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Sant’Anna FH, Finger Andreis T, Salvato RS, Muterle Varela AP, Comerlato J, Gregianini TS, Barcellos RB, de Souza Godinho FM, Resende PC, da Luz Wallau G, y Castro TR, Casarin BC, de Almeida Vieira A, Schwarzbold AV, de Arruda Trindade P, Tumioto Giannini GL, Freese L, Bristot G, Brasil CS, de Oliveira Rocha B, Martins PB, de Oliveira FH, van Oosterhout C, Wendland E. Incipient Parallel Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Deltacron Variant in South Brazil. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020212. [PMID: 36851091 PMCID: PMC9961971 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
With the coexistence of multiple lineages and increased international travel, recombination and gene flow are likely to become increasingly important in the adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2. These processes could result in genetic introgression and the incipient parallel evolution of multiple recombinant lineages. However, identifying recombinant lineages is challenging, and the true extent of recombinant evolution in SARS-CoV-2 may be underestimated. This study describes the first SARS-CoV-2 Deltacron recombinant case identified in Brazil. We demonstrate that the recombination breakpoint is at the beginning of the Spike gene. The 5' genome portion (circa 22 kb) resembles the AY.101 (Delta), and the 3' genome portion (circa 8 kb nucleotides) is most similar to the BA.1.1 (Omicron). Furthermore, evolutionary genomic analyses indicate that the new strain emerged after a single recombination event between lineages of diverse geographical locations in December 2021 in South Brazil. This Deltacron, AYBA-RS, is one of the dozens of recombinants described in 2022. The submission of only four sequences in the GISAID database suggests that this lineage had a minor epidemiological impact. However, the recent emergence of this and other Deltacron recombinant lineages (XD, XF, and XS) suggests that gene flow and recombination may play an increasingly important role in the COVID-19 pandemic. We explain the evolutionary and population genetic theory that supports this assertion, concluding that this stresses the need for continued genomic surveillance. This monitoring is vital for countries where multiple variants are present, as well as for countries that receive significant inbound international travel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard Steiner Salvato
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (CDCT/CEVS/SES-RS), Porto Alegre 90450-190, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (LACEN/CEVS/SES-RS), Porto Alegre 90450-190, RS, Brazil
| | - Regina Bones Barcellos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (CDCT/CEVS/SES-RS), Porto Alegre 90450-190, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Marques de Souza Godinho
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (CDCT/CEVS/SES-RS), Porto Alegre 90450-190, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola Cristina Resende
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel da Luz Wallau
- Departamento de Entomologia e Núcleo de Bioinformática, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Pernambuco (FIOCRUZ-PE), Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil
| | - Thaís Regina y Castro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Campestrini Casarin
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Almeida Vieira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luana Freese
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre 90035-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovana Bristot
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre 90035-000, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Cock van Oosterhout
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Eliana Wendland
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre 90035-000, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
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Durand A, Girardeau P, Freese L, Ahmed SH. Increased responsiveness to punishment of cocaine self-administration after experience with high punishment. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:444-453. [PMID: 34429520 PMCID: PMC8674259 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One behavioral feature of drug addiction is continued drug use despite awareness that this causes negative consequences. Attempts to model this feature in animals typically involve punishing drug self-administration with electrical footshock to identify individuals whose drug use is differently suppressed by punishment. Here we sought to further study individual responsiveness of drug use to punishment in rats self-administering intravenous cocaine. Rats were first trained during several weeks to self-administer cocaine under a fixed-ratio 3 schedule of reinforcement. Then, their self-administration behavior was punished with increasing intensity of footshock (i.e., from 0.1 mA to 0.9 mA, every 30 min). With increasing intensity of punishment, rats first continued to self-administer cocaine before eventually stopping near completely. When retested, however, drug use became more responsive to punishment and was suppressed by a low and initially ineffective footshock intensity (i.e., 0.1 mA). This increase in responsiveness to punishment was seen in all individuals tested, albeit with varying degrees, and was acquired after one single experience with an intensity of punishment that near completely suppressed drug self-administration. Mere passive, non-contingent exposure to the same intensity, however, had no such effect. Once acquired, increased responsiveness to punishment persisted during at least one month when rats were tested every week, but not every day. Finally, increased responsiveness to punishment was not observed after exposure to a non-painful form of punishment (i.e., histamine). Overall, this study reveals that initial responsiveness of drug use to punishment can change rapidly and persistently with experience. We discuss several possible mechanisms that may account for this change in punishment responsiveness and also draw some of the implications and future perspectives for research on animal models of compulsion-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Girardeau
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniversité de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luana Freese
- grid.412344.40000 0004 0444 6202Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Serge H. Ahmed
- grid.462010.1Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
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Nin MS, Heidrich N, Almeida FB, Izolan LR, Constant HMRM, Freese L, Gomez R, Barros HMT. Social distancing and changes in drug use: Results from a cross-sectional study during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:999372. [PMID: 36440408 PMCID: PMC9682187 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.999372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 has led to measures of social distancing and quarantine worldwide. This stressful period may lead to psychological problems, including changes in substance use. In addition, sociodemographic factors are linked to changed levels of drug use and abuse observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, which are also associated with increased anxiety, depression, and other disorders. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate (i) changes in drug use during the COVID-19 pandemic associated with social distancing, and (ii) to verify factors associated with those changes. METHODS A web-based cross-sectional observational survey was completed by a self-selected adult general population in Brazil (N = 2,435) during September/October 2020 (first wave) before and throughout the pandemic. Key outcomes: social distancing, self-reported drug use (ASSIST), and emotional states (DASS-21). RESULTS High social distancing was associated with fewer chances (prevalence ratio) of increased drug use for alcohol (0.71, CI95%: 0.64-0.80), tobacco (0.72; CI95%: 0.60-0.87), cannabis (0.65; CI95%: 0.55-0.78), and others. Low social distancing presented a higher DASS-21 score for anxiety (P = 0.017). Concerning covariates analysis by a general linear model, men (alcohol: 1. 71; cannabis: 3.86), younger age (alcohol: 0.97), less education (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and cocaine/crack comparing several lower schooling categories vs. higher education), lower income (alcohol: 0.42; tobacco: 0.47; and cannabis: 0.36), and higher depression DASS-21 score (alcohol: 1.05; tobacco: 1.08; cannabis: 1.07; and cocaine/crack: 1.07) were associated with higher use prevalence of several drugs. CONCLUSIONS Individuals reporting low social distancing increased the use of most drugs during the pandemic, while high social distancing significantly decreased drug use. Anxiety and depressive states and several sociodemographic factors (men; lower income; less education) were associated with higher drug use patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Schüler Nin
- Institute of Basic Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Nubia Heidrich
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe B Almeida
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas R Izolan
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hilda M R M Constant
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luana Freese
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosane Gomez
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Therapeutics and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helena M T Barros
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Freese L, Fraga de Souza M, Schüler Nin M, Calleti G, Flores Peres V, Gomez R, Maria Tannhauser Barros H. Elevated GABA levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and lower estrogen levels abolish cocaine sensitization behavior in ovariectomized female rats. Brain Res 2020; 1749:147144. [PMID: 33038296 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Animal models show that cocaine sensitization, a behavioral marker of addiction, is more significant in intact gonadal female than male rats and ovariectomy suppress this behavior in female rats. However, few studies explore changes in neurotransmission related to this phenomenon. Here we investigated the in vivo changes on GABA, glutamate, and taurine levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of gonadal intact or ovariectomized female rats after a cocaine challenge administration. Adult female rats were bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX), or sham-operated (SHAM) and randomly assigned to control (CTR), acute (ACT), or repeated (RPT) cocaine administration groups. In the challenge day, after eight days of daily cocaine (15 mg/kg) or saline administration and ten days of washout and stereotaxic surgery, RPT and ACT groups received cocaine, and the CTR group received saline. Horizontal locomotion was monitored concomitantly with microdialysate collection to determine extracellular GABA, glutamate, and taurine levels. Hormonal determination in blood samples confirmed the lower hormonal status of the OVX. Cocaine sensitization occurred in SHAM-RPT female rats after the challenge administration. Non-sensitized OVX-RPT rats showed a peak of GABA at 30 min after cocaine administration, with no change on glutamate and taurine levels. Therefore, elevated GABA levels in the mPFC and lower serum estrogen levels abolish cocaine sensitization behavior in ovariectomized female rats. We discuss some possible implications of these finding for future models of cocaine sensitization research lighting in the female hormonal influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Freese
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marilise Fraga de Souza
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maurício Schüler Nin
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pharmacy Program, Centro Universitário Metodista - IPA, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90040-060, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Greice Calleti
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90040-060, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Flores Peres
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rosane Gomez
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90040-060, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Pharmacosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Fernandes PR, Almeida FB, da Cunha MMMV, Feddern CF, Freese L, Barros HMT. The effects of caffeine on alcohol oral self-administration behavior in rats. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Benchaya MC, Moreira TDC, Constant HMRM, Pereira NM, Freese L, Ferigolo M, Barros HMT. Role of Parenting Styles in Adolescent Substance Use Cessation: Results from a Brazilian Prospective Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E3432. [PMID: 31527470 PMCID: PMC6765768 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to identify the association between parenting styles and behavioral changes among adolescents regarding the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine/crack. METHODS A group of ninety-nine adolescents (39 girls and 60 boys), aged 14 to 19 years (17.05 ± 1.51), who called in to a call center that provides counseling to substance users, was followed-up for 30 days. Data collection occurred between March 2009 and October 2015. The adolescents answered questions regarding parental responsiveness and demanding nature on a scale to assess parental styles and provided sociodemographic data, substance abuse consumption characteristics, and the Contemplation Ladder scale score. RESULTS The parental styles most reported by the adolescents were authoritative (30%) and indulgent (28%). Children who perceived their mothers as having an indulgent style and who had absent fathers presented more difficulties in making behavioral changes to avoid alcohol and cocaine/crack consumption. CONCLUSION The study found that parent-child relationships were associated with a lack of change in the adolescent regarding substance use behavior, particularly the consumption of alcohol and cocaine/crack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Canellas Benchaya
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
- Department of Psychology in Lutheran, University of Brazil, ULBRA, Gravataí 94170-240, Brazil.
| | - Taís de Campos Moreira
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Hilda Maria Rodrigues Moleda Constant
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Natália Masiero Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Luana Freese
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA. Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Maristela Ferigolo
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA. Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
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Freese L, Durand A, Guillem K, Ahmed SH. Pre-trial cocaine biases choice toward cocaine through suppression of the nondrug option. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 173:65-73. [PMID: 30056175 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Being under the influence during choice between drug and nondrug options can have a dramatic effect on choice outcomes. When rats face a choice between cocaine and sweet water and are not under the influence, they prefer sweet water. In contrast, when they are under the influence of cocaine, this causes them to shift their choice to cocaine nearly exclusively. Here we sought to characterize the behavioral mechanisms underlying the influence of cocaine on choice. In theory, rats under the influence of cocaine should be in a mixed motivational state, at least temporarily, with both their motivation for cocaine and their motivation for the nondrug option suppressed by the drug satiating and anorexic effects of cocaine, respectively. For this mixed state to shift choice to cocaine, the satiated motivation for cocaine should recover before the suppressed motivation for the preferred nondrug option. The goal of the present study was to test this prediction in rats that expressed a preference for sweet water after extended access to cocaine self-administration. We measured their choice and response latencies to each option after pre-trial, passive administration of cocaine to estimate the duration of its drug satiating and anorexic effects. As expected, pre-trial cocaine caused most rats to shift their choice to cocaine. Though this shift was not simply due to a longer latency to respond for sweet water than for cocaine after pre-trial cocaine, it nevertheless occurred while rats' motivation for the nondrug option was still partially suppressed. Thus, cocaine seems to bias choice toward more cocaine mainly via suppression of the nondrug option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Freese
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Audrey Durand
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Karine Guillem
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Serge H Ahmed
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Freese L, Almeida FB, Heidrich N, Hansen AW, Steffens L, Steinmetz A, Moura DJ, Gomez R, Barros HMT. Environmental enrichment reduces cocaine neurotoxicity during cocaine-conditioned place preference in male rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 169:10-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gomez R, Caletti G, Arbo BD, Hoefel AL, Schneider R, Hansen AW, Pulcinelli RR, Freese L, Bandiera S, Kucharski LC, Barros HMT. Acute intraperitoneal administration of taurine decreases the glycemia and reduces food intake in type 1 diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1028-1034. [PMID: 29710660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine, an amino acid with antioxidant and osmoregulatory properties, has been studied for its possible antidiabetic properties in type 1 and type 2 diabetic animals. In type 2 diabetic mice, taurine decreases blood glucose through increased insulin secretion and insulin receptor sensitization. However, insulin is absent in type 1 diabetic individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of taurine on parameters related to the energy balance that could explain the metabolic action of this amino acid in type 1 diabetic rats. Control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received saline or taurine (100 mg/kg/day), intraperitoneally, for 30 days. Parameters such as palatable food intake, gastrointestinal transit rate, serum glucose, insulin, leptin, and glucagon levels were measured 60 min after the last taurine administration. Liver, kidneys, heart, and retroperitoneal fat were dissected and weighted. Glycogen levels were measured in the liver and soleus muscle. Our results showed that acute taurine administration decreased glycemia. It also decreased food intake in diabetic rats, without affecting other metabolic parameters. Altogether, our results suggest that in type 1 diabetic rats, taurine decreases blood glucose by a non-insulin-dependent mechanism. Due to the safety profile of taurine, and its effect on glycemia, this amino acid may help to design new drugs to add benefit to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosane Gomez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFSCPA), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil.
| | - Greice Caletti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFSCPA), Brazil
| | - Bruno Dutra Arbo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Hoefel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Ricardo Schneider
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Alana Witt Hansen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Rianne Remus Pulcinelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Luana Freese
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFSCPA), Brazil
| | - Solange Bandiera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Kucharski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Helena Maria Tanhauser Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFSCPA), Brazil
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Freese L, Chen JW, Shillito RD. Sampling of Grain and Seed to Estimate the Adventitious Presence of Biotechnology-Derived Seeds in a Lot. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2015. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-60-1-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Freese
- Formerly statistician at USDA GIPSA Technical Services Division, 10383 N. Ambassador Dr., Kansas City, MO 64153, U.S.A
| | - J.-W. Chen
- Syngenta Biotechnology Inc., 3054 E. Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A.Tel: +1.919.226.7446
| | - R. D. Shillito
- Corresponding author. Bayer CropScience LP, 2 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A.Tel: +1.919.549.5684
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11
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Souza MF, Couto-Pereira NS, Freese L, Costa PA, Caletti G, Bisognin KM, Nin MS, Gomez R, Barros HMT. Behavioral effects of endogenous or exogenous estradiol and progesterone on cocaine sensitization in female rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:505-14. [PMID: 24878606 PMCID: PMC4086178 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine sensitization is a marker for some facets of addiction, is greater in female rats, and may be influenced by their sex hormones. We compared the modulatory effects of endogenous or exogenous estradiol and progesterone on cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in 106 female rats. Ovariectomized female rats received progesterone (0.5 mg/mL), estradiol (0.05 mg/mL), progesterone plus estradiol, or the oil vehicle. Sham-operated control females received oil. Control and acute subgroups received injections of saline, while the repeated group received cocaine (15 mg/kg, ip) for 8 days. After 10 days, the acute and repeated groups received a challenge dose of cocaine, after which locomotion and stereotypy were monitored. The estrous cycle phase was evaluated and blood was collected to verify hormone levels. Repeated cocaine treatment induced overall behavioral sensitization in female rats, with increased locomotion and stereotypies. In detailed analysis, ovariectomized rats showed no locomotor sensitization; however, the sensitization of stereotypies was maintained. Only females with endogenous estradiol and progesterone demonstrated increased locomotor activity after cocaine challenge. Estradiol replacement enhanced stereotyped behaviors after repeated cocaine administration. Cocaine sensitization of stereotyped behaviors in female rats was reduced after progesterone replacement, either alone or concomitant with estradiol. The behavioral responses (locomotion and stereotypy) to cocaine were affected differently, depending on whether the female hormones were of an endogenous or exogenous origin. Therefore, hormonal cycling appears to be an important factor in the sensitization of females. Although estradiol increases the risk of cocaine sensitization, progesterone warrants further study as a pharmacological treatment in the prevention of psychostimulant abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Souza
- Laboratório de Neurociência Comportamental, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - N S Couto-Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - L Freese
- Laboratório de Neurociência Comportamental, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - P A Costa
- Laboratório de Neurociência Comportamental, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - G Caletti
- Laboratório de Neurociência Comportamental, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - K M Bisognin
- Laboratório de Neurociência Comportamental, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - M S Nin
- Laboratório de Neurociência Comportamental, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - R Gomez
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - H M T Barros
- Laboratório de Neurociência Comportamental, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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12
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Freese L, Signor L, Machado C, Ferigolo M, Barros HMT. Non-medical use of methylphenidate: a review. Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2012; 34:110-5. [DOI: 10.1590/s2237-60892012000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Methylphenidate is a psychostimulant medication used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. However, it has also been used for non-medical purposes, e.g. to produce euphoria, to increase self-esteem, and to achieve the so-called neurocognitive enhancement, decreasing the feeling of tiredness and increasing focus and attention. OBJECTIVE: To describe, from theoretical and contextual points of view, the potential for abuse and non-medical use of methylphenidate. METHOD: The PubMed, SciELO and Cochrane databases were searched using the following keywords in Portuguese: metilfenidato, transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade, facilitadores dos processos cognitivos or agentes nootrópicos, and abuso de substâncias; and in English: methylphenidate, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, cognitive enhancement or nootropic agents, and substance abuse. Studies published between 1990 and 2010 were selected for review. RESULTS: Non-medical use of methylphenidate is a relevant topic that raises important ethical and scientific questions in several areas, e.g. pharmacological and neurobiological characteristics, evidence of methylphenidate use, forms of non-medical use of methylphenidate, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic application of methylphenidate. According to the review, methylphenidate can generally influence performance as a result of its stimulatory effect. Notwithstanding, evidence does not support the conclusion that it can enhance cognitive performance. CONCLUSION: Health professionals need to acquire expert knowledge and inform patients and their families on the methylphenidate potential for abuse when used with non-medical purposes.
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Mazoni CG, Fernandes S, Pierozan PS, Moreira T, Freese L, Ferigolo M, Barros HMT. A eficácia das intervenções farmacológicas e psicossociais para o tratamento do tabagismo: revisão da literatura. Estud psicol (Natal) 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-294x2008000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A cessação do tabagismo traz benefícios à saúde, pois indivíduos que param de fumar evitam a maioria das doenças associadas ao tabaco. Objetiva-se revisar as características fundamentais e eficácia das intervenções farmacológicas e psicossociais para o tratamento dos tabagistas, apresentando dados de revisões tipo meta-análises e de ensaios clínico randomizados. Intervenções farmacológicas como a terapia de reposição de nicotina e a bupropiona e intervenções psicossociais como a terapia cognitivo-comportamental e a intervenção motivacional face a face e por telefone demonstram eficácia. A farmacoterapia aumenta a chance de abstinência em 2 vezes e as intervenções psicossociais face a face ou por telefone em 1,5 a 2,5 vezes em relação a tabagistas recebendo intervenções controles. Estes dados fornecem subsídios para profissionais de saúde decidirem qual o melhor tratamento para o tabagista, informando as intervenções disponíveis, sua eficácia e o benefício de sua utilização.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Fernandes
- Serviço Nacional de Orientações e Informações sobre a Prevenção do Uso Indevido de Drogas
| | | | - Taís Moreira
- Serviço Nacional de Orientações e Informações sobre a Prevenção do Uso Indevido de Drogas
| | - Luana Freese
- Serviço Nacional de Orientações e Informações sobre a Prevenção do Uso Indevido de Drogas
| | - Maristela Ferigolo
- Serviço Nacional de Orientações e Informações sobre a Prevenção do Uso Indevido de Drogas
| | - Helena M. T. Barros
- Serviço Nacional de Orientações e Informações sobre a Prevenção do Uso Indevido de Drogas
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14
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Whitaker TB, Freese L, Giesbrecht FG, Slate AB. Sampling grain shipments to detect genetically modified seed. J AOAC Int 2001; 84:1941-6. [PMID: 11767166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Using the binomial distribution, the effect of sample size on the variability among sample test results when sampling a lot with 1.0% genetically modified (GM) or biotech seed was evaluated. The coefficient of variation, cv, among 500-seed sample test results taken from a lot with truly 1.0% was computed to be 44.5%. Increasing sample size to 1000 seeds reduced the cv among sample test results to 31.5%. The effects of sample size and accept/reject limits on the buyer's risk (bad lots accepted) and the seller's risk (good lots rejected) was also evaluated assuming a tolerance of 1.0% GM seed. Increasing sample size decreases both the buyer's and seller's risks at the same time. Using an accept/reject limit below the regulatory tolerance decreases the buyer's risk, but increases the seller's risk. Using an accept/reject limit above the regulatory tolerance decreases the seller's risk but increases the buyer's risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Whitaker
- USDA/ARS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7625, USA.
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15
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Freese L, Friedrich R, Kendall D, Tanner S. Variability of deoxynivalenol measurements in barley. J AOAC Int 2000; 83:1259-63. [PMID: 11048870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a toxin produced by Fusarium fungi, can occur in many cereal grains. If wet climatic conditions coincide with the flowering period of plant development, circumstances are favorable for the fungi infection. Because the presence of DON in barley can have significant economic consequences to barley producers, commercially available test kits are used to measure DON in shipments throughout marketing channels. The quantity of barley sampled from a lot and used to measure DON can vary widely, depending on where the test is conducted. The Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration of the U.S. Department of Agriculture specifies that a minimum of 100 g of grain must be processed to measure DON. Other laboratories may use more or less grain. A study undertaken to measure the variability among measurements of different sample sizes found no detectable differences in variability attributable to sample size. It was concluded that the variability among DON concentrations in samples from the lot was small relative to that introduced by the measurement process (combined sample preparation and analysis). A separate experiment investigated variation among samples taken from a lot, variation among subsamples taken from ground samples, and variation among multiple replicated measurements of an extract. On 10 lots, all 3 sources were significant contributors to variation. Stratification of DON within lots was hypothesized as a source of variation of DON measurements. Tests indicated that some stratification may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Freese
- US Department of Argiculture, Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration, Technical Services Division, Kansas City, MO 64153-1394, USA
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16
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Boerio M, Brooker J, Freese L, Phares P, Yazvec S. Pediatric dermatology: that itchy scaly rash. Nurs Clin North Am 2000; 35:147-57. [PMID: 10673571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary care practitioners in the pediatric setting treat children for numerous skin complaints. The most frequently seen dermatologic conditions are those that are persistent and cause children discomfort, such as atopic, contact seborrheic dermatitis and tinea infections. Familiarity with the presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of these common skin conditions enables the practitioner to successfully manage these rashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boerio
- Certified Pediatric Nurse Practitioner, Pediatric Associates of Fairfield/Hamilton, Fairfield, Ohio, USA
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Stefanik RL, Cassandra K, Edwards-Beckett J, Gresham Copeland S, Hoffman M, Hulls P, Freese L, Opperman C, Timmerman R. Perceptions of nursing staff development. A replication study. J Nurs Staff Dev 1994; 10:115-119. [PMID: 7807230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The authors, in this study, replicate the research of Kirsch (1987, 1990) and contribute to the knowledge base of nursing staff development. This replication partially supports the original research findings related to work satisfaction, organizational commitment, hospital-sponsored education, and intent to remain in the institution. An extension of the replication study was the comparison of responses from full and part-time nursing staff members.
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