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Kwon SG, Choi HS, Yoon SY, Roh DH, Lee JH. Intraplantar aminoglutethimide, a P450scc inhibitor, reduced the induction of mechanical allodynia in a rat model of thrombus-induced ischemic pain. Mol Brain 2024; 17:50. [PMID: 39095918 PMCID: PMC11295590 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroactive steroids (NASs) directly affect neuronal excitability. Despite their role in the nervous system is intimately linked to pain control, knowledge is currently limited. This study investigates the peripheral involvement of NASs in chronic ischemic pain by targeting the cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc). Using a rat model of hind limb thrombus-induced ischemic pain (TIIP), we observed an increase in P450scc expression in the ischemic hind paw skin. Inhibiting P450scc with intraplantar aminoglutethimide (AMG) administration from post-operative day 0 to 3 significantly reduced the development of mechanical allodynia. However, AMG administration from post-operative day 3 to 6 did not affect established mechanical allodynia. In addition, we explored the role of the peripheral sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) by co-administering PRE-084 (PRE), a Sig-1R agonist, with AMG. PRE reversed the analgesic effects of AMG during the induction phase. These findings indicate that inhibiting steroidogenesis with AMG alleviates peripheral ischemic pain during the induction phase via Sig-1Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoon-Seong Choi
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Seo-Yeon Yoon
- Department of Companion Animal Health, Yuhan University, Bucheon-si, 14780, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Roh
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| | - Jang-Hern Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Sivcev S, Kudova E, Zemkova H. Neurosteroids as positive and negative allosteric modulators of ligand-gated ion channels: P2X receptor perspective. Neuropharmacology 2023; 234:109542. [PMID: 37040816 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurosteroids are steroids synthesized de novo in the brain from cholesterol in an independent manner from peripheral steroid sources. The term "neuroactive steroid" includes all steroids independent of their origin, and newly synthesized analogs of neurosteroids that modify neuronal activities. In vivo application of neuroactive steroids induces potent anxiolytic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, sedative, analgesic and amnesic effects, mainly through interaction with the γ-aminobutyric acid type-A receptor (GABAAR). However, neuroactive steroids also act as positive or negative allosteric regulators on several ligand-gated channels including N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and ATP-gated purinergic P2X receptors. Seven different P2X subunits (P2X1-7) can assemble to form homotrimeric or heterotrimeric ion channels permeable for monovalent cations and calcium. Among them, P2X2, P2X4, and P2X7 are the most abundant within the brain and can be regulated by neurosteroids. Transmembrane domains are necessary for neurosteroid binding, however, no generic motif of amino acids can accurately predict the neurosteroid binding site for any of the ligand-gated ion channels including P2X. Here, we will review what is currently known about the modulation of rat and human P2X by neuroactive steroids and the possible structural determinants underlying neurosteroid-induced potentiation and inhibition of the P2X2 and P2X4 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Sivcev
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kudova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Zemkova
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Choi JG, Choi SR, Kang DW, Kim J, Park JB, Lee JH, Kim HW. Sigma-1 receptor increases intracellular calcium in cultured astrocytes and contributes to mechanical allodynia in a model of neuropathic pain. Brain Res Bull 2022; 178:69-81. [PMID: 34813897 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that glial sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) in the spinal cord may be a critical factor to mediate sensory function. However, the functional role of Sig-1R in astrocyte has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we determined whether Sig-1Rs modulate calcium responses in primary cultured astrocytes and pathological changes in spinal astrocytes, and whether they contribute to pain hypersensitivity in naïve mice and neuropathic pain following chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in mice. Sig-1R was expressed in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cultured astrocytes. Treatment with the Sig-1R agonist, PRE-084 or neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) increased intracellular calcium responses in cultured astrocytes, and this increase was blocked by the pretreatment with the Sig-1R antagonist, BD-1047 or neurosteroid progesterone. Intrathecal administration of PRE-084 or DHEA for 10 days induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity and increased the number of Sig-1R-immunostained GFAP-positive cells in the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) region of the spinal cord in naïve mice, and these changes were inhibited by administration with BD-1047 or progesterone. In CCI mice, intrathecal administration of BD-1047 or progesterone at post-operative day 14 suppressed the developed mechanical allodynia and the number of Sig-1R-immunostained GFAP-positive cells that were increased in the SDH region of the spinal cord following CCI of the sciatic nerve. These results demonstrate that Sig-1Rs play an important role in the modulation of intracellular calcium responses in cultured astrocytes and pathological changes in spinal astrocytes and that administration of BD-1047 or progesterone alleviates the Sig-1R-induced pain hypersensitivity and the peripheral nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gyun Choi
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sheu-Ran Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kang
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Kim
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Bong Park
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jang-Hern Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Morales-Lázaro SL, González-Ramírez R, Rosenbaum T. Molecular Interplay Between the Sigma-1 Receptor, Steroids, and Ion Channels. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:419. [PMID: 31068816 PMCID: PMC6491805 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell excitability is tightly regulated by the activity of ion channels that allow for the passage of ions across cell membranes. Ion channel activity is controlled by different mechanisms that change their gating properties, expression or abundance in the cell membrane. The latter can be achieved by forming complexes with a diversity of proteins like chaperones such as the Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), which is one with unique features and exhibits a role as a ligand-operated chaperone. This molecule also displays high intracellular mobility according to its activation level since, depletion of internal Ca+2 stores or the presence of specific ligands, produce Sig-1R’s mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum toward the plasma membrane or nuclear envelope. The function of the Sig-1R as a chaperone is regulated by synthetic and endogenous ligands, with some of these compounds being a steroids and acting as key endogenous modifiers of the actions of the Sig-1R. There are cases in the literature that exemplify the close relationship between the actions of steroids on the Sig-1R and the resulting negative or positive effects on ion channel function/abundance. Such interactions have been shown to importantly influence the physiology of mammalian cells leading to changes in their excitability. The present review focuses on describing how the Sig-1R regulates the functional properties and the expression of some sodium, calcium, potassium, and TRP ion channels in the presence of steroids and the physiological consequences of these interplays at the cellular level are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Morales-Lázaro
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Cohen IV, Cirulli ET, Mitchell MW, Jonsson TJ, Yu J, Shah N, Spector TD, Guo L, Venter JC, Telenti A. Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Use Modifies the Sulfation of Sex Hormones. EBioMedicine 2018; 28:316-323. [PMID: 29398597 PMCID: PMC5835573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is one of the most common medications used for management of pain in the world. There is lack of consensus about the mechanism of action, and concern about the possibility of adverse effects on reproductive health. Methods We first established the metabolome profile that characterizes use of acetaminophen, and we subsequently trained and tested a model that identified metabolomic differences across samples from 455 individuals with and without acetaminophen use. We validated the findings in a European ancestry adult twin cohort of 1880 individuals (TwinsUK), and in a study of 1235 individuals of African American and Hispanic ancestry. We used genomics to elucidate the mechanisms targeted by acetaminophen. Findings We identified a distinctive pattern of depletion of sulfated sex hormones with use of acetaminophen across all populations. We used a Mendelian randomization approach to characterize the role of Sulfotransferase Family 2A Member 1 (SULT2A1) as the site of the interaction. Although CYP3A7-CYP3A51P variants also modified levels of some sulfated sex hormones, only acetaminophen use phenocopied the effect of genetic variants of SULT2A1. Overall, acetaminophen use, age, gender and SULT2A1 and CYP3A7-CYP3A51P genetic variants are key determinants of variation in levels of sulfated sex hormones in blood. The effect of taking acetaminophen on sulfated sex hormones was roughly equivalent to the effect of 35 years of aging. Interpretation These findings raise concerns of the impact of acetaminophen use on hormonal homeostasis. In addition, it modifies views on the mechanism of action of acetaminophen in pain management as sulfated sex hormones can function as neurosteroids and modify nociceptive thresholds. We use metabolome analysis of 3570 individuals to identify the effect of acetaminophen on metabolic processes. Acetaminophen use is associated with decrease sulfation of sexual hormones. These findings are relevant in the context of current debate on the use of acetaminophen during pregnancy
Despite decades-long use of acetaminophen, there is an incomplete understanding of the mechanism of action, and of the potential for adverse metabolic effects. Recent epidemiological and animal work supports an effect of acetaminophen on reproductive processes and hormonal homeostasis. We observe a consistent and reproducible effect of acetaminophen use on the levels of sulfated sex hormones. This is relevant to the investigation of hormonal homeostasis during pregnancy – acetaminophen is the most commonly used analgesic by pregnant women. It also opens the door to investigating the role of sulfated hormones in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac V Cohen
- Human Longevity, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - James Yu
- Human Longevity, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - J Craig Venter
- Human Longevity, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amalio Telenti
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Shen Z, Sun J, Liu B, Jiang Y, Wu Y, Wang J, Shao X, Fang J. Mechanical Stimulus-Induced Wthdrawal Behavior Increases Subsequent Pre-Stimulus Local Field Potential Power in the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Unanesthetized Rats. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:1099-1105. [PMID: 28250407 PMCID: PMC5345699 DOI: 10.12659/msm.903292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) is important in pain expectation. Previous studies demonstrated that mechanical stimulus-induced withdrawal behaviors are spinally-mediated nocifensive reflexes in rats, but it is not known whether pain expectation is influenced by withdrawal behaviors. MATERIAL AND METHODS We reanalyzed previous mechanosensitivity measurements of 244 rats measured 5 times in succession. To study neural oscillation in the rACC, 1 recording microwire array was surgically implanted. Then, we simultaneously recorded the local field potential (LFP) of the rACC over the course of multiple withdrawal behaviors in unanesthetized rats. RESULTS From our previous withdrawal behavioral data in 244 rats, we observed that the distributions of paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) were denser and more concentrated after the first withdrawal behavior. Compared to the first mechanical stimulus, increased neuronal synchrony and a stronger delta band component existed in each pre-stimulus LFP in the rACC during subsequent stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Pain expectation could be involved in withdrawal behaviors, which is related to increased total power and delta band power of the subsequent pre-stimulus LFPs in the rACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Shen
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The 3rd Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The 3rd Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Boyi Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The 3rd Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The 3rd Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The 3rd Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jialing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The 3rd Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaomei Shao
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The 3rd Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The 3rd Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Merlos M, Burgueño J, Portillo-Salido E, Plata-Salamán CR, Vela JM. Pharmacological Modulation of the Sigma 1 Receptor and the Treatment of Pain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 964:85-107. [PMID: 28315267 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical need for new analgesics acting through new mechanisms of action, which could increase the efficacy with respect to existing therapies and reduce their unwanted effects. Current preclinical evidence supports the modulatory role of sigma-1 receptors (σ1R) in nociception, mainly based on the pain-attenuated phenotype of σ1R knockout mice and on the antinociceptive effect exerted by σ1R antagonists on pains of different etiologies. σ1R is highly expressed in different pain areas of the CNS and the periphery (particularly dorsal root ganglia), and interacts and modulates the functionality of different receptors and ion channels . The antagonism of σ1R leads to decreased amplification of pain signaling within the spinal cord (central sensitization), but recent data also support a role at the periphery. σ1R antagonists have consistently demonstrated efficacy in neuropathic pain , but also in other types of pain including inflammatory, orofacial, visceral, and post-operative pain. Apart from acting alone, when combined with opioids, σ1R antagonists enhance opioid analgesia but not opioid-induced unwanted effects. Interestingly, unlike opioids, σ1R antagonists do not modify normal sensory mechanical and thermal sensitivity thresholds but they exert antihypersensitive effects in sensitizing conditions, enabling the reversal of nociceptive thresholds back to normal values. Accordingly, σ1R antagonists are not strictly analgesics; they are antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic drugs acting when the system is sensitized following prolonged noxious stimulation or persistent abnormal afferent input (e.g., secondary to nerve injury). These are distinctive features allowing σ1R antagonists to exert a modulatory effect specifically in pathophysiological conditions such as chronic pain .
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Merlos
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE. Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 4-8, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Burgueño
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE. Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 4-8, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Portillo-Salido
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE. Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 4-8, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ramón Plata-Salamán
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE. Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 4-8, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Miguel Vela
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE. Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 4-8, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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