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Sandoval A, Duran P, Corzo-López A, Fernández-Gallardo M, Muñoz-Herrera D, Leyva-Leyva M, González-Ramírez R, Felix R. The role of voltage-gated calcium channels in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:452-461. [PMID: 35993158 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2115905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels play an essential role in maintaining calcium homeostasis and regulating numerous physiological processes in neurons. Therefore, dysregulation of calcium signaling is relevant in many neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). This review aims to introduce the role of CaV channels in PD and discuss some novel aspects of channel regulation and its impact on the molecular pathophysiology of the disease. Methods: an exhaustive search of the literature in the field was carried out using the PubMed database of The National Center for Biotechnology Information. Systematic searches were performed from the initial date of publication to May 2022. Results: Although α-synuclein aggregates are the main feature of PD, L-type calcium (CaV1) channels seem to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of PD. Changes in the functional expression of CaV1.3 channels alter Calcium homeostasis and contribute to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that CaV channel trafficking towards the cell membrane depends on the activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). In PD, there is an increase in the expression of L-type channels associated with a decrease in the expression of Parkin, an E3 enzyme of the UPS. Therefore, a link between Parkin and CaV channels could play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of PD and, as such, could be a potentially attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Conclusion: The study of alterations in the functional expression of CaV channels will provide a framework to understand better the neurodegenerative processes that occur in PD and a possible path toward identifying new therapeutic targets to treat this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sandoval
- School of Medicine FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Paz Duran
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Corzo-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - David Muñoz-Herrera
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
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Muñoz-Herrera D, Calderón-Rivera A, Zarco N, Corzo-Lopez A, Leyva-Leyva M, Monjaraz E, Sandoval A, Oviedo N, González-Ramírez R, Felix R. Molecular cloning of the gene promoter encoding the human Ca Vγ 2/Stargazin divergent transcript ( CACNG2-DT): characterization and regulation by the cAMP-PKA/CREB signaling pathway. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1286808. [PMID: 38033343 PMCID: PMC10687476 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1286808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CaVγ2 (Stargazin or TARPγ2) is a protein expressed in various types of neurons whose function was initially associated with a decrease in the functional expression of voltage-gated presynaptic Ca2+ channels (CaV) and which is now known to promote the trafficking of the postsynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPAR) towards the cell membrane. Alterations in CaVγ2 expression has been associated with several neurological disorders, such as absence epilepsy. However, its regulation at the transcriptional level has not been intensively addressed. It has been reported that the promoter of the Cacng2 gene, encoding the rat CaVγ2, is bidirectional and regulates the transcription of a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the antisense direction. Here, we investigate the proximal promoter region of the human CACNG2 gene in the antisense direction and show that this region includes two functional cAMP response elements that regulate the expression of a lncRNA called CACNG2-DT. The activity of these sites is significantly enhanced by forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator, and inhibited by H89, a protein kinase A (PKA) antagonist. Therefore, this regulatory mechanism implies the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and downstream phosphorylation. Interestingly, we also found that the expression of CACNG2-DT may increase the levels of the CaVγ2 subunit. Together, these data provide novel information on the organization of the human CACNG2-DT gene promoter, describe modulatory domains and mechanisms that can mediate various regulatory inputs, and provide initial information on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the functional expression of the CaVγ2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Muñoz-Herrera
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aida Calderón-Rivera
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Natanael Zarco
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Corzo-Lopez
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, “Dr. Manuel Gea González” General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Monjaraz
- Institute of Physiology, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- School of Medicine FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Oviedo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, “Dr. Manuel Gea González” General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
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Corzo-López A, Leyva-Leyva M, Castillo-Viveros V, Fernández-Gallardo M, Muñoz-Herrera D, Sandoval A, González-Ramírez R, Felix R. Molecular mechanisms of nuclear transport of the neuronal voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel β 3 auxiliary subunit. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00181-1. [PMID: 37169165 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that in addition to its role within the voltage-gated calcium channel complex in the plasma membrane, the neuronal CaVβ subunit can translocate to the cell nucleus. However, little is known regarding the role this protein could play in the nucleus, nor the molecular mechanism used by CaVβ to enter this cell compartment. This report shows evidence that CaVβ3 has nuclear localization signals (NLS) that are not functional, suggesting that the protein does not use a classical nuclear import pathway. Instead, its entry into the nucleus could be associated with another protein that would function as a carrier, using a mechanism known as a piggyback. Mass spectrometry assays and bioinformatic analysis allowed the identification of proteins that could be participating in the entry of CaVβ3 into the nucleus. Likewise, through proximity ligation assays (PLA), it was found that members of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) and B56δ, a regulatory subunit of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), could function as proteins that regulate this piggyback mechanism. On the other hand, bioinformatics and site-directed mutagenesis assays allowed the identification of a functional nuclear export signal (NES) that controls the exit of CaVβ3 from the nucleus, which would allow the completion of the nuclear transport cycle of the protein. These results reveal a novel mechanism for the nuclear transport cycle of the neuronal CaVβ3 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Corzo-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Valeria Castillo-Viveros
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - David Muñoz-Herrera
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- School of Medicine FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Leyva-Leyva M, Sandoval A, Morales-Lázaro SL, Corzo-López A, Felix R, González-Ramírez R. Identification of Dp140 and α1-syntrophin as novel molecular interactors of the neuronal Ca V2.1 channel. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:595-606. [PMID: 36964781 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The primary function of dystrophin is to form a link between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. In addition to this crucial structural function, dystrophin also plays an essential role in clustering and organizing several signaling proteins, including ion channels. Proteomic analysis of the whole rodent brain has stressed the role of some components of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC) as potential interacting proteins of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels of the CaV2 subfamily. The interaction of CaV2 with signaling and scaffolding proteins, such as the DGC components, may influence their function, stability, and location in neurons. This work aims to study the interaction between dystrophin and CaV2.1. Our immunoprecipitation data showed the presence of a complex formed by CaV2.1, CaVα2δ-1, CaVβ4e, Dp140, and α1-syntrophin in the brain. Furthermore, proximity ligation assays (PLA) showed that CaV2.1 and CaVα2δ-1 interact with dystrophin in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Notably, Dp140 and α1-syntrophin increase CaV2.1 protein stability, half-life, permanence in the plasma membrane, and current density through recombinant CaV2.1 channels. Therefore, we have identified the Dp140 and α1-syntrophin as novel interaction partners of CaV2.1 channels in the mammalian brain. Consistent with previous findings, our work provides evidence of the role of DGC in anchoring and clustering CaV channels in a macromolecular complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- School of Medicine FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Sara Luz Morales-Lázaro
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Alejandra Corzo-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Felix R, Muñoz-Herrera D, Corzo-López A, Fernández-Gallardo M, Leyva-Leyva M, González-Ramírez R, Sandoval A. Ion channel long non-coding RNAs in neuropathic pain. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:457-468. [PMID: 35235008 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is one of the primary forms of chronic pain and is the consequence of the somatosensory system's direct injury or disease. It is a relevant public health problem that affects about 10% of the world's general population. In neuropathic pain, alteration in neurotransmission occurs at various levels, including the dorsal root ganglia, the spinal cord, and the brain, resulting from the malfunction of diverse molecules such as receptors, ion channels, and elements of specific intracellular signaling pathways. In this context, there have been exciting advances in elucidating neuropathic pain's cellular and molecular mechanisms in the last decade, including the possible role that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play, which open up new alternatives for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this condition. This review focuses on recent studies associated with the possible relevance of lncRNAs in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain through their actions on the functional expression of ion channels. Recognizing the changes in the function and spatio-temporal patterns of expression of these membrane proteins is crucial to understanding the control of neuronal excitability in chronic pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - David Muñoz-Herrera
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Corzo-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- School of Medicine FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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Juárez-Contreras R, Méndez-Reséndiz KA, Rosenbaum T, González-Ramírez R, Morales-Lázaro SL. TRPV1 Channel: A Noxious Signal Transducer That Affects Mitochondrial Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238882. [PMID: 33255148 PMCID: PMC7734572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transient Receptor Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) or capsaicin receptor is a nonselective cation channel, which is abundantly expressed in nociceptors. This channel is an important transducer of several noxious stimuli, having a pivotal role in pain development. Several TRPV1 studies have focused on understanding its structure and function, as well as on the identification of compounds that regulate its activity. The intracellular roles of these channels have also been explored, highlighting TRPV1′s actions in the homeostasis of Ca2+ in organelles such as the mitochondria. These studies have evidenced how the activation of TRPV1 affects mitochondrial functions and how this organelle can regulate TRPV1-mediated nociception. The close relationship between this channel and mitochondria has been determined in neuronal and non-neuronal cells, demonstrating that TRPV1 activation strongly impacts on cell physiology. This review focuses on describing experimental evidence showing that TRPV1 influences mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Juárez-Contreras
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurosciences Division, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.J.-C.); (K.A.M.-R.); (T.R.)
| | - Karina Angélica Méndez-Reséndiz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurosciences Division, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.J.-C.); (K.A.M.-R.); (T.R.)
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurosciences Division, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.J.-C.); (K.A.M.-R.); (T.R.)
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, “Dr. Manuel Gea González” General Hospital, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Sara Luz Morales-Lázaro
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurosciences Division, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.J.-C.); (K.A.M.-R.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Duran P, Sandoval A, González-Ramírez R, Zarco N, Felix R. Regulation of the Ca 2+ channel α 2δ-1 subunit expression by epidermal growth factor via the ERK/ELK-1 signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E232-E244. [PMID: 32369417 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00007.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels are expressed in endocrine cells where they contribute to hormone secretion. Diverse chemical messengers, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), are known to affect the expression of CaV channels. Previous studies have shown that EGF increases Ca2+ currents in GH3 pituitary cells by increasing the number of high voltage-activated (HVA) CaV channels at the cell membrane, which results in enhanced prolactin (PRL) secretion. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying this regulation. Here, we show that EGF actually increases the expression of the CaVα2δ-1 subunit, a key molecular component of HVA channels. The analysis of the gene promoter encoding CaVα2δ-1 (CACNA2D1) revealed binding sites for transcription factors activated by the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and site-directed mutagenesis showed that ELK-1 is crucial for the transcriptional regulation of CACNA2D1 in response to EGF. Furthermore, we found that EGF increases the membrane expression of CaVα2δ-1 and that ELK-1 overexpression increases HVA current density, whereas ELK-1 knockdown decreases the functional expression of the channels. Hormone release assays revealed that CaVα2δ-1 overexpression increases PRL secretion. These results suggest a mechanism for how EGF, by activating the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK/ELK-1 pathway, may influence the expression of HVA channels and the secretory behavior of pituitary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Duran
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- School of Medicine FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
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González-González L, González-Ramírez R, Flores A, Avelino-Cruz JE, Felix R, Monjaraz E. Epidermal Growth Factor Potentiates Migration of MDA-MB 231 Breast Cancer Cells by Increasing NaV1.5 Channel Expression. Oncology 2019; 97:373-382. [PMID: 31430760 DOI: 10.1159/000501802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is the result of dysregulation of various signaling pathways in mammary epithelial cells. The mortality rate in patients suffering from breast cancer is high because the tumor cells have a prominent invasive capacity towards the surrounding tissues. Previous studies carried out in tumor cell models show that voltage-gated ion channels may be important molecular actors that contribute to the migratory and invasive capacity of the tumor cells. METHODS In this study, by using an experimental strategy that combines cell and molecular biology assays with electrophysiological recording, we sought to determine whether the voltage-dependent sodium channel NaV1.5 regulates the migratory capacity of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB 231, when cells are maintained in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF), as an inductor of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. RESULTS Our data show that EGF stimulates the migratory capacity of MDA-MB 231 cells, by regulating the functional expression of NaV1.5 channels. Consistent with this, the stimulatory actions of the growth factor were prevented by the use of tetrodotoxin, an Na+ channel selective blocker, as well as by resveratrol, an antioxidant that can also affect Na+ channel activity. DISCUSSION The understanding of molecular mechanisms, such as the EGF pathway in the progression of breast cancer is fundamental for the design of more effective therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, Dr. Manuel Gea González General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amira Flores
- Institute of Physiology, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - José E Avelino-Cruz
- Institute of Physiology, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico,
| | - Eduardo Monjaraz
- Institute of Physiology, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
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Gómez K, Sandoval A, Barragán-Iglesias P, Granados-Soto V, Delgado-Lezama R, Felix R, González-Ramírez R. Transcription Factor Sp1 Regulates the Expression of Calcium Channel α 2δ-1 Subunit in Neuropathic Pain. Neuroscience 2019; 412:207-215. [PMID: 31220545 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ (CaV) channels are oligomeric complexes formed by an ion-conducting main subunit (Cavα1) and at least two auxiliary subunits (Cavβ and CaVα2δ). It has been reported that the expression of CaVα2δ1 increases in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of animals with mechanical allodynia, and that the transcription factor Sp1 regulates the expression of the auxiliary subunit. Hence, the main aim of this work was to investigate the role of Sp1 as a molecular determinant of the exacerbated expression of CaVα2δ-1 in the nerve ligation-induced model of mechanical allodynia. Our results show that ligation of L5/L6 spinal nerves (SNL) produced allodynia and increased the expression of Sp1 and CaVα2δ-1 in the DRGs. Interestingly, intrathecal administration of the Sp1 inhibitor mithramycin A (Mth) prevented allodynia and decreased the expression of Sp1 and CaVα2δ-1. Likewise, electrophysiological recordings showed that incubation with Mth decreased Ca2+ current density in the DRG neurons, acting mostly on HVA channels. These results suggest that L5/L6 SNL produces mechanical allodynia and increases the expression of the transcription factor Sp1 and the subunit CaVα2δ-1 in the DRGs, while Mth decreases mechanical allodynia and Ca2+ currents through HVA channels in sensory neurons by reducing the functional expression of the CaVα2δ-1 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Gómez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- School of Medicine FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Paulino Barragán-Iglesias
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vinicio Granados-Soto
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Delgado-Lezama
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Morales-Lázaro SL, González-Ramírez R, Rosenbaum T. Molecular Interplay Between the Sigma-1 Receptor, Steroids, and Ion Channels. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:419. [PMID: 31068816 PMCID: PMC6491805 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell excitability is tightly regulated by the activity of ion channels that allow for the passage of ions across cell membranes. Ion channel activity is controlled by different mechanisms that change their gating properties, expression or abundance in the cell membrane. The latter can be achieved by forming complexes with a diversity of proteins like chaperones such as the Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), which is one with unique features and exhibits a role as a ligand-operated chaperone. This molecule also displays high intracellular mobility according to its activation level since, depletion of internal Ca+2 stores or the presence of specific ligands, produce Sig-1R’s mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum toward the plasma membrane or nuclear envelope. The function of the Sig-1R as a chaperone is regulated by synthetic and endogenous ligands, with some of these compounds being a steroids and acting as key endogenous modifiers of the actions of the Sig-1R. There are cases in the literature that exemplify the close relationship between the actions of steroids on the Sig-1R and the resulting negative or positive effects on ion channel function/abundance. Such interactions have been shown to importantly influence the physiology of mammalian cells leading to changes in their excitability. The present review focuses on describing how the Sig-1R regulates the functional properties and the expression of some sodium, calcium, potassium, and TRP ion channels in the presence of steroids and the physiological consequences of these interplays at the cellular level are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Morales-Lázaro
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Leyva-Leyva M, Sandoval A, Felix R, González-Ramírez R. Biochemical and Functional Interplay Between Ion Channels and the Components of the Dystrophin-Associated Glycoprotein Complex. J Membr Biol 2018; 251:535-550. [PMID: 29779049 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-018-0036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophin is a cytoskeleton-linked membrane protein that binds to a larger multiprotein assembly called the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC). The deficiency of dystrophin or the components of the DGC results in the loss of connection between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix with significant pathophysiological implications in skeletal and cardiac muscle as well as in the nervous system. Although the DGC plays an important role in maintaining membrane stability, it can also be considered as a versatile and flexible molecular complex that contribute to the cellular organization and dynamics of a variety of proteins at specific locations in the plasma membrane. This review deals with the role of the DGC in transmembrane signaling by forming supramolecular assemblies for regulating ion channel localization and activity. These interactions are relevant for cell homeostasis, and its alterations may play a significant role in the etiology and pathogenesis of various disorders affecting muscle and nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Ortíz-Rentería M, Juárez-Contreras R, González-Ramírez R, Islas LD, Sierra-Ramírez F, Llorente I, Simon SA, Hiriart M, Rosenbaum T, Morales-Lázaro SL. TRPV1 channels and the progesterone receptor Sig-1R interact to regulate pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1657-E1666. [PMID: 29378958 PMCID: PMC5816171 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715972115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel is expressed in nociceptors where, when activated by chemical or thermal stimuli, it functions as an important transducer of painful and itch-related stimuli. Although the interaction of TRPV1 with proteins that regulate its function has been previously explored, their modulation by chaperones has not been elucidated, as is the case for other mammalian TRP channels. Here we show that TRPV1 physically interacts with the Sigma 1 Receptor (Sig-1R), a chaperone that binds progesterone, an antagonist of Sig-1R and an important neurosteroid associated to the modulation of pain. Antagonism of Sig-1R by progesterone results in the down-regulation of TRPV1 expression in the plasma membrane of sensory neurons and, consequently, a decrease in capsaicin-induced nociceptive responses. This is observed both in males treated with a synthetic antagonist of Sig-1R and in pregnant females where progesterone levels are elevated. This constitutes a previously undescribed mechanism by which TRPV1-dependent nociception and pain can be regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ortíz-Rentería
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rebeca Juárez-Contreras
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, 14080 Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, México
| | - León D Islas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Félix Sierra-Ramírez
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Itzel Llorente
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sidney A Simon
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sara L Morales-Lázaro
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México;
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13
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González-Ramírez R, Felix R. Transcriptional regulation of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 28371478 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV ) channels is an emerging research area that promises to improve our understanding of how many relevant physiological events are shaped in the central nervous system, the skeletal muscle and other tissues. Interestingly, a picture of how transcription of CaV channel subunit genes is controlled is evolving with the identification of the promoter regions required for tissue-specific expression and the identification of transcription factors that control their expression. These promoters share several characteristics that include multiple transcriptional start sites, lack of a TATA box and the presence of elements conferring tissue-selective expression. Likewise, changes in CaV channel expression occur throughout development, following ischaemia, seizures or chronic drug administration. This review focuses on insights achieved regarding the control of CaV channel gene expression. To further understand the complexities of expression and to increase the possibilities of detecting CaV channel alterations causing human disease, a deeper knowledge on the structure of the 5' upstream regions of the genes encoding these remarkable proteins will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. González-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad; Hospital General ‘Dr. Manuel Gea González’; Secretaría de Salud; Ciudad de México México
| | - R. Felix
- Departmento de Biología Celular; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN); Ciudad de México México
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14
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Domínguez-Mancera B, Barrientos-Morales M, Cervantes-Acosta P, Hernández-Beltrán A, Rodríguez-Andrade A, González-Ramírez R, Monjaraz E, Felix R. Leptin regulation of inward membrane currents, electrical activity and LH release in isolated bovine gonadotropes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:53-58. [PMID: 28705737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Leptin, a peptide hormone produced by adipocytes, is recognized as one of the signals involved in the onset of reproductive activity. The leptin receptor has been found in hypothalamic neurons and pituitary gonadotropes, suggesting that the hormone may act at both sites to stimulate the secretion of GnRH and consequently, FSH and LH. In response to a stimulus such as a hypothalamic secretagogue, gonadotropes respond with changes in electrical activity, intracellular Ca2+ and hormone release. The main aim of this report was to investigate whether leptin promotes a change in the electrical and secretory activities of bovine gonadotropes. After 48 h of treatment with leptin (10 nM) significant changes in the action potential properties were observed in gonadotropes, which included an increase in amplitude, time-to-pike and post-hyperpolarization, as well as a decrease in firing threshold. Likewise, leptin induced a significant (∼1.3-fold) up-regulation of voltage-gated Na+ channel current density, and a selective increase (∼2.1-fold) in Ca2+ current density through high voltage-activated channels. Consistent with this, leptin enhanced GnRH-induced secretion of LH measured by ELISA. We suggest that leptin enhances membrane expression of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels, which results in a modulation of the action potential properties and an increase in hormone release from gonadotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Monjaraz
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.
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15
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Molina-Jijón E, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, González-Ramírez R, Namorado-Tónix C, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Reyes JL. Aldosterone signaling regulates the over-expression of claudin-4 and -8 at the distal nephron from type 1 diabetic rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177362. [PMID: 28493961 PMCID: PMC5426686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in diabetes alters tight junction (TJ) proteins in the kidney. We evaluated the participation of aldosterone (ALD), and the effect of spironolactone (SPL), a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, on the expressions of claudin-2, -4, -5 and -8, and occludin in glomeruli, proximal and distal tubules isolated from diabetic rats. Type 1 diabetes was induced in female Wistar rats by a single tail vein injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and SPL was administrated daily by gavage, from days 3–21. Twenty-one days after STZ injection the rats were sacrificed. In diabetic rats, the serum ALD levels were increased, and SPL-treatment did not have effect on these levels or in hyperglycemia, however, proteinuria decreased in SPL-treated diabetic rats. Glomerular damage, evaluated by nephrin and Wilm’s tumor 1 (WT1) protein expressions, and proximal tubular damage, evaluated by kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1) and heat shock protein 72 kDa (Hsp72) expressions, were ameliorated by SPL. Also, SPL prevented decrement in claudin-5 in glomeruli, and claudin-2 and occludin in proximal tubules by decreasing oxidative stress, evaluated by superoxide anion (O2●―) production, and oxidative stress markers. In distal tubules, SPL ameliorated increase in mRNA, protein expression, and phosphorylation in threonine residues of claudin-4 and -8, through a serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1), and with-no-lysine kinase 4 (WNK4) signaling pathway. In conclusion, this is the first study that demonstrates that ALD modulates the expression of renal TJ proteins in diabetes, and that the blockade of its actions with SPL, may be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent alterations of TJ proteins in diabetic nephropathy.
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MESH Headings
- Aldosterone/metabolism
- Animals
- Claudin-4/metabolism
- Claudins/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Female
- Hyperglycemia/blood
- Hyperglycemia/drug therapy
- Hyperglycemia/prevention & control
- Immediate-Early Proteins/metabolism
- Kidney Glomerulus/drug effects
- Kidney Glomerulus/pathology
- Kidney Tubules/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules/pathology
- Models, Biological
- Natriuresis/drug effects
- Nephrons/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Potassium/blood
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proteinuria/blood
- Proteinuria/complications
- Proteinuria/drug therapy
- Proteinuria/prevention & control
- Rats, Wistar
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Spironolactone/pharmacology
- Spironolactone/therapeutic use
- Tight Junctions/drug effects
- Tight Junctions/metabolism
- Weight Loss/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Molina-Jijón
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, México
- Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre el Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIIEMAD-IPN), Mexico City, México
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, México
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, Dr. Manuel Gea González, General Hospital, Mexico City, México
| | - Carmen Namorado-Tónix
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, México
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, México
| | - Jose L. Reyes
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, México
- * E-mail:
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16
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Fernandez-Gallardo M, González-Ramírez R, Sandoval A, Felix R, Monjaraz E. Adenosine Stimulate Proliferation and Migration in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167445. [PMID: 27911956 PMCID: PMC5135100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the adenosine (Ado) receptors may play crucial roles in tumor progression. Here, we show that Ado increases proliferation and migration in a triple negative breast cancer model, the MDA-MB 231 cell line. The use of specific agonists and antagonists evidenced that these effects depend on the activation of the A2B receptor, which then triggers an intracellular response mediated by the adenylate cyclase/PKA/cAMP signaling pathway. Ado also increases the expression of NaV1.5 channels, a potential biomarker in breast cancer. Together, these data suggest important roles of the A2B receptors and NaV1.5 channels in the Ado-induced increase in proliferation and migration of the MDA-MB 231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Fernandez-Gallardo
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, México
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Departmento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, México
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Departmento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eduardo Monjaraz
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, México
- * E-mail:
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17
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Lobato-Álvarez JA, Roldán ML, López-Murillo TDC, González-Ramírez R, Bonilla-Delgado J, Shoshani L. The Apical Localization of Na +, K +-ATPase in Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Depends on Expression of the β 2 Subunit. Front Physiol 2016; 7:450. [PMID: 27774068 PMCID: PMC5054689 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Na+, K+-ATPase, or the Na+ pump, is a key component in the maintenance of the epithelial phenotype. In most epithelia, the pump is located in the basolateral domain. Studies from our laboratory have shown that the β1 subunit of Na+, K+-ATPase plays an important role in this mechanism because homotypic β1-β1 interactions between neighboring cells stabilize the pump in the lateral membrane. However, in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the Na+ pump is located in the apical domain. The mechanism of polarization in this epithelium is unclear. We hypothesized that the apical polarization of the pump in RPE cells depends on the expression of its β2 subunit. ARPE-19 cells cultured for up to 8 weeks on inserts did not polarize, and Na+, K+-ATPase was expressed in the basolateral membrane. In the presence of insulin, transferrin and selenic acid (ITS), ARPE-19 cells cultured for 4 weeks acquired an RPE phenotype, and the Na+ pump was visible in the apical domain. Under these conditions, Western blot analysis was employed to detect the β2 isoform and immunofluorescence analysis revealed an apparent apical distribution of the β2 subunit. qPCR results showed a time-dependent increase in the level of β2 isoform mRNA, suggesting regulation at the transcriptional level. Moreover, silencing the expression of the β2 isoform in ARPE-19 cells resulted in a decrease in the apical localization of the pump, as assessed by the mislocalization of the α2 subunit in that domain. Our results demonstrate that the apical polarization of Na+, K+-ATPase in RPE cells depends on the expression of the β2 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Lobato-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Epithelial Research, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN México City, Mexico
| | - María L Roldán
- Laboratory of Epithelial Research, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN México City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Del Carmen López-Murillo
- Laboratory of Epithelial Research, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN México City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González México City, Mexico
| | - José Bonilla-Delgado
- Research Unit, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Diagnosis, Hospital Juárez de México México City, Mexico
| | - Liora Shoshani
- Laboratory of Epithelial Research, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN México City, Mexico
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18
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Magdaleno-Méndez A, Domínguez B, Rodríguez-Andrade A, Barrientos-Morales M, Cervantes-Acosta P, Hernández-Beltrán A, González-Ramírez R, Felix R. Ghrelin increases growth hormone production and functional expression of NaV1.1 and Na V1.2 channels in pituitary somatotropes. Endocrine 2015; 48:929-36. [PMID: 25151402 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A variety of ion channels are expressed in the plasma membrane of somatotropes within the anterior pituitary gland. Modification of these channels is linked to intracellular Ca2+ levels and therefore to hormone secretion. Previous investigations have shown that the gut-derived orexigenic peptide hormone ghrelin and synthetic GH-releasing peptides (GHRPs) stimulate release of growth hormone (GH) and increase the number of functional voltage-gated Ca2+ and Na+ channels in the membrane of clonal GC somatotropes. Here, we reveal that chronic treatment with ghrelin and its synthetic analog GHRP-6 also increases GH release from bovine pituitary somatotropes in culture, and that this action is associated with a significant increase in Na+ macroscopic current. Consistent with this, Na+ current blockade with tetrodotoxin (TTX) abolished the ghrelin- and GHRP-6-induced increase in GH release. Furthermore, semi-quantitative and real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed an upregulation in the transcript levels of GH, as well as of NaV1.1 and NaV1.2, two isoforms of TTX-sensitive Na+ channels expressed in somatotropes, after treatment with ghrelin or GHRP-6. These findings improve our knowledge on (i) the cellular mechanisms involved in the control of GH secretion, (ii) the molecular diversity of Na+ channels in pituitary somatotropes, and (iii) the regulation of GH and Na+ channel gene expression by ghrelin and GHRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adasue Magdaleno-Méndez
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Veracruz, Circunvalación esquina Yáñez s/n, C.P. 91710, Veracruz, Mexico
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19
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García-Carrasco M, Mendoza-Pinto C, Macias Díaz S, Vera-Recabarren M, Vázquez de Lara L, Méndez Martínez S, Soto-Santillán P, González-Ramírez R, Ruiz-Arguelles A. P-glycoprotein in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:594-600. [PMID: 25712147 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a transmembrane protein of 170 kD encoded by the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR-1) gene, localized on chromosome 7. More than 50 polymorphisms of the MDR-1 gene have been described; a subset of these has been shown to play a pathophysiological role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease, femoral head osteonecrosis induced by steroids, lung cancer and renal epithelial tumors. Polymorphisms that have a protective effect on the development of conditions such as Parkinson disease have also been identified. P-glycoprotein belongs to the adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter superfamily and its structure comprises a chain of approximately 1280 aminoacid residues with an N-C terminal structure, arranged as 2 homologous halves, each of which has 6 transmembrane segments, with a total of 12 segments with 2 cytoplasmic nucleotide binding domains. Many cytokines like interleukin 2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha increase Pgp expression and activity. Pgp functions as an efflux pump for a variety of toxins in order to protect particular organs and tissues as the central nervous system. Pgp transports a variety of substrates including glucocorticoids while other drugs such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine A act as modulators of this protein. The most widely used method to measure Pgp activity is flow cytometry using naturally fluorescent substrates such as anthracyclines or rhodamine 123. The study of drug resistance and its association to Pgp began with the study of resistance to chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer and antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus; however, the role of Pgp in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis has been a focus of study lately and has emerged as an important mechanism by which treatment failure occurs. The present review analyzes the role of Pgp in these autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García-Carrasco
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General Regional No. 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma dePuebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - C Mendoza-Pinto
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General Regional No. 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma dePuebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - S Macias Díaz
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General Regional No. 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.
| | | | - L Vázquez de Lara
- Departament of Experimental Medicine, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - S Méndez Martínez
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General Regional No. 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - P Soto-Santillán
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General Regional No. 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - R González-Ramírez
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General Regional No. 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - A Ruiz-Arguelles
- Laboratorios Clinicos de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico; Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Mexico.
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20
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Andres C, Aguilar J, González-Ramírez R, Elias-Viñas D, Felix R, Delgado-Lezama R. Extrasynaptic α6 subunit-containing GABAA receptors modulate excitability in turtle spinal motoneurons. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115378. [PMID: 25531288 PMCID: PMC4274054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Motoneurons are furnished with a vast repertoire of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors as well as ion channels responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential and involved in the regulation of the mechanisms underlying its membrane excitability and firing properties. Among them, the GABAA receptors, which respond to GABA binding by allowing the flow of Cl− ions across the membrane, mediate two distinct forms of inhibition in the mature nervous system, phasic and tonic, upon activation of synaptic or extrasynaptic receptors, respectively. In a previous work we showed that furosemide facilitates the monosynaptic reflex without affecting the dorsal root potential. Our data also revealed a tonic inhibition mediated by GABAA receptors activated in motoneurons by ambient GABA. These data suggested that the high affinity GABAA extrasynaptic receptors may have an important role in motor control, though the molecular nature of these receptors was not determined. By combining electrophysiological, immunofluorescence and molecular biology techniques with pharmacological tools here we show that GABAA receptors containing the α6 subunit are expressed in adult turtle spinal motoneurons and can function as extrasynaptic receptors responsible for tonic inhibition. These results expand our understanding of the role of GABAA receptors in motoneuron tonic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Andres
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), México DF, México
| | - Justo Aguilar
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), México DF, México
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González,” México DF, México
| | | | - Ricardo Felix
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, México DF, México
| | - Rodolfo Delgado-Lezama
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), México DF, México
- * E-mail:
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21
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Morales-Lázaro SL, Serrano-Flores B, Llorente I, Hernández-García E, González-Ramírez R, Banerjee S, Miller D, Gududuru V, Fells J, Norman D, Tigyi G, Escalante-Alcalde D, Rosenbaum T. Structural determinants of the transient receptor potential 1 (TRPV1) channel activation by phospholipid analogs. J Biol Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.a114.572503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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22
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Rodríguez R, Hernández-Hernández O, Magaña JJ, González-Ramírez R, García-López ES, Cisneros B. Altered nuclear structure in myotonic dystrophy type 1-derived fibroblasts. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:479-88. [PMID: 25307018 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystem genetic disorder caused by a triplet nucleotide repeat expansion in the 3' untranslated region of the Dystrophia Myotonica-Protein Kinase (DMPK) gene. DMPK gene transcripts containing CUG expanded repeats accumulate in nuclear foci and ultimately cause altered splicing/gene expression of numerous secondary genes. The study of primary cell cultures derived from patients with DM1 has allowed the identification and further characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology in the natural context of the disease. In this study we show for the first time impaired nuclear structure in fibroblasts of DM1 patients. DM1-derived fibroblasts exhibited altered localization of the nuclear envelope (NE) proteins emerin and lamins A/C and B1 with concomitant increased size and altered shape of nuclei. Abnormal NE organization is more common in DM1 fibroblasts containing abundant nuclear foci, implying expression of the expanded RNA as determinant of nuclear defects. That transient expression of the DMPK 3' UTR containing 960 CTG but not with the 3' UTR lacking CTG repeats is sufficient to generate NE disruption in normal fibroblasts confirms the direct impact of mutant RNA on NE architecture. We also evidence nucleoli distortion in DM1 fibroblasts by immunostaining of the nucleolar protein fibrillarin, implying a broader effect of the mutant RNA on nuclear structure. In summary, these findings reveal that NE disruption, a hallmark of laminopathy disorders, is a novel characteristic of DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rodríguez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508 Col Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico, D.F, Mexico
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23
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Morales-Lázaro SL, Serrano-Flores B, Llorente I, Hernández-García E, González-Ramírez R, Banerjee S, Miller D, Gududuru V, Fells J, Norman D, Tigyi G, Escalante-Alcalde D, Rosenbaum T. Structural determinants of the transient receptor potential 1 (TRPV1) channel activation by phospholipid analogs. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24079-90. [PMID: 25035428 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.572503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel is a polymodal protein that responds to various stimuli, including capsaicin (the pungent compound found in chili peppers), extracellular acid, and basic intracellular pH, temperatures close to 42 °C, and several lipids. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an endogenous lipid widely associated with neuropathic pain, is an agonist of the TRPV1 channel found in primary afferent nociceptors and is activated by other noxious stimuli. Agonists or antagonists of lipid and other chemical natures are known to possess specific structural requirements for producing functional effects on their targets. To better understand how LPA and other lipid analogs might interact and affect the function of TRPV1, we set out to determine the structural features of these lipids that result in the activation of TRPV1. By changing the acyl chain length, saturation, and headgroup of these LPA analogs, we established strict requirements for activation of TRPV1. Among the natural LPA analogs, we found that only LPA 18:1, alkylglycerophosphate 18:1, and cyclic phosphatidic acid 18:1, all with a monounsaturated C18 hydrocarbon chain activate TRPV1, whereas polyunsaturated and saturated analogs do not. Thus, TRPV1 shows a more restricted ligand specificity compared with LPA G-protein-coupled receptors. We synthesized fatty alcohol phosphates and thiophosphates and found that many of them with a single double bond in position Δ9, 10, or 11 and Δ9 cyclopropyl group can activate TRPV1 with efficacy similar to capsaicin. Finally, we developed a pharmacophore and proposed a mechanistic model for how these lipids could induce a conformational change that activates TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Morales-Lázaro
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Barbara Serrano-Flores
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Itzel Llorente
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Enrique Hernández-García
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- the Departmento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", México, D.F. 14080, México
| | - Souvik Banerjee
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Duane Miller
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | | | - James Fells
- the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Derek Norman
- the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Diana Escalante-Alcalde
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México,
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González-Ramírez R, Martínez-Hernández E, Sandoval A, Felix R. Transcription factor Sp1 regulates T-type Ca(2+) channel CaV 3.1 gene expression. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:551-60. [PMID: 23868804 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated T-type Ca(2+) (CaV 3) channels mediate a number of physiological events in developing and mature cells, and are implicated in neurological and cardiovascular diseases. In mammals, there are three distinct T-channel genes (CACNA1G, CACNA1H, and CACNA1I) encoding proteins (CaV 3.1-CaV 3.3) that differ in their localization as well as in molecular, biophysical, and pharmacological properties. The CACNA1G is a large gene that contains 38 exons and is localized in chromosome 17q22. Only basic characteristics of the CACNA1G gene promoter region have been investigated classifying it as a TATA-less sequence containing several potential transcription factor-binding motifs. Here, we cloned and characterized a proximal promoter region and initiated the analysis of transcription factors that control CaV 3.1 channel expression using the murine Cacna1g gene as a model. We isolated a ∼1.5 kb 5'-upstream region of Cacna1g and verified its transcriptional activity in the mouse neuroblastoma N1E-115 cell line. In silico analysis revealed that this region possesses a TATA-less minimal promoter that includes two potential transcription start sites and four binding sites for the transcription factor Sp1. The ability of one of these sites to interact with the transcription factor was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Consistent with this, Sp1 over-expression enhanced promoter activity while siRNA-mediated Sp1 silencing significantly decreased the level of CaV 3.1 protein and reduced the amplitude of whole-cell T-type Ca(2+) currents expressed in the N1E-115 cells. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that control CaV 3.1 channel expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
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25
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Loeza-Alcocer E, Canto-Bustos M, Aguilar J, González-Ramírez R, Felix R, Delgado-Lezama R. α5GABAA receptors mediate primary afferent fiber tonic excitability in the turtle spinal cord. J Neurophysiol 2013; 110:2175-84. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00330.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Amino butyric acid (GABA) plays a key role in the regulation of central nervous system by activating synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. It is acknowledged that extrasynaptic GABAA receptors located in the soma, dendrites, and axons may be activated tonically by low extracellular GABA concentrations. The activation of these receptors produces a persistent conductance that can hyperpolarize or depolarize nerve cells depending on the Cl− equilibrium potential. In an in vitro preparation of the turtle spinal cord we show that extrasynaptic α5GABAA receptors mediate the tonic state of excitability of primary afferents independently of the phasic primary afferent depolarization mediated by synaptic GABAA receptors. Blockade of α5GABAA receptors with the inverse agonist L-655,708 depressed the dorsal root reflex (DRR) without affecting the phasic increase in excitability of primary afferents. Using RT-PCR and Western blotting, we corroborated the presence of the mRNA and the α5GABAA protein in the dorsal root ganglia of the turtle spinal cord. The receptors were localized in primary afferents in dorsal root, dorsal root ganglia, and peripheral nerve terminals using immunoconfocal microscopy. Considering the implications of the DRR in neurogenic inflammation, α5GABAA receptors may serve as potential pharmacological targets for the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Loeza-Alcocer
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Canto-Bustos
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Justo Aguilar
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, “Dr. Manuel Gea González” General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico; and
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Delgado-Lezama
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Leyva-Leyva M, Barrera L, López-Camarillo C, Arriaga-Pizano L, Orozco-Hoyuela G, Carrillo-Casas EM, Calderón-Pérez J, López-Díaz A, Hernandez-Aguilar F, González-Ramírez R, Kawa S, Chimal-Monroy J, Fuentes-Mera L. Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Subpopulations from Human Amniotic Membrane with Dissimilar Osteoblastic Potential. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1275-87. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, México, México
| | - Lourdes Barrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, México, México
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica y Proteómica del Cáncer, Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, México, México
| | - Lourdes Arriaga-Pizano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, IMSS, México, México
| | - Gabriel Orozco-Hoyuela
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, México
| | - Erika M. Carrillo-Casas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, México, México
| | - Jaime Calderón-Pérez
- División de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, México, México
| | - Annia López-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, México, México
| | - Felipe Hernandez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, México, México
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, México, México
| | - Simón Kawa
- Comisión Nacional de Bioética, México, México
| | - Jesús Chimal-Monroy
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, México
| | - Lizeth Fuentes-Mera
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, México, México
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Martínez-Vieyra IA, Vásquez-Limeta A, González-Ramírez R, Morales-Lázaro SL, Mondragón M, Mondragón R, Ortega A, Winder SJ, Cisneros B. A role for β-dystroglycan in the organization and structure of the nucleus in myoblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1833:698-711. [PMID: 23220011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We recently characterized a nuclear import pathway for β-dystroglycan; however, its nuclear role remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time, the interaction of β-dystroglycan with distinct proteins from different nuclear compartments, including the nuclear envelope (NE) (emerin and lamins A/C and B1), splicing speckles (SC35), Cajal bodies (p80-coilin), and nucleoli (Nopp140). Electron microscopy analysis revealed that β-dystroglycan localized in the inner nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, and nucleoli. Interestingly, downregulation of β-dystroglycan resulted in both mislocalization and decreased expression of emerin and lamin B1, but not lamin A/C, as well in disorganization of nucleoli, Cajal bodies, and splicing speckles with the concomitant decrease in the levels of Nopp140, and p80-coilin, but not SC35. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and cycloheximide-mediated protein arrest assays revealed that β-dystroglycan deficiency did not change mRNA expression of NE proteins emerin and lamin B1 bud did alter their stability, accelerating protein turnover. Furthermore, knockdown of β-dystroglycan disrupted NE-mediated processes including nuclear morphology and centrosome-nucleus linkage, which provides evidence that β-dystroglycan association with NE proteins is biologically relevant. Unexpectedly, β-dystroglycan-depleted cells exhibited multiple centrosomes, a characteristic of cancerous cells. Overall, these findings imply that β-dystroglycan is a nuclear scaffolding protein involved in nuclear organization and NE structure and function, and that might be a contributor to the biogenesis of nuclear envelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette A Martínez-Vieyra
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México, DF 07360, Mexico
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28
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Garza-López E, González-Ramírez R, Gandini MA, Sandoval A, Felix R. The familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutation K1336E affects direct G protein-mediated regulation of neuronal P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. Cephalalgia 2013; 33:398-407. [PMID: 23430985 DOI: 10.1177/0333102412475236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM-1) is an autosomal dominant form of migraine with aura characterized by recurrent migraine, hemiparesis and ataxia. FHM-1 has been linked to missense mutations in the CACNA1A gene encoding the pore-forming subunit of the neuronal voltage-gated P/Q-type Ca(2+) channel (CaV2.1α1). METHODS Here, we explored the effects of the FHM-1 K1336E mutation on G protein-dependent modulation of the recombinant P/Q-type channel. The mutation was introduced into the human CaV2.1α1 subunit and its functional consequences investigated after heterologous expression in HEK-293 cells using patch-clamp recordings. RESULTS Functional analysis of the K1336E mutation revealed a reduction of Ca(2+) current densities, a ∼10 mV left-shift in the current-voltage relationship, and the slowing of current inactivation kinetics. When co-expressed along with the human μ-opioid receptor, application of the agonist DAMGO inhibited whole-cell currents through both the wild-type and the mutant channels. Prepulse facilitation was also reduced by the K1336E mutation. Likewise, the kinetic analysis of the onset and decay of facilitation showed that the mutation affects the apparent dissociation and reassociation rates of the Gβγ dimer from the channel complex. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the extent of G-protein-mediated inhibition is significantly reduced in the K1336E mutant CaV2.1 Ca(2+) channels. This alteration would contribute to render the neuronal network hyperexcitable, possibly as a consequence of reduced presynaptic inhibition, and may help to explain some aspects of the FHM-1 pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Garza-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico
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Segura-Chama P, Rivera-Cerecedo CV, González-Ramírez R, Felix R, Hernández-Guijo JM, Hernández-Cruz A. Atypical Ca2+ currents in chromaffin cells from SHR and WKY rat strains result from the deficient expression of a splice variant of the α1D Ca2+ channel. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H467-78. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00849.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ currents ( ICa) recorded from adrenal chromaffin cells (CCs) of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats are similar to one another, but different from those recorded in other rodent species. ICa in WKY/SHR CCs comprises an early, transient ( ICae) and a late, sustained component ( ICas). In Wistar CCs, ICae is absent, and ICas is of greater amplitude. Activation and steady-state inactivation of ICae and ICas in WKY/SHR CCs suggest the recruitment of at least two populations of Ca2+ channels with different voltage dependence and kinetics. In WKY/SHR CCs, ICae is inhibited by nifedipine, enhanced by BAY K 8644, is not blocked by the mibefradil analog NNC 55–0396, and displays Ca2+-dependent inactivation and fast deactivation kinetics, suggesting that it results from the opening of L-type rather than T-type Ca2+ channels. ICae properties suggest that it originates from the opening of Ca2+ channels formed with the short splice variant (CaV1.342A). RT-PCR showed that expression of CaV1.342A mRNA is similar in both Wistar and WKY/SHR, but that the long variant (CaV1.342) is virtually absent in WKY/SHR. Thus ICae corresponds to the recruitment of CaV1.342A channels, unmasked by the absence of CaV1.342 channels. Studies in WKY CCs do not report major functional alterations, despite the unusual expression pattern of CaV1.3 splice variants. It remains to be established if more subtle functional alterations exist, and if the atypical splicing pattern of CaV1.3 could be related to the functional and behavioral alterations reported in WKY/SHR rats, including their susceptibility to develop hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia V. Rivera-Cerecedo
- Unidad Académica Bioterio, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, and
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City; and
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico; and
| | - Jesús M. Hernández-Guijo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Calderón-Rivera A, Andrade A, Hernández-Hernández O, González-Ramírez R, Sandoval A, Rivera M, Gomora JC, Felix R. Identification of a disulfide bridge essential for structure and function of the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel α(2)δ-1 auxiliary subunit. Cell Calcium 2011; 51:22-30. [PMID: 22054663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium (Ca(V)) channels are transmembrane proteins that form Ca(2+)-selective pores gated by depolarization and are essential regulators of the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. By providing a pathway for rapid Ca(2+) influx, Ca(V) channels couple membrane depolarization to a wide array of cellular responses including neurotransmission, muscle contraction and gene expression. Ca(V) channels fall into two major classes, low voltage-activated (LVA) and high voltage-activated (HVA). The ion-conducting pathway of HVA channels is the α(1) subunit, which typically contains associated β and α(2)δ ancillary subunits that regulate the properties of the channel. Although it is widely acknowledged that α(2)δ-1 is post-translationally cleaved into an extracellular α(2) polypeptide and a membrane-anchored δ protein that remain covalently linked by disulfide bonds, to date the contribution of different cysteine (Cys) residues to the formation of disulfide bridges between these proteins has not been investigated. In the present report, by predicting disulfide connectivity with bioinformatics, molecular modeling and protein biochemistry experiments we have identified two Cys residues involved in the formation of an intermolecular disulfide bond of critical importance for the structure and function of the α(2)δ-1 subunit. Site directed-mutagenesis of Cys404 (located in the von Willebrand factor-A region of α(2)) and Cys1047 (in the extracellular domain of δ) prevented the association of the α(2) and δ peptides upon proteolysis, suggesting that the mature protein is linked by a single intermolecular disulfide bridge. Furthermore, co-expression of mutant forms of α(2)δ-1 Cys404Ser and Cys1047Ser with recombinant neuronal N-type (Ca(V)2.2α(1)/β(3)) channels, showed decreased whole-cell patch-clamp currents indicating that the disulfide bond between these residues is required for α(2)δ-1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Calderón-Rivera
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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32
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Gandini MA, Sandoval A, González-Ramírez R, Mori Y, de Waard M, Felix R. Functional coupling of Rab3-interacting molecule 1 (RIM1) and L-type Ca2+ channels in insulin release. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:15757-65. [PMID: 21402706 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.187757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin release by pancreatic β-cells is regulated by diverse intracellular signals, including changes in Ca(2+) concentration resulting from Ca(2+) entry through voltage-gated (Ca(V)) channels. It has been reported that the Rab3 effector RIM1 acts as a functional link between neuronal Ca(V) channels and the machinery for exocytosis. Here, we investigated whether RIM1 regulates recombinant and native L-type Ca(V) channels (that play a key role in hormone secretion) and whether this regulation affects insulin release. Whole-cell patch clamp currents were recorded from HEK-293 and insulinoma RIN-m5F cells. RIM1 and Ca(V) channel expression was identified by RT-PCR and Western blot. RIM1-Ca(V) channel interaction was determined by co-immunoprecipitation. Knockdown of RIM1 and Ca(V) channel subunit expression were performed using small interference RNAs. Insulin release was assessed by ELISA. Co-expression of Ca(V)1.2 and Ca(V)1.3 L-type channels with RIM1 in HEK-293 cells revealed that RIM1 may not determine the availability of L-type Ca(V) channels but decreases the rate of inactivation of the whole cell currents. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed association of the Ca(V)β auxiliary subunit with RIM1. The lack of Ca(V)β expression suppressed channel regulation by RIM1. Similar to the heterologous system, an increase of current inactivation was observed upon knockdown of endogenous RIM1. Co-immunoprecipitation showed association of Ca(V)β and RIM1 in insulin-secreting RIN-m5F cells. Knockdown of RIM1 notably impaired high K(+)-stimulated insulin secretion in the RIN-m5F cells. These data unveil a novel functional coupling between RIM1 and the L-type Ca(V) channels via the Ca(V)β auxiliary subunit that contribute to determine insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Gandini
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Colonia Zacatenco, México DF, México
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Martínez-Hernández E, Sandoval A, González-Ramírez R, Zoidis G, Felix R. Inhibition of recombinant N-type and native high voltage-gated neuronal Ca2+ channels by AdGABA: mechanism of action studies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 250:270-7. [PMID: 21059371 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
High-voltage activated Ca(2+) (Ca(V)) channels play a key role in the regulation of numerous physiological events by causing transient changes in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. These channels consist of a pore-forming Ca(V)α(1) protein and three auxiliary subunits (Ca(V)β, Ca(V)α(2)δ and Ca(V)γ). Ca(V)α(2)δ is an important component of Ca(V) channels in many tissues and of great interest as a drug target. It is well known that anticonvulsant agent gabapentin (GBP) binds to Ca(V)α(2)δ and reduces Ca(2+) currents by modulating the expression and/or function of the Ca(V)α(1) subunit. Recently, we showed that an adamantane derivative of GABA, AdGABA, has also inhibitory effects on Ca(V) channels. However, the importance of the interaction of AdGABA with the Ca(V)α(2)δ subunit has not been conclusively demonstrated and the mechanism of action of the drug has yet to be elucidated. Here, we describe studies on the mechanism of action of AdGABA. Using a combined approach of patch-clamp recordings and molecular biology we show that AdGABA inhibits Ca(2+) currents acting on Ca(V)α(2)δ only when applied chronically, both in a heterologous expression system and in dorsal root-ganglion neurons. AdGABA seems to require uptake and be acting intracellularly given that its effects are prevented by an inhibitor of the L-amino acid transport system. Interestingly, a mutation in the Ca(V)α(2)δ that abolishes GBP binding did not affect AdGABA actions, revealing that its mechanism of action is similar but not identical to that of GBP. These results indicate that AdGABA is an important Ca(V)α(2)δ ligand that regulates Ca(V) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Esquivel A, González-Ramírez R, Alberú J, Gracida C, Medeiros M, Castañeda-Hernández G. Comparison of dissolution properties of 2 enteric-coated formulations containing mycophenolate sodium: Myfortic vs Femulan. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:353-6. [PMID: 20172348 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enteric-coated tablets containing mycophenolate sodium have been developed to reduce gastric toxicity. The objective of this study was to compare 2 enteric-coated formulations containing 360 mg of mycophenolate sodium: the innovator product, Myfortic, and an agent that recently became available in Mexico, Femulan. For both formulations, mycophenolate sodium content was within the 90% to 110% range of the label claimed dose, and no impurities were present as determined at high-performance liquid chromatography. Mycophenolate sodium release was assayed by applying the US Pharmacopeia apparatus 2 dissolution test at 2 different pH values (1.2 and 6.8) to mimic conditions in the stomach and the small intestine, respectively. At pH 1.2, mycophenolate sodium release was less than 2%, with respect to the label claimed dose, for both formulations. At pH 6.8, mean (range) mycophenolate sodium release with Myfortic was 104.9% (104.0%-105.6%), and with femulan was 62.3% (51.3%-67.7%); the difference between formulations achieved statistical significance (P = .04). Moreover, intratablet variability with the generic formulation was unacceptable. Variation between the highest and lowest drug release was 32.0% for Femulan, and 1.02% for Myfortic. Thus, it is likely that Femulan results in insufficient and irreproducible absorption of mycophenolate sodium in the small intestine, leading to inadequate immunosuppressive efficacy. It is concluded that Femulan and myfortic are not equivalent formulations. Furthermore, Femulan is not a suitable formulation for clinical use in organ transplantation because it does not meet pharmaceutical quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Esquivel
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados el Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Morales-Lázaro SL, González-Ramírez R, Gómez P, Tapia-Ramírez V, de León MB, Cisneros B. Induction of dystrophin Dp71 expression during neuronal differentiation: opposite roles of Sp1 and AP2alpha in Dp71 promoter activity. J Neurochem 2009; 112:474-85. [PMID: 19943855 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we delineated the molecular mechanisms that modulate Dp71 expression during neuronal differentiation, using the N1E-115 cell line. We demonstrated that Dp71 expression is up-regulated in response to cAMP-mediated neuronal differentiation of these cells, and that this induction is controlled at promoter level. Functional deletion analysis of the Dp71 promoter revealed that a 5'-flanking 159-bp DNA fragment that contains Sp1 and AP2 binding sites is necessary and sufficient for basal expression of this TATA-less promoter, as well as for its induction during neuronal differentiation. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Sp1 and AP2alpha bind to their respective DNA elements within the Dp71 basal promoter. Overall, mutagenesis assays on the Sp1 and AP2 binding sites, over-expression of Sp1 and AP2alpha, as well as knock-down experiments on Sp1 and AP2alpha gene expression established that Dp71 basal expression is controlled by the combined action of Sp1 and AP2alpha, which act as activator and repressor, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated that induction of Dp71 expression in differentiated cells is the result of the maintenance of positive regulation exerted by Sp1, as well as of the loss of AP2alpha binding, which ultimately releases the promoter from repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Luz Morales-Lázaro
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, México, D.F., México
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Andrade A, Sandoval A, González-Ramírez R, Lipscombe D, Campbell KP, Felix R. The alpha(2)delta subunit augments functional expression and modifies the pharmacology of Ca(V)1.3 L-type channels. Cell Calcium 2009; 46:282-92. [PMID: 19796812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The auxiliary Ca(V)alpha(2)delta-1 subunit is an important component of voltage-gated Ca(2+) (Ca(V)) channel complexes in many tissues and of great interest as a drug target. Nevertheless, its exact role in specific cell functions is still unknown. This is particularly important in the case of the neuronal L-type Ca(V) channels where these proteins play a key role in the secretion of neurotransmitters and hormones, gene expression, and the activation of other ion channels. Therefore, using a combined approach of patch-clamp recordings and molecular biology, we studied the role of the Ca(V)alpha(2)delta-1 subunit on the functional expression and the pharmacology of recombinant L-type Ca(V)1.3 channels in HEK-293 cells. Co-expression of Ca(V)alpha(2)delta-1 significantly increased macroscopic currents and conferred the Ca(V)1.3alpha(1)/Ca(V)beta(3) channels sensitivity to the antiepileptic/analgesic drugs gabapentin and AdGABA. In contrast, Ca(V)alpha(2)delta-1 subunits harboring point mutations in N-glycosylation consensus sequences or the proteolytic site as well as in conserved cysteines in the transmembrane delta domain of the protein, reduced functionality in terms of enhancement of Ca(V)1.3alpha(1)/Ca(V)beta(3) currents. In addition, co-expression of the delta domain drastically inhibited macroscopic currents through recombinant Ca(V)1.3 channels possibly by affecting channel synthesis. Together these results provide several lines of evidence that the Ca(V)alpha(2)delta-1 auxiliary subunit may interact with Ca(V)1.3 channels and regulate their functional expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Andrade
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
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González-Ramírez R, Morales-Lázaro SL, Tapia-Ramírez V, Mornet D, Cisneros B. Nuclear and nuclear envelope localization of dystrophin Dp71 and dystrophin-associated proteins (DAPs) in the C2C12 muscle cells: DAPs nuclear localization is modulated during myogenesis. J Cell Biochem 2008; 105:735-45. [PMID: 18680104 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophin and dystrophin-associated proteins (DAPs) form a complex around the sarcolemma, which gives stability to the sarcolemma and leads signal transduction. Recently, the nuclear presence of dystrophin Dp71 and DAPs has been revealed in different non-muscle cell types, opening the possibility that these proteins could also be present in the nucleus of muscle cells. In this study, we analyzed by Immunofluorescence assays and Immunoblotting analysis of cell fractions the subcellular localization of Dp71 and DAPs in the C(2)C(12) muscle cell line. We demonstrated the presence of Dp71, alpha-sarcoglycan, alpha-dystrobrevin, beta-dystroglycan and alpha-syntrophin not only in plasma membrane but also in the nucleus of muscle cells. In addition, we found by Immunoprecipitation assays that these proteins form a nuclear complex. Interestingly, myogenesis modulates the presence and/or relative abundance of DAPs in the plasma membrane and nucleus as well as the composition of the nuclear complex. Finally, we demonstrated the presence of Dp71, alpha-sarcoglycan, beta-dystroglycan, alpha-dystrobrevin and alpha-syntrophin in the C(2)C(12) nuclear envelope fraction. Interestingly, alpha-sarcoglycan and beta-dystroglycan proteins showed enrichment in the nuclear envelope, compared with the nuclear fraction, suggesting that they could function as inner nuclear membrane proteins underlying the secondary association of Dp71 and the remaining DAPs to the nuclear envelope. Nuclear envelope localization of Dp71 and DAPs might be involved in the nuclear envelope-associated functions, such as nuclear structure and modulation of nuclear processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R González-Ramírez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, México, DF, Mexico
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Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Villarreal-Silva M, González-Ramírez R, García-Sierra F, Mondragón M, Mondragón R, Cerna J, Cisneros B. Neuronal differentiation modulates the dystrophin Dp71d binding to the nuclear matrix. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 375:303-7. [PMID: 18687308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The function of dystrophin Dp71 in neuronal cells remains unknown. To approach this issue, we have selected the PC12 neuronal cell line. These cells express both a Dp71f cytoplasmic variant and a Dp71d nuclear isoform. In this study, we demonstrated by electron and confocal microscopy analyses of in situ nuclear matrices and Western blotting evaluation of cell extracts that Dp71d associates with the nuclear matrix. Interestingly, this binding is modulated during NGF-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells with a twofold increment in the differentiated cells, compared to control cells. Also, distribution of Dp71d along the periphery of the nuclear matrix observed in the undifferentiated cells is replaced by intense fluorescent foci localized in the center of the nucleoskeletal structure. In summary, we revealed that Dp71d is a dynamic component of nuclear matrix that might participate in the nuclear modeling occurring during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Apartado Postal 14-740, C.P. 07360, México D.F., Mexico
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Fuentes-Mera L, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, González-Ramírez R, García-Sierra F, González E, Mornet D, Cisneros B. Characterization of a novel Dp71 dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) present in the nucleus of HeLa cells: members of the nuclear DAPC associate with the nuclear matrix. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:3023-35. [PMID: 16824516 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Revised: 05/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophin is an essential component in the assembly and maintenance of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC), which includes members of the dystroglycan, syntrophin, sarcoglycan and dystrobrevin protein families. Distinctive complexes have been described in the cell membrane of different tissues and cultured cells. In this work, we report the identification and characterization of a novel DAPC present in the nuclei of HeLa cells, which contains dystrophin Dp71 as a key component. Using confocal microscopy and cell fractionation analyses, we found the presence of Dp71, beta-sarcoglycan, beta-dystroglycan, alpha- and beta-syntrophin, alpha1- and beta-dystrobrevin and nNOS in the nuclei of HeLa cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments that most of these proteins form a complex in the nuclear compartment. Next, we analyze the possible association of the nuclear DAPC with the nuclear matrix. We found the presence of Dp71, beta-dystroglycan, nNOS, beta-sarcoglycan, alpha/beta syntrophin, alpha1-dystrobrevin and beta-dystrobrevin in the nuclear matrix protein fractions and in situ nuclear matrix preparations from HeLa cells. Moreover, we found that Dp71, beta-dystroglycan and beta-dystrobrevin co-immunoprecipitated with the nuclear matrix proteins lamin B1 and actin. The association of members of the nuclear DAPC with the nuclear matrix indicates that they may work as scaffolding proteins involved in nuclear architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Fuentes-Mera
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Apartado Postal 14-740, C.P. 07000, México D.F., México
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