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Xiong Z, Li Z, Sima X, Zeng Z. Astaxanthin reduces TBPH-induced neurobehavioral deficits in mice by the ROS-ERK1/2-FOS pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116674. [PMID: 38964056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The persistence of the novel brominated flame retardant, bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), in the environment and its potential for bioaccumulation in living organisms, including humans, further exacerbate its health risks. Therefore, ongoing research is crucial for fully understanding the extent of TBPH's neurotoxicity and for developing effective mitigation strategies. This study aims to investigate the potential neurotoxicity of TBPH on mouse neurobehavior and to evaluate the protective effects of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin (AST) against TBPH-induced neurotoxicity. The results indicate that exposure to TBPH can lead to a decline in learning and memory abilities and abnormal behaviors in mice, which may be associated with oxidative stress responses and apoptosis in the hippocampus. TBPH may disrupt the normal function of hippocampal neurons by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. Mice exposed to TBPH treated with AST showed improved learning and memory abilities in the Morris water maze (MWM) and Step-down test (SDT). AST, through its antioxidant action, was able to significantly reduce the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels induced by TBPH, the increased expression of apoptosis markers, and the activation of the ERK1/2-FOS signaling pathway, alleviating TBPH-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons and improving neurobehavioral outcomes. These findings suggest that AST may alleviate the neurotoxicity of TBPH by modulating molecular events related to apoptosis and the ERK1/2-FOS signaling pathway. Thus, this study provides evidence for AST as a potential interventional strategy for the prevention or treatment of cognitive decline associated with environmental neurotoxicant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiangxi 332000, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China
| | - Xueqin Sima
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China.
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China.
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Rossi N, Grosso C, Delerue-Matos C. Shrimp Waste Upcycling: Unveiling the Potential of Polysaccharides, Proteins, Carotenoids, and Fatty Acids with Emphasis on Extraction Techniques and Bioactive Properties. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:153. [PMID: 38667770 PMCID: PMC11051396 DOI: 10.3390/md22040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Shrimp processing generates substantial waste, which is rich in valuable components such as polysaccharides, proteins, carotenoids, and fatty acids. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the valorization of shrimp waste, mainly shrimp shells, focusing on extraction methods, bioactivities, and potential applications of these bioactive compounds. Various extraction techniques, including chemical extraction, microbial fermentation, enzyme-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and pressurized techniques are discussed, highlighting their efficacy in isolating polysaccharides, proteins, carotenoids, and fatty acids from shrimp waste. Additionally, the bioactivities associated with these compounds, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties, among others, are elucidated, underscoring their potential in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications. Furthermore, the review explores current and potential utilization avenues for these bioactive compounds, emphasizing the importance of sustainable resource management and circular economy principles in maximizing the value of shrimp waste. Overall, this review paper aims to provide insights into the multifaceted aspects of shrimp waste valorization, offering valuable information for researchers, industries, and policymakers interested in sustainable resource utilization and waste-management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (N.R.); (C.D.-M.)
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3
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Massri AJ, Fitzpatrick M, Cunny H, Li JL, Harry GJ. Differential gene expression profiling implicates altered network development in rat postnatal day 4 cortex following 4-Methylimidazole (4-MeI) induced maternal seizures. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 100:107301. [PMID: 37783441 PMCID: PMC10843020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Compromised maternal health leading to maternal seizures can have adverse effects on the healthy development of offspring. This may be the result of inflammation, hypoxia-ischemia, and altered GABA signaling. The current study examined cortical tissue from F2b (2nd litter of the 2nd generation) postnatal day 4 (PND4) offspring of female Harlan SD rats chronically exposed to the seizuregenic compound, 4-Methylimidazole (0, 750, or 2500 ppm 4-MeI). Maternal seizures were evident only at 2500 ppm 4-MeI. GABA related gene expression as examined by qRT-PCR and whole genome microarray showed no indication of disrupted GABA or glutamatergic signaling. Canonical pathway hierarchical clustering and multi-omics combinatory genomic (CNet) plots of differentially expressed genes (DEG) showed alterations in genes associated with regulatory processes of cell development including neuronal differentiation and synaptogenesis. Functional enrichment analysis showed a similarity of cellular processes across the two exposure groups however, the genes comprising each cluster were primarily unique rather than shared and often showed different directionality. A dose-related induction of cytokine signaling was indicated however, pathways associated with individual cytokine signaling were not elevated, suggesting an alternative involvement of cytokine signaling. Pathways related to growth process and cell signaling showed a negative activation supporting an interpretation of disruption or delay in developmental processes at the 2500 ppm 4-MeI exposure level with maternal seizures. Thus, while GABA signaling was not altered as has been observed with maternal seizures, the pattern of DEG suggested a potential for alteration in neuronal network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdull J Massri
- Integrative Bioinformatics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mackenzie Fitzpatrick
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Helen Cunny
- Office of the Scientific Director, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - G Jean Harry
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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4
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Khakha N, Khan H, Kaur A, Singh TG. Therapeutic implications of phosphorylation- and dephosphorylation-dependent factors of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) in neurodegeneration. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1152-1165. [PMID: 37688751 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a condition of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by loss of neural structures and function. The most common neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), motor neuron disorders, psychological disorders, dementia with vascular dementia (VaD), Lewy body dementia (DLB), epilepsy, cerebral ischemia, mental illness, and behavioral disorders. CREB (cAMP-response element-binding protein) represent a nuclear protein that regulates gene transcriptional activity. The primary focus of the review pertains to the exploration of CREB expression and activation within the context of neurodegenerative diseases, specifically in relation to the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events that occur within the CREB signaling pathway under normal physiological conditions. The findings mentioned have contributed to the elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms governing CREB activity. Additionally, they have provided valuable insights into the potential mediation of diverse biological processes, such as memory consolidation and neuroprotective effects, by various related studies. The promotion of synaptic plasticity and neurodevelopment in the central nervous system through the targeting of CREB proteins has the potential to contribute to the prevention or delay of the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. Multiple drugs have been found to initiate downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuroprotective advantages in both animal model studies and clinical trials. The clinical importance of the cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) is examined in this article, encompassing its utility as both a predictive/prognostic marker and a target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilima Khakha
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
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Madireddy S, Madireddy S. Therapeutic Strategies to Ameliorate Neuronal Damage in Epilepsy by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neuroinflammation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050784. [PMID: 37239256 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder involving spontaneous and recurring seizures that affects 50 million individuals globally. Because approximately one-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to drug therapy, the development of new therapeutic strategies against epilepsy could be beneficial. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are frequently observed in epilepsy. Additionally, neuroinflammation is increasingly understood to contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also recognized for its contributions to neuronal excitability and apoptosis, which can lead to neuronal loss in epilepsy. This review focuses on the roles of oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, NAPDH oxidase, the blood-brain barrier, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation in the development of epilepsy. We also review the therapies used to treat epilepsy and prevent seizures, including anti-seizure medications, anti-epileptic drugs, anti-inflammatory therapies, and antioxidant therapies. In addition, we review the use of neuromodulation and surgery in the treatment of epilepsy. Finally, we present the role of dietary and nutritional strategies in the management of epilepsy, including the ketogenic diet and the intake of vitamins, polyphenols, and flavonoids. By reviewing available interventions and research on the pathophysiology of epilepsy, this review points to areas of further development for therapies that can manage epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahithi Madireddy
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Khatoon S, Samim M, Dahalia M. Fisetin provides neuroprotection in pentylenetetrazole-induced cognition impairment by upregulating CREB/BDNF. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 944:175583. [PMID: 36764352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fisetin is a flavonoid molecule known to be neuroprotective by its multiple mechanisms. The present study was designed to explore the effect of fisetin in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice. METHODS Kindling was established by the intraperitoneal administration of PTZ in a subconvulsive dose (25 mg/kg). Mice were administered fisetin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) to study its probable cognition-enhancing effect. The kindled mice were evaluated for cognition using behavioral tests-elevated plus maze and passive avoidance response. Then, the oxidative stress markers, gene expressions and neurotransmitters levels were estimated in the hippocampus and cortex of mice. RESULTS Passive avoidance response and elevated plus maze paradigms showed that fisetin administration improved the cognitive function in kindled mice. The increased levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl were modulated upon fisetin administration through increasing the levels of antioxidants (reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) in the hippocampus and cortex of kindled mice. Upregulated gene expressions of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were observed in the hippocampus and cortex of fisetin-administered mice which play a crucial role in cognitive function. Furthermore, alterations of neurotransmitter levels (dopamine, GABA, and glutamate) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were ameliorated by fisetin administration in the hippocampus and cortex of kindled mice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a therapeutic potential of fisetin against cognitive dysfunction associated with PTZ-induced kindling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Khatoon
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammed Samim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mansi Dahalia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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Li Q, Zhang J, Guan X, Lu Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Xu N, Cai C, Nan B, Li X, Liu J, Wang Y. Metabolite analysis of soybean oil on promoting astaxanthin production of Phaffia rhodozyma. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2997-3005. [PMID: 36448538 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with strong antioxidant property. In addition, it has anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and many other functions. The micro-organisms that mainly produce astaxanthin are Haematococcus pluvialis and Phaffia rhodozyma. Compared with H. pluvialis, P. rhodozyma has shorter fermentation cycle and easier to control culture conditions, but the yield of astaxanthin in P. rhodozyma is low. This article studied how to improve the astaxanthin production of P. rhodozyma. RESULTS The results showed that when 10 mL L-1 soybean oil was added to the culture medium, astaxanthin production increased significantly, reaching 7.35 mg L-1 , which was 1.4 times that of the control group, and lycopene and β-carotene contents also increased significantly. Through targeted metabolite analysis, the fatty acids in P. rhodozyma significantly increased under the soybean oil stimulation, especially the fatty acids closely related to the formation of astaxanthin esters, included palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9), linoleic acid (C18:2n6), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3) and γ-linolenic acid (C18:3n6), thereby increasing the astaxanthin esters content. CONCLUSION It showed that the addition of soybean oil can promote the accumulation of astaxanthin by promoting the increase of astaxanthin ester content. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingru Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhong Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yankai Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyu Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China
- National Processing Laboratory for Soybean Industry and Technology, Changchun, China
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Wang Y, Chen X, Baker JS, Davison GW, Xu S, Zhou Y, Bao X. Astaxanthin promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant capacity in chronic high-intensity interval training. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1453-1466. [PMID: 36650315 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are required for exercise-induced molecular adaptations; however, excessive exercise may cause cellular oxidative distress. We postulate that astaxanthin (ASX) can neutralize oxidative distress and stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in high-intensity exercise-trained mice. METHODS Six-week-old mice (n = 8/group) were treated with ASX (10 mg/kg BW) or placebo. Training groups participated in 30 min/day high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for 6 weeks. Gastrocnemius muscle was collected and assayed following the exercise training period. RESULTS Compared to the HIIT control mice, the ASX-treated HIIT mice reduced malonaldehyde levels and upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and FOXO3a. Meanwhile, the genes NQO1 and GCLC, modulated by Nrf2, and SOD2, regulated by FOXO3a, and GPx4, were transcriptionally upregulated in the ASX-treated HIIT group. Meanwhile, the expression of energy sensors, AMPK, SIRT1, and SIRT3, increased in the ASX-treated HIIT group compared to the HIIT control group. Additionally, PGC-1α, regulated by AMPK and SIRT1, was upregulated in the ASX-treated HIIT group. Further, the increased PGC-1α stimulated the transcript of NRF1 and Tfam and mitochondrial proteins IDH2 and ATP50. Finally, the ASX-treated HIIT mice had upregulations in the transcript level of mitochondrial fusion factors, including Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1. However, the protein level of AMPK, SIRT1, and FOXO3a, and the transcript level of Nrf2, NQO1, PGC-1α, NRF1, Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1 decreased in the HIIT control group compared to the sedentary control group. CONCLUSION Supplementation with ASX can reduce oxidative stress and promote antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis during strenuous HIIT exercise in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Julien S Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, 999077, HK, People's Republic of China
| | - Gareth W Davison
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, BT37 0QB, UK
| | - Shujun Xu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingsong Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Sun Q, Xu W, Piao J, Su J, Ge T, Cui R, Yang W, Li B. Transcription factors are potential therapeutic targets in epilepsy. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4875-4885. [PMID: 36065764 PMCID: PMC9549512 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Academics generally believe that imbalance between excitation and inhibition of the nervous system is the root cause of epilepsy. However, the aetiology of epilepsy is complex, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Many studies have shown that epilepsy is closely related to genetic factors. Additionally, the involvement of a variety of tumour‐related transcription factors in the pathogenesis of epilepsy has been confirmed, which also confirms the heredity of epilepsy. In this review, we summarize the existing research on a variety of transcription factors and epilepsy and present relevant evidence related to transcription factors that may be targets in epilepsy. This information is of great significance for revealing the in‐depth molecular and cellular mechanisms of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihan Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Piao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyun Su
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tongtong Ge
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Aneesh P, Ajeeshkumar K, Lekshmi R, Anandan R, Ravishankar C, Mathew S. Bioactivities of astaxanthin from natural sources, augmenting its biomedical potential: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Lin X, Bo H, Gu J, Yi X, Zhang P, Liu R, Li H, Sun G, Lin CH. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid antioxidant, pretreatment alleviates cognitive deficits in aircraft noised mice by attenuating inflammatory and oxidative damage to the gut, heart and hippocampus. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112777. [PMID: 35255410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We first explore whether aircraft noise (AN) induces cognitive deficit via inducing oxidative damage in multiple vital organs including intestines, hearts and hippocampus tissues. Second, we explore whether the AN-induced cognitive deficits and inflammatory and oxidative damage to multiple organs can be alleviated by Astaxanthin (AX) pretreatment. METHODS Cognitive deficits were induced by subjecting the mice to AN 2 h daily for 7 consecutive days. An intragastrical dose of AX emulsifier (at the dose of daily feed intake [6 g] of a mouse three times weekly) was given to mice for consecutive 8 weeks prior to the start of AN. Cognitive functions were evaluated by using passive avoidance apparatus, Y-maze, Morris water maze and novel recognition test. Intestinal permeability was determined by measuring the intestinal clearance of fluorescein-isothiocyante. Evans Blue extravasation assay was used to measure the permeability of blood-brain-barrier. Inflammatory and oxidative damage to multiple organs were determined by measuring several pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indicators in intestines; hearts and hippocampus. RESULTS Mice treated with AN displayed exacerbated stress reactions, cognitive deficits, gut barrier hyperpermeability, increased upload of lipopolysaccharide translocation, systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines overproduction, blood-brain-barrier hyperpermeability, hippocampal neuroinflammation and increased levels of oxidative stress indicators in intestine, heart and hippocampus. All of the above-mentioned disorders caused by AN were significantly (P < 0.05) reversed by AX. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that AX pretreatment alleviates cognitive deficits in aircraft noised mice by attenuating inflammatory and oxidative damage to intestines, hearts and hippocampal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Orthopedics Institute of Chinese PLA, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province 250013, PR China; Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Hongjian Bo
- Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, No. 6 South 10 The Science and Technology Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jia Gu
- Department of Pathology, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province 250013, PR China
| | - Xueqing Yi
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ruoxu Liu
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, No. 6 South 10 The Science and Technology Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Pietrasik S, Cichon N, Bijak M, Gorniak L, Saluk-Bijak J. Carotenoids from Marine Sources as a New Approach in Neuroplasticity Enhancement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041990. [PMID: 35216103 PMCID: PMC8877331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of people experience disorders related to the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, new forms of therapy, which may be helpful in repairing processes' enhancement and restoring declined brain functions, are constantly being sought. One of the most relevant physiological processes occurring in the brain for its entire life is neuroplasticity. It has tremendous significance concerning CNS disorders since neurological recovery mainly depends on restoring its structural and functional organization. The main factors contributing to nerve tissue damage are oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence, marine carotenoids, abundantly occurring in the aquatic environment, being potent antioxidant compounds, may play a pivotal role in nerve cell protection. Furthermore, recent results revealed another valuable characteristic of these compounds in CNS therapy. By inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, carotenoids promote synaptogenesis and neurogenesis, consequently presenting neuroprotective activity. Therefore, this paper focuses on the carotenoids obtained from marine sources and their impact on neuroplasticity enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Pietrasik
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (S.P.); (J.S.-B.)
| | - Natalia Cichon
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Leslaw Gorniak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (S.P.); (J.S.-B.)
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Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Yaribeygi H, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Astaxanthin and Nrf2 signaling pathway: a novel target for new therapeutic approaches. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:312-321. [PMID: 33964864 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210505112834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a naturally occurring compound isolated from various sources such as fungi, plants, salmon, and crab. However, Haematococcus Pluvialis, a green alga, is the primary source of this beta carotenoid compound. AST has several favourable biological and pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diabetes, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective. Nevertheless, the exact molecular mechanisms of these protective effects of AST are unclear yet. The Nrf2 signaling pathway is one of the critical candidate signaling pathways that may be involved in these beneficial effects of AST. This signaling pathway is responsible for maintaining the redox balance in the physiologic state. Upon nuclear translocation, Nrf2 signaling activates antioxidant enzymes to reduce oxidative stress and protect cells against damage. In the current study, we have reviewed the effects of AST on the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which could potentially be developed as a novel therapeutic approach for the management of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- PhD student of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Habib Yaribeygi
- PhD student of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Molecular Mechanisms of Astaxanthin as a Potential Neurotherapeutic Agent. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19040201. [PMID: 33916730 PMCID: PMC8065559 DOI: 10.3390/md19040201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system that affect millions of people, and the numbers are rising gradually. In the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, the roles of many signaling pathways were elucidated; however, the exact pathophysiology of neurological disorders and possible effective therapeutics have not yet been precisely identified. This necessitates developing multi-target treatments, which would simultaneously modulate neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The present review aims to explore the potential therapeutic use of astaxanthin (ASX) in neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases. ASX, a member of the xanthophyll group, was found to be a promising therapeutic anti-inflammatory agent for many neurological disorders, including cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, autism, and neuropathic pain. An effective drug delivery system of ASX should be developed and further tested by appropriate clinical trials.
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Marine Biocompounds for Neuroprotection-A Review. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060290. [PMID: 32486409 PMCID: PMC7344849 DOI: 10.3390/md18060290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While terrestrial organisms are the primary source of natural products, recent years have witnessed a considerable shift towards marine-sourced biocompounds. They have achieved a great scientific interest due to the plethora of compounds with structural and chemical properties generally not found in terrestrial products, exhibiting significant bioactivity ten times higher than terrestrial-sourced molecules. In addition to the antioxidant, anti-thrombotic, anti-coagulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, and cardio-protection properties, marine-sourced biocompounds have been investigated for their neuroprotective potential. Thus, this review aims to describe the recent findings regarding the neuroprotective effects of the significant marine-sourced biocompounds.
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Wang M, Deng X, Xie Y, Chen Y. Astaxanthin Attenuates Neuroinflammation in Status Epilepticus Rats by Regulating the ATP-P2X7R Signal. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1651-1662. [PMID: 32431490 PMCID: PMC7201036 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s249162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background As a life-threatening neurological emergency, status epilepticus (SE) is often refractory to available treatment. Current studies have shown a causal role of neuroinflammation in patients with lower seizure thresholds and driving seizures. The ATP-gated purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is mainly expressed on the microglia, which function as gatekeepers of inflammation. Although emerging evidence has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects of astaxanthin (AST) in SE, the associated mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the effects of AST on P2X7R-related inflammation in SE. Methods SE was induced in rats using lithium–pilocarpine, and AST was administered 1 h after SE induction. Rat microglia were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), AST, ATP, 2,3-O-4-benzoyl-4-benzoyl-ATP (BzATP) and oxidized ATP (oxATP). The Morris water maze, immunohistochemistry, and Nissl staining were performed in rats. Expressions of P2X7R and inflammatory cytokines (such as cycloxygenase-2 (Cox-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) both in rats and microglia. ATP concentration in the microglia was evaluated using ELISA. Results The AST alleviated hippocampal injury and improved cognitive dysfunction induced by SE. AST also effectively inhibited inflammation and downregulated P2X7R expression in both rat brain and microglia. The results also showed that AST reduced the extracellular ATP levels and that P2X7R expression could be increased by extracellular ATP. In addition, BzATP upregulates the expression of P2X7R and inflammatory factors in microglia. Conversely, it downregulates the expression of P2X7R and inflammatory factors. Conclusion Our study suggests that AST attenuated ATP-P2X7R mediated inflammation in SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Deng
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangmei Xie
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Teleanu RI, Chircov C, Grumezescu AM, Volceanov A, Teleanu DM. Antioxidant Therapies for Neuroprotection-A Review. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1659. [PMID: 31614572 PMCID: PMC6832623 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although moderate concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are crucial for various physiological processes within the human body, their overproduction leads to oxidative stress, defined as the imbalance between the production and accumulation of ROS and the ability of the body to neutralize and eliminate them. In the brain, oxidative stress exhibits significant effects, due to its increased metabolical activity and limited cellular regeneration. Thus, oxidative stress is a major factor in the progressive loss of neurons structures and functions, leading to the development of severe neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, recent years have witnessed tremendous advancements in the field of antioxidant therapies, with a special emphasis for neuroprotection. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms and to present the most recent studies on antioxidant therapies for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ioana Teleanu
- "Victor Gomoiu" Clinical Children's Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cristina Chircov
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Adrian Volceanov
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Daniel Mihai Teleanu
- Emergency University Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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Miao L, Chi S, Wu M, Liu Z, Li Y. Deregulation of phytoene-β-carotene synthase results in derepression of astaxanthin synthesis at high glucose concentration in Phaffia rhodozyma astaxanthin-overproducing strain MK19. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:133. [PMID: 31202260 PMCID: PMC6570914 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major obstacle to industrial-scale astaxanthin production by the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma is the strong inhibitory effect of high glucose concentration on astaxanthin synthesis. We investigated, for the first time, the mechanism of the regulatory effect of high glucose (> 100 g/L) at the metabolite and transcription levels. Results Total carotenoid, β-carotene, and astaxanthin contents were greatly reduced in wild-type JCM9042 at high (110 g/L) glucose; in particular, β-carotene content at 24–72 h was only 14–17% of that at low (40 g/L) glucose. The inhibitory effect of high glucose on astaxanthin synthesis appeared to be due mainly to repression of lycopene-to-β-carotene and β-carotene-to-astaxanthin steps in the pathway. Expression of carotenogenic genes crtE, pbs, and ast was also strongly inhibited by high glucose; such inhibition was mediated by creA, a global negative regulator of carotenogenic genes which is strongly induced by glucose. In contrast, astaxanthin-overproducing, glucose metabolic derepression mutant strain MK19 displayed de-inhibition of astaxanthin synthesis at 110 g/L glucose; this de-inhibition was due mainly to deregulation of pbs and ast expression, which in turn resulted from low creA expression. Failure of glucose to induce the genes reg1 and hxk2, which maintain CreA activity, also accounts for the fact that astaxanthin synthesis in MK19 was not repressed at high glucose. Conclusion We conclude that astaxanthin synthesis in MK19 at high glucose is enhanced primarily through derepression of carotenogenic genes (particularly pbs), and that this process is mediated by CreA, Reg1, and Hxk2 in the glucose signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengru Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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