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Colman R, Pierre P, Adriansjach J, Crosno K, Noguchi KK, Ikonomidou C. Behavioral and Cognitive Outcomes of Rhesus Macaques Following Neonatal Exposure to Antiseizure Medications. Ann Neurol 2023; 95:10.1002/ana.26794. [PMID: 37706347 PMCID: PMC10937326 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure of neonatal macaques to the antiseizure medications phenobarbital and midazolam (PbM) causes widespread apoptotic death of neurons and oligodendrocytes. We studied behavior and neurocognitive performance in 12 to 24 month-old macaques treated as neonates with PbM. METHODS A total of 14 monkeys received phenobarbital and midazolam over 24 hours under normothermia (n = 8) or mild hypothermia (n = 6). Controls (n = 8) received no treatment. Animals underwent testing in the human intruder paradigm at ages 12 and 18 months, and a 3-step stimulus discrimination task at ages 12, 18, and 24 months. RESULTS Animals treated with PbM displayed lower scores for environmental exploration, and higher scores for locomotion and vocalizations compared with controls. Combined PbM and hypothermia resulted in lower scores for aggression and vigilance at 12 months compared with controls and normothermic PbM animals. A mixed-effects generalized linear model was used to test for differences in neurocognitive performance between the control and PbM groups in the first step of the stimulus discrimination task battery (shape center baited to shape center non-baited). The odds of passing this step differed by group (p = 0.044). At any given age, the odds of passing for a control animal were 9.53-fold (95% CI 1.06-85) the odds for a PbM animal. There was also evidence suggesting a higher learning rate in the shape center non-baited for the control relative to the PbM group (Cox model HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.02-4.43; p = 0.044). INTERPRETATION These findings demonstrate that a 24-hour-long neonatal treatment with a clinically relevant combination of antiseizure medications can have long-lasting effects on behavior and cognition in nonhuman primates. ANN NEUROL 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricki Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine, Madison WI USA
| | - Peter Pierre
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison WI, USA
| | | | - Kristin Crosno
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison WI, USA
| | - Kevin K. Noguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, USA
| | - Chrysanthy Ikonomidou
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine, Madison WI USA
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Wang XV, Wang L. A literature survey of the robotic technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 2021; 60:823-836. [PMID: 33612914 PMCID: PMC7881735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the late 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has been spread all around the world. The pandemic is a critical challenge to the health and safety of the general public, the medical staff and the medical systems worldwide. It has been globally proposed to utilise robots during the pandemic, to improve the treatment of patients and leverage the load of the medical system. However, there is still a lack of detailed and systematic review of the robotic research for the pandemic, from the technologies' perspective. Thus a thorough literature survey is conducted in this research and more than 280 publications have been reviewed, with the focus on robotics during the pandemic. The main contribution of this literature survey is to answer two research questions, i.e. 1) what the main research contributions are to combat the pandemic from the robotic technologies' perspective, and 2) what the promising supporting technologies are needed during and after the pandemic to help and guide future robotics research. The current achievements of robotic technologies are reviewed and discussed in different categories, followed by the identification of the representative work's technology readiness level. The future research trends and essential technologies are then highlighted, including artificial intelligence, 5 G, big data, wireless sensor network, and human-robot collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Vincent Wang
- Department of Production Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Production Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
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Anterior thalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation inhibits mossy fiber sprouting via 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathway in a chronic epileptic monkey model. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:326-333. [PMID: 33410631 PMCID: PMC7846430 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective method of controlling epilepsy, especially temporal lobe epilepsy. Mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) plays an indispensable role in the pathogenesis and progression of epilepsy, but the effect of ATN-DBS on MFS in the chronic stage of epilepsy and the potential underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ATN-DBS on MFS, as well as potential signaling pathways by a kainic acid (KA)-induced epileptic model. Methods Twenty-four rhesus monkeys were randomly assigned to control, epilepsy (EP), EP-sham-DBS, and EP-DBS groups. KA was injected to establish the chronic epileptic model. The left ATN was implanted with a DBS lead and stimulated for 8 weeks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate MFS and levels of potential molecular mediators in the hippocampus. One-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey post hoc correction, was used to analyze the statistical significance of differences among multiple groups. Results ATN-DBS is found to significantly reduce seizure frequency in the chronic stage of epilepsy. The number of ectopic granule cells was reduced in monkeys that received ATN stimulation (P < 0.0001). Levels of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) in the hippocampus, together with Akt phosphorylation, were noticeably reduced in monkeys that received ATN stimulation (P = 0.0030 and P = 0.0001, respectively). ATN-DBS also significantly reduced MFS scores in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA3 sub-regions (all P < 0.0001). Conclusion ATN-DBS is shown to down-regulate the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and Akt phosphorylation and to reduce the number of ectopic granule cells, which may be associated with the reduced MFS in chronic epilepsy. The study provides further insights into the mechanism by which ATN-DBS reduces epileptic seizures.
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Du T, Chen Y, Shi L, Liu D, Liu Y, Yuan T, Zhang X, Zhu G, Zhang J. Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus relieves basal ganglia dysfunction in monkeys with temporal lobe epilepsy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 27:341-351. [PMID: 33085171 PMCID: PMC7871793 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus (ANT‐DBS) is effective in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Previous studies have shown that the basal ganglia are involved in seizure propagation in TLE, but the effects of ANT‐DBS on the basal ganglia have not been clarified. Methods ANT‐DBS was applied to monkeys with kainic acid–induced TLE using a robot‐assisted system. Behavior was monitored continuously. Immunofluorescence analysis and Western blotting were used to estimate protein expression levels in the basal ganglia and the effects of ANT stimulation. Results The seizure frequency decreased after ANT‐DBS. D1 and D2 receptor levels in the putamen and caudate were significantly higher in the ANT‐DBS group than in the epilepsy (EP) model. Neuronal loss and apoptosis were less severe in the ANT‐DBS group. Glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and globus pallidus internus (GPi) increased in the EP group but decreased after ANT‐DBS. γ‐Aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABAA‐R) decreased and glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) increased in the GPi of the EP group, whereas the reverse tendencies were observed after ANT‐DBS. Conclusion ANT‐DBS exerts neuroprotective effects on the caudate and putamen, enhances D1 and D2 receptor expression, and downregulates GPi overactivation, which enhanced the antiepileptic function of the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Du
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Defeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuye Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshuo Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
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Du TT, Zhu G, Chen Y, Shi L, Liu D, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang J. Anterior thalamic nucleus stimulation protects hippocampal neurons by activating autophagy in epileptic monkeys. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6324-6339. [PMID: 32267832 PMCID: PMC7185094 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT-DBS) is effective in treating temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and protects hippocampal neurons. Autophagy plays an essential role in epileptogenesis; however, the underlying effect of autophagy on ANT-DBS-mediated neuroprotection remains unclear. A monkey model of epilepsy was established by injecting kainic acid into the hippocampus and amygdala using a robot-assisted system. ANT-DBS was delivered in the chronic stage of the epileptic model and continued for 8 weeks. We found that ANT-DBS reduced the frequency of seizures and exerted neuroprotective effects via activating autophagy in hippocampal neurons. ANT-DBS increased light chain 3 (LC3) II level and co-localization of LC3 and lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1, accompanied by decreased expression of the autophagy substrate ubiquitin-binding protein p62, suggesting increased autophagosome formation. Most importantly, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) –tropomyosin-related kinase type B (TrkB) pathway were involved in the regulation of autophagy. Both protein levels were reduced by ANT-DBS, and there was less phosphorylation of downstream regulators, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt, followed by inactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Taken together, chronic ANT-DBS exerts neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neurons through inducing autophagy via suppressing the BDNF–TrkB pathway in a TLE monkey model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Du
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yingchuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Defeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yuye Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing 100070, China
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Parkinson's disease treatment: past, present, and future. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:785-791. [PMID: 32172471 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The substantial contributions of Dr. Gerald Stern to past and current treatments for Parkinson's disease patients are reviewed, which form the foundation for an evaluation of future options to control symptoms and halt progression of the disease. These opportunities will depend on a greater understanding of the relative contributions of the environment, genetic and epigenetic influences to disease onset, and promise to emerge as strategies for improving mitochondrial function, halting accumulation of synuclein and neuromelanin, in addition to refinement of stem cell and gene therapies. Such advances will be achieved through deployment of improved models for the disease.
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