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Troppoli TA, Yang C, Katsuki F, Uygun DS, Lin I, Aguilar DD, Spratt T, Basheer R, McNally JM, Savio Chan C, McKenna JT, Brown RE. Neuronal PAS domain 1 identifies a major subpopulation of wakefulness-promoting GABAergic neurons in the basal forebrain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321410121. [PMID: 38748575 PMCID: PMC11127008 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321410121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a group of basal forebrain (BF) neurons expressing neuronal Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain 1 (Npas1), a developmental transcription factor linked to neuropsychiatric disorders. Immunohistochemical staining in Npas1-cre-2A-TdTomato mice revealed BF Npas1+ neurons are distinct from well-studied parvalbumin or cholinergic neurons. Npas1 staining in GAD67-GFP knock-in mice confirmed that the vast majority of Npas1+ neurons are GABAergic, with minimal colocalization with glutamatergic neurons in vGlut1-cre-tdTomato or vGlut2-cre-tdTomato mice. The density of Npas1+ neurons was high, five to six times that of neighboring cholinergic, parvalbumin, or glutamatergic neurons. Anterograde tracing identified prominent projections of BF Npas1+ neurons to brain regions involved in sleep-wake control, motivated behaviors, and olfaction such as the lateral hypothalamus, lateral habenula, nucleus accumbens shell, ventral tegmental area, and olfactory bulb. Chemogenetic activation of BF Npas1+ neurons in the light period increased the amount of wakefulness and the latency to sleep for 2 to 3 h, due to an increase in long wake bouts and short NREM sleep bouts. NREM slow-wave and sigma power, as well as sleep spindle density, amplitude, and duration, were reduced, reminiscent of findings in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Together with previous findings implicating BF Npas1+ neurons in stress responsiveness, the anatomical projections of BF Npas1+ neurons and the effect of activating them suggest a possible role for BF Npas1+ neurons in motivationally driven wakefulness and stress-induced insomnia. Identification of this major subpopulation of BF GABAergic neurons will facilitate studies of their role in sleep disorders, dementia, and other neuropsychiatric conditions involving BF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Troppoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA02132
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA02132
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Boston Veterans Affairs (VA) Research Institute, Boston, MA02130
| | - Fumi Katsuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA02132
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - David S. Uygun
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA02132
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | | | - David D. Aguilar
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA02132
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Tristan Spratt
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA02132
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Radhika Basheer
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA02132
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Boston Veterans Affairs (VA) Research Institute, Boston, MA02130
| | - James M. McNally
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA02132
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Boston Veterans Affairs (VA) Research Institute, Boston, MA02130
| | - C. Savio Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - James T. McKenna
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA02132
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Boston Veterans Affairs (VA) Research Institute, Boston, MA02130
| | - Ritchie E. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA02132
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Boston Veterans Affairs (VA) Research Institute, Boston, MA02130
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Carpi M, Palagini L, Fernandes M, Calvello C, Geoffroy PA, Miniati M, Pini S, Gemignani A, Mercuri NB, Liguori C. Clinical usefulness of dual orexin receptor antagonism beyond insomnia: Neurological and psychiatric comorbidities. Neuropharmacology 2024; 245:109815. [PMID: 38114045 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Orexin is a neurotransmitter produced by a small group of hypothalamic neurons. Besides its well-known role in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, the orexin system was shown to be relevant in several physiological functions including cognition, mood and emotion modulation, and energy homeostasis. Indeed, the implication of orexin neurotransmission in neurological and psychiatric diseases has been hypothesized via a direct effect exerted by the projections of orexin neurons to several brain areas, and via an indirect effect through orexin-mediated modulation of sleep and wake. Along with the growing evidence concerning the use of dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) in the treatment of insomnia, studies assessing their efficacy in insomnia comorbid with psychiatric and neurological diseases have been set in order to investigate the potential impact of DORAs on both sleep-related symptoms and disease-specific manifestations. This narrative review aimed at summarizing the current evidence on the use of DORAs in neurological and psychiatric conditions comorbid with insomnia, also discussing the possible implication of modulating the orexin system for improving the burden of symptoms and the pathological mechanisms of these disorders. Target searches were performed on PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases and ongoing studies registered on Clinicaltrials.gov were reviewed. Despite some contradictory findings, preclinical studies seemingly support the possible beneficial role of orexin antagonism in the management of the most common neurological and psychiatric diseases with sleep-related comorbidities. However, clinical research is still limited and further studies are needed for corroborating these promising preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Carpi
- Sleep and Epilepsy Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Palagini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana AUOP, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mariana Fernandes
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carmen Calvello
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pierre Alexis Geoffroy
- Département de Psychiatrie et D'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat - Claude Bernard, F-75018, Paris, France; GHU Paris - Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France; Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, FHU I2-D2, F-75019, Paris, France.
| | - Mario Miniati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana AUOP, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Pini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana AUOP, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Unit of Psychology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana AUOP, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Claudio Liguori
- Sleep and Epilepsy Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Troppoli TA, Yang C, Katsuki F, Uygun DS, Lin I, Aguilar D, Spratt T, Basheer R, McNally JM, Chan CS, McKenna JT, Brown RE. Neuronal PAS domain 1 identifies a major subpopulation of wakefulness-promoting GABAergic neurons in basal forebrain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.09.566065. [PMID: 37986953 PMCID: PMC10659409 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.566065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe a novel group of basal forebrain (BF) neurons expressing neuronal PAS domain 1 (Npas1), a developmental transcription factor linked to neuropsychiatric disorders. Immunohistochemical staining in Npas1-cre-2A-TdTomato mice revealed BF Npas1 + neurons are distinct from well-studied parvalbumin or cholinergic neurons. Npas1 staining in GAD67-GFP knock-in mice confirmed that the vast majority of Npas1 + neurons are GABAergic, with minimal colocalization with glutamatergic neurons in vGlut1-cre-tdTomato or vGlut2-cre-tdTomato mice. The density of Npas1 + neurons was high, 5-6 times that of neighboring cholinergic, parvalbumin or glutamatergic neurons. Anterograde tracing identified prominent projections of BF Npas1 + neurons to brain regions involved in sleep-wake control, motivated behaviors and olfaction such as the lateral hypothalamus, lateral habenula, nucleus accumbens shell, ventral tegmental area and olfactory bulb. Chemogenetic activation of BF Npas1 + neurons in the light (inactive) period increased the amount of wakefulness and the latency to sleep for 2-3 hr, due to an increase in long wake bouts and short NREM sleep bouts. Non-REM slow-wave (0-1.5 Hz) and sigma (9-15 Hz) power, as well as sleep spindle density, amplitude and duration, were reduced, reminiscent of findings in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Together with previous findings implicating BF Npas1 + neurons in stress responsiveness, the anatomical projections of BF Npas1 + neurons and the effect of activating them suggest a possible role for BF Npas1 + neurons in motivationally-driven wakefulness and stress-induced insomnia. Identification of this major subpopulation of BF GABAergic neurons will facilitate studies of their role in sleep disorders, dementia and other neuropsychiatric conditions involving BF. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We characterize a group of basal forebrain (BF) neurons in the mouse expressing neuronal PAS domain 1 (Npas1), a developmental transcription factor linked to neuropsychiatric disorders. BF Npas1 + neurons are a major subset of GABAergic neurons distinct and more numerous than cholinergic, parvalbumin or glutamate neurons. BF Npas1 + neurons target brain areas involved in arousal, motivation and olfaction. Activation of BF Npas1 + neurons in the light (inactive) period increased wakefulness and the latency to sleep due to increased long wake bouts. Non-REM sleep slow waves and spindles were reduced reminiscent of findings in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Identification of this major subpopulation of BF GABAergic wake-promoting neurons will allow studies of their role in insomnia, dementia and other conditions involving BF.
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Romigi A, Brown RE. Editorial: Consequences of sleep deprivation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1254248. [PMID: 37592947 PMCID: PMC10431962 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1254248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Romigi
- IRCCS Neuromed Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Pozzilli (IS), Pozzilli, Italy
- Universita Telematica Internazionale UNINETTUNO, Rome, Italy
| | - Ritchie Edward Brown
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, West Roxbury, MA, United States
- Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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Brown RE, de Lecea L. Editorial: Insights in sleep and circadian rhythms: 2021. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1133907. [PMID: 36733335 PMCID: PMC9887309 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1133907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ritchie E. Brown
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Ritchie E. Brown ✉ ; ✉
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Luis de Lecea ✉
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Brown RE, Kaplan GB. Introduction to special issue: Sleep and arousal in health and disease. Brain Res Bull 2022; 188:131-132. [PMID: 35918033 PMCID: PMC9903342 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritchie E Brown
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Psychiatry, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA.
| | - Gary B Kaplan
- Mental Health Service (151), VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA 02312, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Stommel EW, Lachmann I, Waniek K, Chao CK, González-Maciel A, García-Rojas E, Torres-Jardón R, Delgado-Chávez R, Mukherjee PS. TDP-43 CSF Concentrations Increase Exponentially with Age in Metropolitan Mexico City Young Urbanites Highly Exposed to PM 2.5 and Ultrafine Particles and Historically Showing Alzheimer and Parkinson's Hallmarks. Brain TDP-43 Pathology in MMC Residents Is Associated with High Cisternal CSF TDP-43 Concentrations. TOXICS 2022; 10:559. [PMID: 36287840 PMCID: PMC9611594 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ultrafine particle matter (UFPM) are associated with overlapping Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) hallmark protein pathologies in young Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) urbanites. We measured CSF concentrations of TDP-43 in 194 urban residents, including 92 MMC children aged 10.2 ± 4.7 y exposed to PM2.5 levels above the USEPA annual standard and to high UFPM and 26 low pollution controls (11.5 ± 4.4 y); 43 MMC adults (42.3 ± 15.9 y) and 14 low pollution adult controls (33.1 ± 12.0 y); and 19 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients (52.4 ± 14.1 y). TDP-43 neuropathology and cisternal CSF data from 20 subjects—15 MMC (41.1 ± 18.9 y) and 5 low pollution controls (46 ± 16.01 y)—were included. CSF TDP-43 exponentially increased with age (p < 0.0001) and it was higher for MMC residents. TDP-43 cisternal CSF levels of 572 ± 208 pg/mL in 6/15 MMC autopsy cases forecasted TDP-43 in the olfactory bulb, medulla and pons, reticular formation and motor nuclei neurons. A 16 y old with TDP-43 cisternal levels of 1030 pg/mL exhibited TDP-43 pathology and all 15 MMC autopsy cases exhibited AD and PD hallmarks. Overlapping TDP-43, AD and PD pathologies start in childhood in urbanites with high exposures to PM2.5 and UFPM. Early, sustained exposures to PM air pollution represent a high risk for developing brains and MMC UFPM emissions sources ought to be clearly identified, regulated, monitored and controlled. Prevention of deadly neurologic diseases associated with air pollution ought to be a public health priority and preventive medicine is key.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- College of Health, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Elijah W. Stommel
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | | | - Chih-Kai Chao
- College of Health, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | | | | | - Ricardo Torres-Jardón
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Partha S. Mukherjee
- Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India
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Katsuki F, Gerashchenko D, Brown RE. Alterations of sleep oscillations in Alzheimer's disease: A potential role for GABAergic neurons in the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus. Brain Res Bull 2022; 187:181-198. [PMID: 35850189 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sleep abnormalities are widely reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are linked to cognitive impairments. Sleep abnormalities could be potential biomarkers to detect AD since they are often observed at the preclinical stage. Moreover, sleep could be a target for early intervention to prevent or slow AD progression. Thus, here we review changes in brain oscillations observed during sleep, their connection to AD pathophysiology and the role of specific brain circuits. Slow oscillations (0.1-1 Hz), sleep spindles (8-15 Hz) and their coupling during non-REM sleep are consistently reduced in studies of patients and in AD mouse models although the timing and magnitude of these alterations depends on the pathophysiological changes and the animal model studied. Changes in delta (1-4 Hz) activity are more variable. Animal studies suggest that hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (100-250 Hz) are also affected. Reductions in REM sleep amount and slower oscillations during REM are seen in patients but less consistently in animal models. Thus, changes in a variety of sleep oscillations could impact sleep-dependent memory consolidation or restorative functions of sleep. Recent mechanistic studies suggest that alterations in the activity of GABAergic neurons in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamic reticular nucleus mediate sleep oscillatory changes in AD and represent a potential target for intervention. Longitudinal studies of the timing of AD-related sleep abnormalities with respect to pathology and dysfunction of specific neural networks are needed to identify translationally relevant biomarkers and guide early intervention strategies to prevent or delay AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Katsuki
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Psychiatry, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA.
| | - Dmitry Gerashchenko
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Psychiatry, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
| | - Ritchie E Brown
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Psychiatry, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
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