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Mejri N, Benna HE, M'ghirbi F, Labidi S, Daoud N, Boussen H. Biological features of inflammatory breast cancer in North Africa: burden and research priorities. BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to review all published literature reporting biological data about inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) in populations from North Africa. Methods: We reviewed all studies that evaluated biological features of IBC in six North African countries between 1990 and 2017. Among 118 screened studies, 13 were included, none about Mauritania/Libya. Results: Across the studies, hormonal receptors were positive in 46–69% of cases, reaching 83% in Algeria. HER2 was overexpressed in 25–39% of cases. Recombinant human C protein expression was the highest in Egyptian patients (87%) compared with other North African populations. Using mRNA expression recombinant human C protein was expressed in 83% of Tunisian patients. WISP3 gene expression showed positive immunohistochemistry staining in 17% and mRNA expression in 26.8% of IBC. Conclusion: Biological aspects of IBC across North Africa show important similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Mejri
- Medical Oncology Department, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, University of Medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houda El Benna
- Medical Oncology Department, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, University of Medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fehmi M'ghirbi
- Medical Oncology Department, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, University of Medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Labidi
- Medical Oncology Department, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, University of Medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Daoud
- Medical Oncology Department, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, University of Medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Boussen
- Medical Oncology Department, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, University of Medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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2
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Soliman AS, Kleer CG, Mrad K, Karkouri M, Omar S, Khaled HM, Benider AL, Ayed FB, Eissa SS, Eissa MS, McSpadden EJ, Lo AC, Toy K, Kantor ED, Xiao Q, Hampton C, Merajver SD. Inflammatory breast cancer in north Africa: comparison of clinical and molecular epidemiologic characteristics of patients from Egypt, Tunisia, and Morocco. Breast Dis 2014; 33:159-69. [PMID: 23001584 DOI: 10.3233/bd-2012-000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding molecular characteristics that distinguish inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) from non-IBC is crucial for elucidating breast cancer etiology and management. We included 3 sets of patients from Egypt (48 IBC and 64 non-IBC), Tunisia (24 IBC and 40 non-IBC), and Morocco (42 IBC and 41 non-IBC). Egyptian IBC patients had the highest combined erythema, edema, peau d'orange, and metastasis among the 3 IBC groups. Egyptian IBC tumors had the highest RhoC expression than Tunisians and Moroccan IBCs (87% vs. 50%, vs. 38.1, for the 3 countries, respectively). Tumor emboli were more frequent in Egyptian IBC than non-IBC (Mean ± SD: 14.1 ± 14.0 vs. 7.0 ± 12.9, respectively) (P < 0.001) and Tunisians (Mean ± SD: 3.4 ± 2.5 vs. 1.9 ± 2.0, respectively) (P < 0.01). There was no difference of emboli in Moroccan tumors (1.7 ± 1.2 vs. 1.8 ± 1.2 for IBC and non-IBC, respectively (P=0.66). This study illustrates that RhoC overexpression and tumor emboli are more frequent in IBC relative to non-IBC from Egypt and Tunisia. Tumors of Moroccans were significantly different from Egyptian and Tunisian tumors for RhoC expression and emboli. Future studies should focus on relating epidemiologic factors and clinical pictures to molecular features of IBC in these and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr S Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 68198-4395, USA.
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RhoA and RhoC differentially modulate estrogen receptor α recruitment, transcriptional activities, and expression in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:2079-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Fernandez SV, Robertson FM, Pei J, Aburto-Chumpitaz L, Mu Z, Chu K, Alpaugh RK, Huang Y, Cao Y, Ye Z, Cai KQ, Boley KM, Klein-Szanto AJ, Devarajan K, Addya S, Cristofanilli M. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC): clues for targeted therapies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 140:23-33. [PMID: 23784380 PMCID: PMC4273486 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive type of advanced breast cancer characterized by rapid proliferation, early metastatic development and poor prognosis. Since there are few preclinical models of IBC, there is a general lack of understanding of the complexity of the disease. Recently, we have developed a new model of IBC derived from the pleural effusion of a woman with metastatic secondary IBC. FC-IBC02 cells are triple negative and form clusters (mammospheres) in suspension that are strongly positive for E-cadherin, β-catenin and TSPAN24, all adhesion molecules that play an important role in cell migration and invasion. FC-IBC02 cells expressed stem cell markers and some, but not all of the characteristics of cells undergoing epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Breast tumor FC-IBC02 xenografts developed quickly in SCID mice with the presence of tumor emboli and the development of lymph node and lung metastases. Remarkably, FC-IBC02 cells were able to produce brain metastasis in mice on intracardiac or intraperitoneal injections. Genomic studies of FC-IBC02 and other IBC cell lines showed that IBC cells had important amplification of 8q24 where MYC, ATAD2 and the focal adhesion kinase FAK1 are located. MYC and ATAD2 showed between 2.5 and 7 copies in IBC cells. FAK1, which plays important roles in anoikis resistance and tumor metastasis, showed 6–4 copies in IBC cells. Also, CD44 was amplified in triple-negative IBC cells (10–3 copies). Additionally, FC-IBC02 showed amplification of ALK and NOTCH3. These results indicate that MYC, ATAD2, CD44, NOTCH3, ALK and/or FAK1 may be used as potential targeted therapies against IBC.
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Suarez-Arroyo IJ, Rosario-Acevedo R, Aguilar-Perez A, Clemente PL, Cubano LA, Serrano J, Schneider RJ, Martínez-Montemayor MM. Anti-tumor effects of Ganoderma lucidum (reishi) in inflammatory breast cancer in in vivo and in vitro models. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57431. [PMID: 23468988 PMCID: PMC3585368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) was tested as a potential therapeutic for Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) using in vivo and in vitro IBC models. IBC is a lethal and aggressive form of breast cancer that manifests itself without a typical tumor mass. Studies show that IBC tissue biopsies overexpress E-cadherin and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4GI (eIF4GI), two proteins that are partially responsible for the unique pathological properties of this disease. IBC is treated with a multimodal approach that includes non-targeted systemic chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Because of its non-toxic and selective anti-cancer activity, medicinal mushroom extracts have received attention for their use in cancer therapy. Our previous studies demonstrate these selective anti-cancer effects of Reishi, where IBC cell viability and invasion, as well as the expression of key IBC molecules, including eIF4G is compromised. Thus, herein we define the mechanistic effects of Reishi focusing on the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, a regulator of cell survival and growth. The present study demonstrates that Reishi treated IBC SUM-149 cells have reduced expression of mTOR downstream effectors at early treatment times, as we observe reduced eIF4G levels coupled with increased levels of eIF4E bound to 4E-BP, with consequential protein synthesis reduction. Severe combined immunodeficient mice injected with IBC cells treated with Reishi for 13 weeks show reduced tumor growth and weight by ∼50%, and Reishi treated tumors showed reduced expression of E-cadherin, mTOR, eIF4G, and p70S6K, and activity of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Our results provide evidence that Reishi suppresses protein synthesis and tumor growth by affecting survival and proliferative signaling pathways that act on translation, suggesting that Reishi is a potential natural therapeutic for breast and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette J. Suarez-Arroyo
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Raysa Rosario-Acevedo
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Aguilar-Perez
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Pedro L. Clemente
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Cubano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Juan Serrano
- San Pablo Pathology, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Schneider
- New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michelle M. Martínez-Montemayor
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Human cytomegalovirus infection enhances NF-κB/p65 signaling in inflammatory breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55755. [PMID: 23418456 PMCID: PMC3572094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an endemic herpes virus that re-emerges in cancer patients enhancing oncogenic potential. Recent studies have shown that HCMV infection is associated with certain types of cancer morbidity such as glioblastoma. Although HCMV has been detected in breast cancer tissues, its role, if any, in the etiology of specific forms of breast cancer has not been investigated. In the present study we investigated the presence of HCMV infection in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), a rapidly progressing form of breast cancer characterized by specific molecular signature. We screened for anti-CMV IgG antibodies in peripheral blood of 49 non-IBC invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 28 IBC patients. In addition, we screened for HCMV-DNA in postsurgical cancer and non-cancer breast tissues of non-IBC and IBC patients. We also tested whether HCMV infection can modulate the expression and activation of transcriptional factor NF-κB/p65, a hallmark of IBC. Our results reveal that IBC patients are characterized by a statistically significant increase in HCMV IgG antibody titers compared to non-IBC patients. HCMV-DNA was significantly detected in cancer tissues than in the adjacent non-carcinoma tissues of IBC and IDC, and IBC cancer tissues were significantly more infected with HCMV-DNA compared to IDC. Further, HCMV sequence analysis detected different HCMV strains in IBC patients tissues, but not in the IDC specimens. Moreover, HCMV-infected IBC cancer tissues were found to be enhanced in NF-κB/p65 signaling compared to non-IBC patients. The present results demonstrated a correlation between HCMV infection and IBC. Etiology and causality of HCMV infection with IBC now needs to be rigorously examined.
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Schairer C, Soliman AS, Omar S, Khaled H, Eissa S, Ayed FB, Khalafallah S, Ayoub WB, Kantor ED, Merajver S, Swain SM, Gail M, Brown LM. Assessment of diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer cases at two cancer centers in Egypt and Tunisia. Cancer Med 2013; 2:178-84. [PMID: 23634285 PMCID: PMC3639656 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is largely clinical and therefore inherently somewhat subjective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis of IBC at two centers in North Africa where a higher proportion of breast cancer is diagnosed as IBC than in the United States (U.S.). Physicians prospectively enrolled suspected IBC cases at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) - Cairo, Egypt, and the Institut Salah Azaiz (ISA), Tunisia, recorded extent and duration of signs/symptoms of IBC on standardized forms, and took digital photographs of the breast. After second-level review at study hospitals, photographs and clinical information for confirmed IBC cases were reviewed by two U.S. oncologists. We calculated percent agreement between study hospital and U.S. oncologist diagnoses. Among cases confirmed by at least one U.S. oncologist, we calculated median extent and duration of signs and Spearman correlations. At least one U.S. oncologist confirmed the IBC diagnosis for 69% (39/50) of cases with photographs at the NCI-Cairo and 88% (21/24) of cases at the ISA. All confirmed cases had at least one sign of IBC (erythema, edema, peau d'orange) that covered at least one-third of the breast. The median duration of signs ranged from 1 to 3 months; extent and duration of signs were not statistically significantly correlated. From the above-mentioned outcomes, it can be concluded that the diagnosis of a substantial proportion of IBC cases is unambiguous, but a subset is difficult to distinguish from other types of locally advanced breast cancer. Among confirmed cases, the extent of signs was not related to delay in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Schairer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer, Institute 6120 Executive Blvd., Rockville, Maryland, 20852-7234, USA.
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Soliman AS, Schairer C. Considerations in setting up and conducting epidemiologic studies of cancer in middle- and low-income countries: the experience of a case-control study of inflammatory breast cancer in North Africa in the past 10 years. Cancer Med 2012; 1:338-49. [PMID: 23342283 PMCID: PMC3544462 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This article illustrates some issues we faced during our experience in conducting an epidemiologic case-control study of inflammatory breast cancer in North Africa. We expect that some of the questions we had to ask in order to address these issues might be helpful to others in setting up epidemiologic studies in developing regions. We describe our experience from different angles including the use of multiple sites to achieve adequate sample size, standardizing diagnosis of disease, identifying cancer cases at the time of diagnosis, control selection procedures, logistics of study implementation, questionnaire development and interviewing, biologic specimens, and procedures for protection of human subjects. We have developed a brief checklist to summarize important issues for conducting future epidemiologic studies in these or similar low- or middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr S Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-2029, USA.
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Schlichting JA, Soliman AS, Schairer C, Schottenfeld D, Merajver SD. Inflammatory and non-inflammatory breast cancer survival by socioeconomic position in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 1990-2008. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134:1257-68. [PMID: 22733221 PMCID: PMC4291081 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been previously reported that patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) experience worse survival than patients with other breast cancer (BC) types, the socioeconomic and ethnic factors leading to this survival difference are not fully understood. The association between county-level percent of persons below the poverty level and BC-specific (BCS) survival for cases diagnosed from 1990 to 2008 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database linked to census derived county attributes was examined. A sub-analysis of cases from 2000 to 2008 also examined BCS survival by an index combining percent below poverty and less than high school graduates as well as metropolitan versus non-metropolitan county of residence. The Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to construct survival curves by stage, inflammatory status, and county-level socioeconomic position (SEP). Stage and inflammatory status stratified proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, tumor and treatment characteristics were used to determine the hazard of BCS death by county-level SEP. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated IBC has worse survival than stage matched non-IBC, (stage III IBC median survival = 4.75 years vs. non-IBC = 13.4 years, p < 0.0001). Residing in a lower SEP, non-metro county significantly worsens BCS survival for non-IBC in multivariate proportional hazards models. African American cases appear to have worse survival than non-Hispanic Whites regardless of inflammatory status, stage, county-level SEP, tumor, or treatment characteristics. This is the first study to examine IBC survival by SEP in a nation-wide population-based tumor registry. As this analysis found generally poorer survival for IBC, regardless of SEP or race/ethnicity, it is important that interventions that help educate women on IBC symptoms target women in various SEP and race/ethnicity groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Schlichting
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 109 Observatory St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
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Chaher N, Arias-Pulido H, Terki N, Qualls C, Bouzid K, Verschraegen C, Wallace A, Royce M. Molecular and epidemiological characteristics of inflammatory breast cancer in Algerian patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 131:437-44. [PMID: 21360074 PMCID: PMC3564504 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) shows a high incidence in Tunisia and Egypt but epidemiological and molecular characteristics have not been described in Algeria. We compared 117 IBC and 59 non-IBC locally advanced breast cancers (LABC), for estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER2, and EGFR protein expression by immunohistochemistry, and HER2 gene amplification by chromogenic in situ hybridization. Demographic, clinico-pathological, and molecular variables were compared with chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to test for significance (P < 0.05, two-tailed). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were plotted using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared using the log-rank test. Tumor emboli were detected in 77% of IBC. Palpable masses were found in all LABC but only in 32% of IBC (P < 0.001). Recurrences were higher in LABC than in IBC (48 vs. 35%; P = 0.14) but OS was worse in IBC (68 vs. 71%; P = 0.06). There were no significant differences between IBC and LABC by demographics or by clinico-pathological parameters. The majority of IBC and LABC tumors were luminal A (62 and 64%), followed by basal (~18%, each), triple negative (~18%, each), and HER2+ (~10%, each) subtypes. In multivariate analyses, grade was associated with worse OS (P = 0.04), and DFS (P < 0.001) in IBC; chemo- and radio-therapy were associated with improved OS and DFS, respectively (P < 0.05 for each) in LABC. In conclusion, IBC in Algeria shows similar characteristics to IBC described for Egypt and Tunisia with subtle molecular differences. Current therapeutic treatments were not very effective in this population and new approaches are much needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Chaher
- Department of Pathology, Centre Pierre et Marie Curie, 1, Avenue Battendier, Place May 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hugo Arias-Pulido
- Clinical Research and Translational Therapeutics. The University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nadija Terki
- Department of Pathology, Centre Pierre et Marie Curie, 1, Avenue Battendier, Place May 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Clifford Qualls
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics. The University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kamel Bouzid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Pierre et Marie Curie, 1, Avenue Battendier, Place May 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Claire Verschraegen
- Clinical Research and Translational Therapeutics. The University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - AnneMarie Wallace
- Department of Internal Medicine. The University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Melanie Royce
- Department of Internal Medicine. The University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Mousa SM, Seifeldin IA, Hablas A, Elbana ES, Soliman AS. Patterns of seeking medical care among Egyptian breast cancer patients: relationship to late-stage presentation. Breast 2011; 20:555-61. [PMID: 21807518 PMCID: PMC4274941 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Egyptian women, accounting for 37.6% of female tumors, and is often diagnosed at later stages. The objective of this study was to investigate breast cancer patient navigation through the health care system in the Nile Delta. Interviews were conducted with 163 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients at the Tanta Cancer Center (TCC), the major cancer center of the region. Patients described their medical care pathway from the initial symptom experienced until their arrival at TCC. Patients whose initial contact was with a general surgeon (OR: 7.6, 95% CI: 2.1, 27.6), primary care provider (OR: 12.2, 95% CI: 2.9, 51.0), or gynecologist (OR: 8.6, 95% CI: 1.4, 53.4) were significantly more likely to experience a delay in reaching the TCC as compared to those visiting a surgical oncologist. Overcoming health care system and patient navigation barriers in developing countries may reduce the time for breast cancer patients to reach a cancer center for early management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa M. Mousa
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 5626 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amr S. Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 5626 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, USA
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Schlichting JA, Soliman AS, Schairer C, Banerjee M, Rozek LS, Schottenfeld D, Harford JB, Merajver SD. Association of inflammatory and noninflammatory breast cancer with socioeconomic characteristics in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 2000-2007. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 21:155-65. [PMID: 22028401 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and highly aggressive form of primary breast cancer. Little is known about the risk factors for IBC, specifically the association with socioeconomic position (SEP). METHODS The association between breast cancer type (IBC vs. non-IBC) with county-level SEP in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database for cases diagnosed from 2000 to 2007 was examined. County-level SEP characteristics included metropolitan versus non-metropolitan residence, percentage below the poverty level, percentage less than high-school graduate, and an index combining the poverty and high-school variables. IBC and non-IBC age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated, stratified on SEP and race/ethnicity. The odds of IBC versus non-IBC given a particular SEP characteristic, adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, was examined through fitting of hierarchical logistic regression models (HLM). RESULTS Incidence rates for IBC generally increased as SEP decreased, whereas the opposite was found for non-IBC. HLM results showed that low SEP is associated with higher odds of IBC: highest (≥ 20%) versus lowest (<10%) persons below the poverty level [OR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 1.25 (1.09-1.43)]; highest (>28.76%) versus lowest (≤ 15.99%) persons less than high-school graduate [OR (95% CI) = 1.25 (1.10-1.42)]; and low SEP as measured by poverty-high school index versus high SEP [OR (95% CI)= 1.26 (1.11-1.44)]. CONCLUSION Overall breast cancer has been found to be positively associated with SEP, whereas in this analysis, IBC was associated with decreasing SEP. IMPACT Studies focused on understanding the disparity in IBC incidence, as well as interventions to eliminate these differences are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Schlichting
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan,109 Observatory St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Martínez-Montemayor MM, Acevedo RR, Otero-Franqui E, Cubano LA, Dharmawardhane SF. Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) inhibits cancer cell growth and expression of key molecules in inflammatory breast cancer. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:1085-94. [PMID: 21888505 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.601845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most lethal and least understood form of advanced breast cancer. Its lethality originates from its nature of invading the lymphatic system and absence of a palpable tumor mass. Different from other metastatic breast cancer cells, IBC cells invade by forming tumor spheroids that retain E-cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions. Herein we describe the potential of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) as an attractive candidate for anti-IBC therapy. Reishi contains biological compounds that are cytotoxic against cancer cells. We report the effects of Reishi on viability, apoptosis, invasion, and its mechanism of action in IBC cells (SUM-149). Results show that Reishi selectively inhibits cancer cell viability although it does not affect the viability of noncancerous mammary epithelial cells. Apoptosis induction is consistent with decreased cell viability. Reishi inhibits cell invasion and disrupts the cell spheroids that are characteristic of the IBC invasive pathology. Reishi decreases the expression of genes involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation (BCL-2, TERT, PDGFB), and invasion and metastasis (MMP-9), whereas it increases the expression of IL8. Reishi reduces BCL-2, BCL-XL, E-cadherin, eIF4G, p120-catenin, and c-Myc protein expression and gelatinase activity. These findings suggest that Reishi is an effective anti-IBC therapeutic.
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Spencer B, Banerjee M, Omar S, Khaled H, Anwar N, Zaghloul MS, Eissa S, Kleer CG, Dey S, Merajver SD, Soliman AS. Survival of inflammatory breast cancer patients compared to non-inflammatory breast cancer patients in Egypt. Breast J 2011; 17:545-7. [PMID: 21827567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4741.2011.01146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lane J, Martin TA, Jiang WG. Targeting RhoC by Way of Ribozyme Trangene in Human Breast Cancer Cells and its Impact on Cancer Invasion. World J Oncol 2010; 1:7-13. [PMID: 29147173 PMCID: PMC5649728 DOI: 10.4021/wjon2010.01.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell motility and migration are known to be regulated by the Rho family of GTPases through their effects on the actin cytoskeleton. In breast cancer studies, RhoC has been identified as a highly specific marker in detecting tumors that developed metastases. This study aims to investigate the impact of targeting RhoC in human breast cancer cells by utilising ribozyme transgene technology and to assess its effect on cancer cell invasion. Methods Retroviral hammerhead ribozyme transgenes, regulated by doxycycline, were designed to specifically target human RhoC mRNA. The breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was transfected with either a retroviral RhoC transgene or a control retroviral transgene. Stably transfected cells were tested for their invasiveness and migratory properties in vitro. Results In vitro testing of the invasiveness of wild type, plasmid control and the RhoC knockdown cells showed that MDA-MB-231DRHOC cells had significantly reduced invasiveness compared with MDA-MB-231WT (p < 0.038 RHOC2 knockdown cells; p < 0.006 RHOC3 knockdown cells) and MDA-MB-231pRevTRE control plasmid cells (p < 0.07 RHOC2 knockdown cells; p < 0.002 RHOC3 knockdown cells). An even greater reduction in invasiveness of the MDA-MB-231DRHOC cells compared with the MDA-MB-231WT cells was seen in response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF/SF) (p < 0.009 RHOC1 knockdown; p = 0.004 RHOC2 knockdown; p = 0.00007 RHOC3 knockdown). The addition of doxycycline significantly improved the effectiveness of the ribozyme transgenes (p < 0.04 for all three Rho ribozymes), but did not improve the effectiveness of these knockdown cells when treated with HGF/SF (p > 0.1 for all three ribozymes). Conclusions This data would indicate that targeting RhoC may be an effective way to reduce the invasive potential of human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Lane
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tracey A Martin
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Burson AM, Soliman AS, Ngoma TA, Mwaiselage J, Ogweyo P, Eissa MS, Dey S, Merajver SD. Clinical and epidemiologic profile of breast cancer in Tanzania. Breast Dis 2010; 31:33-41. [PMID: 21109721 PMCID: PMC4276128 DOI: 10.3233/bd-2009-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease globally. Public health prevention measures require an understanding of the burden of breast cancer and its risk factors. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical, pathologic, and epidemiologic characteristics of breast cancer patients in Tanzania. METHODS data was abstracted from the medical records of all breast cancer patients attending Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) over a 2-year period from July 2007 to June 2009. Tumor tissue paraffin blocks were collected for all patients with available tissues for the determination of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). Data for all patients was analyzed descriptively and by using unconditional logistic regression, by comparing early stage (ES), defined as stages I and II and late stage (LS), defined as stages III and IV patients to obtain odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and P-values. RESULTS among the 488 patients, stage was determined for 356~patients, 90.7% of whom presented in LS. Of the 57 tumor tissues, 49.1% were ER-/PR-. Patients with ulceration (OR = 4.97; 95% CI= 1.07, 23.04; p=0.04) and peau d'orange (OR= 6.78; 95{\%} CI $=$ 1.48, 31.17; p=0.01) were more likely to present in LS rather than ES. Male breast cancer accounted for 2.9% of all breast cancers and inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) comprised 4.3-5.5% of cases based on registered t4d diagnosis or the criteria of IBC signs, if t4d was not reported in the medical records. CONCLUSION most breast cancer patients in Tanzania are diagnosed at advanced disease stages with about half of the tumors being ER-/PR-. These data strongly support that reducing barriers to care, down-staging of disease at diagnosis, implementation of clinical guidelines for management of advanced cases, and palliative care are the four most essential factors that need to be addressed to reduce morbidity and mortality from breast cancer in Tanzania. Further research is needed to quantify the magnitude and molecular features of two relatively rare forms of breast cancer that may account for a greater proportion of the burden of breast cancer in Tanzania compared to the USA and Western Europe: male breast cancer and IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Burson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amr S. Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - P. Ogweyo
- Muhimbili National Hospital, Pathology Department, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mohab S. Eissa
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Subhojit Dey
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Sofia D. Merajver
- Center for Global Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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