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Kwak Y, Jang SY, Choi JY, Lee H, Shin DS, Park YH, Kim JY, Ahn JS, Chae BJ, Yu J, Lee JE, Kim SW, Nam SJ, Ryu JM. Progesterone Receptor Expression Level Predicts Prognosis of Estrogen Receptor-Positive/HER2-Negative Young Breast Cancer: A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3435. [PMID: 37444546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although estrogen receptor (ER) expression levels affect the prognosis of breast cancer, studies about progesterone receptor (PR) expression levels are insufficient, especially in young breast cancer (YBC). The purpose of this study was to compare clinical characteristics and prognosis according to PR expression levels in invasive breast cancer patients. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted to identify YBC patients with invasive carcinoma diagnosed at an age of less than 40 years old between 2013 and 2018. Clinicopathologic features and prognosis of ER-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative patients were investigated. Patients were stratified into strong PR (PR-positive cell proportion > 10%), low PR (PR-positive cell proportion = 1~10%), and PR-negative (PR-positive cell proportion < 1%). RESULTS Among 458 patients enrolled, 386 (84.3%), 26 (5.7%), and 46 (10.0%) were categorized into strong PR, low PR, and PR-negative groups, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 58.6 months. Compared with the strong PR group, low PR and PR-negative groups were more likely to have high Ki-67 and a high nuclear grade. Low R and PR-negative groups had significantly worse disease-free survival (DFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) than the strong PR group (p = 0.0033, p = 0007). Low PR group had an even higher risk of distant metastasis than PR-negative patients. Low PR patients and PR-negative had significantly lower overall survival (OS) rates than strong PR. CONCLUSION Low PR might be a prognostic factor of ER-positive/HER2-negative in YBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngji Kwak
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yoon Jang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Choi
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Lee
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Seung Shin
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Chae
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghan Yu
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Min Ryu
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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Chen Y, Klingen TA, Aas H, Wik E, Akslen LA. CD47 and CD68 expression in breast cancer is associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, blood vessel invasion, detection mode, and prognosis. J Pathol Clin Res 2023; 9:151-164. [PMID: 36598153 PMCID: PMC10073931 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CD47 expressed on tumor cells binds to signal regulatory protein alpha on macrophages, initiating inhibition of phagocytosis. We investigated the relationships between tumor expression of CD47 and CD68 macrophage content, subsets of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and vascular invasion in breast cancer. A population-based series of 282 cases (200 screen detected and 82 interval patients) from the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program was examined. Immunohistochemical staining for CD47 and CD68 was evaluated on tissue microarray (TMA) slides. For CD47 evaluation, a staining index was used. CD68 tumor-associated macrophages were counted and dichotomized. TIL subsets (CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, and FOXP3) were counted and dichotomized using immunohistochemistry on TMA slides. Vascular invasion (both lymphatic and blood vessel) was determined on whole tissue slides. High CD47 tumor cell expression or high counts of CD68 macrophages were significantly associated with elevated levels of all TIL subsets (p < 0.02), CD163 macrophages (p < 0.001), blood vessel invasion (CD31 positive) (p < 0.01), and high tumor cell Ki67 (p < 0.004). High CD47 expression was associated with ER negativity (p < 0.001), HER2 positive status (p = 0.03), and interval-detected tumors (p = 0.03). Combined high expression of CD47-CD68 was associated with a shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) by multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.37, p = 0.018), adjusting for tumor diameter, histologic grade, lymph node status, and molecular subtype. Patients with luminal A tumors showed a shorter RFS for CD47-CD68 high cases by multivariate assessment (HR: 5.73, p = 0.004). This study demonstrates an association of concurrent high CD47 tumor cell expression and high CD68 macrophage counts with various TIL subsets, blood vessel invasion (CD31 positive), other aggressive tumor features, and interval-presenting breast cancer. Our findings suggest a link between CD47, tumor immune response, and blood vessel invasion (CD31 positive). Combined high expression of CD47-CD68 was an independent prognostic factor associated with poor prognosis in all cases, as well as in the luminal A category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of PathologyVestfold HospitalTønsbergNorway
- Department of PathologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Fürst Medical LaboratoryOsloNorway
| | - Tor Audun Klingen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of PathologyVestfold HospitalTønsbergNorway
| | - Hans Aas
- Department of SurgeryVestfold HospitalTønsbergNorway
| | - Elisabeth Wik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Lars A Akslen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
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Transcribed Ultraconserved Regions Are Associated with Clinicopathological Features in Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020214. [PMID: 35204715 PMCID: PMC8961524 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraconserved regions (UCRs) are 481 genome segments, with length longer than 200 bp, that are 100% conserved among humans, mice, and rats. The majority of UCRs are transcriptionally active (T-UCRs) as many of them produce non-coding RNAs. In a previous study, we evaluated the expression level of T-UCRs in breast cancer (BC) patients and found that 63% of transcripts correlated with some clinical and/or molecular parameter of BC. In this study, we delved into the expression levels of 12 T-UCRs and correlated them with clinicopathological parameters, immunohistochemical markers, and overall survival in two breast cancer cohorts: TCGA and Brazilian patients. We found that uc.268 is more expressed in TCGA patients under 40 years of age, associated with progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor (ER), and its high expression is found in luminal A. Lower uc.84 and uc.376 were respectively observed in metastatic and stage IV tumors associated with good prognostic in luminal B. Moreover, uc.84 was only related to the HER2+, while uc.376 was related to ER+ and PR+, and HER2+. A panel composed of uc.147, uc.271, and uc.427 distinguished luminal A from triple negative patients with an AUC of 0.9531 (sensitivity 92.19% and specificity 86.76%). These results highlight the potential role of T-UCRs in BC and provide insights into the potential application of T-UCRs as biomarkers.
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Schrodi S, Braun M, Andrulat A, Harbeck N, Mahner S, Kiechle M, Klein E, Schnelzer A, Schindlbeck C, Bauerfeind I, Schubert-Fritschle G, Nekljudova V, Mayr D, Weichert W, Denkert C, Loibl S, Engel J. Outcome of breast cancer patients with low hormone receptor positivity: analysis of a 15-year population-based cohort. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1410-1424. [PMID: 34419555 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guideline recommendations for the treatment of breast cancer with low hormone receptor (HR) expression (1%-9%) are ambiguous and several studies showed more similarities with HR-negative tumors than with HR strongly positive tumors (≥10%). We used a population-based 15-year cohort to compare patient characteristics and outcome of HR low positive tumors with HR-negative and HR strongly positive tumors, respectively. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 38 560 women diagnosed with early invasive breast cancer between 2004 and 2018 within the scope of the Munich Cancer Registry with 4.9 million inhabitants were included. Descriptive analyses of prognostic factors, treatment, and outcome analyses using the Kaplan-Meier method; cumulative incidence in consideration of competing risks; and multivariate analyses (Cox regression and Fine-Gray model) were conducted. Endpoints were time to local recurrence (TTLR), time to lymph node recurrence (TTLNR), time to metastasis (TTM), overall survival (OS), and relative survival (RS). RESULTS A total of 861 patients (2%) had HR low positive, 4862 (13%) HR-negative, and 32 837 (85%) HR strongly positive tumors. Within the HER2-negative cohort (n = 33 366), survival of HR low positive tumors was significantly worse than that of HR strongly positive tumors [OS hazard ratio 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.55-0.78)], whereas between HR low positive and HR-negative tumors no significant survival difference could be detected [OS hazard ratio 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.78-1.11)]. TTLR, TTLNR, and TTM showed similar results. By contrast, within the HER2-positive cohort (n = 5194), no statistically significant differences between the three HR groups could be detected in multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION Current definitions for HR positivity and its clinical relevance should be reconsidered. Patients with HR low positive/HER2-negative tumors could be regarded and treated similar to patients with triple-negative tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schrodi
- Munich Cancer Registry (MCR) at the Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Bavarian Cancer Registry - Regional Centre Munich, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Munich, Germany.
| | - M Braun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Breast Centre, Red Cross Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - A Andrulat
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Breast Centre, Red Cross Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - N Harbeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Breast Centre, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - S Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Breast Centre, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - M Kiechle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Breast Centre, University Hospital, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - E Klein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Breast Centre, University Hospital, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - A Schnelzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Centre, RoMed Kliniken, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - C Schindlbeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Breast Centre, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Breast Centre, Klinikum Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - I Bauerfeind
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Breast Centre, Klinikum Landshut, Landshut, Germany
| | - G Schubert-Fritschle
- Munich Cancer Registry (MCR) at the Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Bavarian Cancer Registry - Regional Centre Munich, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Munich, Germany
| | - V Nekljudova
- German Breast Group (GBG Forschungs GmbH), Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - D Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - W Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - C Denkert
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Marburg (UKGM), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - S Loibl
- German Breast Group (GBG Forschungs GmbH), Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Centre for Haematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Engel
- Munich Cancer Registry (MCR) at the Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Bavarian Cancer Registry - Regional Centre Munich, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Munich, Germany
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5
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Pereira Zambalde E, Bayraktar R, Schultz Jucoski T, Ivan C, Rodrigues AC, Mathias C, Knutsen E, Silveira de Lima R, Fiori Gradia D, de Souza Fonseca Ribeiro EM, Hannash S, Adrian Calin G, Carvalhode Oliveira J. A novel lncRNA derived from an ultraconserved region: lnc- uc.147, a potential biomarker in luminal A breast cancer. RNA Biol 2021; 18:416-429. [PMID: 34387142 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1952757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains 481 ultraconserved regions (UCRs), which are genomic stretches of over 200 base pairs conserved among human, rat, and mouse. The majority of these regions are transcriptionally active (T-UCRs), and several have been found to be differentially expressed in tumours. Some T-UCRs have been functionally characterized, but of those few have been associated to breast cancer (BC). Using TCGA data, we found 302 T-UCRs related to clinical features in BC: 43% were associated with molecular subtypes, 36% with oestrogen-receptor positivity, 17% with HER2 expression, 12% with stage, and 10% with overall survival. The expression levels of 12 T-UCRs were further analysed in a cohort of 82 Brazilian BC patients using RT-qPCR. We found that uc.147 is high expressed in luminal A and B patients. For luminal A, a subtype usually associated with better prognosis, high uc.147 expression was associated with a poor prognosis and suggested as an independent prognostic factor. The lncRNA from uc.147 (lnc-uc.147) is located in the nucleus. Northern blotting results show that uc.147 is a 2,8 kb monoexonic trancript, and its sequence was confirmed by RACE. The silencing of uc.147 increases apoptosis, arrests cell cycle, and reduces cell viability and colony formation in BC cell lines. Additionally, we identifed 19 proteins that interact with lnc-uc.147 through mass spectrometry and demonstrated a high correlation of lnc-uc.147 with the neighbour gene expression and miR-18 and miR-190b. This is the first study to analyse the expression of all T-UCRs in BC and to functionally assess the lnc-uc.147.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pereira Zambalde
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Recep Bayraktar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tayana Schultz Jucoski
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana Carolina Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Mathias
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Erik Knutsen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Daniela Fiori Gradia
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Samir Hannash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaqueline Carvalhode Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Lee SJ, Jeong JH, Lee J, Park HY, Jung JH, Kang J, Kim EA, Park NJY, Park JY, Lee IH, Chae YS. MicroRNA-496 inhibits triple negative breast cancer cell proliferation by targeting Del-1. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25270. [PMID: 33832090 PMCID: PMC8036068 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Del-1 has been linked to the pathogenesis of various cancers, including breast cancer. However, the regulation of Del-1 expression remains unclear. We previously reported the interaction between microRNA-137 (miR-137) and the Del-1 gene. In this study, we investigated miR-496 and miR-137 as regulators of Del-1 expression in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Del-1 mRNA and miR-496 were measured by quantitative PCR in breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF7, SK-BR3, and T-47D) and tissues from 30 patients with TNBC. The effects of miR-496 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined with MTT, wound healing, and Matrigel transwell assays, respectively. In MDA-MB-231 cells, miR-496 levels were remarkably low and Del-1 mRNA levels were higher than in other breast cancer cell lines. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-496 binds the 3'-UTR of Del-1 and Del-1 expression is downregulated by miR-496 mimics. Furthermore, miR-496 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. The effects of miR-496 on cell proliferation were additive with those of miR-137, another miRNA that regulates Del-1 expression. Moreover, in the 30 TNBC specimens, miR-496 was downregulated (P < .005) and the levels of Del-1 in the plasma were significantly elevated as compared with in normal controls (P = .0142). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data showed the correlation of miR-496 expression with better overall survival in patients with early TNBC. In in silico and in vitro analyses, we showed that Del-1 is a target of miR-496 in TNBC and thereby affects cancer progression. Our findings suggest that miR-496 and miR-137 additively target Del-1 and act as modulating factors in TNBC. They are potentially new biomarkers for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital
| | | | - Jeeyeon Lee
- Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital
| | - Ho Yong Park
- Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital
| | - Jin Hyang Jung
- Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital
| | | | - Eun Ae Kim
- Exosome Convergence Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University
| | - Nora Jee-Young Park
- Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hee Lee
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital
| | - Yee Soo Chae
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital
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Individualized lncRNA differential expression profile reveals heterogeneity of breast cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:4604-4614. [PMID: 34131286 PMCID: PMC8266678 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key regulatory roles in breast cancer. However, population-level differential expression analysis methods disregard the heterogeneous expression of lncRNAs in individual patients. Therefore, we individualized lncRNA expression profiles for breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) using the method of LncRNA Individualization (LncRIndiv). After evaluating the robustness of LncRIndiv, we constructed an individualized differentially expressed lncRNA (IDElncRNA) profile for BRCA and investigated the subtype-specific IDElncRNAs. The breast cancer subtype-specific IDElncRNA showed frequent co-occurrence with alterations of protein-coding genes, including mutations, copy number variation and differential methylation. We performed hierarchical clustering to subdivide TNBC and revealed mesenchymal subtype and immune subtype for TNBC. The TNBC immune subtype showed a better prognosis than the TNBC mesenchymal subtype. LncRNA PTOV1-AS1 was the top differentially expressed lncRNA in the mesenchymal subtype. And biological experiments validated that the upregulation of PTOV1-AS1 could downregulate TJP1 (ZO-1) and E-Cadherin, and upregulate Vimentin, which suggests PTOV1-AS1 may promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lead to migration and invasion of TNBC cells. The mesenchymal subtype showed a higher fraction of M2 macrophages, whereas the immune subtype was more associated with CD4 + T cells. The immune subtype is characterized by genomic instability and upregulation of immune checkpoint genes, thereby suggesting a potential response to immunosuppressive drugs. Last, drug response analysis revealed lncRNA ENSG00000230082 (PRRT3-AS1) is a potential resistance biomarker for paclitaxel in BRCA treatment. Our analysis highlights that IDElncRNAs can characterize inter-tumor heterogeneity in BRCA and the new TNBC subtypes indicate novel insights into TNBC immunotherapy.
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8
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TNFSF13 upregulation confers chemotherapeutic resistance via triggering autophagy initiation in triple-negative breast cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1255-1267. [PMID: 32671412 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since chemotherapy is a main strategy to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients currently, identifying a biomarker to predict chemotherapeutic responses is urgently needed for patients to avoid suffering through unnecessary chemotherapeutic treatments. Here, we found that the endogenous expression of TNFSF13 in a panel of TNBC cell lines highly correlates with paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin IC50 concentrations. Whereas knocking down TNFSF13 enhances PTX effectiveness in PTX-insensitive MDA-MB231 cells, recombinant TNFSF13 (recTNFSF13) desensitizes PTX-sensitive HCC1806 cells to PTX treatment. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that higher TNFSF13 mRNA expression significantly predicts an increased risk for cancer recurrence in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer patients receiving an anthracycline-based treatment. Accordingly, immunohistochemistry experiments indicated that higher levels of TNFSF13 protein are detected in TNBC patients who do not respond to an anthracycline-based treatment. The in silico analysis and Western blotting demonstrated that TNFSF13 expression inversely associates with the activity of the Akt-mTOR pathway, which acts as a negative regulator of autophagy activity. Significantly, the pharmaceutical inhibition of autophagy activity restores the therapeutic effectiveness of PTX in TNFSF13-treated HCC1806 cells. These findings suggest that TNFSF13 can serve as a predictive biomarker for TNBC patients, who can use it to decide whether to receive chemotherapy. KEY MESSAGES: TNFSF13 upregulation correlates with a poor response to chemotherapy in TNBCs. TNFSF13 promotes autophagy initiation in chemotherapeutic resistant TNBCs. Therapeutic targeting of autophagy initiation overcomes the TNFSF13-related chemoresistance. TNFSF13 could be a predictive biomarker for TNBC patients receiving chemotherapy.
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MicroRNA-137 Inhibits Cancer Progression by Targeting Del-1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246162. [PMID: 31817673 PMCID: PMC6941134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be used to target a variety of human malignancy by targeting their oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) might be under miRNA regulation. This study investigated microRNA-137 (miR-137) function and Del-1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and tissues. Del-1 mRNA and miRNA-137 levels were determined via qRT-PCR in breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF7, SK-BR3, and T-47D) and tissues from 30 patients with TNBC. The effects of miR-137 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined using MTT assays, wound healing, and Matrigel transwell assays. The luciferase reporter assay revealed direct binding of miR-137 to the 3'-UTR of Del-1. miR-137 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Among the 30 TNBC specimens, miR-137 was downregulated and Del-1 level in plasma was significantly elevated relative to normal controls. It is concluded that miR-137 regulates Del-1 expression in TNBC by directly binding to the Del-1 gene and cancer progression. The results implicate miR-137 as a new therapeutic biomarker for patients with TNBC.
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10
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Mathias C, Zambalde EP, Rask P, Gradia DF, de Oliveira JC. Long non-coding RNAs differential expression in breast cancer subtypes: What do we know? Clin Genet 2019; 95:558-568. [PMID: 30614523 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. BC is a heterogeneous disease with different clinical and genetic features. According to immunohistochemical markers, BC is subdivided into four main subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, ERBB2 positive and triple negative. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts with more than 200 nucleotides and deregulated lncRNAs are associated with human diseases, including BC. In order to improve BC molecular classification, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including lncRNAs, have been used. In this review, we focus on lncRNAs with differential expression in BC subtypes and how these RNAs may act to contribute to BC heterogeneity. We also emphasize the potential of these lncRNAs as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mathias
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Erika P Zambalde
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Philip Rask
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniela F Gradia
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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Breast carcinoma subtypes show different patterns of metastatic behavior. Virchows Arch 2017; 470:275-283. [PMID: 28101678 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our retrospective study was to analyze patterns of subtype specific metastatic spread and to identify the time course of distant metastases. A consecutive series of 490 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery and postoperative treatment at Semmelweis University, Hungary, and diagnosed between the years 2000 and 2007 was identified from the archives of the 2nd Department of Pathology, Hungary. Molecular subtypes were defined based on the 2011 St. Gallen recommendations. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) was defined as the time elapsed between the first pathological diagnosis of the tumor and the first distant metastasis detection. Distant metastases were detected in 124 patients. Mean time to develop metastasis was 29 months (range 0-127 months). The longest DMFS was observed in the Luminal A (LUMA) subtype (mean 39 months) whereas the shortest was seen in the HER2-positive (HER2+) subtype (mean 21 months; p = 0.012). We confirmed that HER2+ tumors carry a higher risk for distant metastases (42.1%). LUMA-associated metastases were found to be solitary in 59% of cases, whereas HER2+ tumors showed multiple metastases in 79.2% of cases. LUMA tumors showed a preference for bone-only metastasis as compared with HER2+ and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases, which exhibited a higher rate of brain metastasis. The most frequent second metastatic sites of hormone receptor (HR) positive tumors were the lung and liver, whereas the brain was the most affected organ in HR-negative (HR-) cases. Tumor subtypes differ in DMFS and in pattern of distant metastases. HER2+ tumors featured the most aggressive clinical course. Further identification of subtype-specific factors influencing prognosis might have an impact on clinical care and decision-making.
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Martínez Gómez E, Cano Cuetos A, Medina Garrido C, Canseco Martín C, Arnanz Velasco F, Garrido Sánchez N, Zapico Goñi Á. Cáncer de mama en mujeres muy jóvenes, nuestra experiencia. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Duffy MJ, Crown J. Precision treatment for cancer: Role of prognostic and predictive markers. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 51:30-45. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2013.865700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Goldhirsch A, Winer EP, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Piccart-Gebhart M, Thürlimann B, Senn HJ. Personalizing the treatment of women with early breast cancer: highlights of the St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2013. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2206-23. [PMID: 23917950 PMCID: PMC3755334 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2438] [Impact Index Per Article: 221.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 13th St Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference (2013) Expert Panel reviewed and endorsed substantial new evidence on aspects of the local and regional therapies for early breast cancer, supporting less extensive surgery to the axilla and shorter durations of radiation therapy. It refined its earlier approach to the classification and management of luminal disease in the absence of amplification or overexpression of the Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) oncogene, while retaining essentially unchanged recommendations for the systemic adjuvant therapy of HER2-positive and 'triple-negative' disease. The Panel again accepted that conventional clinico-pathological factors provided a surrogate subtype classification, while noting that in those areas of the world where multi-gene molecular assays are readily available many clinicians prefer to base chemotherapy decisions for patients with luminal disease on these genomic results rather than the surrogate subtype definitions. Several multi-gene molecular assays were recognized as providing accurate and reproducible prognostic information, and in some cases prediction of response to chemotherapy. Cost and availability preclude their application in many environments at the present time. Broad treatment recommendations are presented. Such recommendations do not imply that each Panel member agrees: indeed, among more than 100 questions, only one (trastuzumab duration) commanded 100% agreement. The various recommendations in fact carried differing degrees of support, as reflected in the nuanced wording of the text below and in the votes recorded in supplementary Appendix S1, available at Annals of Oncology online. Detailed decisions on treatment will as always involve clinical consideration of disease extent, host factors, patient preferences and social and economic constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goldhirsch
- International Breast Cancer Study Group, Division of Medical Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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