1
|
Harris MA, Savas P, Virassamy B, O'Malley MMR, Kay J, Mueller SN, Mackay LK, Salgado R, Loi S. Towards targeting the breast cancer immune microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:554-577. [PMID: 38969810 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The tumour immune microenvironment is shaped by the crosstalk between cancer cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and other stromal components. Although the immune tumour microenvironment (TME) serves as a source of therapeutic targets, it is also considered a friend or foe to tumour-directed therapies. This is readily illustrated by the importance of T cells in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), culminating in the advent of immune checkpoint therapy in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy as standard of care for both early and advanced-stage TNBC, as well as recent promising signs of efficacy in a subset of hormone receptor-positive disease. In this Review, we discuss the various components of the immune TME in breast cancer and therapies that target or impact the immune TME, as well as the complexity of host physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Harris
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Savas
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Balaji Virassamy
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan M R O'Malley
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jasmine Kay
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, ZAS Ziekenhuizen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sherene Loi
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Innocenti A, Susini P, Grimaldi L, Susini T. Breast cancer in pregnancy: concurrent cesarean section, nipple-sparing mastectomy, and immediate breast reconstruction-case report. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1332862. [PMID: 38264747 PMCID: PMC10804608 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1332862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC), with an incidence rate from 1:3,000 to 1:10,000 deliveries, is the most frequent cancer during pregnancy. PABC appropriate management must take into consideration both the maternal oncological safety and the fetal health, thus posing a challenge for the mother, the baby, and the clinicians. The treatment should adhere as closely as possible to the breast cancer (BC) guidelines. Therefore, surgery is a mainstay, and, when mastectomy is required, breast reconstruction (BR) is a topic of debate. To minimize the risks to the baby, most surgeons postpone BR to delivery. However, a delayed breast reconstruction (DBR) could affect the outcome. In the present case, we report cesarean section concurrent with mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). Methods A 37-year-old patient, at the 36th week of pregnancy with PABC, underwent simultaneous cesarean delivery, nipple-sparing mastectomy, and IBR. To minimize risks for the newborn, cesarean was firstly performed under spinal anesthesia. Immediately after, breast surgery, including mastectomy and IBR, was performed under general anesthesia. Partial submuscular IBR with an acellular porcine dermal matrix concluded the surgical procedure. Lactation was inhibited, and adjuvant chemotherapy and hormone therapy were administered to the patient. Results In a single surgical session, cesarean delivery, subcutaneous mastectomy, axillary dissection, and IBR were successfully carried out. No early or late postoperative complications were reported for both the patient and the newborn. Histopathological investigation reported a multifocal and multicentric infiltrating ductal carcinoma. After a 6-year follow-up, the patient is alive and well. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of concomitant cesarean delivery, PABC mastectomy, axillary dissection, and IBR. This surgical strategy allowed PABC treatment by the BC guideline, minimizing the newborn's disadvantage and permitting, at the same time, the best final BR outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Innocenti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Susini
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Grimaldi
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Susini
- Breast Unit, Gynecology Section, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sajjadi E, Venetis K, Ivanova M, Noale M, Blundo C, Di Loreto E, Scarfone G, Ferrero S, Maggi S, Veronesi P, Galimberti VE, Viale G, Peccatori FA, Fusco N, Guerini-Rocco E. Immune microenvironment dynamics in breast cancer during pregnancy: impact of gestational age on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and prognosis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1116569. [PMID: 37671051 PMCID: PMC10475935 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1116569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer during pregnancy (PrBC) is a rare condition known for its aggressive clinical behavior. The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been shown to have a significant impact on the prognosis of these patients. Despite some biological characteristics of the tumor that may differ depending on the gestational age, little is known about the dynamics of the immune landscape within the tumor microenvironment (TME) in PrBC. Therefore, in this study, our objective was to gain comprehensive insights into the relationship between gestational age at breast cancer diagnosis and the composition of the TME. Methods n = 108 PrBC were selected from our institutional registry and categorized based on the gestational age by trimester. For all cases, TILs were profiled according to the International TILs Working Group recommendations, and subtyped by CD4, CD8, and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) immunohistochemistry. PD-L1 was tested according to the combined positive score (CPS) using the IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay, with a cutoff value of ≥10 for positivity. The statistical approach encompassed Fisher's and Chi-squared tests, with appropriate adjustments for multiple comparisons, logistic regression models, and survival analyses based on the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The proportion of patients with poorly differentiated (G3) neoplasms increased as the gestational age advanced (first trimester, n = 25, 56.8%; second trimester, n = 27, 69.2%; third trimester, n = 21, 87.5%; p = 0.03). The histologic subtypes as well as the hormone receptor (HR) and HER2 status did not show significant changes across different pregnancy trimesters. In the HR+/HER2- subtype, there was a higher proportion of tumors with high/moderate TILs in the early phases of pregnancy, similar to FOXP3 expression (TILs: first trimester, n = 10, 35.7%; second trimester, n = 2, 10.5%; third trimester, n = 0; p = 0.02; FOXP3: first trimester, n = 10, 40%; second trimester, n = 3, 15.8%; third trimester, n = 0; p = 0.03). The median follow-up for our cohort was 81 months. Patients who relapsed after a breast cancer diagnosis during the first trimester were more frequently PD-L1-negative, unlike those with no disease recurrence (n = 9, 100% vs. n = 9, 56.3%; p = 0.03; hormone therapy and n = 9, 100% vs. n = 7, 53.9%; p = 0.02; chemotherapy). No statistically significant differences were seen among the three trimesters in terms of survival outcome. Conclusion The TME dynamics of HR+/HER2- PrBC vary based on gestational age, suggesting that immune tolerance expression during later gestational age could explain the increased aggressiveness of tumors diagnosed at that stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Sajjadi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariia Ivanova
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Noale
- Neuroscience Institute Aging Branch, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Concetta Blundo
- Breast Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenia Di Loreto
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Scarfone
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferrero
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- Neuroscience Institute Aging Branch, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Veronesi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Breast Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fedro A. Peccatori
- Fertility and Procreation Unit, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Venetis K, Sajjadi E, Ivanova M, Peccatori FA, Fusco N, Guerini-Rocco E. Characterization of the immune environment in pregnancy-associated breast cancer. Future Oncol 2023. [PMID: 37376974 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PrBC) is a rare and clinically challenging condition. Specific immune mechanisms and pathways are involved in maternal-fetal tolerance and tumor-host immunoediting. The comprehension of the molecular processes underpinning this immune synergy in PrBC is needed to improve patients' clinical management. Only a few studies focused on the immune biology of PrBC and attempted to identify bona fide biomarkers. Therefore, clinically actionable information remains extremely puzzling for these patients. In this review article, we discuss the current knowledge on the immune environment of PrBC, in comparison with pregnancy-unrelated breast cancer and in the context of maternal immune changes during pregnancy. A particular emphasis is given to the actual role of potential immune-related biomarkers for PrBC clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Venetis
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, 20141, Italy
- Department of Oncology & Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Mariia Ivanova
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | - Fedro Alessandro Peccatori
- Fertility & Procreation Unit, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, 20141, Italy
- Department of Oncology & Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, 20141, Italy
- Department of Oncology & Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Margioula-Siarkou G, Margioula-Siarkou C, Petousis S, Vavoulidis E, Margaritis K, Almperis A, Haitoglou C, Mavromatidis G, Dinas K. Breast Carcinogenesis during Pregnancy: Molecular Mechanisms, Maternal and Fetal Adverse Outcomes. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030408. [PMID: 36979100 PMCID: PMC10045536 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common type of cancer diagnosed during pregnancy, with increasing incidence over the last years, as more women choose to delay childbearing. Compared to breast cancer in general population, pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is significantly different in its terms of epidemiology, diagnostic and therapeutic management, while it exhibits particularly aggressive behavior, deriving from its unique molecular and biological profile. Although not fully elucidated, the pathophysiological basis of PABC can be traced back to a combination of hormonal and immune changes during pregnancy, breast involution and altered gene expression. There is considerable controversy in the existing literature about the influence of PABC on pregnancy outcomes, regarding both short- and long-term effects on maternal and fetal/neonatal health. The majority of PABC patients have advanced-stage disease at initial diagnosis and face a significantly poorer prognosis, with decreased survival rates. The most commonly reported adverse obstetrical–fetal events are preterm delivery and prematurity-associated neonatal morbidity, while other neonatal treatment-associated complications might also occur, even when safe therapeutic options are applied during pregnancy. The objective of the present comprehensive review was to summarize current knowledge and up-to-date evidence about the pathophysiological, molecular and biological basis of PABC, as well as its association with adverse maternal, obstetrical, fetal and neonatal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Margioula-Siarkou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Chrysoula Margioula-Siarkou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Petousis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Vavoulidis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kosmas Margaritis
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristarchos Almperis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Costas Haitoglou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Mavromatidis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dinas
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Breast Cancer during Pregnancy as a Special Type of Early-Onset Breast Cancer: Analysis of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Risk Profiles. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152286. [PMID: 35892583 PMCID: PMC9332147 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer during pregnancy (PrBC) is a rare tumor with only a little information on its immune landscape. Here, we sought to characterize the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of PrBC and identify its differences from early-onset breast cancer (EOBC) in non-pregnant women. A total of 83 PrBC and 89 EOBC were selected from our Institutional registry and subjected to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) profiling and immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (clone 22C3). A significantly lower frequency of hormone receptor (HR)-positive tumors was observed in PrBC. The prevalence of low/null PD-L1 and CD8+TILs was higher in PrBC than in the controls, specifically in HR+/HER2– breast cancers. PrBC had a significantly higher risk of relapse and disease-related death, compared to EOBC. The presence of TILs and each TIL subpopulation were significantly associated with disease relapse. Moreover, the death rate was higher in PrBC with CD8+ TILs. The TME of PrBC is characterized by specific patterns of TIL subpopulations with significant biological and prognostic roles. Routine assessment of TILs and TILs subtyping in these patients would be a valid addition to the pathology report that might help identify clinically relevant subsets of women with PrBC.
Collapse
|
7
|
Clinical outcomes and prognostic biomarkers among pregnant, post-partum and nulliparous women with breast cancer: a prospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:797-806. [PMID: 34318391 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare clinical-pathologic characteristics and outcomes of pregnancy-associated, post-partum (PP) and nulliparous (NP) breast cancer (BC) patients and explore mediators of the poor prognosis associated with post-partum BC. METHODS A prospective database of 233 women ≤ 40 years of age diagnosed with BC between February 2008 and January 2015 was analysed. Clinical-pathologic characteristics and outcomes among pregnant, PP and NP patients were compared using chi-square or Kruskal-Wallis tests. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate disease-free survival (DFS), distant DFS and overall survival (OS). Survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. Univariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate factors that were potentially prognostic for the clinical outcomes of interest; a multivariable Cox model was constructed using a forward stepwise selection process. Androgen receptor (AR), GATA3, PDL1 status and the presence/absence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were assessed when possible. Pre-treatment neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were abstracted retrospectively. Statistical significance was defined as a p value ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Women ≤ 2 years PP had a numerically higher incidence of lymph node-positive and high-grade disease and were significantly more likely to have estrogen receptor-negative BC compared to NP controls. With a median follow-up of 7.2 years, increasingly poor outcomes were observed among NP (longest OS), > 2 years PP, ≤ 2 years PP and pregnant (shortest OS) patients, but these differences were not statistically significant. The ≤ 2 years PP group had significantly lower AR expression, a strong trend toward higher PDL1 expression and a higher expression of stromal TILs compared to NP women. CONCLUSIONS PPBC patients had numerically lower DFS and OS compared to NP controls. Higher PDL1 and stromal TILs in PPBC suggest that adjuvant immunotherapy may be effective in the post-partum BC subgroup.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lenaerts L, Che H, Brison N, Neofytou M, Jatsenko T, Lefrère H, Maggen C, Villela D, Verheecke M, Dehaspe L, Croitor A, Hatse S, Wildiers H, Neven P, Vandecaveye V, Floris G, Vermeesch JR, Amant F. Breast Cancer Detection and Treatment Monitoring Using a Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Platform: Utility in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Populations. Clin Chem 2021; 66:1414-1423. [PMID: 33141904 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous publications have reported the incidental detection of occult malignancies upon routine noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT). However, these studies were not designed to evaluate the NIPT performance for cancer detection. METHODS We investigated the sensitivity of a genome-wide NIPT pipeline, called GIPSeq, for detecting cancer-specific copy number alterations (CNAs) in plasma tumor DNA (ctDNA) of patients with breast cancer. To assess whether a pregnancy itself, with fetal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the maternal circulation, might influence the detection of ctDNA, results were compared in pregnant (n = 25) and nonpregnant (n = 25) cancer patients. Furthermore, the ability of GIPSeq to monitor treatment response was assessed. RESULTS Overall GIPSeq sensitivity for detecting cancer-specific CNAs in plasma cfDNA was 26%. Fifteen percent of detected cases were asymptomatic at the time of blood sampling. GIPSeq sensitivity mainly depended on the tumor stage. Also, triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) were more frequently identified compared to hormone-positive or HER2-enriched tumors. This might be due to the presence of high-level gains and losses of cfDNA or high ctDNA loads in plasma of TNBC. Although higher GIPSeq sensitivity was noted in pregnant (36%) than in nonpregnant women (16%), the limited sample size prohibits a definite conclusion. Finally, GIPSeq profiling of cfDNA during therapy allowed monitoring of early treatment response. CONCLUSIONS The results underscore the potential of NIPT-based tests, analyzing CNAs in plasma cfDNA in a genome-wide and unbiased fashion for breast cancer detection, cancer subtyping and treatment monitoring in a pregnant and nonpregnant target population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Lenaerts
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Huiwen Che
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Brison
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Neofytou
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Molecular and Computational Diagnostics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tatjana Jatsenko
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Lefrère
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Maggen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Darine Villela
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magali Verheecke
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, General Hospital Turnhout, Turnhout, Belgium
| | - Luc Dehaspe
- Genomics Core Facility, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anca Croitor
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Unit of Biomedical MRI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Vandecaveye
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Unit of Translational MRI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Unit of Translational Cell & Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Robert Vermeesch
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Genomics Core Facility, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam-University of Amsterdam and The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
CDCA3 Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker Associated with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6622437. [PMID: 33604380 PMCID: PMC7869413 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6622437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell division cycle-associated protein-3 (CDCA3) contributes to the regulation of the cell cycle. CDCA3 plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of various cancers; however, the association between CDCA3 expression, prognosis of patients, and immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment is still unknown. Here, we demonstrated that CDCA3 was differentially expressed between the tumor tissues and corresponding normal tissues using in silico analysis in the ONCOMINE and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) databases. We analyzed the relationship between the expression of CDCA3 and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Furthermore, we determined the prognostic value of CDCA3 expression using univariate and multivariate analyses. We observed that CDCA3 expression closely correlated with immune infiltration and gene markers of infiltrating immune cells in the TIMER database. CDCA3 was highly expressed in the tumor tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues in various cancers, including HCC. Increased expression of CDCA3 was accompanied by poorer overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS). The correlation between CDCA3 expression and OS and disease-free survival (DFS) was also studied using GEPIA. CDCA3 expression was associated with the levels of immune cell infiltration and was positively correlated with tumor purity. Moreover, CDCA3 expression was associated with gene markers such as PD-1, CTLA4, LAG3, and TIM-3 from exhausted T cells, CD3D, CD3E, and CD2 from T cells, and TGFB1 and CCR8 located on the surface of Tregs. Thus, we demonstrated that CDCA3 may be a potential target and biomarker for the management and diagnosis of HCC.
Collapse
|
10
|
Paris I, Di Giorgio D, Carbognin L, Corrado G, Garganese G, Franceschini G, Sanchez AM, De Vincenzo RP, Accetta C, Terribile DA, Magno S, Di Leone A, Bove S, Masetti R, Scambia G. Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 21:e120-e127. [PMID: 32778512 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) during pregnancy is uncommon. It has varied among different studies from 1:10,000 to 1:3000 of all pregnancies, with a median age of 33 years. Pregnancy-associated BC represents a challenge in terms of clinical management to guarantee both maternal and fetal security in choosing the right treatment. This situation is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach, including the surgeon, anesthesiologist, oncologist, radiotherapist, psychologist, and maternal-fetal medicine specialist. In the present review, we examined the management of pregnancy-associated BC, focusing on pathophysiologic background, risk factors, diagnosis, staging procedures, anesthesia, surgical management, and systemic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Paris
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Danilo Di Giorgio
- Gynaecology and Breast Care Center, Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Italy
| | - Luisa Carbognin
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Corrado
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Garganese
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Gynaecology and Breast Care Center, Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Franceschini
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Martin Sanchez
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Pasqualina De Vincenzo
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Accetta
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Andreina Terribile
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Magno
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alba Di Leone
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Bove
- Gynaecology and Breast Care Center, Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huo Q, Li Z, Cheng L, Yang F, Xie N. SIRT7 Is a Prognostic Biomarker Associated With Immune Infiltration in Luminal Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:621. [PMID: 32528869 PMCID: PMC7247806 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7), a protein-coding gene whose abnormal expression and function are associated with carcinogenesis. However, the prognosis of SIRT7 in different breast cancer subtypes and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes remain unclear. Methods: The expression and survival data of SIRT7 in patients with breast cancer were analyzed using Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Gene Expression Profiling Interaction Analysis (GEPIA), The Human Protein Atlas (HPA), UALCAN, Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner (BC-GenExMiner), and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases. Also, the expression correlations between SIRT7 and immune infiltration gene markers were analyzed using TIMER and further verified the results using immunohistochemistry. Results: SIRT7 exhibited higher expression levels in breast cancer tissues than the adjacent normal tissues. SIRT7 expression was significantly correlated with sample type, subclass, cancer stage, menopause status, age, nodal status, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and triple-negative status. High SIRT7 expression was associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer-luminal A [overall survival (OS): hazard ratio (HR) = 1.54, p = 1.70e-02; distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS): HR = 1.56, p = 2.60e-03]. Moreover, the expression of SIRT7 was positively correlated with the expression of IRF5 (M1 macrophages marker, r = 0.165, p = 1.13e-04) and PD1 (T cell exhaustion marker, r = 0.134, p = 1.74e-03). These results suggested that the expression of SIRT7 was related to M1 macrophages and T cell exhaustion infiltration in breast cancer-luminal. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the high expression of SIRT7 indicates poor prognosis in breast cancer as well as increased immune infiltration levels of M1 macrophages and T cell exhaustion in breast cancer-luminal. Thus, SIRT7 may serve as a candidate prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis associated with immune infiltration in breast cancer-luminal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huo
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixin Cheng
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ni Xie
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hamy AS, Derosa L, Valdelièvre C, Yonekura S, Opolon P, Priour M, Guerin J, Pierga JY, Asselain B, De Croze D, Pinheiro A, Lae M, Talagrand LS, Laas E, Darrigues L, Grandal B, Marangoni E, Montaudon E, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L, Reyal F. Comedications influence immune infiltration and pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2019; 9:1677427. [PMID: 32002287 PMCID: PMC6959439 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1677427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosurveillance plays an important role in breast cancer (BC) prognosis and progression, and can be geared by immunogenic chemotherapy. In a cohort of 1023 BC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), 40% of the individuals took comedications mostly linked to aging and comorbidities. We systematically analyzed the off-target effects of 1178 concurrent comedications (classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System) on the density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and pathological complete responses (pCR). At level 1 of the ATC system, the main anatomical classes of drugs were those targeting the nervous system (class N, 39.1%), cardiovascular disorders (class C, 26.6%), alimentary and metabolism (class A, 16.9%), or hormonal preparations (class H, 6.5%). At level 2, the most frequent therapeutic classes were psycholeptics (N05), analgesics (N02), and psychoanaleptics (N06). Pre-NAC TIL density in triple-negative BC (TNBC) was influenced by medications from class H, N, and A, while TIL density in HER2+ BC was associated with the use of class C. Psycholeptics (N05) and agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system (C09) were independently associated with pCR in the whole population of BC or TNBC, and in HER2-positive BC, respectively. Importantly, level 3 hypnotics (N05C) alone were able to reduce tumor growth in BC bearing mice and increased the anti-cancer activity of cyclophosphamide in a T cell-dependent manner. These findings prompt for further exploration of drugs interactions in cancer, and for prospective drug-repositioning strategies to improve the efficacy of NAC in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Hamy
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, Translational Research Department, U932, Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Lisa Derosa
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Satoru Yonekura
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Paule Opolon
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Maël Priour
- Informatics Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Julien Guerin
- Informatics Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Pierga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
| | | | | | - Alice Pinheiro
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, Translational Research Department, U932, Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marick Lae
- Tumor Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Enora Laas
- Department of Surgery, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Preclinical investigation laboratory, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris
| | - Elodie Montaudon
- Preclinical investigation laboratory, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT), Gustave Roussy and Institut Curie, France
| | - Fabien Reyal
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, Translational Research Department, U932, Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Department of Surgery, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Identification of core genes and clinical roles in pregnancy-associated breast cancer based on integrated analysis of different microarray profile datasets. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190019. [PMID: 31171715 PMCID: PMC6591572 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
More women are delaying child-birth. Thus, the diagnosis of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) will continue to increase. The aim of this study was to identify core candidate genes of PABC, and the relevance of the genes on the prognosis of PABC. GSE31192 and GSE53031 microarray profile datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the R package and GEO2R tool. Then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. Moreover, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and the Molecular Complex Detection Cytoscape software plug-in were utilized to visualize protein–protein interactions and to screen candidate genes. A total of 239 DEGs were identified in PABC, including 101 up-regulated genes mainly enriched in fatty acid activation and the fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway, while 138 down-regulated genes particularly involved in activation of DNA fragmentation factor and apoptosis-induced DNA fragmentation. Fourteen hub genes with a high degree of connectivity were selected, including CREB1, ARF3, UBA5, SIAH1, KLHL3, HECTD1, MMP9, TRIM69, MEX3C, ASB6, UBE2Q2, FBXO22, EIF4A3, and PXN. Overall survival (OS) analysis of core candidate genes was performed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and UALCAN websites. High ASB6 expression was associated with worse OS of PABC patients. Molecular subtypes and menopause status were also associated with worse OS for PABC patients. In conclusion, ASB6 could be a potential predictor and therapeutic target in patient with PABC.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sella T, Partridge AH. Reproductive Health Issues for Young Women with Breast Cancer: Emerging Strategies for Difficult Situations. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:1170-1172. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
15
|
Chemosensitivity, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and survival of postpartum PABC patients treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast 2018; 42:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2018.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
16
|
Peccatori FA, Lambertini M, Scarfone G, Del Pup L, Codacci-Pisanelli G. Biology, staging, and treatment of breast cancer during pregnancy: reassessing the evidences. Cancer Biol Med 2018; 15:6-13. [PMID: 29545964 PMCID: PMC5842335 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies during pregnancy. Here, we review the management of women with breast cancer during pregnancy (BCP), focusing on biology, diagnosis and staging, local and systemic treatments, obstetric care and long-term follow-up of children with prenatal exposure to anticancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Giovanna Scarfone
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Lino Del Pup
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao Y, Sun H, Ma L, Liu A. Polysaccharides from the peels of Citrus aurantifolia induce apoptosis in transplanted H22 cells in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:680-689. [PMID: 28363658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an acidic polysaccharide (CAs) was extracted and purified from the peels of Citrus aurantifolia by Sephadex G-150. HPGPC showed the molecular weight of CAs was about 7.94×106Da. Ion chromatography (IC) analysis showed CAs was mainly composed of rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glu), mannose (Man) and galacturonic acid (GalA), with the molar ratio of 0.67: 7.67: 10.83: 3.83: 4.00: 1.00. 1H and 13C NMR spectra of CAs also identified the presence of five kinds of monosaccharides and galacturonic acid. Moreover, the antitumor activity of CAs was evaluated in mice transplanted H22 hepatoma cells. It was shown that CAs dose-dependently suppressed tumor cells growth with few toxic effects on host. Further investigations revealed that CAs increased the levels of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes, blocked tumor cell cycle in S phase, down-regulated anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression, and led to the activation of caspase 3. These results suggested that CAs had capacity of inducing tumor cells apoptosis in vivo, and it supported considering CAs as an adjuvant reagent in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Anjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Peccatori FA, Azim HA. Managing pregnancy-associated breast cancer: Is more really better? Breast 2016; 30:215-216. [PMID: 27371969 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fedro A Peccatori
- European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti, 435-20141 Milan, Italy.
| | - Hatem A Azim
- Institut Jules Bordet, 121 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kroemer G, Senovilla L, Galluzzi L, André F, Zitvogel L. Natural and therapy-induced immunosurveillance in breast cancer. Nat Med 2016; 21:1128-38. [PMID: 26444637 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immunosurveillance theory postulates that tumors evolve and progress in an uncontrolled fashion only when anticancer immune responses fail. Natural immunosurveillance clearly influences human breast cancer (BC) progression because the prognosis of BC patients is dictated by the density, composition and activity of the tumor immune infiltrate at diagnosis. Moreover, chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic regimens commonly employed for the treatment of BC affect the tumor immune infiltrate, and accumulating data suggest that the clinical efficacy of these treatments is largely determined by T cell-dependent tumor-specific immune responses. In addition, the mechanism of action of targeted anticancer therapeutics, such as the erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2)-targeting agent trastuzumab, involves the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. In this Review, we discuss these findings as well as preliminary evidence indicating that immunotherapy constitutes a promising option for the treatment of BC. Moreover, we point out that the successful implementation of immunotherapy to BC management requires the optimization of current immunotherapeutic regimens and the identification of immunological biomarkers that enable improved risk stratification and the design of personalized, dynamic treatment plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Senovilla
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Fabrice André
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,University of Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,University of Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 507 (CICBT 507), Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lambertini M, Kamal NS, Peccatori FA, Del Mastro L, Azim HA. Exploring the safety of chemotherapy for treating breast cancer during pregnancy. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2015; 14:1395-408. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1061500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|