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Vach Agocsova S, Culenova M, Birova I, Omanikova L, Moncmanova B, Danisovic L, Ziaran S, Bakos D, Alexy P. Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4267. [PMID: 37374451 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a thorough overview of the available resorbable biomaterials appropriate for producing replacements for damaged tissues. In addition, their various properties and application possibilities are discussed as well. Biomaterials are fundamental components in tissue engineering (TE) of scaffolds and play a critical role. They need to exhibit biocompatibility, bioactivity, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, to ensure their ability to function effectively with an appropriate host response. With ongoing research and advancements in biomaterials for medical implants, the objective of this review is to explore recently developed implantable scaffold materials for various tissues. The categorization of biomaterials in this paper includes fossil-based materials (e.g., PCL, PVA, PU, PEG, and PPF), natural or bio-based materials (e.g., HA, PLA, PHB, PHBV, chitosan, fibrin, collagen, starch, and hydrogels), and hybrid biomaterials (e.g., PCL/PLA, PCL/PEG, PLA/PEG, PLA/PHB PCL/collagen, PCL/chitosan, PCL/starch, and PLA/bioceramics). The application of these biomaterials in both hard and soft TE is considered, with a particular focus on their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. Furthermore, the interactions between scaffolds and the host immune system in the context of scaffold-driven tissue regeneration are discussed. Additionally, the article briefly mentions the concept of in situ TE, which leverages the self-renewal capacities of affected tissues and highlights the crucial role played by biopolymer-based scaffolds in this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vach Agocsova
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Ivana Birova
- Panara a.s., Krskanska 21, 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | - Barbora Moncmanova
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nabrezie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Ziaran
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nabrezie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbova 5, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Bakos
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Panara a.s., Krskanska 21, 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Alexy
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Panara a.s., Krskanska 21, 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
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Xu Y, Luo Z, Tao Y, Xu M, Liao J. Transforming hydrophobicity of high-density polyethylene surface to hydrophilicity and superoleophobicity by surface grafted with polyvinyl alcohols for oil contaminants cleanup. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Morphology and mechanical property of quenched poly(L-lactide)/N,N-dimethylacetamide gels. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Zhou J, Sun Y, Huang Z, Luo Z, Hu H. Improved antifouling and drug delivery properties of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel by grafting with N‐isopropylacrylamide via organic dye photocatalyzed
PET‐RAFT
polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Yugui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Zixiang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Zhongkuan Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Huiyuan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
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Suflet DM, Popescu I, Pelin IM, Ichim DL, Daraba OM, Constantin M, Fundueanu G. Dual Cross-Linked Chitosan/PVA Hydrogels Containing Silver Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Properties. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1461. [PMID: 34575536 PMCID: PMC8465188 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stable chitosan/PVA-based hydrogels were obtained by combining covalent and physical cross-linking methods. As covalent cross-linkers, epoxy agents with different chain lengths were used, while freeze-thaw cycles were applied for additional physical cross-linking. The chemical structure of the hydrogel was examined by FTIR spectroscopy whereas the morphology was analyzed by SEM, showing well-defined pores with dimensions of around 50 μm in diameter. It was proved that gel fraction and the network morphology were deeply influenced by the synthesis conditions. Chitosan/PVA hydrogel showed a relative high swelling rate, reaching equilibrium in the first hour. The values obtained for the elastic modulus were relatively low (3-30 kPa); as a result, these hydrogels are soft and very flexible, and are ideal candidates for medical applications as wound or oral dressings. In addition, the natural antimicrobial activity of chitosan was enhanced by in situ generation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) under UV irradiation. The total amount of Ag from hydrogel was determined by elemental analyses and its crystalline state was confirmed by XRD. The CS/PVA hydrogels entrapped with AgNPs exhibited high inhibitory activity against S. aureus and K. pneumonia. The vitality tests confirmed the lack of cytotoxicity of CS/PVA hydrogels without and with AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Suflet
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (I.P.); (I.M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Irina Popescu
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (I.P.); (I.M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Irina M. Pelin
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (I.P.); (I.M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Daniela L. Ichim
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 2 Muzicii Str., 700511 Iasi, Romania; (D.L.I.); (O.M.D.)
| | - Oana M. Daraba
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 2 Muzicii Str., 700511 Iasi, Romania; (D.L.I.); (O.M.D.)
| | - Marieta Constantin
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (I.P.); (I.M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Gheorghe Fundueanu
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (I.P.); (I.M.P.); (G.F.)
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6
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Poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) grafted on PVA hydrogel via a novel surface modification method under near-infrared light for enhancement of antifouling properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Improved antifouling properties of PVA hydrogel via an organic semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride catalyzed surface-initiated photo atom transfer radical polymerization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111718. [PMID: 33774491 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An innovative g-C3N4 catalyzed surface-initiated photo atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-photoATRP) has been developed to construct MEDSAH zwitterionic polymer brushes on PVA hydrogel surface. g-C3N4 catalyzed SI-photoATRP is temporal and spatial control. As a heterogeneous reaction system, it can solve the catalyst residues problem. After grafting with MEDSAH, surface chemical composition and morphology of PVA-g-pMEDSAH hydrogel confirmed that MEDSAH was successfully grafted onto PVA hydrogel. Thermal property of PVA-g-pMEDSAH hydrogel decreased and hydrophilicity increased. No statistically significant differences between PVA and PVA-g-pMEDSAH were observed on mechanical properties. Cytotoxicity in vitro of PVA-g-pMEDSAH hydrogel could be considered as no cytotoxicity for L929 and NDHF cells. The antifouling properties of PVA-g-pMEDSAH hydrogel were significantly improved due to the enhancement of the surface hydration and steric repulsion effects caused by pMEDSAH polymer brushes. In addition, g-C3N4 is easier to modify to enhance the photocatalyst property. Thus, the heterogeneous reaction system of g-C3N4 catalyzed SI-photoATRP has huge potential applied in biomaterials surface modification.
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Zeng D, Shen S, Fan D. Molecular design, synthesis strategies and recent advances of hydrogels for wound dressing applications. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Sankari L, Fernandes BL, Rebelatto CLK, Brofman PRS. Evaluation of PVA hydrogel as an extracellular matrix for in vitro study of fibroblast proliferation. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1596915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Sankari
- Graduação em Estética e Cosmética, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Beatriz L. Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologia em Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carmen L. K. Rebelatto
- Centro de Tecnologia Celular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. S. Brofman
- Centro de Tecnologia Celular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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10
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Self-assembly and nanostructure of poly(vinyl alcohol)-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) amphiphilic nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 553:512-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Sasaki S, Yano H, Koda T, Nishioka A, Nonomura Y. Friction Force on Hydrogel Containing Nanoparticles. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Sasaki
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yano
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Tomonori Koda
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nishioka
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshimune Nonomura
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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12
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Samaddar P, Kumar S, Kim KH. Polymer Hydrogels and Their Applications Toward Sorptive Removal of Potential Aqueous Pollutants. POLYM REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2018.1548477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Samaddar
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Montaser A, Rehan M, El-Naggar ME. pH-Thermosensitive hydrogel based on polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/N-isopropyl acrylamide composite for treating re-infected wounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:1016-1024. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Pan H, Fan D, Zhu C, Duan Z, Fu R, Li X. Preparation of physically crosslinked PVA/HLC/SA hydrogel and exploration of its effects on full-thickness skin defects. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1525547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Reserch Institute, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Reserch Institute, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Reserch Institute, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhiguang Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Reserch Institute, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Reserch Institute, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xian Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Reserch Institute, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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15
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Sasaki S, Omata S, Murakami T, Nagasawa N, Taguchi M, Suzuki A. Effect of Gamma Ray Irradiation on Friction Property of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Cast-Drying on Freeze-Thawed Hybrid Gel. Gels 2018; 4:E30. [PMID: 30674806 PMCID: PMC6209256 DOI: 10.3390/gels4020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a biocompatible polymer with low toxicity. It is possible to prepare physically cross-linked PVA gels having hydrogen bonds without using a cross-linking agent. The newly reported physically cross-linked PVA cast-drying (CD) on freeze-thawed (FT) hybrid gel has an excellent friction property, which is expected to be applied as a candidate material for artificial cartilage. Gamma ray sterilization for clinical applications usually causes additional chemical cross-linking and changes physical properties of gels. In this study, CD on FT hybrid gels were irradiated using gamma rays at a different dose rate and irradiance. The results showed the optimized irradiation conditions for gamma irradiated gels to retain excellent friction characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Sasaki
- Research Center for Advanced Biomechanics, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
- Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Seiji Omata
- Research Center for Advanced Biomechanics, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Teruo Murakami
- Research Center for Advanced Biomechanics, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
- Faculty of Fukuoka Medical Technology, Teikyo University, 6-22 Misaki-machi, Omuta 836-8505, Japan.
| | - Naotsugu Nagasawa
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Watanuki 1233, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan.
| | - Mitsumasa Taguchi
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Watanuki 1233, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Research Institute of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
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Sakai N, Yarimitsu S, Sawae Y, Komori M, Murakami T. Transitional behaviour between biphasic lubrication and soft elastohydrodynamic lubrication of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel using microelectromechanical system pressure sensor. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1049/bsbt.2018.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Sakai
- Integrated System EngineeringKyushu Institute of TechnologyKitakyushuJapan
| | - Seido Yarimitsu
- Intelligent Mechanical SystemsSystem DesignTokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshinori Sawae
- Mechanical EngineeringKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Research Center for Advanced BiomechanicsKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Mochimitsu Komori
- Integrated System EngineeringKyushu Institute of TechnologyKitakyushuJapan
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Yao H, Kang J, Li W, Liu J, Xie R, Wang Y, Liu S, Wang DA, Ren L. Novel
β
-TCP/PVA bilayered hydrogels with considerable physical and bio-functional properties for osteochondral repair. Biomed Mater 2017; 13:015012. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa8541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Lee JM, Sultan MT, Kim SH, Kumar V, Yeon YK, Lee OJ, Park CH. Artificial Auricular Cartilage Using Silk Fibroin and Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1707. [PMID: 28777314 PMCID: PMC5578097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several methods for auricular cartilage engineering use tissue engineering techniques. However, an ideal method for engineering auricular cartilage has not been reported. To address this issue, we developed a strategy to engineer auricular cartilage using silk fibroin (SF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel. We constructed different hydrogels with various ratios of SF and PVA by using salt leaching, silicone mold casting, and freeze-thawing methods. We characterized each of the hydrogels in terms of the swelling ratio, tensile strength, pore size, thermal properties, morphologies, and chemical properties. Based on the cell viability results, we found a blended hydrogel composed of 50% PVA and 50% SF (P50/S50) to be the best hydrogel among the fabricated hydrogels. An intact 3D ear-shaped auricular cartilage formed six weeks after the subcutaneous implantation of a chondrocyte-seeded 3D ear-shaped P50/S50 hydrogel in rats. We observed mature cartilage with a typical lacunar structure both in vitro and in vivo via histological analysis. This study may have potential applications in auricular tissue engineering with a human ear-shaped hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Md Tipu Sultan
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Soon Hee Kim
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Yeung Kyu Yeon
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Ok Joo Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-704, Korea.
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