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Vach Agocsova S, Culenova M, Birova I, Omanikova L, Moncmanova B, Danisovic L, Ziaran S, Bakos D, Alexy P. Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4267. [PMID: 37374451 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a thorough overview of the available resorbable biomaterials appropriate for producing replacements for damaged tissues. In addition, their various properties and application possibilities are discussed as well. Biomaterials are fundamental components in tissue engineering (TE) of scaffolds and play a critical role. They need to exhibit biocompatibility, bioactivity, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, to ensure their ability to function effectively with an appropriate host response. With ongoing research and advancements in biomaterials for medical implants, the objective of this review is to explore recently developed implantable scaffold materials for various tissues. The categorization of biomaterials in this paper includes fossil-based materials (e.g., PCL, PVA, PU, PEG, and PPF), natural or bio-based materials (e.g., HA, PLA, PHB, PHBV, chitosan, fibrin, collagen, starch, and hydrogels), and hybrid biomaterials (e.g., PCL/PLA, PCL/PEG, PLA/PEG, PLA/PHB PCL/collagen, PCL/chitosan, PCL/starch, and PLA/bioceramics). The application of these biomaterials in both hard and soft TE is considered, with a particular focus on their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. Furthermore, the interactions between scaffolds and the host immune system in the context of scaffold-driven tissue regeneration are discussed. Additionally, the article briefly mentions the concept of in situ TE, which leverages the self-renewal capacities of affected tissues and highlights the crucial role played by biopolymer-based scaffolds in this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vach Agocsova
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Ivana Birova
- Panara a.s., Krskanska 21, 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | - Barbora Moncmanova
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nabrezie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Ziaran
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nabrezie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbova 5, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Bakos
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Panara a.s., Krskanska 21, 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Alexy
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Panara a.s., Krskanska 21, 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
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Fogašová M, Figalla S, Danišová L, Medlenová E, Hlaváčiková S, Vanovčanová Z, Omaníková L, Baco A, Horváth V, Mikolajová M, Feranc J, Bočkaj J, Plavec R, Alexy P, Repiská M, Přikryl R, Kontárová S, Báreková A, Sláviková M, Koutný M, Fayyazbakhsh A, Kadlečková M. PLA/PHB-Based Materials Fully Biodegradable under Both Industrial and Home-Composting Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194113. [PMID: 36236060 PMCID: PMC9572414 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to make bioplastics accessible for a wider spectrum of applications, ready-to-use plastic material formulations should be available with tailored properties. Ideally, these kinds of materials should also be “home-compostable” to simplify their organic recycling. Therefore, materials based on PLA (polylactid acid) and PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate) blends are presented which contain suitable additives, and some of them contain also thermoplastic starch as a filler, which decreases the price of the final compound. They are intended for various applications, as documented by products made out of them. The produced materials are fully biodegradable under industrial composting conditions. Surprisingly, some of the materials, even those which contain more PLA than PHB, are also fully biodegradable under home-composting conditions within a period of about six months. Experiments made under laboratory conditions were supported with data obtained from a kitchen waste pilot composter and from municipal composting plant experiments. Material properties, environmental conditions, and microbiology data were recorded during some of these experiments to document the biodegradation process and changes on the surface and inside the materials on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Fogašová
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Silvestr Figalla
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucia Danišová
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Elena Medlenová
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Slávka Hlaváčiková
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Vanovčanová
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Leona Omaníková
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Baco
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vojtech Horváth
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Mária Mikolajová
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Feranc
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Bočkaj
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Roderik Plavec
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Alexy
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Repiská
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Radek Přikryl
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Kontárová
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Báreková
- Department of Landscape Engineering, Hortyculture and Landscape Engineering Faculty, Slovak University of Agriculture, Hospodárska 7, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Sláviková
- Department of Landscape Engineering, Hortyculture and Landscape Engineering Faculty, Slovak University of Agriculture, Hospodárska 7, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Koutný
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Nad Ovčírnou III 3685, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Ahmad Fayyazbakhsh
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Nad Ovčírnou III 3685, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Kadlečková
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Nad Ovčírnou III 3685, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
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Plavec R, Horváth V, Hlaváčiková S, Omaníková L, Repiská M, Medlenová E, Feranc J, Kruželák J, Přikryl R, Figalla S, Kontárová S, Baco A, Danišová L, Vanovčanová Z, Alexy P. Influence of Multiple Thermomechanical Processing of 3D Filaments Based on Polylactic Acid and Polyhydroxybutyrate on Their Rheological and Utility Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14101947. [PMID: 35631830 PMCID: PMC9143941 DOI: 10.3390/polym14101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on material recycling of a biodegradable blend based on PLA and PHB for multiple applications of biodegradable polymeric material under real conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of multiple processing of a biodegradable polymer blend under the trade name NONOILEN®, which was processed under laboratory as well as industrial conditions. In this article, we report on testing the effect of blending and multiple processing on thermomechanical stability, molecular characteristics, as well as thermophysical and mechanical properties of experimental- and industrial-type tested material suitable for FDM 3D technology. The results showed that the studied material degraded during blending and subsequently during multiple processing. Even after partial degradation, which was demonstrated by a decrease in average molecular weight and a decrease in complex viscosity in the process of multiple reprocessing, there was no significant change in the material’s thermophysical properties, either in laboratory or industrial conditions. There was also no negative impact on the strength characteristics of multiple processed samples. The results of this work show that a biodegradable polymer blend based on PLA and PHB is a suitable candidate for material recycling even in industrial processing conditions. In addition, the results suggest that the biodegradable polymeric material NONOILEN® 3D 3056-2 is suitable for multiple uses in FDM technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderik Plavec
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vojtech Horváth
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Slávka Hlaváčiková
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Leona Omaníková
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Martina Repiská
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Elena Medlenová
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Jozef Feranc
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Ján Kruželák
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Radek Přikryl
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Silvestr Figalla
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Soňa Kontárová
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Andrej Baco
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Lucia Danišová
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Zuzana Vanovčanová
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Pavol Alexy
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
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Žiaran S, Culenova M, Debreova M, Smolinska V, Bírova I, Alexy P, Topoliová K, Klein M, Danisovic L. Novel PHB/PLA/TPS scaffold seeded by UDSCs as unique source for tissue engeneering in urethral repair. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)00778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Culenova M, Birova I, Alexy P, Galfyova P, Nicodemou A, Moncmanova B, Plavec R, Tomanova K, Mencik P, Ziaran S, Danisovic L. In Vitro Characterization of Poly(Lactic Acid)/ Poly(Hydroxybutyrate)/ Thermoplastic Starch Blends for Tissue Engineering Application. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211021003. [PMID: 34053231 PMCID: PMC8182627 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211021003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex in vitro characterization of a blended material based on Poly(Lactic Acid), Poly(Hydroxybutyrate), and Thermoplastic Starch (PLA/PHB/TPS) was performed in order to evaluate its potential for application in the field of tissue engineering. We focused on the biological behavior of the material as well as its mechanical and morphological properties. We also focused on the potential of the blend to be processed by the 3D printer which would allow the fabrication of the custom-made scaffold. Several blends recipes were prepared and characterized. This material was then studied in the context of scaffold fabrication. Scaffold porosity, wettability, and cell-scaffold interaction were evaluated as well. MTT test and the direct contact cytotoxicity test were applied in order to evaluate the toxic potential of the blended material. Biocompatibility studies were performed on the human chondrocytes. According to our results, we assume that material had no toxic effect on the cell culture and therefore could be considered as biocompatible. Moreover, PLA/PHB/TPS blend is applicable for 3D printing. Printed scaffolds had highly porous morphology and were able to absorb water as well. In addition, cells could adhere and proliferate on the scaffold surface. We conclude that this blend has potential for scaffold engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Culenova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivana Birova
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Alexy
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Paulina Galfyova
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andreas Nicodemou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Moncmanova
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Roderik Plavec
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Tomanova
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Premysl Mencik
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Ziaran
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Regenmed Ltd., 811 02 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Alexy P, Anklam E, Emans T, Furfari A, Galgani F, Hanke G, Koelmans A, Pant R, Saveyn H, Sokull Kluettgen B. Managing the analytical challenges related to micro- and nanoplastics in the environment and food: filling the knowledge gaps. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 37:1-10. [PMID: 31596687 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1673905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper identifies knowledge gaps on the sustainability and impacts of plastics and presents some recommendations from an expert group that met at a special seminar organised by the European Commission at the end of 2018. The benefits of plastics in society are unquestionable, but there is an urgent need to better manage their value chain. The recently adopted European Strategy for Plastics stressed the need to tackle the challenges related to plastics with a focus on plastic litter including microplastics. Microplastics have been detected mainly in the marine environment, but also in freshwater, soil and air. Based on today's knowledge they may also be present in food products. Although nanoplastics have not yet been detected, it can be assumed that they are also present in the environment. This emerging issue presents challenges to better understand future research needs and the appropriate immediate actions to be taken to support the necessary societal and policy initiatives. It has become increasingly apparent that a broad and systematic approach is required to achieve sustainable actions and solutions along the entire supply chain. It is recognised that there is a pressing need for the monitoring of the environment and food globally. However, despite the number of research projects increasing, there is still a lack of suitable and validated analytical methods for detection and quantification of micro- and nanoplastics. There is also a lack of hazard and fate data which would allow for their risk assessment. Some priorities are identified in this paper to bridge the knowledge gaps for appropriate management of these challenges. At the same time it is acknowledged that there is a great complexity in the challenges that need to be tackled before a really comprehensive environmental assessment of plastics, covering their entire life cycle, will be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Alexy
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Elke Anklam
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Ton Emans
- Plastics Recyclers Europe, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Francois Galgani
- French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), Bastia, France
| | - Georg Hanke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Albert Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rana Pant
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Hans Saveyn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Sevilla, Spain
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Menčík P, Přikryl R, Stehnová I, Melčová V, Kontárová S, Figalla S, Alexy P, Bočkaj J. Effect of Selected Commercial Plasticizers on Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(lactic acid)/Plasticizer Biodegradable Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) Print. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11101893. [PMID: 30282917 PMCID: PMC6213132 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the influence of selected commercial plasticizers structure, which are based on esters of citric acid, on mechanical and thermal properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(lactic acid)/Plasticizer biodegradable blends. These plasticizers were first tested with respect to their miscibility with Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(lactic acid) (PHB/PLA) blends using a kneading machine. PHB/PLA/plasticizer blends in the weight ratio (wt %) of 60/25/15 were then prepared by single screw and corotating meshing twin screw extruders in the form of filament for further three-dimensional (3D) printing. Mechanical, thermal properties, and shape stability (warping effect) of 3D printed products can be improved just by the addition of appropriate plasticizer to polymeric blend. The goal was to create new types of eco-friendly PHB/PLA/plasticizers blends and to highly improve the poor mechanical properties of neat PHB/PLA blends (with majority of PHB) by adding appropriate plasticizer. Mechanical properties of plasticized blends were then determined by the tensile test of 3D printed test samples (dogbones), as well as filaments. Measured elongation at break rapidly enhanced from 21% for neat non-plasticized PHB/PLA blends (reference) to 328% for best plasticized blends in the form of filament, and from 5% (reference) to 187% for plasticized blends in the form of printed dogbones. The plasticizing effect on blends was confirmed by Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The study of morphology was performed by the Scanning Electron Microscopy. Significant problem of plasticized blends used to be also plasticizer migration, therefore the diffusion of plasticizers from the blends after 15 days of exposition to 110 °C in the drying oven was investigated as their measured weight loss. Almost all of the used plasticizers showed meaningful positive softening effects, but the diffusion of plasticizers at 110 °C exposition was quite extensive. The determination of the degree of disintegration of selected plasticized blend when exposed to a laboratory-scale composting environment was executed to roughly check the “biodegradability”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Přemysl Menčík
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Přikryl
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Stehnová
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Melčová
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Soňa Kontárová
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Silvestr Figalla
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavol Alexy
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ján Bočkaj
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Sedničková M, Pekařová S, Kucharczyk P, Bočkaj J, Janigová I, Kleinová A, Jochec-Mošková D, Omaníková L, Perďochová D, Koutný M, Sedlařík V, Alexy P, Chodák I. Changes of physical properties of PLA-based blends during early stage of biodegradation in compost. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:434-442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mosnáčková K, Šišková A, Janigová I, Kollár J, Šlosár M, Chmela Š, Alexy P, Chodák I, Bočkaj J, Mosnáček J. Ageing of plasticized poly(lactic acid)/poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) blend films under artificial UV irradiation and under real agricultural conditions during their application as mulches‡. Chemical Papers 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/chempap-2016-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe paper is aimed on the investigation of natural ageing of plasticized poly(lactic acid)/poly(
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Vanovčanová Z, Alexy P, Feranc J, Plavec R, Bočkaj J, Kaliňáková L, Tomanová K, Perďochová D, Šariský D, Gálisová I. Effect of PHB on the properties of biodegradable PLA blends. Chemical Papers 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/chempap-2016-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBlends of biodegradable polymers polylactic acid/thermoplastic starch/polyhydroxybutyrate (PLA/TPS/PHB) were prepared using a twin-screw extruder. The TPS content was constant (50 %) and the PHB content in the blends was gradually changed from 0 mass % to 20 mass %. TPS was prepared by melting, where a mixture of native starch, water and glycerol was fed into the twin-screw extruder. Average temperature of extrusion was 180 °C and the concentration of glycerol was 40 mass %. Influence of the PHB concentration in the blend and that of the processing technology on the mechanical and rheological properties of the PLA/PHB composition containing TPS were studied. Mechanical properties were measured 24 h after the film and monofilament preparation and also after the specific storage time to study the effect of storage on the properties. The results indicate that differences in morphology strongly influence the mechanical properties of the studied materials with identical material composition.
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Olčák D, Hronský V, Kovaľaková M, Vrábel P, Chodák I, Alexy P. High-Resolution Solid-State NMR Characterization of Morphology in Annealed Polylactic Acid. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2015.1033831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ujhelyiová A, Dulíková M, Borsig E, Alexy P, Brejka O, Marcinčin A. Measurement Modification of Barrier Properties against UV Irradiation of PP Composite Fibres. INT POLYM PROC 2012. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Besides comfort and hygiene of textile materials sufficient barrier properties, such as protection against ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, are also often required. For the evaluation of barrier properties of textile materials against UV irradiation, a quantitative expression, “ultraviolet protection factor (UPF)”, is used. This factor correlates with the time period of human skin protection against UV irradiation in the open air. One of the experimental methods for quantitative UPF evaluation involves a spectrophotometric method of fabric testing. This paper describes a novel modification approach to transfer this method to non-woven and non-knitted fabrics. The aim of the transformation was to modify the used method to determine barrier properties of polymer composite fibres so that the measurement could be simplified while keeping the reliability of the obtained results. As a testing material samples of polypropylene fibres with dispersed nanoTiO2 filler reeled on the sheet-metal frame were used. The results show that this modified method gives reliable results and is suitable for development of new kinds of fibres with higher barrier protection against UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ujhelyiová
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Department of Fibres and Textile Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - M. Dulíková
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Department of Fibres and Textile Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - E. Borsig
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Department of Fibres and Textile Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - P. Alexy
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Department of Fibres and Textile Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - O. Brejka
- Research Institute for Man-Made Fibres a.s., Svit, Slovak Republic
| | - A. Marcinčin
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Department of Fibres and Textile Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Julinová M, Kupec J, Alexy P, Hoffmann J, Sedlařík V, Vojtek T, Chromčáková J, Bugaj P. Lignin and starch as potential inductors for biodegradation of films based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and protein hydrolysate. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kramárová Z, Alexy P, Chodák I, Špirk E, Hudec I, Košíková B, Gregorová A, Šúri P, Feranc J, Bugaj P, Ďuračka M. Biopolymers as fillers for rubber blends. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kukolikova L, Bakos D, Alexy P, Hanzelova S, Zhong W. Optimization of the properties of chitosan lactate/hyaluronan film. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mlynarčíková Z, Borsig E, Legéň J, Marcinčin A, Alexy P. Influence of the Composition of Polypropylene/Organoclay Nanocomposite Fibers on their Tensile Strength. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/ma-200056322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Alexy P, Košíková B, Crkonová G, Gregorová A, Martiš P. Modification of lignin-polyethylene blends with high lignin content using ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer as modifier. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Alexy P, Lacı́k I, Šimková B, Bakoš D, Prónayová N, Liptaj T, Hanzelová S, Várošová M. Effect of melt processing on thermo-mechanical degradation of poly(vinyl alcohol)s. Polym Degrad Stab 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chiellini E, Cinelli P, Ilieva VI, Ceccanti A, Alexy P, Bakos D. Biodegradable hybrid polymer films based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and collagen hydrolyzate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200350712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hoffmann J, Řeznı́čková I, Kozáková J, Růžička J, Alexy P, Bakoš D, Precnerová L. Assessing biodegradability of plastics based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and protein wastes. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Crkoňová G, Alexy P, Bakoš D, Kolomazník K, Šimková B, Precnerová L. Blends of polyvinylalcohol with collagen hydrolysate: properties of water-soluble blown films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3900(200106)170:1<51::aid-masy51>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Khunova V, Liauw CM, Alexy P. The role ofm-phenylenedimaleimide in reactive processing of poly(propylene)/magnesium hydroxide composites, 2. Effect of processing temperature and composite formulation on rheological properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-9505(19990801)269:1<84::aid-apmc84>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Khunova V, Liauw CM, Alexy P, Sain MM. The role of m-phenylenedimaleimide in reactive processing of poly(propylene)/magnesium hydroxide composites. 1. Effect of processing temperature and composite formulation on mechanical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-9505(19990801)269:1<78::aid-apmc78>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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