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Zhou Y, Yang W, Zhu S, Wei J, Zhou X, Wang M, Lu H. Evaluation of Aromatic Characteristics and Potential Applications of Hemerocallis L. Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Molecules 2024; 29:2712. [PMID: 38893586 PMCID: PMC11173393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemerocallis L. possesses abundant germplasm resources and holds significant value in terms of ornamental, edible, and medicinal aspects. However, the quality characteristics vary significantly depending on different varieties. Selection of a high-quality variety with a characteristic aroma can increase the economic value of Hemerocallis flowers. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is an effective decision-making method for comparing and evaluating multiple characteristic dimensions. By applying AHP, the aromatic character of 60 varieties of Hemerocallis flowers were analyzed and evaluated in the present study. Headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was employed to identify volatile components in Hemerocallis flowers. Thirteen volatile components were found to contribute to the aroma of Hemerocallis flowers, which helps in assessing their potential applications in essential oil, aromatherapy, and medical treatment. These components include 2-phenylethanol, geraniol, linalool, nonanal, decanal, (E)-β-ocimene, α-farnesene, indole, nerolidol, 3-furanmethanol, 3-carene, benzaldehyde and benzenemethanol. The varieties with better aromatic potential can be selected from a large amount of data using an AHP model. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the aroma components in Hemerocallis flowers, offers guidance for breeding, and enhances the economic value of Hemerocallis flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Siyi Zhu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jianan Wei
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Minglong Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hongxiu Lu
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Shanghai 201699, China
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Gomes de Carvalho NK, Wellisson da Silva Mendes J, Martins da Costa JG. Quinones: Biosynthesis, Characterization of 13 C Spectroscopical Data and Pharmacological Activities. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301365. [PMID: 37926679 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Quinones are natural products widely distributed in nature, which are involved in stages of several vital biological processes, with mostly having a variety of pharmacological properties. The main groups comprising most of these compounds are benzoquinones, naphthoquinones, anthraquinones, and phenanthraquinones. Quinone isolation has been a focus of study around the world in recent years; for this reason, this study approaches the junction of natural quinones identified by 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analytical techniques. The methodology used to obtain the data collected articles from various databases on quinones from 2000 to 2022. As a result, 137 compounds were selected, among which 70 were characterized for the first time in the period investigated; moreover, the study also discusses the biosynthetic pathways of quinones and the pharmacological activities of the compounds found, giving an overview of the various applications of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Kelly Gomes de Carvalho
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia - RENORBIO, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700 - Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Johnatan Wellisson da Silva Mendes
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luíz, 1161 - Pimenta, 63105-010, Crato, Ceará, Brasil
| | - José Galberto Martins da Costa
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia - RENORBIO, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700 - Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
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3
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Nguengang RT, Tchegnitegni BT, Ateba JET, Tabekoueng GB, Awantu AF, Bankeu JJK, Chouna JR, Nkenfou CN, Sewald N, Lenta BN. Antibacterial constituents of Rumex nepalensis spreng and its emodin derivatives. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3935-3946. [PMID: 36584290 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2162894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The CH2Cl2-MeOH (1:1) extract of roots of Rumex nepalensis (Polygonaceae) displayed significant antibacterial activity against five bacterial strains with MICs (62.5-31.2 μg.mL-1). The EtOAc soluble fraction displayed a significant activity against the same strains with MICs (31.2-3.9 μg.mL-1). The purification of the EtOAc fraction yielded one new phenylisobenzofuranone derivative, berquaertiide (1), along with 19 known compounds (2-20). Their structures were elucidated based on the analysis of their NMR and MS data. All the isolated compounds were assessed for their antibacterial activity. Compound 2 was the most active against all the tested strains (15.7 to 1.9 μg.mL-1), while compounds 3-7 displayed good activities on at least one of the tested strains. In addition, seven analogues (21-27) of compound 2 were prepared and further assessed for their antibacterial activity. Compounds 26 and 27 were most active than 2 against Salmonella enterica and Klebsiella pneumoniae with MIC (125 and 15.6 μg.mL-1, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruland Tchuinkeu Nguengang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Joel Eddy Terence Ateba
- Department of Process Engineering, National Polytechnique School, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Angelbert Fusi Awantu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Rodolphe Chouna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Celine Nguefeu Nkenfou
- Department of Biology, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bruno Ndjakou Lenta
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Ho DV, Nguyen HT, Vu TY, Pham TV, Nguyen HM. Antioxidant Activity of a New Xanthone Derivative from Aspidistra Letreae: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2001008. [PMID: 33660915 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new xanthone derivative, aspidxanthone A (1), and three known compounds ((2S)-1-(β-D-galactopyranosyloxy)-3-(hexadecanoyloxy)propan-2-yl (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate (2), (25S)-spirostane-1β,3α,5β-triol (3), and asparenyldiol (4)) were isolated from the whole of the endemic species Aspidistra letreae in Vietnam. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with published data. In this study, we report the isolation and structure elucidation of a new compound aspidxanthone A, antioxidant activities of the extract and isolates 1-4, and in silico molecular docking of aspidxanthone A. The ethyl acetate extract had good antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 26.3 μg mL-1 . Among the isolates, aspidxanthone A exhibited DPPH reduction activity with an IC50 value of 11.2 μM, which is in the same range as that of the positive control, ascorbic acid. The mechanism of action of aspidxanthone A on the tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase proteins have been clarified by in silico studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Viet Ho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, 49000, Vietnam
| | - Hoai Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, 49000, Vietnam
| | - Thien-Y Vu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ty Viet Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hue University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue City, 49000, Vietnam
| | - Hien Minh Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
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Abd El-kader AM, Mahmoud BK, Hajjar D, Mohamed MFA, Hayallah AM, Abdelmohsen UR. Antiproliferative activity of new pentacyclic triterpene and a saponin from Gladiolus segetum Ker-Gawl corms supported by molecular docking study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22730-22741. [PMID: 35514559 PMCID: PMC9054649 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02775h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new triterpenoidal saponin identified as 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-d-xylopyranosyl]-2β,3β,16α-trihydroxyolean-12-en-23,28-dioic acid-28-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-arabinopyranoside 1 together with a new oleanane triterpene identified as 2β,3β,13α,22α-tetrahydroxy olean-23,28-dioic acid 2 and 6 known compounds (3–8) have been isolated from Gladiolus segetum Ker-Gawl corms. The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was confirmed using different chemical and spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments as well as HR-ESI-MS. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the fractions and that of the isolated compounds 1–8 were investigated against five human cancer cell lines (PC-3, A-549, HePG-2, MCF-7 and HCT-116) using doxorubicin as a reference drug. The results showed that the saponin fraction exhibited potent in vitro cytotoxic activity against the five human cancer cell lines, whereas the maximum activity was exhibited against the PC-3 and A-549 cell lines with the IC50 values of 1.13 and 1.98 μg mL−1, respectively. In addition, compound 1 exhibited potent activity against A-549 and PC-3 with the IC50 values of 2.41 μg mL−1 and 3.45 μg mL−1, respectively. Interestingly, compound 2 showed the maximum activity against PC-3 with an IC50 of 2.01 μg mL−1. These biological results were in harmony with that of the molecular modeling study, which showed that the cytotoxic activity of compound 2 might occur through the inhibition of the HER-2 enzyme. A new triterpenoidal saponin 1, a new oleanane triterpene 2, and 6 known compounds (3–8) have been isolated from Gladiolus segetum Ker-Gawl corms.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dina Hajjar
- Department of Biochemistry
- Collage of Science
- University of Jeddah
- 80203 Jeddah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh F. A. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Sohag University
- 82524 Sohag
- Egypt
| | - Alaa M. Hayallah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Deraya University
- Minia
- Egypt
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Matraszek-Gawron R, Chwil M, Terlecka P, Skoczylas MM. Recent Studies on Anti-Depressant Bioactive Substances in Selected Species from the Genera Hemerocallis and Gladiolus: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040172. [PMID: 31775329 PMCID: PMC6958339 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal therapy is a potential alternative applied to pharmacological alleviation of depression symptoms and treatment of this disorder, which is predicted by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be the most serious health problem worldwide over the next several years. It has been well documented that many herbs with psychotropic effects have far fewer side effects than a variety of pharmaceutical agents used by psychiatrists for the treatment of depression. This systematic review presents literature data on the antidepressant activity of representatives of the genera Hemerocallis (H. fulva and H. citrina Baroni, family Xanthorrhoeaceae) and Gladiolus (G. dalenii, family Iridaceae) and on biologically active compounds and their mechanisms of action to consider the application of herbal preparations supporting the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Matraszek-Gawron
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mirosława Chwil
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-66-24
| | - Paulina Terlecka
- Chair and Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał M. Skoczylas
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Unii Lubelskiej Street, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
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Bae JY, Ali Z, Wang YH, Chittiboyina AG, Zaki AA, Viljoen AM, Khan IA. Anthraquinone-Based Specialized Metabolites from Rhizomes of Bulbine natalensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1893-1901. [PMID: 31287681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rhizomes of Bulbine natalensis furnished six previously unreported anthraquinone derivatives (1-6), together with eight known specialized metabolites. Their structures were determined by interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-6 were determined by specific rotation and circular dichroism experiments. The isolated compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activities, and compound 1 was found to be a moderate inhibitor (IC50 0.02 μM) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeong Bae
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Ahmed A Zaki
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Alvaro M Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit , Tshwane University of Technology , Pretoria 0001 , South Africa
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
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Diaz-Muñoz G, Miranda IL, Sartori SK, de Rezende DC, Diaz MA. Anthraquinones: An Overview. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64056-7.00011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lu J, Shang L, Wen H, Huang J, Li G, Wang J. Structural identification and biological activity of six new Shellolic esters from Lac. Fitoterapia 2017; 125:221-226. [PMID: 29197541 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Six new sesquiterpenoid esters, named Shellolic ester A-F (1-6), along with four known Lac dyes (7-10) were isolated from methanol extract of the secretions of Laccifer lacca. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses (IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and by comparison with published data. Biological activities evaluation of the isolates showed that they were inactive against human cancer cell lines (HepG2, MCF-7, Hela and C6) and LPS-treated RAW264.7, which is well consistent with that Lac resin used as nontoxic material in agriculture applications, pharmaceutical formulations, and food additives. However, compound 2, 4, 7, 9, 10 were found to be considerable active against B. subtilis, E. coli, and S. aureus microorganisms. The results complements the current knowledge about Lac produced from China. Meanwhile, Our present study further reveals that Lac resin are edible with no toxicity and physiologically harmless at the level employed as an excipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Shenzhen Neptunus Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518075, China
| | - Lei Shang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Huimin Wen
- Institution of Life Science and Biology Pharmacopedia, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016,China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Guoyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumuqi 830054, China.
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Le MH, Do TTH, Phan VK, Chau VM, Nguyen THV, Nguyen XN, Bui HT, Pham QL, Bui KA, Kim SH, Hong HJ, Kim S, Koh YS, Kim YH. Chemical Constituents of the Rhizome of Eleutherine bulbosa and Their Inhibitory Effect on the Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.2.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bunluepuech K, Sudsai T, Wattanapiromsakul C, Tewtrakul S. Inhibition on HIV-1 Integrase Activity and Nitric Oxide Production of Compounds from Ficus glomerata. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An ethanol Ficus glomerata wood extract and its purified components were investigated for their HIV-1 integrase (IN) and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities. From bioassay-guided isolation, five compounds: β-sitosterol-D-glucoside (1), aloe-emodin (2), genistein (3), 1,3,6-trihydroxy-8-methyl-anthraquinone (4) and 3-(1- C-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid (5) were isolated. Among the tested samples, at concentrations of 100 μM; compound 2 showed 31.9% inhibition of HIV-1 IN, followed by 4 (19.5%), whereas other compounds were inactive. With regard to the inhibitory effect on NO production, 3 possessed the highest activity with an IC50 value of 27.5 μM, followed by 4 (IC50 = 34.7 μM) and 2 (IC50 = 41.8 μM), respectively. This is the first time that compounds 2-5 have been isolated from Ficus glomerata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingkan Bunluepuech
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Teeratad Sudsai
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Wattanapiromsakul
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Supinya Tewtrakul
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Abdessemed D, Fontanay S, Duval RE, Mattar DL, Dibi A. Two New Anthraquinone Glycosides from Gladiolus segetum. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-010-0015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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