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Li L, Deng L, Li J, Li T, Chen P, Luo W, Du Z. Gill structure and respiratory ability of Euchiloglanis kishinouyei (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes: Sisoridae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:1382-1391. [PMID: 37650846 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Glyptosternoid fishes are distributed in the torrent environment of alpine canyons, where they often leave the water to climb rocky cliffs. As one of the most primitive species of glyptosternoid fishes, Euchiloglanis kishinouyei was examined in the current study to analyse its gill microstructure and respiratory ability. We first found that the oxygen consumption rate was relatively high and negatively correlated with body mass and that the average oxygen consumption at night was higher than during the day. The asphyxiation point of E. kishinouyei (5.05 ± 0.22 g) was c. 1.93 mg/L. Subsequently, the surface morphology, gross gill tissue structure, and ultra-microstructure of gill lamellae were investigated using optical microscopy and SEM. The gills showed an overall trend of regression, with five pairs of gill arches in each gill cavity. The adjacent gill filaments had large gaps, and the gill lamellae were thick. The gill filaments were closely arranged on the gill arches, their folded respiratory surface was highly vascularized with no tiny crest, and there were obvious tiny crests, grooves, pits, and pores on the nonrespiratory surface. The gill lamellae were closely embedded on both sides of gill filaments, which were composed of flat epithelial cells, basement membrane, pillar cells, and mucous cells. The gill total respiratory area correlated positively with body mass and length, whereas the gill relative respiratory area correlated negatively with body mass. We comprehensively analysed the gill microstructure and respiratory capacity of E. kishinouyei to provide fundamental data for the adaptive evolution of the gill structures of bimodally respiring fishes and offer insights into further study on the accessory air-breathing function of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luojia Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longjun Deng
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Sichuan Runjie Hongda Aquatic Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiancai Li
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongjun Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Zou Y, Chen W, Xia B, Xiang Y, Shen Z, Han Y, Xue S. Ammonia Toxicity in the Bighead Carp ( Aristichthys nobilis): Hematology, Antioxidation, Immunity, Inflammation and Stress. TOXICS 2023; 11:243. [PMID: 36977008 PMCID: PMC10058388 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the main environmental pollutants that affect the survival and growth of fish. The toxic effects on blood biochemistry, oxidative stress, immunity, and stress response of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) under ammonia exposure were studied. Bighead carp were exposed to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations of 0 mg/L, 3.955 mg/L, 7.91 mg/L, 11.865 mg/L, and 15.82 mg/L for 96 h. The results showed that ammonia exposure significantly reduced hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell, white blood cell count, and platelet count and significantly increased the plasma calcium level of carp. Serum total protein, albumin, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase changed significantly after ammonia exposure. Ammonia exposure can induce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (Mn-SOD, CAT, and GPx) increases at the initial stage of ammonia exposure, while MDA accumulates and antioxidant enzyme activity decreases after ammonia stress. Ammonia poisoning changes the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines; promotes the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-1β; and inhibits IL-10. Furthermore, ammonia exposure led to increases in stress indexes such as cortisol, blood glucose, adrenaline, and T3, and increases in heat shock protein 70 and heat shock protein 90 content and gene expression. Ammonia exposure caused oxidative stress, immunosuppression, inflammation, and a stress reaction in bighead carp.
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Zhang C, Ma J, Qi Q, Xu M, Xu R. Effects of ammonia exposure on anxiety behavior, oxidative stress and inflammation in guppy (Poecilia reticulate). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 265:109539. [PMID: 36563950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the most important aquatic environmental factors, which is of great concern. In order to evaluate the effect of ammonia on guppy (Poecilia reticulate), fish were exposed to increased concentrations (0, 12.50, 25.00, 41.67, 62.50 mg/L) of ammonia for 48 h. After exposure, we measured the anxiety behavior, antioxidant enzymes and pro-inflammation genes (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) of guppy. The results showed that ammonia stress induced fish anxiety, which was manifested by the increased latency to enter the upper half and decreased time spent in upper half compared with control fish. The guppy showed oxidative stress after 48 h of ammonia stress as evidenced by decreases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and an increase in lipid hydroperoxide content. With prolonged ammonia stress, the expressions of HSP70, HSP90, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA at first had an increasing trend, and then decreased, all of which were significantly higher than the control levels at 12 h and 24 h after ammonia stress (P < 0.05). Ammonia significantly upregulated these genes mRNA levels after 48 h exposure, suggesting that heat shock proteins and innate immune system may try to protect cells from oxidative stress induced by ammonia stress. Our study showed that higher ammonia exposure induced oxidative stress in exposed fish, since inhibition of antioxidant enzymes activity and increases in lipid peroxidation, and inflammation occurred. Furthermore, the results will be helpful to understand the mechanism of ammonia toxicity in guppys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.
| | - Jianshuang Ma
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Qian Qi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Mingjia Xu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ruiyi Xu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
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Mes W, Kersten P, Maas RM, Eding EH, Jetten MSM, Siepel H, Lücker S, Gorissen M, Van Kessel MAHJ. Effects of demand-feeding and dietary protein level on nitrogen metabolism and symbiont dinitrogen gas production of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio, L.). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1111404. [PMID: 36824463 PMCID: PMC9941540 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1111404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia accumulation is a major challenge in intensive aquaculture, where fish are fed protein-rich diets in large rations, resulting in increased ammonia production when amino acids are metabolized as energy source. Ammonia is primarily excreted via the gills, which have been found to harbor nitrogen-cycle bacteria that convert ammonia into dinitrogen gas (N2) and therefore present a potential in situ detoxifying mechanism. Here, we determined the impact of feeding strategies (demand-feeding and batch-feeding) with two dietary protein levels on growth, nitrogen excretion, and nitrogen metabolism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.) in a 3-week feeding experiment. Demand-fed fish exhibited significantly higher growth rates, though with lower feed efficiency. When corrected for feed intake, nitrogen excretion was not impacted by feeding strategy or dietary protein, but demand-fed fish had significantly more nitrogen unaccounted for in the nitrogen balance and less retained nitrogen. N2 production of individual fish was measured in all experimental groups, and production rates were in the same order of magnitude as the amount of nitrogen unaccounted for, thus potentially explaining the missing nitrogen in the balance. N2 production by carp was also observed when groups of fish were kept in metabolic chambers. Demand feeding furthermore caused a significant increase in hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase activities, indicating elevated ammonia production. However, branchial ammonia transporter expression levels in these animals were stable or decreased. Together, our results suggest that feeding strategy impacts fish growth and nitrogen metabolism, and that conversion of ammonia to N2 by nitrogen cycle bacteria in the gills may explain the unaccounted nitrogen in the balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Mes
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Kersten
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Roel M Maas
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ep H Eding
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Henk Siepel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Lücker
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marnix Gorissen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Maartje A H J Van Kessel
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Ecological Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Wang Q, Ye W, Tao Y, Li Y, Lu S, Xu P, Qiang J. Transport Stress Induces Oxidative Stress and Immune Response in Juvenile Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides): Analysis of Oxidative and Immunological Parameters and the Gut Microbiome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010157. [PMID: 36671019 PMCID: PMC9854791 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport is essential in cross-regional culturing of juvenile fish. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) often exhibit decreased vitality and are susceptible to disease after transportation. To study the effects of transport stress on juvenile largemouth bass, juveniles (average length: 8.42 ± 0.44 cm, average weight 10.26 ± 0.32 g) were subjected to a 12 h simulated transport, then subsequently, allowed to recover for 5 d. Liver and intestinal tissues were collected at 0, 6 and 12 h after transport stress and after 5 d of recovery. Oxidative and immunological parameters and the gut microbiome were analyzed. Hepatocytic vacuolization and shortened intestinal villi in the bass indicated liver and intestinal damage due to transport stress. Superoxide dismutase, lysozyme and complement C3 activities were significantly increased during transport stress (p < 0.05), indicating that transport stress resulted in oxidative stress and altered innate immune responses in the bass. With the transport stress, the malondialdehyde content first increased, then significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and showed an increasing trend in the recovery group. 16S rDNA analysis revealed that transport stress strongly affected the gut microbial compositions, mainly among Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria and Spirochaetes. The Proteobacteria abundance increased significantly after transport. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional analysis revealed that most gut microbes played roles in membrane transport, cell replication and repair. Correlation analyses demonstrated that the dominant genera varied significantly and participated in the measured physiological parameter changes. With 5 days of recovery after 12 h of transport stress, the physiological parameters and gut microbiome differed significantly between the experimental and control groups. These results provide a reference and basis for studying transport-stress-induced oxidative and immune mechanisms in juvenile largemouth bass to help optimize juvenile largemouth bass transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yifan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.Q.)
| | - Siqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.Q.)
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Liu B, Li P, He S, Xing S, Cao Z, Cao X, Wang X, Li ZH. Effects of short-term exposure to tralopyril on physiological indexes and endocrine function in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 245:106118. [PMID: 35176693 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tralopyril is an emerging marine antifouling agent with potential toxic effects on non-target aquatic organisms. To evaluate the toxicity of tralopyril, to turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), we assessed biomarkers, including oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and osmotic homeostasis regulation enzymes, after a 7-day exposure to tralopyril (5 μg/L, 15 μg/L, 30 μg/L). Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased at 30 μg/L, and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity in the gills was significantly increased at 15 μg/L and 30 μg/L. No statistically significant differences in the responses of acetylcholinesterase and nitric oxide were detected. In addition, 15 μg/L and 30 μg/L tralopyril induced hyperthyroidism, reflected by significantly increased of T3 levels. The expression levels of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis-related genes were also upregulated. The molecular docking results showed that the thyroid system disruption was not caused by competitive binding to the receptor. In addition, the integrated biomarker response index showed that 15 μg/L tralopyril had the greatest effect on turbot. In general, tralopyril caused oxidative damage, affected energy metabolism, and interfered with the endocrine system. These findings could provide reference data for assessing the ecological risk of tralopyril in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Shuwen He
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Shaoying Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Zhihan Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Xuqian Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
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Cheng Z, Shu Y, Li X, Li Y, Zhou S, Liu H. Evaluation of potential cardiotoxicity of ammonia: l-selenomethionine inhibits ammonia-induced cardiac autophagy by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113304. [PMID: 35158256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is a major harmful gas in the environment of livestock and poultry. Studies have shown that excessive ammonia inhalation has adverse effects in pig heart. However, the mechanism of ammonia-induced cardiac toxicity in pigs has not been reported. L-selenomethionine is a kind of organic selenium (Se) which is easily absorbed by the body. Therefore, in this study, twenty-four 125-day-old pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups: C (control) group, A (ammonia) group, Se group (Se content: 0.5 mg kg-1), and A (ammonia) + Se group. The mechanism of ammonia-induced cardiotoxicity and the alleviating effect of L-selenomethionine were examined. The results in the A group showed as follows: a large number of myocardial fiber edema and cytoplasmic bleakness were observed in the heart; a large number of mitochondrial autophagy were observed; ATP content, ATPase activities and hematological parameters decreased significantly; Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers (GRP78, IRE1α, ATF4, ATF6, and CHOP) were significantly induced in the mRNA and protein levels; PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was activated; and autophagy key genes and proteins (Beclin-1, LC3, ATG3, and ATG5) were significantly up-regulated. The results of comparison between the A + Se group and the A group were as follows: the degree of edema of cardiac muscle fiber in the A + Se group was somewhat relieved; the level of mitochondrial autophagy decreased; ATP content and ATPase activities increased significantly; the mRNA and protein levels of ERS markers were significantly down-regulated; the expression level of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was decreased; and the mRNA and protein levels of key autophagy genes were decreased. However, the changes of these indexes in the A + Se group were still significantly different from those in the C group. Our results indicated that L-selenomethionine supplementation inhibited ammonia-induced cardiac autophagy by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which confirmed that L-selenomethionine could alleviate the cardiac injury caused by excessive ammonia inhalation to a certain extent. This study aims to enrich the toxicological mechanism of ammonia and provide valuable reference for future intervention of ammonia toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufu Shu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Sitong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Z, Huang S, Kong W, Yu H, Li F, Khatoon Z, Ashraf MN, Akram W. Effect of different fish feeds on water quality and growth of crucian carp (Carassius carassius) in the presence and absence of prometryn. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112914. [PMID: 34678629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Few data are available regarding comprehensive or quantitative assessment of fish feed considering both the environmental and feeding impacts. Aiming to fill the gap, an experimental study to investigate the effects of three fish feeds on concentrations of nutrients and crucian carp (Carassius carassius) growth was conducted in laboratory aquariums in the presence and absence of prometryn. Results showed that weight gain rates of crucian carp treated with Tong Wei (TW) feed were 106.3% and 2.0% higher than that of Zhong Shan (ZS) and Zhong Liang (ZL) feeds, a possible explanation was that the quality of protein in TW feed was highest as evidenced by the protein efficiency ratios. Meanwhile, TW feed posed relatively lighter effects on water qualities (between ZL and ZS). Prometryn significantly inhibited the growth of crucian carp and thus affected concentrations of nutrients in water indirectly. The relationships between weight gain rates of fish and concentrations of nutrients in water (R2 = 0.929-0.990) were developed. In sum, this study suggested that it is realizable to obtain better fish growth performance with lesser degrading effects on water qualities by producing and selecting appropriate feed regardless of prometryn existence, and the developed equations could be used as a basis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Suiliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Wenwen Kong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zobia Khatoon
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Muhammad Nabil Ashraf
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Waseem Akram
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Xu Z, Cao J, Qin X, Qiu W, Mei J, Xie J. Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113304. [PMID: 34828036 PMCID: PMC8614401 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ammonia nitrogen is a common environmental limiting factor in aquaculture, which can accumulate rapidly in water and reach toxic concentrations. In most aquatic environments, fish are vulnerable to the toxic effects of high levels of ammonia nitrogen exposure. It has been found that the toxic effects of ammonia nitrogen on fish are multi-mechanistic. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to explore the various toxic effects of ammonia nitrogen on fish, including oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, tissue damage and immune response. Abstract Ammonia nitrogen is the major oxygen-consuming pollutant in aquatic environments. Exposure to ammonia nitrogen in the aquatic environment can lead to bioaccumulation in fish, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is the main determinant of accumulation. In most aquatic environments, fish are at the top of the food chain and are most vulnerable to the toxic effects of high levels of ammonia nitrogen exposure. In fish exposed to toxicants, ammonia-induced toxicity is mainly caused by bioaccumulation in certain tissues. Ammonia nitrogen absorbed in the fish enters the circulatory system and affects hematological properties. Ammonia nitrogen also breaks balance in antioxidant capacity and causes oxidative damage. In addition, ammonia nitrogen affects the immune response and causes neurotoxicity because of the physical and chemical toxicity. Thence, the purpose of this review was to investigate various toxic effects of ammonia nitrogen, including oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.X.); (J.C.); (W.Q.)
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jie Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.X.); (J.C.); (W.Q.)
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaoming Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
| | - Weiqiang Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.X.); (J.C.); (W.Q.)
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jun Mei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.X.); (J.C.); (W.Q.)
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (J.X.); Tel.: +86-21-61900349 (J.M.); +86-21-61900351 (J.X.)
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.X.); (J.C.); (W.Q.)
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (J.X.); Tel.: +86-21-61900349 (J.M.); +86-21-61900351 (J.X.)
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Gao XQ, Fei F, Huang B, Meng XS, Zhang T, Zhao KF, Chen HB, Xing R, Liu BL. Alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and immune response in Takifugu rubripes under acute ammonia exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 243:108978. [PMID: 33493666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.108978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is a major pollutant in aquatic environments and poses a considerable threat to the survival of fish. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of ammonia on the hematological and biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and immune responses in Takifugu rubripes. Juvenile T. rubripes (average weight 246.17 ± 3.54 g) were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia (0, 5, 50, 100, and 150 mg/L) for 96 h. The results showed that the hematological parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell, and white blood cell count) were significantly reduced in response to ammonia exposure. Of the plasma components, such as serum total protein, albumin, glucose, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, were significantly altered in response to ammonia exposure. Additionally, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were increased after exposure to low concentration ammonia exposure. However, when fish were exposed to a high concentration of ammonia, these parameters showed the opposite trend, suggesting that an increase in antioxidant enzymes during the early stages of ammonia exposure may contribute to the removal of the induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protect the cells from oxidative damage. However, as the ammonia concentration and exposure time increased, the overproduction of ROS accelerated the depletion of antioxidant enzymes. Ammonia exposure significantly increased the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90). Ammonia poisoning elevated gene expressions of TLR-3, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-1β in the gills, causing an inflammatory response. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in ammonia-induced aquatic toxicology in marine fish, which may aid in their captive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Fei
- Aquacultural Engineering R&D Team, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liongning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Song Meng
- Dalian Tianzheng Industrial Co. Ltd., Dalian 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Dalian Tianzheng Industrial Co. Ltd., Dalian 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui-Feng Zhao
- Yuhai Hongqi Ocean Engineering Co. Ltd, Rizhao 276800, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bin Chen
- Yuhai Hongqi Ocean Engineering Co. Ltd, Rizhao 276800, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xing
- Yuhai Hongqi Ocean Engineering Co. Ltd, Rizhao 276800, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Kim JH, Cho JH, Kim SR, Hur YB. Toxic effects of waterborne ammonia exposure on hematological parameters, oxidative stress and stress indicators of juvenile hybrid grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103453. [PMID: 32629076 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hybrid grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ (mean weight: 26.5 ± 2.8 g, mean length: 11.8 ± 1.3 cm) were exposed to different, sub-lethal levels of waterborne ammonia (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg NH4+/L) for 2 weeks. We assessed the hematological parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and stress responses of juvenile hybrid grouper after 1 week and after 2 weeks. Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, were significantly decreased by ammonia exposure. Plasma components such as the magnesium and total protein contents, and the glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase activities were significantly altered by ammonia exposure; however, no changes in the magnesium levels were detected. Antioxidant responses, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities, were also significantly affected by ammonia exposure. Stress indicator levels, i.e., plasma cholesterol and heat shock protein 70 levels, were significantly increased by ammonia exposure. The results of this study indicated that ammonia exposure has toxic effects on juvenile hybrid grouper and affects their hematological parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hwan Kim
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research & Devlopment, Taean 32132, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Hwang Cho
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research & Devlopment, Taean 32132, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ryel Kim
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research & Devlopment, Taean 32132, South Korea
| | - Young Baek Hur
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research & Devlopment, Taean 32132, South Korea
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12
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Zhang Y, Sun HJ, Zhang JY, Ndayambaje E, Lin H, Chen J, Hong H. Chronic exposure to dichloroacetamide induces biochemical and histopathological changes in the gills of zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:781-787. [PMID: 30884105 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of DCAcAm on zebrafish gill, we measure the responses of antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA), ATPase (Na+ /K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ /Mg2+ -ATP) and histopathological changes of gill in adult zebrafish, after exposed to different concentrations of DCAcAm (0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μg L-1 ) for 30 days. Results indicated that DCAcAm first increased and then decreased SOD activity, and DCAcAm also lowered the activities of Na+ /K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ /Mg2+ -ATPase. These results indicated that high affinity of DCAcAm probably be a main factor, which can damage the structures of enzymes, thereby inhibiting the SOD and ATPase activities. Besides, histopathological investigation results also manifested that chronic exposure to DCAcAm can damage the gill tissues, disrupting the normal function of gills. We conclude that chronic exposure to DCAcAm was harmful to organisms, not only influence gill function, but also further cause damage on the gill tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Jie Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Ying Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Emmanuel Ndayambaje
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
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Maltez LC, Stringhetta GR, Enamorado AD, Okamoto MH, Romano LA, Monserrat JM, Sampaio LA, Garcia L. Ammonia exposure and subsequent recovery trigger oxidative stress responses in juveniles of Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:1747-1759. [PMID: 28726029 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ammonia exposure and recovery on oxidative stress parameters and histology of juvenile Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus were evaluated. The fish were exposed to 0.12, 0.28 and 0.57 mg NH3-N L-1, plus a control, for 10 days followed by the same recovery time in ammonia-free water. Gill, liver and muscle samples (n = 9) were collected after 1, 5 and 10 days of exposure and after recovery for oxidative stress analysis (antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP); glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity; lipoperoxidation levels measured through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content). For histological assessment, gill, liver and brain samples were collected. Exposure to all NH3-N concentrations induced different time- and dose-dependent changes in oxidative stress parameters. Reduced antioxidant capacity of the liver and muscle and enhanced TBARS levels in the gills and liver were demonstrated. Differently, a high ammonia concentration elicited lower hepatic TBARS levels. Enhanced GST activity in all organs and increased antioxidant capacity of the gills were also observed. No ammonia-induced histopathological effects were demonstrated. After recovery, most parameters (liver ACAP, GST activity in the muscle and liver and TBARS in the gills) returned to baseline levels. However, liver TBARS and gill GST activity remained altered 0.57 mg NH3-N L-1 treatment. The recovery period also led to a decrease in gill antioxidant capacity and an increase in muscle antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, a concentration of 0.12 mg NH3-N L-1 induces oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in juvenile Brazilian flounder. Moreover, a 10-day recovery period is not sufficient to restore fish homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Campos Maltez
- Laboratório de Aquacultura Continental, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Rodrigues Stringhetta
- Laboratório de Aquacultura Continental, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Alain Danilo Enamorado
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Funcional de Organismos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Hideo Okamoto
- Laboratório de Piscicultura Estuarina e Marinha, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Alberto Romano
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Organismos Aquáticos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - José María Monserrat
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Funcional de Organismos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís André Sampaio
- Laboratório de Piscicultura Estuarina e Marinha, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano Garcia
- Laboratório de Aquacultura Continental, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil.
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Li J, Wang J, Yang L, Chen Y, Yang Z. Changes in plasma osmolality and Na+/K+ ATPase activity of juvenile obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus following salinity challenge. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Sun H, Wang W, Li J, Yang Z. Growth, oxidative stress responses, and gene transcription of juvenile bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) under chronic-term exposure of ammonia. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:1726-1731. [PMID: 24839064 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia toxicity has become a universal problem for aquatic animals, especially fish. The purpose of the present study was to assess the chronic toxicity of ammonia to the juvenile bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). The authors measured the responses of growth performance (specific growth rate, condition factor, body weight, and body length), oxidative stress, and related gene transcription of juvenile bighead carp exposed to solutions with different concentrations of un-ionized ammonia (UIA; 0 mg L(-1) , 0.053 mg L(-1) , 0.106 mg L(-1) , 0.159 mg L(-1) , and 0.212 mg L(-1) ). The results showed that UIA had no effect on growth performance, glutathione content, or glutathione S-transferase gene transcription, but superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly elevated. In addition, different concentrations of UIA produced different degrees of damage to juvenile bighead carp: compared with control, lower UIA levels significantly decreased gene transcription of catalase (CAT) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; higher UIA concentration (0.212 mg L(-1) ) significantly increased gene transcription of the antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD and reduced MDA levels. The data clearly demonstrate that chronic exposure of UIA at lower concentrations can result in some degree of impairment of antioxidative function, and chronic exposure at higher concentrations can enhance damage to juvenile bighead carp by modulating antioxidant enzyme activities and gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Lyu K, Cao H, Chen R, Wang Q, Yang Z. Combined effects of hypoxia and ammonia to Daphnia similis estimated with life-history traits. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:5379-5387. [PMID: 23417362 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of cyanobacterial blooms often causes hypoxia and elevated concentrations of ammonia, which can aggravate the adverse effects of blooms on aquatic organisms. However, it is not clear how one stressor would work in the presence of other coexistent stressors. We studied the toxic effects of elevated ammonia under hypoxia using a common yet important cladoceran species Daphnia similis isolated from heavily eutrophicated Lake Taihu. A 3 × 2 factorial experimental design was conducted with animals exposed to three un-ionized ammonia levels under two dissolved oxygen levels. Experiments lasted for 14 days and we recorded the life-history traits such as survival, molt, maturation, and fecundity. Results showed that hypoxia significantly decreased survival time and the number of molts of D. similis, whereas ammonia had no effect on them. Elevated ammonia significantly delayed development to maturity in tested animals and decreased their body sizes at maturity. Both ammonia and hypoxia were significantly detrimental to the number of broods, the number of offspring per female, and the number of total offspring per female, and significantly synergistic interactions were detected. Our data clearly demonstrate that elevated ammonia and hypoxia derived from cyanobacterial blooms synergistically affect the cladoceran D. similis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Feeding and swimming modulate iono-and-hormonal regulation differently in goldfish, Carassius auratus and common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 165:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sun H, Li J, Tang L, Yang Z. Responses of crucian carp Carassius auratus to long-term exposure to nitrite and low dissolved oxygen levels. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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The interactive effects of ammonia and microcystin on life-history traits of the cladoceran Daphnia magna: synergistic or antagonistic? PLoS One 2012; 7:e32285. [PMID: 22403641 PMCID: PMC3293791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of Microcystis blooms is a worldwide concern that has caused numerous adverse effects on water quality and lake ecology. Elevated ammonia and microcystin concentrations co-occur during the degradation of Microcystis blooms and are toxic to aquatic organisms; we studied the relative and combined effects of these on the life history of the model organism Daphnia magna. Ammonia and microcystin-LR treatments were: 0, 0.366, 0.581 mg L−1 and 0, 10, 30, 100 µg L−1, respectively. Experiments followed a fully factorial design. Incubations were 14 d and recorded the following life-history traits: number of moults, time to first batch of eggs, time to first clutch, size at first batch of eggs, size at first clutch, number of clutches per female, number of offspring per clutch, and total offspring per female. Both ammonia and microcystin were detrimental to most life-history traits. Interactive effects of the toxins occurred for five traits: the time to first batch of eggs appearing in the brood pouch, time to first clutch, size at first clutch, number of clutches, and total offspring per female. The interactive effects of ammonia and microcystin appeared to be synergistic on some parameters (e.g., time to first eggs) and antagonistic on others (e.g., total offspring per female). In conclusion, the released toxins during the degradation of Microcystis blooms would result, according to our data, in substantially negative effect on D. magna.
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Sun H, Yang W, Chen Y, Yang Z. Effect of purified microcystin on oxidative stress of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix larvae under different ammonia concentrations. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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