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Wijewardene L, Schwenker JA, Friedrichsen M, Jensen A, Löbel F, Austen T, Ulrich U, Fohrer N, Bang C, Waschina S, Hölzel CS. Selection of aquatic microbiota exposed to the herbicides flufenacet and metazachlor. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2972-2987. [PMID: 37994199 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are important, ubiquitous environmental contaminants, but little is known about their interaction with bacterial aquatic communities. Here, we sampled a protected natural freshwater habitat and characterised its microbiome in interaction with herbicides. We evolved the freshwater microbiomes in a microcosm assay of exposure (28 days) to flufenacet and metazachlor at environmental concentrations of 0.5, 5 and 50 μg L-1 . Inhibitory effects of herbicides were exemplarily assessed in cultured bacteria from the same pond (Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Paenibacillus amylolyticus and Microbacterium hominis). Findings were compared to long-term concentrations as provided by local authorities. Here, environmental concentrations reached up to 11 μg L-1 (flufenacet) and 76 μg L-1 (metazachlor). Bacteria were inhibited at minimum inhibitory concentrations far above these values; however, concentrations of 50 μg L-1 of flufenacet resulted in measurable growth impairment. While most herbicide-exposed microcosm assays did not differ from controls, Acidobacteria were selected at high environmental concentrations of herbicides. Alpha-diversity (e.g., taxonomic richness on phylum level) was reduced when aquatic microbiomes were exposed to 50 μg metazachlor or flufenacet. One environmental strain of P. alcaligenes showed resistance to high concentrations of flufenacet (50 g L-1 ). In total, this study reveals that ecologic imbalance due to herbicide use significantly impacts aquatic microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishani Wijewardene
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences & Technology, Department of Limnology and Water Technology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Julia Anna Schwenker
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department for Animal Hygiene, Animal Health and Food Hygiene, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Meike Friedrichsen
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department for Animal Hygiene, Animal Health and Food Hygiene, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ailina Jensen
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department for Animal Hygiene, Animal Health and Food Hygiene, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franziska Löbel
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department for Animal Hygiene, Animal Health and Food Hygiene, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tabea Austen
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department for Animal Hygiene, Animal Health and Food Hygiene, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Uta Ulrich
- Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicola Fohrer
- Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Silvio Waschina
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Department for Nutriinformatics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christina Susanne Hölzel
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department for Animal Hygiene, Animal Health and Food Hygiene, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Simonsen D, Heffelfinger J, Cwiertny DM, Lehmler HJ. The dichloroacetamide safener benoxacor is enantioselectively metabolized by monkey liver microsomes and cytosol. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 96:104008. [PMID: 36341964 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism and toxicity of current-use herbicide safeners remain understudied. We investigated the enantioselective metabolism of the safener benoxacor in Rhesus monkey subcellular fractions. Benoxacor was incubated with liver microsomes and cytosol from female and male monkeys (≤30 min). Benoxacor levels and enantiomeric fractions were determined with gas chromatography. Benoxacor was metabolized by microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), cytosolic glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), and microsomal and cytosolic carboxylesterase (CESs). CES-mediated microsomal metabolism followed the order males > females, whereas the CYP-mediated clearance followed the order females > males. CYP-mediated metabolism initially resulted in an enrichment of the second eluting benoxacor enantiomer (E2-benoxacor), whereas the first eluting benoxacor enantiomer (E1-benoxacor) was enriched after 10 or 30 min in female or male microsomal incubations. Benoxacor metabolism by GSTs was enantiospecific, with a total depletion of E1-benoxacor after approximately 20 min. Thus, the enantioselective metabolism of benoxacor by GSTs and CYPs may affect its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Simonsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Jacob Heffelfinger
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - David M Cwiertny
- IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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Liu J, Bao Y, Zhang X, Zhao S, Qiu J, Li N, He J. Anaerobic biodegradation and detoxification of chloroacetamide herbicides by a novel Proteiniclasticum sediminis BAD-10 T. Environ Res 2022; 209:112859. [PMID: 35114144 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chloroacetamide herbicides (CAAHs) are important herbicides that were widely used to control agricultural weeds. However, their mass applications have seriously contaminated environment, and they are toxic to living beings. CAAHs are easy to enter anoxic environments such as subsoil, wetland sediment, and groundwater, where CAAHs are mainly degraded by anaerobic organisms. To date, there are no research on the anaerobic degradation of CAAHs by pure isolate and toxicity of anaerobic metabolites of CAAHs. In this study, the anaerobic degradation kinetics and metabolites of CAAHs by an anaerobic isolate BAD-10T and the toxicity of anaerobic metabolites were studied. Isolate BAD-10T could degrade alachlor, acetochlor, propisochlor, butachlor, pretilachlor and metolachlor with the degradation kinetics fitting the pseudo-first-order kinetics equation. The degradation rates of CAAHs were significantly affected by the length of N-alkoxyalkyl groups, the shorter the N-alkoxyalkyl groups, the higher the degradation rates. Four metabolites 2-ethyl-6-methyl-N-(ethoxymethyl)-acetanilide (EMEMA), N-(2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl)-acetamide (MEPA), N-2-ethylphenyl acetamide and 2-ethyl-N-carboxyl aniline were identified during acetochlor degradation, and an anaerobic catabolic pathway of acetochlor was proposed. The toxicity of EMEMA and EMPA for zebrafish, Arabidopsis and Chlorella ellipsoidea were obviously lower than that of acetochlor, indicating that the anaerobic degradation of acetochlor by isolate BAD-10T is a detoxification process. The work reveals the anaerobic degradation kinetics and catabolic pathway of CAAHs and highlights a potential application of Proteiniclasticum sediminis BAD-10T for bioremediation of CAAHs residue-contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Yixuan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Shiyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Jiguo Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Na Li
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, PR China.
| | - Jian He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
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Chen L, Su B, Yu J, Wang J, Hu H, Ren HQ, Wu B. Combined effects of arsenic and 2,2-dichloroacetamide on different cell populations of zebrafish liver. Sci Total Environ 2022; 821:152961. [PMID: 35031379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and disinfection by-products are important health risk factors in the water environment. However, their combined effects on different cell populations in the liver are not well known. Here, zebrafish were exposed to 100 μg/L As, 300 μg/L 2,2-dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm), and their combination for 23 days. Then transcriptome profiles of cell populations in zebrafish liver were analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). A total of 13,563 cells were obtained, which were identified as hepatocytes, hepatic duct cells, endothelial cells and macrophages. Hepatocytes were the main target cell subtype of As and DCAcAm exposures. DCAcAm exposure induced higher toxicity in male hepatocytes, which specifically changed amino acid metabolism, response to hormone and cofactor metabolism. However, As exposure caused higher toxicity in female hepatocytes, which altered lipid metabolism, carbon metabolism, and peroxisome. Combined exposure to As and DCAcAm decreased toxicities in hepatocytes compared to each one alone. Female hepatocytes had higher tolerance to co-exposure of As and DCAcAm than male hepatocytes. Further, combined exposure to As and DCAcAm induced functional changes in macrophages similar to As alone groups, which mainly altered the transfer of sterol and cholesterol. Hepatic duct cells and endothelial cells were not influenced by exposures to As and DCAcAm. This study for the first time highlights the cell-specific combined responses of As and DCAcAm in zebrafish liver, which provide useful information for their health risk assessment in a co-exposure environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Bei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Haidong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hong-Qiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Wang W, Ma Q, Ding X, Xu Y, He M, Xu J, Liu J, Ji C, Zhang J. Developmental toxicity of bromoacetamide via the thyroid hormone receptors-mediated disruption of thyroid hormone homeostasis in zebrafish embryos. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 233:113334. [PMID: 35203007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bromoacetamide (BAcAm) is a nitrogenous disinfection by-product. We previously found that BAcAm induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Since thyroid hormones (THs) homeostasis is crucial to development, we hypothesized that disruption of THs homeostasis may play a role in the developmental toxicity of BAcAm. In this study, we found BAcAm exposure significantly increased mortality and malformation rate, decreased hatching rate and body length, inhibited the locomotor capacity in zebrafish embryos. BAcAm elevated TSH, T3 and T4 levels, down-regulated T3/T4 ratios, and up-regulated mRNA expression changes of THs related genes (trh, tsh, tg, nis, tpo, dio1, dio2, ugt1ab,klf9 and rho), but down-regulated mRNA expression changes of TH receptors (tr α and tr β). Up-regulated tr α and tr β mRNAs by rescue treatment confirmed that both tr α and tr β were involved in the developmental toxicity of BAcAm. In conclusion, our study indicates disruption of THs homeostasis via the thyroid hormone receptors was responsible for the developmental toxicity of BAcAm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiyao Ma
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinliang Ding
- Department of Public Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihua Xu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengting He
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Nakamura K, Ishii Y, Takasu S, Nohmi T, Shibutani M, Ogawa K. Chromosome aberrations induced by the non-mutagenic carcinogen acetamide involve in rat hepatocarcinogenesis through micronucleus formation in hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2851-2865. [PMID: 34160648 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome aberrations (CAs), i.e. changes in chromosome number or structure, are known to cause chromosome rearrangements and subsequently tumorigenesis. However, the involvement of CAs in chemical-induced carcinogenesis is unclear. In the current study, we aimed to clarify the possible involvement of CAs in chemical carcinogenesis using a rat model with the non-mutagenic hepatocarcinogen acetamide. In an in vivo micronucleus (MN) test, acetamide was revealed to induce CAs specifically in rat liver at carcinogenic doses. Acetamide also induced centromere-positive large MN (LMN) in hepatocytes. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic analyses of the LMN, which can be histopathologically detected as basophilic cytoplasmic inclusion, revealed abnormal expression of nuclear envelope proteins, increased heterochromatinization, and massive DNA damage. These molecular pathological features in LMN progressed with acetamide exposure in a time-dependent manner, implying that LMN formation can lead to chromosome rearrangements. Overall, these data suggested that CAs induced by acetamide play a pivotal role in acetamide-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and that CAs can cause chemical carcinogenesis in animals via MN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nakamura
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Shinji Takasu
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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Maršík P, Zunová T, Vaněk T, Podlipná R. Metazachlor effect on poplar - Pioneer plant species for riparian buffers. Chemosphere 2021; 274:129711. [PMID: 33524867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metazachlor belongs to one of the most used herbicides throughout the world. In order to prevent the contamination of water bodies by such herbicides, the riparian buffers are constructed. The selection of appropriate plant species for this purpose is necessary. In our project, we studied the possibility of grey poplar to uptake and biotransform metazachlor, along with the phytotoxic effect of metazachlor and its metabolites. We used two different models - suspension cultures and poplar regenerants cultivated in vitro. Our results show that the herbicide metazachlor is readily metabolized by both suspension cultures and regenerants to 16 detectable metabolites. The detailed scheme of biotransformation pathway in poplar tissue is presented for the first time. The profile of detected metabolites was approximately the same in poplar cell cultures and regenerants, but the ratio and amounts of particular compounds was significantly different. Generally, the highest concentration (peak area/mg of DW) of all metabolites was present in the roots; the only exception was lactate conjugate (deCl-MZCl-Lact), which accumulated in the cultivation media. Although the plants were not visibly affected by metazachlor or its metabolites, they showed changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased content of phenolic substances, the indicators of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maršík
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha, 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - T Zunová
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha, 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - T Vaněk
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha, 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - R Podlipná
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha, 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic.
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Medo J, Maková J, Medová J, Lipková N, Cinkocki R, Omelka R, Javoreková S. Changes in soil microbial community and activity caused by application of dimethachlor and linuron. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12786. [PMID: 34140550 PMCID: PMC8211737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microorganisms and their activities are essential for maintaining soil health and fertility. Microorganisms can be negatively affected by application of herbicides. Although effects of herbicides on microorganisms are widely studied, there is a lack of information for chloroacetamide herbicide dimethachlor. Thus, dimethachlor and well known linuron were applied to silty-loam luvisol and their effects on microorganisms were evaluated during112 days long laboratory assay. Dimethachlor and linuron were applied in doses 1.0 kg ha-1 and 0.8 kg ha-1 corresponding to 3.33 mg kg-1 and 2.66 mg kg-1 respectively. Also 100-fold doses were used for magnification of impacts. Linuron in 100-fold dose caused minor increase of respiration, temporal increase of soil microbial biomass, decrease of soil dehydrogenase activity, and altered microbial community. Dimethachlor in 100-fold dose significantly increased respiration; microbial biomass and decreased soil enzymatic activities. Microbial composition changed significantly, Proteobacteria abundance, particularly Pseudomonas and Achromobacter genera increased from 7 to 28th day. In-silico prediction of microbial gene expression by PICRUSt2 software revealed increased expression of genes related to xenobiotic degradation pathways. Evaluated characteristics of microbial community and activity were not affected by herbicides in recommended doses and the responsible use of both herbicides will not harm soil microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Medo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Maková
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Janka Medová
- Department of Mathematics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A Hlinku 1, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Nikola Lipková
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Renata Cinkocki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Radoslav Omelka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Javoreková
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
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Kim H, Wang H, Ki JS. Chloroacetanilides inhibit photosynthesis and disrupt the thylakoid membranes of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum as revealed with metazachlor treatment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 211:111928. [PMID: 33476845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chloroacetanilides are among the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, which contaminate aquatic environments and affect aquatic phototrophs. Their sub-lethal toxicity has been evaluated using freshwater algae; however, the modes of cellular toxicity and levels of toxicity to marine organisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we assessed the cellular and molecular effects of chloroacetanilides on marine phototrophs using the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum and the herbicide metazachlor (MZC). The MZC treatment led to a considerable reduction in cell number and pigment, and the EC50 of MZC was calculated to be 0.647 mg/L. The photosynthetic parameters, Fv/Fm and chlorophyll fluorescence significantly decreased with MZC exposure time in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, MZC significantly induced photosynthesis genes, including PmpsbA, PmpsaA, and PmatpB, and the antioxidant PmGST, but not PmKatG. These findings were well matched to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in MZC-treated cells. Interestingly, we observed inflated vacuoles, undivided chloroplasts, and breakdown of thylakoid membranes in MZC-treated cells. These results support the hypothesis that MZC severely damages chloroplasts, resulting in dysfunction of the dinoflagellate photosynthesis and possibly marine phototrophs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, South Korea
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, South Korea
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, South Korea.
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Yang L, Ivantsova E, Souders CL, Martyniuk CJ. The agrochemical S-metolachlor disrupts molecular mediators and morphology of the swim bladder: Implications for locomotor activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111641. [PMID: 33396161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metolachlor herbicides are derived from the chloroacetamide chemical family of which there are the S- and R-metolachlor isomers. S-metolachlor is a selective herbicide that inhibits cell division and mitosis via enzyme interference. The herbicide is used globally in agriculture and studies report adverse effects in aquatic organisms; however, there are no studies investigating sub-lethal effects of S-metolachlor on swim bladder formation, mitochondrial ATP production, nor light-dark preference behaviors in fish. These endpoints are relevant for larval locomotor activity and metabolism. To address these knowledge gaps, we exposed zebrafish embryos/larvae to various concentrations of S-metolachlor (0.5-50 µM) over early development. S-metolachlor affected survival, hatching percentage, and increased developmental deformities at concentrations of 50 µM and above. Exposure levels as high as 200 µM for 24 and 48 h did not alter oxygen consumption rates in zebrafish, and there were no changes detected in endpoints related to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. We observed impairment of swim bladder inflation at 50 µM in 6 dpf larvae. To elucidate mechanisms related to this, we measured relative transcript abundance for genes associated with the swim bladder (smooth muscle alpha (α)-2 actin, annexin A5, pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 1a). Smooth muscle alpha (α)-2 actin mRNA levels were reduced in fish exposed to 50 µM while annexin A5 mRNA levels were increased in abundance, corresponding to reduced swim bladder size in larvae. A visual motor response test revealed that larval zebrafish exhibited some hyperactivity in the light with exposure to the herbicide and only the highest dose tested (50 µM) resulted in hypoactivity in the dark cycle. Regression analysis indicated that there was a positive relationship between surface area of the swim bladder and distance traveled, and the size of the swim bladder explained ~10-14% in the variation for total distance moved. Lastly, we tested larvae in a light dark preference test, and we did not detect any altered behavioral response to any concentration tested. Here we present new data on sublethal endpoints associated with exposure to the herbicide S-metolachlor and demonstrate that this chemical may disrupt transcripts associated with swim bladder formation and morphology, which could ultimately affect larval zebrafish activity. These data are expected to contribute to further risk assessment guidelines for S-metolachlor in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yang
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Emma Ivantsova
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, USA.
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11
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Machado MD, Soares EV. Exposure of the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata to environmentally relevant concentrations of the herbicide metolachlor: Impact on the redox homeostasis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 207:111264. [PMID: 32911184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the herbicide metolachlor (MET) on the redox homeostasis of the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. At low MET concentrations (≤40 μg L-1), no effects on algal cells were detected. The exposure of P. subcapitata to 45-235 μg L-1 MET induced a significant increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The intracellular levels of ROS were particularly increased at high (115 and 235 μg L-1) but environmentally relevant MET concentrations. The exposure of algal cells to 115 and 235 μg L-1 MET originated a decrease in the levels of antioxidants molecules (reduced glutathione and carotenoids) as well as a reduction of the activity of scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase). These results suggest that antioxidant (non-enzymatic and enzymatic) defenses were affected by the excess of MET. As consequence of this imbalance (ROS overproduction and decline of the antioxidant system), ROS inflicted oxidative injury with lipid peroxidation and damage of cell membrane integrity. The results provide further insights about the toxic modes of action of MET on a non-target organism and emphasize the relevance of toxicological studies in the assessment of the impact of herbicides in freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela D Machado
- Bioengineering Laboratory-CIET, ISEP-School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal; CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo V Soares
- Bioengineering Laboratory-CIET, ISEP-School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal; CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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12
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Huang Y, Chen Z, Meng Y, Wei Y, Xu Z, Ma J, Zhong K, Cao Z, Liao X, Lu H. Famoxadone-cymoxanil induced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 205:111339. [PMID: 32961491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Famoxadone-cymoxanil is a new protective and therapeutic fungicide, but little research has been done on it or its toxicity in aquatic organisms. In this study, we used zebrafish to investigate the cardiotoxicity of famoxadone-cymoxanil and the potential mechanisms involved. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of famoxadone-cymoxanil until 72 h post-fertilization (hpf), then changes of heart morphology in zebrafish embryos were observed. We also detected the levels of oxidative stress, myocardial-cell proliferation and apoptosis, ATPase activity, and the expression of genes related to the cardiac development and calcium-signaling pathway. After famoxadone-cymoxanil exposure, pericardial edema, cardiac linearization, and reductions in the heart rate and cardiac output positively correlated with concentration. Although myocardial-cell apoptosis was not detected, proliferation of the cells was severely reduced and ATPase activity significantly decreased, resulting in a severe deficiency in heart function. In addition, indicators of oxidative stress changed significantly after exposure of the embryos to the fungicide. To better understand the possible molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish, we studied the transcriptional levels of cardiac development, calcium-signaling pathways, and genes associated with myocardial contractility. The mRNA expression levels of key genes in heart development were significantly down-regulated, while the expression of genes related to the calcium-signaling pathway (ATPase [atp2a1], cardiac troponin C [tnnc1a], and calcium channel [cacna1a]) was significantly inhibited. Expression of klf2a, a major endocardial flow-responsive gene, was also significantly inhibited. Mechanistically, famoxadone-cymoxanil toxicity might be due to the downregulation of genes associated with the calcium-signaling pathway and cardiac muscle contraction. Our results found that famoxadone-cymoxanil exposure causes cardiac developmental toxicity and severe energy deficiency in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunlong Meng
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - You Wei
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhaopeng Xu
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinze Ma
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Keyuan Zhong
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China.
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Khera N, Ghayor C, Lindholm AK, Pavlova E, Atanassova N, Weber FE. N, N-Dimethylacetamide, an FDA approved excipient, acts post-meiotically to impair spermatogenesis and cause infertility in rats. Chemosphere 2020; 256:127001. [PMID: 32447106 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
N, N-Dimethylacetamide is an FDA approved solvent widely used in pharmaceutical industry to facilitate the solubility of lipophilic, high molecular weight drugs with poor water solubility. However, the cytotoxic effects of DMA raises the concern about its use in clinical applications. In the present study, we address the effect of DMA on spermatogenesis. Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected intra-peritoneally for 8 weeks, once a week at a dose of 862 mg/kg. Analysis of reproductive parameters revealed that DMA treated animals exhibit spermatid formation defects within the testis describing the characteristics of oligozoospermia. A subsequent decrease in epididymal sperm concentration along with distortion of sperm morphology was observed. The mitochondrial and microtubule organization in the sperm is considerably modified by DMA. This disrupts the sperm kinetics thus decreasing the total and progressive sperm motility. Finally, DMA treatment resulted in loss of fertility. Our results indicate that exposure to DMA has a negative impact on spermatogenesis and leads to infertility in male rats by inhibiting the post meiotic stages of sperm development. Therefore, the use of DMA in humans must be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Khera
- University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Plattenstrasse11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chafik Ghayor
- University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Plattenstrasse11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna K Lindholm
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Pavlova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nina Atanassova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Franz E Weber
- University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Plattenstrasse11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland; CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Abbasi MA, Irshad M, Aziz-Ur-Rehman , Siddiqui SZ, Nazir M, Ali Shah SA, Shahid M. REPORT - Synthesis of promising antibacterial and antifungal agents: 2-[[(4-Chlorophenyl)sulfonyl](2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)amino]-N-(un/substituted-phenyl)acetamides. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:2161-2170. [PMID: 33824125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the presented work, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-amine (1) was reacted with 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (2) in presence of aqueous basic aqueous medium to obtain 4-chloro-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)benzenesulfonamide (3). In parallel, various un/substituted anilines (4a-l) were treated with bromoacetyl bromide (5) in basified aqueous medium to obtain corresponding 2-bromo-N-(un/substituted)phenylacetamides (6a-l) as electrophiles. Then the compound 3 was finally reacted with these electrophiles, 6a-l, in dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and lithium hydride as base and activator to synthesize a variety of 2-[[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl](2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)amino]-N-(un/substituted)phenylacetamides (7a-l). The synthesized compounds were corroborated by IR, 1H-NMR and EI-MS spectral data for structural confirmations. These molecules were then evaluated for their antimicrobial and antifungal activities along with their %age hemolytic activity. Some compounds were found to have suitable antibacterial and antifungal potential, especially the compound 2-[[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl](2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)amino]-N-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)acetamide (7l) exhibited good antimicrobial potential with low value of % hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Misbah Irshad
- Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - - Aziz-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Majid Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Level 9, FF3, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Cordeiro L, Diniz-Neto H, Figueiredo P, Souza H, Sousa A, Andrade-Júnior F, Melo T, Ferreira E, Oliveira R, Athayde-Filho P, Barbosa-Filho J, Oliveira-Filho A, Lima E. Potential of 2-Chloro- N-(4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide Against Klebsiella pneumoniae and In Vitro Toxicity Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173959. [PMID: 32877986 PMCID: PMC7504751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae causes a wide range of community and nosocomial infections. The high capacity of this pathogen to acquire resistance drugs makes it necessary to develop therapeutic alternatives, discovering new antibacterial molecules. Acetamides are molecules that have several biological activities. However, there are no reports on the activity of 2-chloro-N-(4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide. Based on this, this study aimed to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of this molecule on K. pneumoniae, evaluating whether the presence of the chloro atom improves this effect. Then, analyzing its antibacterial action more thoroughly, as well as its cytotoxic and pharmacokinetic profile, in order to contribute to future studies for the viability of a new antibacterial drug. It was shown that the substance has good potential against K. pneumoniae and the chloro atom is responsible for improving this activity, stabilizing the molecule in the target enzyme at the site. The substance possibly acts on penicillin-binding protein, promoting cell lysis. The analysis of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity shows favorable results for future in vivo toxicological tests to be carried out, with the aim of investigating the potential of this molecule. In addition, the substance showed an excellent pharmacokinetic profile, indicating good parameters for oral use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laísa Cordeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, 58033-455 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (P.F.); (A.S.); (F.A.-J.); (T.M.); (E.F.); (J.B.-F.); (E.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-3216-7347
| | - Hermes Diniz-Neto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, 58033-455 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (P.F.); (A.S.); (F.A.-J.); (T.M.); (E.F.); (J.B.-F.); (E.L.)
| | - Pedro Figueiredo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, 58033-455 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (P.F.); (A.S.); (F.A.-J.); (T.M.); (E.F.); (J.B.-F.); (E.L.)
| | - Helivaldo Souza
- Chemistry Department, Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, 58033-455 João Pessoa, Brazil; (H.S.); (R.O.); (P.A.-F.)
| | - Aleson Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, 58033-455 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (P.F.); (A.S.); (F.A.-J.); (T.M.); (E.F.); (J.B.-F.); (E.L.)
| | - Francisco Andrade-Júnior
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, 58033-455 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (P.F.); (A.S.); (F.A.-J.); (T.M.); (E.F.); (J.B.-F.); (E.L.)
| | - Thamara Melo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, 58033-455 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (P.F.); (A.S.); (F.A.-J.); (T.M.); (E.F.); (J.B.-F.); (E.L.)
| | - Elba Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, 58033-455 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (P.F.); (A.S.); (F.A.-J.); (T.M.); (E.F.); (J.B.-F.); (E.L.)
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Chemistry Department, Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, 58033-455 João Pessoa, Brazil; (H.S.); (R.O.); (P.A.-F.)
| | - Petrônio Athayde-Filho
- Chemistry Department, Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, 58033-455 João Pessoa, Brazil; (H.S.); (R.O.); (P.A.-F.)
| | - José Barbosa-Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, 58033-455 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (P.F.); (A.S.); (F.A.-J.); (T.M.); (E.F.); (J.B.-F.); (E.L.)
| | - Abrahão Oliveira-Filho
- Rural Health and Technology Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, 58708-110 Patos, Brazil;
| | - Edeltrudes Lima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, 58033-455 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (P.F.); (A.S.); (F.A.-J.); (T.M.); (E.F.); (J.B.-F.); (E.L.)
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Kodranov ID, Pergal MV, Avdin VV, Manojlović DD. Examination of degradation and ecotoxicology of pethoxamid and metazachlor after chlorine dioxide treatment. Environ Monit Assess 2020; 192:422. [PMID: 32519186 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide has been reported as very efficiently removing pesticides and other organic compounds from water matrixes. Due to pesticide toxicity and potential toxicity of their degradation products, it is important to monitor these compounds as environmental pollutants in ground and surface waters. Evaluating the effects of chlorine dioxide treatment is necessary, and toxicity studies are used to ascertain the severity of effects of intermediates due to incomplete degradation of the parent compounds. In this paper, for the first time, chlorine dioxide is applied and evaluated for the removal of chloroacetamide herbicides (pethoxamid and metazachlor) from waters (deionized water and Sava River water). The degradation degree of herbicides was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, the main degradation products were identified using gas chromatography with a triple quadrupole mass detector, and the degree of mineralization was monitored by total organic carbon analysis. Four and two degradation products were identified after pethoxamid and metazachlor degradation, respectively. Total organic carbon analysis showed mineralization occurred, but it was incomplete. The mineralization and the characteristics of the degradation products obtained were tested using Daphnia magna and showed lower toxicity than the parent herbicides. The advantage of the applied treatment was a very high degradation percentage for pethoxamid removal from deionized water and Sava River water (100% and 97%, respectively), with higher mineralization efficiency (65%) than metazachlor. Slightly lower degradation efficiency in the Sava River water was due to chlorine dioxide oxidizing the herbicides and dissolved organic matter simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor D Kodranov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Marija V Pergal
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Viacheslav V Avdin
- South Ural State University, Lenin Prospekt 76, Chelyabinsk, Russia, 454080
| | - Dragan D Manojlović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
- South Ural State University, Lenin Prospekt 76, Chelyabinsk, Russia, 454080
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Kim H, Wang H, Abassi S, Ki JS. The herbicide alachlor severely affects photosystem function and photosynthetic gene expression in the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum. J Environ Sci Health B 2020; 55:620-629. [PMID: 32364417 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1755198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alachlor is one of the most widely used herbicides and can remain in agricultural soils and wastewater. The toxicity of alachlor to marine life has been rarely studied; therefore, we evaluated the physiological and transcriptional responses in the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum. The herbicide led to considerable decreases in P. minimum cell numbers and pigment contents. The EC50 was determined to be 0.373 mg/L. Photosynthesis efficiency and chlorophyll autofluorescence dramatically decreased with increasing alachlor dose and exposure time. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the photosynthesis-related genes PmpsbA, PmatpB, and PmrbcL were induced the most by alachlor; the transcriptional level of each gene varied with time. PmrbcL expression increased after 30 min of alachlor treatment, whereas PmatpB and PmpsbA increased after 24 h. The PmpsbA expression level was highest (5.0 times compared to control) after 6 h of alachlor treatment. There was no significant change in PmpsaA expression with varying treatment time or concentration. Additionally, there was no notable change in the expression of antioxidant genes PmGST and PmKatG, or in ROS accumulation. These suggest that alachlor may affect microalgal photosystem function, with little oxidative stress, causing severe physiological damage to the cells, and even cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sofia Abassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Machado MD, Soares EV. Reproductive cycle progression arrest and modification of cell morphology (shape and biovolume) in the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata exposed to metolachlor. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 222:105449. [PMID: 32109756 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metolachlor (MET) is an herbicide widely used and frequently found (at μg L-1) in aquatic systems. This work aimed to study the modes of action of MET on the green microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Algae exposed to 115 or 235 μg L-1 MET, for 48 or 72 h, presented a reduction of metabolic activity, chlorophyll a and b content and photosynthetic efficiency. The exposure to 115 or 235 μg L-1 MET also induced growth yield reduction, mean cell biovolume increase and alteration of the typical algae shape (cells lunate or helically twisted) to "French croissant"-type; at these MET concentrations, algal population was mainly composed by multinucleated cells (≥ 4 nuclei), which suggest that MET impairs the normal progression of the reproductive cycle but did not hinder nuclear division. The accumulation of multinucleated cells seems to be the consequence of the incapacity of the parent cell to release the autospores. In conclusion, MET disrupts the physiology of P. subcapitata cells; the disturbance of the progression of the reproductive cycle should be in the origin of growth slowdown (or even its arrest), increase of mean cell biovolume and modification of algal shape. This work contributed to elucidate, in a systematically and integrated way, the toxic mechanism of MET on the non-target organism, the alga P. subcapitata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela D Machado
- Bioengineering Laboratory-CIETI, ISEP-School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo V Soares
- Bioengineering Laboratory-CIETI, ISEP-School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Cheng B, Zhang H, Hu J, Peng Y, Yang J, Liao X, Liu F, Guo J, Hu C, Lu H. The immunotoxicity and neurobehavioral toxicity of zebrafish induced by famoxadone-cymoxanil. Chemosphere 2020; 247:125870. [PMID: 31931321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a new protective and therapeutic fungicide, studies on famoxadone-cymoxanil are rare, and its toxicity to aquatic organisms has not been reported. In the present study, zabrafish embryos were exposed to several concentrations of famoxadone-cymoxanil at 10 hpf. Then, the changes of their shape, heart rate, development and function of innate and adaptive immune cells, oxidative stress, apoptosis, the expression of apoptosis-related genes and immune-related genes, the locomotor behavior were observed and detected in acute toxicity of famoxadone-cymoxanil. Our studies showed that, after exposure to famoxadone-cymoxanil, zebrafish embryos had decreased heart rate, shortened body length, swollen yolk sac. Secondly, the number of innate and adaptive immune cells was significantly reduced; and neutrophil migration and retention at the injury area were inhibited, indicating the developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity of famoxadone-cymoxanil on the zebrafish. We also found that the oxidative stress related indicators of embryos were changed significantly, and apoptosis were substantially increased. Further investigation of changes of some key genes in TLR signaling including TLR4, MYD88 and NF-κB p65 revealed that the mRNA expression of these genes was up-regulated. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of some proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL6 and IL-1β was also up-regulated. In addition, the activity, the total distance, time and average speed were decreased along with the increase of exposure concentration. The absolute turn angle, sinuosity and the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were also increased. These results suggested that famoxadone-cymoxanil can induce developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity and neurobehavioral toxicity in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Jihuan Hu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yuyang Peng
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nan Chang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nan Chang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China.
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20
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Wang J, Chen G. Dimethylacetamide-induced toxic hepatitis in spandex workers: clinical presentation and treatment outcomes. QJM 2020; 113:324-329. [PMID: 31693155 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) exposure has been associated with toxic hepatitis, and no clinical treatment has been reported. AIM To investigate the clinical manifestations of DMAc-induced symptoms and how to rescue the functional loss due to occupational exposure. DESIGN Clinical observations of 60 spandex factory workers with the exposure to DMAc from January, 2017-19. METHODS Chinese drugs (reduced glutathione, polyene phosphatidylcholine, glycyrrhizin compound, Hugan tablets and ornithine aspartate) were used to evaluate the therapeutic improvements in DMAc-exposed patients. RESULTS Our data found that 58.3% patients had no distinct clinical symptoms, but 41.7% patients felt fatigue, and 21.7% patients suffered abdominal discomfort and appetite loss, and 8.3% patients had yellow skin and sclera. The ultrasonic and CT imaging revealed that some patients have fatty livers, intrahepatic calcifications, hepatomegaly, gallbladder wall edema and abdominal effusions. Biochemical analysis showed that the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.001) and bilirubin (P < 0.01) statistically decreased after the drug treatment, but alkaline phosphatase (P >0.05) and glutamyl transpeptidase (P> 0.05) did not decrease. Twenty-nine out of the thirty-one patients' abnormal blood ammonia recovered. The risk factor of ALT on hospitalization time was significantly related (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The drugs above are sufficient to rescue functional loss in DMAc-induced toxic hepatitis, in part via the regulations of ALT, AST, LDH, bilirubin and ammonia. Workers with the exposure to DMAc should receive specific drugs to maintain the health and prevent functional loss in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing 314000
| | - G Chen
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310018, China
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21
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Rozmánková E, Pípal M, Bláhová L, Njattuvetty Chandran N, Morin B, Gonzalez P, Bláha L. Environmentally relevant mixture of S-metolachlor and its two metabolites affects thyroid metabolism in zebrafish embryos. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 221:105444. [PMID: 32078888 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides and their metabolites are often detected in water bodies where they may cause adverse effects to non-target organisms. Their effects at environmentally relevant concentrations are often unclear, especially concerning mixtures of pesticides. This study thus investigated the impacts of one of the most used herbicides: S-metolachlor and its two metabolites, metolachlor oxanilic acid (MOA) and metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid (MESA) on the development of zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). Embryos were exposed to the individual substances and their environmentally relevant mixture until 120 hpf (hours post-fertilization). The focus was set on sublethal endpoints such as malformations, hatching success, length of fish larvae, spontaneous movements, heart rate and locomotion. Moreover, expression levels of eight genes linked to the thyroid system disruption, oxidative stress defense, mitochondrial metabolism, regulation of cell cycle and retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway were analyzed. Exposure to S-metolachlor (1 μg/L) and the pesticide mixture (1 μg/L of each substance) significantly reduced spontaneous tail movements of 21 hpf embryos. Few rare developmental malformations were observed, but only in larvae exposed to more than 100 μg/L of individual substances (craniofacial deformation, non-inflated gas bladder, yolk sac malabsorption) and to 30 μg/L of each substance in the pesticide mixture (spine deformation). No effect on hatching success, length of larvae, heart rate or larvae locomotion were found. Strong responses were detected at the molecular level including induction of p53 gene regulating the cell cycle (the pesticide mixture - 1 μg/L of each substance; MESA 30 μg/L; and MOA 100 μg/L), as induction of cyp26a1 gene encoding cytochrome P450 (pesticide mixture - 1 μg/L of each substance). Genes implicated in the thyroid system regulation (dio2, thra, thrb) were all overexpressed by the environmentally relevant concentrations of the pesticide mixture (1 μg/L of each substance) and MESA metabolite (1 μg/L). Zebrafish thyroid system disruption was revealed by the overexpressed genes, as well as by some related developmental malformations (mainly gas bladder and yolk sac abnormalities), and reduced spontaneous tail movements. Thus, the thyroid system disruption represents a likely hypothesis behind the effects caused by the low environmental concentrations of S-metolachlor, its two metabolites and their mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Rozmánková
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Marek Pípal
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bláhová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Bénédicte Morin
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33400 Talence, France
| | | | - Luděk Bláha
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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22
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Kim DH, Park CG, Kim YJ. Characterizing the potential estrogenic and androgenic activities of two disinfection byproducts, mono-haloacetic acids and haloacetamides, using in vitro bioassays. Chemosphere 2020; 242:125198. [PMID: 31689635 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to disinfection byproducts (DBPs) is potentially related to cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and tumorigenic effects in humans, in addition to their adverse effects on the environment. However, their impacts on endocrine disruption, especially reproductive toxicity, remain largely unknown. In this study, the estrogenic and androgenic activities of DBPs and corresponding antagonistic activities were investigated using a yeast-based reporter assay, focusing on haloacetic acids and haloacetamides. We also examined the cytotoxicity of DBPs and mechanisms of antagonistic activities. Of the DBPs assayed, iodoacetamide (IAM) and bromoacetamide (BAM) were the most cytotoxic, with LC50 values of 0.0462 and 0.0537 mM, respectively, followed by chloroacetic acid (CAA; LC50 = 4.87 mM) and chloroacetamide (CAM; LC50 = 5.28 mM). Iodoacetic acid (IAA) and bromoacetic acid (BAA) were the least cytotoxic, with LC50 values of 5.52 and 6.35 mM, respectively. IAA (EC10 = 0.00573 mM; EC50 = 0.0215 mM) exhibited most potent estrogenic activity, and CAA (EC10 = 0.0434 mM) and BAM (EC10 = 0.0150 mM) showed weak estrogenic and androgenic activities, respectively. By contrast, IAM exhibited anti-estrogenic effects. These results suggest that DBPs interact with hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Europe, Saarbrucken, 66123, Germany
| | - Chang Gyun Park
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Europe, Saarbrucken, 66123, Germany
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Europe, Saarbrucken, 66123, Germany.
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Api AM, Belsito D, Biserta S, Botelho D, Bruze M, Burton GA, Buschmann J, Cancellieri MA, Dagli ML, Date M, Dekant W, Deodhar C, Fryer AD, Gadhia S, Jones L, Joshi K, Lapczynski A, Lavelle M, Liebler DC, Na M, O'Brien D, Patel A, Penning TM, Ritacco G, Rodriguez-Ropero F, Romine J, Sadekar N, Salvito D, Schultz TW, Siddiqi F, Sipes IG, Sullivan G, Thakkar Y, Tokura Y, Tsang S. RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-(4-methylphenoxy)-N-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)acetamide, CAS Registry Number 1374760-95-8. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138 Suppl 1:111208. [PMID: 32087314 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D Belsito
- Member Expert Panel, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - S Biserta
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D Botelho
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M Bruze
- Member Expert Panel, Malmo University Hospital, Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, Entrance 47, Malmo, SE-20502, Sweden
| | - G A Burton
- Member Expert Panel, School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, Dana Building G110, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 58109, USA
| | - J Buschmann
- Member Expert Panel, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - M A Cancellieri
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M L Dagli
- Member Expert Panel, University of Sao Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - M Date
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - W Dekant
- Member Expert Panel, University of Wuerzburg, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Deodhar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - A D Fryer
- Member Expert Panel, Oregon Health Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - S Gadhia
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - L Jones
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - K Joshi
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - A Lapczynski
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M Lavelle
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D C Liebler
- Member Expert Panel, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, 638 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - M Na
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D O'Brien
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - A Patel
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - T M Penning
- Member of Expert Panel, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, 1316 Biomedical Research Building (BRB) II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3083, USA
| | - G Ritacco
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - F Rodriguez-Ropero
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - J Romine
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - N Sadekar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D Salvito
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - T W Schultz
- Member Expert Panel, The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996- 4500, USA
| | - F Siddiqi
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - I G Sipes
- Member Expert Panel, Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA
| | - G Sullivan
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA.
| | - Y Thakkar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - Y Tokura
- Member Expert Panel, The Journal of Dermatological Science (JDS), Editor-in-Chief, Professor and Chairman, Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - S Tsang
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
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24
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Sigurnjak M, Ukić Š, Cvetnić M, Markić M, Novak Stankov M, Rasulev B, Kušić H, Lončarić Božić A, Rogošić M, Bolanča T. Combined toxicities of binary mixtures of alachlor, chlorfenvinphos, diuron and isoproturon. Chemosphere 2020; 240:124973. [PMID: 31726602 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are the chemicals of increased concern regarding their adverse environmental effects. In particular, the reports on their joint toxicity effects are scarce in the literature. Therefore, this paper describes the experiments on toxicities of four pesticides: alachlor, chlorfenvinphos, diuron, and isoproturon, toward Vibrio fischeri. In particular, the joint toxicity effects for all possible binary combinations of the pesticides were analyzed. The analysis included the application of concentration addition and independent action models at two toxicity levels: EC10 and EC50. The analysis revealed additive behavior between all pesticide pairs. The only exception was isoproturon and chlorfenvinphos whose combination resulted in synergistic toxic activity. The original form of the logistic function was given preference over the linearized form in describing the response-dose relationships of investigated pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sigurnjak
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Š Ukić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - M Cvetnić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Markić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Novak Stankov
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - B Rasulev
- North Dakota State University, Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - H Kušić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Lončarić Božić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Rogošić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - T Bolanča
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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25
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Nault R, Bals B, Teymouri F, Black MB, Andersen ME, McMullen PD, Krishnan S, Kuravadi N, Paul N, Kumar S, Kannan K, Jayachandra KC, Alagappan L, Patel BD, Bogen KT, Gollapudi BB, Klaunig JE, Zacharewski TR, Bringi V. A toxicogenomic approach for the risk assessment of the food contaminant acetamide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 388:114872. [PMID: 31881176 PMCID: PMC7014822 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acetamide (CAS 60-35-5) is detected in common foods. Chronic rodent bioassays led to its classification as a group 2B possible human carcinogen due to the induction of liver tumors in rats. We used a toxicogenomics approach in Wistar rats gavaged daily for 7 or 28 days at doses of 300 to 1500 mg/kg/day (mkd) to determine a point of departure (POD) and investigate its mode of action (MoA). Ki67 labeling was increased at doses ≥750 mkd up to 3.3-fold representing the most sensitive apical endpoint. Differential gene expression analysis by RNA-Seq identified 1110 and 1814 differentially expressed genes in male and female rats, respectively, following 28 days of treatment. Down-regulated genes were associated with lipid metabolism while up-regulated genes included cell signaling, immune response, and cell cycle functions. Benchmark dose (BMD) modeling of the Ki67 labeling index determined the BMD10 lower confidence limit (BMDL10) as 190 mkd. Transcriptional BMD modeling revealed excellent concordance between transcriptional POD and apical endpoints. Collectively, these results indicate that acetamide is most likely acting through a mitogenic MoA, though specific key initiating molecular events could not be elucidated. A POD value of 190 mkd determined for cell proliferation is suggested for risk assessment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rance Nault
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Bryan Bals
- Michigan Biotechnology Institute, Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tim R Zacharewski
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Venkataraman Bringi
- Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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26
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Sun Y, Zhao L, Li X, Xu H, Weng L, Yang L, Li Y. Response of soil bacterial and fungal community structure succession to earthworm addition for bioremediation of metolachlor. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 189:109926. [PMID: 31780207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic biodegradation of earthworms and soil microorganisms plays a key role in the removal of organic pollutants in soil, yet microbially mediated processes remain unclear, especially regarding the succession of soil microbial interactions. Herein, soil biochemical evaluation, microbial community characterization, and interaction network construction were combined to understand the mechanisms dominating microbial community succession during synergistic bioremediation of metolachlor-polluted soils. The results of the network analysis indicated that metolachlor could render more complex relations but weaker connection strength among soil microorganisms. The addition of earthworms significantly alleviated the stress of metolachlor on soil microbial interactions and resulted in the restoration of interactions to a great extent. Additionally, the soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial community changed greatly with the addition of metolachlor and earthworms. Some soil microorganisms became significantly correlated with soil properties, metolachlor concentrations, and enzyme activities. These results, dominated by the succession of soil microbial communities, provide a new perspective for assessing the remediation effect of contaminated soil by organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Land and Environmental College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liping Weng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Land and Environmental College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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27
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Ding X, Zhu J, Zhang J, Dong T, Xia Y, Jiao J, Wang X, Zhou W. Developmental toxicity of disinfection by-product monohaloacetamides in embryo-larval stage of zebrafish. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 189:110037. [PMID: 31812018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging class of nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs), haloacetamides (HAcAms) have been widely detected in drinking water. Limited toxicity studies have shown an inconsistent toxicity of monoHAcAms, including CAcAm, BAcAm and IAcAm. In this study, the developmental toxicity of monoHAcAms was evaluated in embryo-larval stage of zebrafish. Embryos were exposed to one concentration of 2.50, 5.00, 10.0, 20.0, 40.0 and 80.0 mg/L monoHAcAms from 4 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 120 hpf. Multiple endpoints, including hatching rate, morphological abnormalities, mortality as well as locomotor behavior were assessed at specified stages (24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hpf). Results showed that 80 mg/L CAcAm and 40 mg/L BAcAm significantly decreased the hatching rate, IAcAm decreased the hatching rate and delayed the hatching process in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 of 16.37 mg/L at 72 hpf. The frequency and severity order of morphological abnormalities increased with the raised exposure concentrations and prolonged exposure time, and the corresponding EC50 at 96 hpf were 21.10, 9.77 and 16.60 mg/L for CAcAm, BAcAm and IAcAm, respectively. MonoHAcAms exposure resulted in a time- and dose-dependent response in mortality and the calculated LC50 at 72 hpf were 38.44, 17.74 and 28.82 mg/L for CAcAm, BAcAm and IAcAm, respectively. Based on EC50 for morphological abnormalities and LC50, a toxicity rank order of BAcAm > IAcAm > CAcAm was observed. Different degrees of hyperactivity and hypoactivity were observed from locomotor behavior analysis in larvae from ≤10.0 mg/L monoHAcAms exposure groups. The light-dark periodic change was disappeared in larvae of 10.0 mg/L BAcAm exposure group. In summary, our study showed that monoHAcAms were developmentally toxic to zebrafish even at very low concentrations and BAcAm exerted higher toxicity than IAcAm and CAcAm. These results will further our understanding of the toxicity of HAcAms and its potential toxicological impact on human and ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Ding
- Department of Public Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Jingying Zhu
- Department of Public Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jiandong Jiao
- Department of Public Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Department of Public Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China.
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Velisek J, Stara A, Kubec J, Zuskova E, Buric M, Kouba A. Effects of metazachlor and its major metabolite metazachlor OA on early life stages of marbled crayfish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:875. [PMID: 31964976 PMCID: PMC6972915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the herbicide metazachlor and its major metabolite metazachlor OA at two concentrations, including environmentally relevant concentrations of metazachlor (0.0115 µmol/l and 0.0790 µmol/l) and metazachlor OA (0.0117 µmol/l and 0.0805 µmol/l), respectively, were evaluated on early ontogeny, growth, behaviour, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme levels, histology, and mortality of marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis. Both tested concentrations of metazachlor and metazachlor OA were associated with significantly lower growth and delayed ontogenetic development compared to controls. Exposure of metazachlor at 0.0115 µmol/l and metazachlor OA at 0.0117 µmol/l and 0.0805 µmol/l resulted in significantly lower activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione s-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced glutathione (GSH) compared with control and resulted in gill anomalies ranging from wall thinning to focal disintegration of branchial structure. Metazachlor at the environmentally relevant concentration of 0.0790 µmol/l was associated with significant alterations of crayfish distance moved and walking speed. The potential risk associated with metazachlor use in agriculture related to effects on non-target aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Velisek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Alzbeta Stara
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubec
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Zuskova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Buric
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Kouba
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
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Tóth G, Háhn J, Kriszt B, Szoboszlay S. Acute and chronic toxicity of herbicides and their mixtures measured by Aliivibrio fischeri ecotoxicological assay. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 185:109702. [PMID: 31585394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our work was to determine the acute and chronic toxicity of three of the EU's most common herbicides - mesotrione, S-metolachlor, terbuthylazine - and their mixtures by Aliivibrio fischeri ecotoxicological assays. While comparing the sensitivity of the acute (30 min) Microtox® standard assay with the chronic (25 h) test adapted to microtiter plate, joint effects (antagonism, additive effect and synergism) to the bioluminescence inhibition (consequently the metabolic damage) in A. fischeri were also determined by Combination Index (CI) method. 30 min of exposure to mesotrione and S-metolachlor resulted in a relatively low acute toxicity (EC50 values were 118 and 265 mg/L), while terbuthylazine did not cause bioluminescence inhibition at all. Results showed that the chronic toxicity of S-metolachlor and terbuthylazine to A. fischeri (EC5010h = 59.2 and 4.9 mg/L and EC5015h = 54.0 and 9.6 mg/L, respectively) is larger by at least one order of magnitude than that after 30 min of contact time. Considering mesotrione no significant difference was experienced in toxicity. Regarding the EC50 values, all of the mixtures had synergistic joint effects in the acute assay. However, in the chronic test all the mixtures showed antagonistic responses with the exception of mesotrione and S-metolachlor (ratio 1:1) combination, which also had additive and synergistic effects after 10 and 15 h of exposure, similarly to the short-term test. This is also the first report of the joint effects of these herbicides. The chronic test is a more sensitive indicator to the active ingredients; both acute and chronic assays supply valuable data of the toxic properties of the pesticides. Moreover, the short- and long-term joint effects of their mixtures supporting a more accurate and reliable risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Tóth
- Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, 1 Páter Károly Street, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Judit Háhn
- Szent István University, Regional University Center of Excellence, 1 Páter Károly Street, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Kriszt
- Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, 1 Páter Károly Street, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Sándor Szoboszlay
- Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, 1 Páter Károly Street, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
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Nykiel-Szymańska J, Różalska S, Bernat P, Słaba M. Assessment of oxidative stress and phospholipids alterations in chloroacetanilides-degrading Trichoderma spp. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 184:109629. [PMID: 31509783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the induction of oxidative stress and antioxidant response in the chloroacetanilides-degrading Trichoderma spp. under alachlor and metolachlor exposure, a comparative analysis using popular biomarkers was employed. An increased intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS; especially superoxide anion [O2-]) as well as products of lipid and protein oxidation after 24 h incubation with the herbicides confirmed chloroacetanilide-induced oxidative stress in tested Trichoderma strains. However, the considerable decline in the ROS levels and the carbonyl group content (biomarkers of protein peroxidation) in a time-dependent manner and changes in the antioxidant enzyme activities indicated an active response against chloroacetanilide-induced oxidative stress and the mechanism of tolerance in tested fungi. Moreover, the tested herbicides clearly modified the phospholipids (PLs) content in Trichoderma spp. in the stationary phase of growth, which was manifested through the difference in phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholines (PC) levels. Despite enhanced lipid peroxidation and changes in PLs in most tested fungi, only a slight modification in membrane integrity of Trichoderma spp. under chloroacetanilides exposure was noted. The obtained results suggest that the alterations in the antioxidant system and the PLs profile of Trichoderma spp. might be useful biomarkers of chloroacetanilide-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Nykiel-Szymańska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Różalska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mirosława Słaba
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
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Ding X, Zhu J, Wang X, Zhou W, Wu K, Zhou Z, Zhou K, Wu D, Jiao J, Xia Y, Wang X. Different cytotoxicity of disinfection by-product haloacetamides on two exposure pathway-related cell lines: Human gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 and immortalized human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Sci Total Environ 2019; 692:1267-1275. [PMID: 31539958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to disinfection by-products (DBPs) mainly through drinking water ingestion and dermal contact. As an emerging class of nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs), haloacetamides (HAcAms) have been found to have significantly higher cytotoxicity than regulated DBPs. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of HAcAms on two exposure pathway-related cell lines: human gastric epithelial GES-1 cells and immortalized keratinocytes HaCaT. Our results showed that the ranking order of cytotoxicity of 13 HAcAms was different between HaCaT and GES-1 cells. In addition, the 50% inhibitive concentration in HaCaT was 1.01-3.29 times that in GES-1. Further comparison among GES-1, HaCaT and CHO cell lines confirmed that different cell lines exhibited different sensitivity to the same compound. Importantly, HAcAms showed 5.83-7.13 × 104 times higher toxicity than the well-clarified DBP chloroform, clearly demonstrating the increased toxicity of HAcAms. Finally, using a novel high-content screening (HCS) analysis, we found that 39.29% of chlorinated HAcAms, 42.86% of brominated HAcAms and 16.07% of iodinated HAcAms significantly affected at least one of the cell-health parameters, such as nuclear size, membrane permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential, or cytochrome c release, in GES-1 or HaCaT cells. Thus, brominated HAcAms appear to have stronger effects under the sublethal exposure dose, possibly causing cytotoxicity via apoptosis. Together, our study provides new insights to the toxicity of HAcAms and a comprehensive toxicology dataset for health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Public Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Jingying Zhu
- Department of Public Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Department of Public Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Keqin Wu
- Department of Public Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Zhu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, York College, The City University of New York, Jamaica, N.Y. 11451
| | - Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiandong Jiao
- Department of Public Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China.
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Zhao L, Gao Y, Xie J, Zhang Q, Guo F, Liu S, Liu W. A strategy to reduce the dose of multichiral agricultural chemicals: The herbicidal activity of metolachlor against Echinochloa crusgalli. Sci Total Environ 2019; 690:181-188. [PMID: 31288109 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural chemicals are normally used as mixtures of several isomers, e.g., enantiomers. In theory, in order to minimize the pesticides dose, it is desirable to use the most target-active isomer. Metolachlor is a typical multichiral herbicide belonging to amide herbicides. An asymmetric carbon atom and a chiral axis yield four stereoisomers. In this study, a novel laboratory method was developed to prepare the S-metolachlor and the four stereoisomers using high performance liquid chromatography. The separated isomers had a purity of >99%, with their absolute configurations assigned by electronic circular dichroism. The enantioseparation by ultra performance convergence chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was also performed for the rapid and sensitive detection of metolachlor stereoisomers. The enantioselective herbicidal activity toward the target weed (Echinochloa crusgalli) was systematically assessed for the first time by measuring the morphology of the weed after treatment with rac-, S-metolachlor and the four stereoisomers, respectively. Among the commercial pesticides, S-metolachlor was more effective in weed inhibition than rac-metolachlor, and to the four stereoisomers, the herbicidal activities were ranked as: SS > SR ≫ RS > RR, and the RR-isomer even had some stimulative effect to the weed growth at lower concentration (1 ppm). Thus, we concluded that in these cases, the chiral carbon feature played a major role in herbicidal activity rather than the chiral axis feature, and the higher bioactivity of the S-isomers was confirmed by more effective uptake and stronger interaction with target enzymes that were involved in the gibberellic acid biosynthesis. Although the SS-isomer shows the highest herbicidal activity, controlling the major chiral feature is still much easier and more economical than controlling two chiral features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingqian Xie
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Fangjie Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuren Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Alacantara F, Weighman KK, Moore PA. Variable Background Flow on Aquatic Toxicant Exposure Alters Foraging Patterns on Crayfish. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 103:663-669. [PMID: 31473775 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02707-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is expected to alter hydrological cycles on global and regional scales, impacting groundwater and surface water inputs to stream habitats. In the midwestern United States, the volume and frequency of inputs are expected to become increasingly variable. This region has a high incidence of agriculture, creating enormous potential for transport of pesticides and herbicides into aquatic ecosystems. Metolachlor, an herbicide for corn and soybean crops, has been demonstrated to contaminate surface water and groundwater in the region. This study examines the impact of variable flow conditions on the toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of metolachlor in a macroinvertebrate found in midwestern streams, the rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus). Changes in crayfish foraging behavior were analyzed using a Mixed Model ANCOVA. Under toxicant exposure, crayfish significantly increased their consumption of macrophytes, but only under the variable flow regime. Thus, the increased variability in toxicant exposure impacted crayfish foraging behavior more than other flow regimes. This significant interaction between flow regime and metolachlor exposure suggests that the greater variability in toxicant inputs to streams may lead to more severe changes in behavior for exposed organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristi K Weighman
- Laboratory for Sensory Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
- University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI, 49769, USA
| | - Paul A Moore
- Laboratory for Sensory Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
- University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI, 49769, USA.
- J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
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Demailly F, Elfeky I, Malbezin L, Le Guédard M, Eon M, Bessoule JJ, Feurtet-Mazel A, Delmas F, Mazzella N, Gonzalez P, Morin S. Impact of diuron and S-metolachlor on the freshwater diatom Gomphonema gracile: Complementarity between fatty acid profiles and different kinds of ecotoxicological impact-endpoints. Sci Total Environ 2019; 688:960-969. [PMID: 31726578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) are crucial for the maintenance of membrane fluidity and play a central role in metabolic energy storage. Polyunsaturated fatty acids play an essential ecological role since they are key parameters in the nutritional value of algae. Pesticide impacts on fatty acid profiles have been documented in marine microalgae, but remain understudied in freshwater diatoms. The aims of this study were to: 1) investigate the impact of diuron and S-metolachlor on "classical descriptors" (photosynthesis, growth rate, pigment contents, and on the expression levels of target genes in freshwater diatoms), 2) examine the impact of these pesticides on diatom fatty acid profiles and finally, 3) compare fatty acid profiles and "classical descriptor" responses in order to evaluate their complementarity and ecological role. To address this issue, the model freshwater diatom Gomphonema gracile was exposed during seven days to diuron and S-metolachlor at 10 μg.L-1. G. gracile was mostly composed of the following fatty acids: 20:5n3; 16:1; 16:0; 16:3n4; 14:0 and 20:4n6 and highly unsaturated fatty acids were overall the best represented fatty acid class. S-metolachlor decreased the growth rate and chlorophyll a content of G. gracile and induced the expression of cox1, nad5, d1 and cat genes, while no significant impacts were observed on photosynthesis and carotenoid content. In a more global way, S-metolachlor did not impact the fatty acid profiles of G. gracile. Diuron inhibited photosynthesis, growth rate, chlorophyll a content and induced cat and d1 gene expressions but no significant effect was observed on carotenoid content. Diuron decreased the percentage of highly unsaturated fatty acids but increased the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids. These results demonstrated that fatty acids responded to diuron conversely to pigment content, suggesting that fatty acids can inform on energy content variation in diatoms subjected to herbicide stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imane Elfeky
- Irstea, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas cedex, France
| | - Laura Malbezin
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, Station Marine d'Arcachon, Place du Docteur Bertrand Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon Cedex, France
| | - Marina Le Guédard
- LEB Aquitaine Transfert, ADERA, Bâtiment A3, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Mélissa Eon
- Irstea, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas cedex, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bessoule
- CNRS - Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, Bâtiment A3, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Agnès Feurtet-Mazel
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, Station Marine d'Arcachon, Place du Docteur Bertrand Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon Cedex, France
| | - François Delmas
- Irstea, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Mazzella
- Irstea, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas cedex, France
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, Station Marine d'Arcachon, Place du Docteur Bertrand Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon Cedex, France
| | - Soizic Morin
- Irstea, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas cedex, France
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Xue B, Li C, Wang S, Zhao C, Dai K, Li W, Xi Z, Wang J, Qiu Z, Shen Z. Effects of 2,2-dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm), an emerging disinfection by-product in drinking water, on the intestinal microbiota of adult zebrafish. J Water Health 2019; 17:683-690. [PMID: 31638020 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2019.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) increases the mutagenicity of water and may pose adverse health effects. Gut microbiota exerts a fundamental role on host physiology, and how extrinsic perturbations influence its composition has been increasingly examined. However, the effect of DBPs on gut microbiota is still poorly understood. In the present study, adult zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations of dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm, an emerging nitrogenous DBP) for 30 days. Sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons revealed a significant change in the richness and diversity of microbiota in the gut of DCAcAm-exposed zebrafish. At the phylum level, the abundance of Proteobacteria decreased and the abundance of Fusobacteria and Firmicutes increased significantly in the gut after exposure to 100 and 500 μg/L DCAcAm. At the genus level, the abundances of several bacteria which are considered pathogens or opportunistic pathogens in fish and closely related to fish metabolism, disease and inflammation (Aeromonas, Stenotrophomonas, Bacteroides and Ralstonia) increased in the DCAcAm-treated groups. Our results reveal that DBPs in drinking water potentially affect gut microbiota composition, which may contribute to the toxicity assessment of DBPs in future and provide new insight into the complex interactions between the DBPs in drinking water and host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xue
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China E-mail:
| | - Chenyu Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China E-mail:
| | - Shang Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China E-mail:
| | - Chen Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China E-mail:
| | - Kun Dai
- Tianjin Rehabilitation Center, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Wenhong Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China E-mail:
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China E-mail:
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China E-mail:
| | - Zhigang Qiu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China E-mail:
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China E-mail:
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Tomkiel M, Baćmaga M, Borowik A, Kucharski J, Wyszkowska J. Effect of a mixture of flufenacet and isoxaflutole on population numbers of soil-dwelling microorganisms, enzymatic activity of soil, and maize yield. J Environ Sci Health B 2019; 54:832-842. [PMID: 31280652 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1636601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of a mixture of flufenacet + isoxaflutole on counts of microorganisms, ecophysiological diversity index (EP), colony development index (CD) and on the enzymatic activity of soil and maize growth. The experiment was conducted with sandy clay, to which the tested herbicide was administered in doses of: 0.25, 5.0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg. Soil without the addition of the mixture served as the control. Results demonstrated that the tested mixture contributed to a decrease in numbers of Azotobacter, organotrophic bacteria, actinobacteria and fungi. The negative effect of the herbicide could also be noticed in the case of the enzymatic activity of soil. Soil contamination contributed to suppressed activities of dehydrogenases, catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and arylsulfatase. In turn, the initial increase in the activity of β-glucosidase was followed by its decline observed with time. The flufenacet + isoxaflutole mixture affected also maize plant growth, reducing maize dry matter yield when used at doses from 5.0 to 160 mg/kg. In summary, it may be concluded that mixture evokes a negative effect on the microbiological and biochemical activity of soil and that their excess in the soil leads to plant decay as at the seeding stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Tomkiel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Baćmaga
- Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agata Borowik
- Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Kucharski
- Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Wyszkowska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Zhang Y, Sun HJ, Zhang JY, Ndayambaje E, Lin H, Chen J, Hong H. Chronic exposure to dichloroacetamide induces biochemical and histopathological changes in the gills of zebrafish. Environ Toxicol 2019; 34:781-787. [PMID: 30884105 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of DCAcAm on zebrafish gill, we measure the responses of antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA), ATPase (Na+ /K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ /Mg2+ -ATP) and histopathological changes of gill in adult zebrafish, after exposed to different concentrations of DCAcAm (0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μg L-1 ) for 30 days. Results indicated that DCAcAm first increased and then decreased SOD activity, and DCAcAm also lowered the activities of Na+ /K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ /Mg2+ -ATPase. These results indicated that high affinity of DCAcAm probably be a main factor, which can damage the structures of enzymes, thereby inhibiting the SOD and ATPase activities. Besides, histopathological investigation results also manifested that chronic exposure to DCAcAm can damage the gill tissues, disrupting the normal function of gills. We conclude that chronic exposure to DCAcAm was harmful to organisms, not only influence gill function, but also further cause damage on the gill tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Jie Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Ying Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Emmanuel Ndayambaje
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
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Qu Q, Ke M, Ye Y, Zhang Q, Lu T, Zhang Z, Qian H. Enantioselective Oxidative Stress Induced by S- and Rac-metolachlor in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seedlings. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 102:439-445. [PMID: 30734056 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The unfounded use of chiral pesticides has caused widespread concern. In this study, the enantioselective effects of S- and racemic (Rac)-metolachlor on the oxidative stress of wheat seedlings was determined based on physiological and gene transcription differences. Growth inhibition increased with increasing concentrations of tested metolachlor, and S-metolachlor had a stronger inhibitory effect than did Rac-metolachlor. Root growth was also significantly inhibited, but no enantioselective effects from the tested concentrations of the metolachlor enantiomers were observed. At a concentration of 5 mg L-1, the maximal fresh weight inhibition reached 63.7% and 53.8% for S-metolachlor and Rac-metolachlor, respectively. In response to the S-metolachlor treatment, the maximum level of superoxide anions and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased to 1.73 and 2.55 times that in response to the control treatment, both of which were greater than those in response to the Rac-metolachlor treatment. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) also increased in response to the S-metolachlor treatment, but the activity of peroxidase (POD) decreased. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that, compared with the Rac-metolachlor treatment, the S-metolachlor treatment attenuated the expression of several antioxidant genes. Together, these results demonstrate that S-metolachlor has a greater effect than does Rac-metolachlor on wheat seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjing Ke
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhi Ye
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
The enantioselective effects of chiral herbicides on aquatic organisms have received increasing attention. As one kind of freshwater algae responsible for most algal blooms, Microcystis aeruginosa can produce hepatotoxic microcystin and cause serious health concerns for drinking water. Thus, the effects of chiral herbicides on M. aeruginosa are of vital significance but poorly understood, especially as the structures of chiral herbicides become more complex. In this study, the enantioselective effects of four metolachlor enantiomers based on carbon center and axis chirality on M. aeruginosa were investigated for the first time at an enantiomeric level. The results of the investigation into algal growth inhibition, chlorophyll a content, and cell integrity indicated that ( S)-metolachlor [( S)-Met] was significantly more toxic than any other isomer. The toxicity ranking of different enantiomers at the highest concentration (15 mg/L) against M. aeruginosa was ( S)-Met > (α R,1' S)-Met > (α S,1' S)-Met > (α S,1' R)-Met > (α R,1' R)-Met, with (α S,1' S)-Met and (α R,1' S)-Met displaying a synergistic effect. Additionally, the Fe distribution in M. aeruginosa presented distinct enantioselectivity, which may contribute to the enantioselective toxicity of metolachlor. Furthermore, metolachlor upregulated the expression of genes mcyD and mcyH in an enantioselective manner, indicating that this herbicide can potentially promote the synthesis and efflux of microcystin, thus aggravating agricultural water contamination to different extents. Overall, this study will help to understand the ecotoxicity of metolachlor at a deeper level and provide theoretical insights into the enantioselective behaviors of metolachlor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Science and Technology , Ningbo University , Ningbo , Zhejiang 315211 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zunwei Chen
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Yuezhong Wen
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , People's Republic of China
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Huang J, Ye Q, Wan K, Wang F. Residue behavior and risk assessment of cymoxanil in grape under field conditions and survey of market samples in Guangzhou. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:3465-3472. [PMID: 30515692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple and fast method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for cymoxanil residue analysis in grape. Sample preparation based on solid-liquid extraction was optimized without using adsorbent for purification. Recoveries were 79.8-109.5% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.5-9.4% at fortified levels from 0.001 to 0.50 mg/kg. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.3 μg/kg. Field trials were conducted to explore the dissipation and terminal residue behavior of cymoxanil in grape. Results showed that the half-lives of cymoxanil were from 0.5 to 0.7 days. Terminal residues were from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 0.363 mg/kg. Dietary exposure risk assessment revealed that the risk quotients (RQs) were much less than 1. It was concluded that cymoxanil in grape raised negligible concerns to human health under field conditions. Sixty grape samples from Guangzhou market were found to be free of cymoxanil. The proposed study would provide reference for appropriate use of cymoxanil in grape planting in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Huang
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qian Ye
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kai Wan
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fuhua Wang
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Velisek J, Stara A, Zuskova E, Kubec J, Buric M, Kouba A. Effects of s-metolachlor on early life stages of marbled crayfish. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 153:87-94. [PMID: 30744900 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of s-metolachlor chronic exposure at concentrations of 1.1 μg/L (maximal real environmental concentration in the Czech Republic), 11 μg/L (environmental relevant concentration) and 110 μg/L on early life stages of marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) was evaluated under laboratory conditions. All s-metolachlor exposures resulted in higher mortality, delay ontogenetic development with accompanied slower growth and excited behaviour (increase of total distance moved and walking speed). Significantly lower superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase activity and reduced glutathione level was observed at two higher tested concentrations (11 and 110 μg/L) of s-metolachlor compared with the control. S-metolachlor in concentrations 110 μg/L showed alteration of the tubular system of hepatopancreas including focal disintegration of tubular epithelium and notable reduction in epithelial cells number, especially B-cells. In conclusion, potential risk associated with using of s-metolachlor in agriculture, due to effects on non-target aquatic organisms as documented on early life stages of marbled crayfish in this study, should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Velisek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Alzbeta Stara
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Zuskova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubec
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Buric
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Kouba
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
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Velisek J, Stara A, Zuskova E, Kubec J, Buric M, Kouba A. Chronic toxicity of metolachlor OA on growth, ontogenetic development, antioxidant biomarkers and histopathology of early life stages of marbled crayfish. Sci Total Environ 2018; 643:1456-1463. [PMID: 30189562 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The metolachlor OA is a metabolite of herbicide metolachlor and s-metolachlor. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect metolachlor OA on early life stages of marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis). The early life stages of marbled crayfish were exposed for 45 days to three concentrations of metolachlor OA: 4.2 μg/L (environmentally relevant concentration, E1), 42 μg/L (E2) and 420 μg/L (E3) under laboratory conditions. The effects were assessed on the basis of mortality, growth, ontogenetic development, behaviour, oxidative stress, antioxidant biomarkers and histopathology. Metolachlor OA caused significantly lower growth, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione s-transferase activity in all tested concentrations. Metolachlor OA in higher concentrations (42 and 420 μg/L) resulted in significantly delayed ontogenetic development, lower reduced glutathione level and lipid peroxidation. Metolachlor OA has not significant effect on behaviour (activity, total distance moved and walking speed). Histological examination revealed alteration of hepatopancreas and gills in crayfish exposed to two higher tested concentrations. Hepatopancreas reflected histomorphological structural changes of individual cell types. Changes of gills included focal hemocytic infiltration together with enlargement of intralamellar space packed with granular substance. In conclusion, chronic metolachlor OA exposure affected growth, ontogenetic development, and the antioxidant system and caused pathological changes in hepatopancreas and gills of early life stages of marbled crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Velisek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Alzbeta Stara
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Zuskova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubec
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Buric
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Kouba
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
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Hong H, Wu H, Chen J, Wu B, Yu H, Yan B, Liang Y. Cytotoxicity induced by iodinated haloacetamides via ROS accumulation and apoptosis in HepG-2 cells. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:191-197. [PMID: 29980037 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Iodinated haloacetamides (I-HAcAms) are emerging disinfection by-products and have received great concern due to their extremely high health risk. Previous studies have demonstrated the cytotoxicity of I-HAcAms, but the biological mechanism remained unclear. In this study, cytotoxicity mechanisms of 4 I-HAcAms species were preliminarily examined using HepG-2 cells. The results showed that the cytotoxicity could be ranked as follows: diiodoacetamide (DIAcAm)> iodoacetamide (IAcAm)> bromoiodoacetamide (BIAcAm)> chloroiodoacetamide (CIAcAm). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis played an important role in the cytotoxicity for all I-HAcAms species. Moreover, the ROS and cytotoxicity could be completely reversed by the addition of an antioxidant (N-acetylcysteine (NAC)), but the apoptosis could not. Specifically, the apoptosis induced by DIAcAm and IAcAm was partially reversed by NAC, suggesting that in addition to ROS, other pathways were also possible; While For BIAcAm and CIAcAm, the apoptosis was not reversed by NAC at all, which is potentially due to ROS-independent pathways. The apoptosis mechanisms were further analyzed via Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression and the corresponding protein expression in HepG-2 cells, that mitochondrial pathway was important in the apoptosis of HepG-2 cells induced by all I-HAcAms species. Overall, the mitochondrial pathway provided a potential explanation for BIAcAm and CIAcAm-induced apoptosis, while both ROS and mitochondrial pathways explained DIAcAm and IAcAm-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Huan Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China; Laboratory for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Laboratory for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Laboratory for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Laboratory for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China; Laboratory for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.
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Nykiel-Szymańska J, Bernat P, Słaba M. Potential of Trichoderma koningii to eliminate alachlor in the presence of copper ions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 162:1-9. [PMID: 29957402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Trichoderma koningii is capable of fast and effective eliminate alachlor (90% after 72 h when added separately and 80-60% in the presence of 1-5 mM of copper). After 168 h over 99% elimination of alachlor resulted in detoxification and was connected with the mitigation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Using MS/MS techniques, seven dechlorinated and hydroxylated metabolites were identified. Cytochrome P450 and laccase participate in biotransformation of the herbicide by this non-ligninolytic fungus. Laccase activity is stimulated both by copper and the mixture of copper and alachlor, which seems to be important for combined pollutants. T. koningii is characterized by high tolerance to copper (up to 7.5 mM). The metal content in mycelia reached 0.9-7.76 mg in 1 g of dry biomass. Our results suggest that T. koningii strain seems to be a promising tool for bioremediation of agricultural areas co-contaminated with copper-based fungicides and chloroacetanilide herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Nykiel-Szymańska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Mirosława Słaba
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, Lodz 90-237, Poland.
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Špoljarić Maronić D, Štolfa Čamagajevac I, Horvatić J, Žuna Pfeiffer T, Stević F, Žarković N, Waeg G, Jaganjac M. S-metolachlor promotes oxidative stress in green microalga Parachlorella kessleri - A potential environmental and health risk for higher organisms. Sci Total Environ 2018; 637-638:41-49. [PMID: 29751315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The estimation of the toxic influences of herbicide products on non-target aquatic organisms is essential for evaluation of environmental contamination. We assessed the effects of the herbicide S-metolachlor (S-MET) on unicellular green microalga Parachlorella kessleri during 4-72 in vitro exposure to concentrations in the range 2-200μg/L. The results have shown that S-MET had a significant effect on algae, even in doses 10 and 20 times lower than the EC50 values obtained for P. kessleri (EC50-72h=1090μg/L). It generates reactive oxygen species in algae, decreases their growth and photosynthetic pigment concentration, changes their ultrastructure and alters the cellular antioxidant defence capacities. The levels of protein adducts with the reactive aldehyde 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), the end-product of lipid peroxidation, were significantly elevated in S-MET treated cells revealing the insufficient effectiveness of P. kessleri antioxidant mechanisms and persistent lipid peroxidation. Since algae are fundamental aquatic food component, the damaged algal cells, still capable of dividing while having persistently increased content of HNE upon S-MET contamination could represent an important environmental toxic factor that might further affect higher organisms in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Špoljarić Maronić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Ivna Štolfa Čamagajevac
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Janja Horvatić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Tanja Žuna Pfeiffer
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Filip Stević
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Neven Žarković
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Georg Waeg
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Humboldtstraße 50, AT-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Morana Jaganjac
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Anti Doping Lab Qatar, Life Science and Research Division, Sports City Road, P.O. Box 27775, Doha, Qatar.
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46
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Lungu-Mitea S, Oskarsson A, Lundqvist J. Development of an oxidative stress in vitro assay in zebrafish (Danio rerio) cell lines. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12380. [PMID: 30120374 PMCID: PMC6098050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of cellular defense against oxidative stress and correlated with classical toxicological endpoints. In vitro methods using fish cell lines for the assessment of aquatic toxicity are needed for mechanistic studies and as an alternative to in vivo. We describe an in vitro assay to study oxidative stress using zebrafish cell lines. Transfection efficiency of twelve commercially available transfection reagents were tested in the zebrafish cell lines ZFL, ZF4, and Pac2. The most efficient reagent for each cell line was selected for further experiments. Cells were transiently transfected with an Nrf2-responsive luciferase plasmid. The assay was tested using the oxidative stress inducing chemicals tertbutylhydroquinone, hydrogen peroxide, and sulforaphane. Of the transfected cell lines, ZF4 and ZFL showed higher sensitivity. The latter were used to study potential oxidative stress induced by pesticides (diazinon, deltamethrin, atrazine, metazachlor, terbutylazine, diuron). Besides known inducers, Nrf2 activity was also significantly induced by diazinon, deltametrin, diuron, and metazachlor. Activation of Nrf2 by metazachlor is a novel finding. The described assay could be a valuable tool for research in toxicology to study the stress response of both pure chemicals and environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lungu-Mitea
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundqvist
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Filimonova V, Nys C, De Schamphelaere KAC, Gonçalves F, Marques JC, Gonçalves AMM, De Troch M. Ecotoxicological and biochemical mixture effects of an herbicide and a metal at the marine primary producer diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii and the primary consumer copepod Acartia tonsa. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:22180-22195. [PMID: 29804247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mixture effects of chemicals and their potential synergistic interactions are of great concern to the public and regulatory authorities worldwide. Intensive agricultural activities are leading to discharges of chemical mixtures to nearby estuarine and marine waters with possible adverse effects on the aquatic communities and for the trophic food web interlinking these communities. Further information about the impacts of these stressors on aquatic organisms is needed. This study addresses ecotoxicological and biochemical effects of single and mixtures of the metal copper and the herbicide Primextra® Gold TZ on the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii and on the estuarine calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa by determining growth rate and survival, respectively, and changes on fatty acid(FA) profiles in both species. Mixture effects on diatom species revealed that copper and Primextra® acted most likely additively with respect to the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models with model deviation ratios (MDR), 0.752 and 1.063, respectively. For the copepod species, copper and Primextra® were most likely non-interactive with respect to the CA model (MDR = 1.521) but acted most likely synergistically with respect to the IA model (MDR = 2.026). A significant decline in the absolute FA concentration was observed for copepod species after mixture exposure including a considerable decrease of essential FAs that cannot be synthesized de novo by these grazers. We concluded that the mixture effects are more hazardous for primary consumer than for primary producer species in terms of both abundance and biomass quality, suggesting a potential for harmful effects for higher trophic levels and thus a decrease in energy flow through the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Filimonova
- IMAR-CMA and MARE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Marine Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Charlotte Nys
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, GhenToxLab, Ghent University, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel A C De Schamphelaere
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, GhenToxLab, Ghent University, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João C Marques
- IMAR-CMA and MARE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M M Gonçalves
- IMAR-CMA and MARE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marleen De Troch
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Marine Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Carles L, Joly M, Bonnemoy F, Leremboure M, Donnadieu F, Batisson I, Besse-Hoggan P. Biodegradation and toxicity of a maize herbicide mixture: mesotrione, nicosulfuron and S-metolachlor. J Hazard Mater 2018; 354:42-53. [PMID: 29727789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The prediction of chemical mixture toxicity is a major concern regarding unintentional mixture of pesticides from agricultural lands treated with various such compounds. We focused our work on a mixture of three herbicides commonly applied on maize crops within a fortnight, namely mesotrione (β-triketone), nicosulfuron (sulfonylurea) and S-metolachlor (chloroacetanilide). The metabolic pathways of mesotrione and nicosulfuron were qualitatively and quantitatively determined with a bacterial strain (Bacillus megaterium Mes11). This strain was isolated from an agricultural soil and able to biotransform both these herbicides. Although these pathways were unaffected in the case of binary or ternary herbicide mixtures, kinetics of nicosulfuron disappearance and also of mesotrione and nicosulfuron metabolite formation was strongly modulated. The toxicity of the parent compounds and metabolites was evaluated for individual compounds and mixtures with the standardized Microtox® test. Synergistic interactions were evidenced for all the parent compound mixtures. Synergistic, antagonistic or additive toxicity was obtained depending on the metabolite mixture. Overall, these results emphasize the need to take into account the active ingredient and metabolites all together for the determination of environmental fate and toxicity of pesticide mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Carles
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Muriel Joly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Bonnemoy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martin Leremboure
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Donnadieu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Batisson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Besse-Hoggan
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Schmolke A, Brain R, Thorbek P, Perkins D, Forbes V. Assessing and mitigating simulated population-level effects of 3 herbicides to a threatened plant: Application of a species-specific population model of Boltonia decurrens. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:1545-1555. [PMID: 29341229 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Extrapolating from organism-level endpoints, as generated from standard pesticide toxicity tests, to populations is an important step in threatened and endangered species risk assessments. We apply a population model for a threatened herbaceous plant species, Boltonia decurrens, to estimate the potential population-level impacts of 3 herbicides. We combine conservative exposure scenarios with dose-response relationships for growth and survival of standard test species and apply those in the species-specific model. Exposure profiles applied in the B. decurrens model were estimated using exposure modeling approaches. Spray buffer zones were simulated by using corresponding exposure profiles, and their effectiveness at mitigating simulated effects on the plant populations was assessed with the model. From simulated exposure effects scenarios that affect plant populations, the present results suggest that B. decurrens populations may be more sensitive to exposures from herbicide spray drift affecting vegetative stages than from runoff affecting early seedling survival and growth. Spray application buffer zones were shown to be effective at reducing effects on simulated populations. Our case study demonstrates how species-specific population models can be applied in pesticide risk assessment to bring organism-level endpoints, exposure assumptions, and species characteristics together in an ecologically relevant context. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1545-1555. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Brain
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pernille Thorbek
- Syngenta, Environmental Safety, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | | | - Valery Forbes
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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50
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Ding S, Chu W, Bond T, Wang Q, Gao N, Xu B, Du E. Formation and estimated toxicity of trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles, and haloacetamides from the chlor(am)ination of acetaminophen. J Hazard Mater 2018; 341:112-119. [PMID: 28772250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in natural waters, which act as drinking water sources, raises concerns. Moreover, those compounds incompletely removed by treatment have the chance to form toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during subsequent disinfection. In this study, acetaminophen (Apap), commonly used to treat pain and fever, was selected as a model PPCP. The formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous DBPs, namely trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles, and haloacetamides, during chlor(am)ination of Apap was investigated. Yields of chloroform (CF), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), dicholoacetamide (DCAcAm), and tricholoacetamide (TCAcAm), during chlorination were all higher than from chloramination. The yields of CF continuously increased over 48h during both chlorination and chloramination. During chlorination, as the chlorine/Apap molar ratios increased from 1 to 20, CF yields increased from 0.33±0.02% to 2.52±0.15%, while the yields of DCAN, DCAcAm and TCAcAm all increased then decreased. In contrast, during chloramination, increased chloramine doses enhanced the formation of all DBPs. Acidic conditions favored nitrogenous DBP formation, regardless of chlorination or chloramination, whereas alkaline conditions enhanced CF formation. Two proposed formation mechanisms are presented. The analysed DBPs formed during chlorination were 2 orders of magnitude more genotoxic and cytotoxicity than those from chloramination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Tom Bond
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, 325035, China
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Erdeng Du
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu province, 213164, China
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