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Qian J, Li Y, Zhang X, Chen D, Han M, Xu T, Chen B, Hu G, Li J. Herbacetin Broadly Blocks the Activities of CYP450s by Different Inhibitory Mechanisms. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:507-517. [PMID: 34116570 DOI: 10.1055/a-1502-7131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbacetin is a bioactive flavanol compound that has various pharmacological effects. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics have not been thoroughly investigated. Previously, we screened a natural compound library and identified herbacetin as a potent CYP blocker. Herein, we aimed to mechanistically determine the inhibitory effects of herbacetin on CYP450 and its potential application. A human liver microsome incubation system was developed based on a UPLC-MS/MS method. Moreover, an in silico docking assay and a human CYP recombinase reaction system were developed and used to investigate binding affinity and inhibitory efficacy. Subsequently, the effects of the combination of herbacetin and sorafenib on HepG2 cells were assessed by MTT and immunoblotting assays. The concentration of sorafenib and its main metabolite were measured by UPLC-MS/MS after incubation with or without herbacetin. As a result, we found herbacetin almost completely inhibited the functions of major CYPs at 100 µM. Moreover, through analysis of the structure-activity relationship, we found 4-, 6-, and 8-hydroxyl were essential groups for the inhibitory effects. Herbacetin inhibited CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP2E1 in a mixed manner, but non-competitively blocked CYP2D6. These results are in good agreement with the recombinase reaction in vitro results, with an IC50 < 10 µM for each tested isoenzyme. Interestingly, the stimulatory effects of sorafenib on HepG2 cell apoptosis were significantly enhanced by combining with herbacetin, which was associated with increased sorafenib exposure. In summary, herbacetin is a potent inhibitor of a wide spectrum of CYP450s, which may enhance the exposure of drugs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- The Seventh People's Hospital of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daoxing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingming Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingbing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoxin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junwei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wei X, Zhao Z, Zhong R, Tan X. A comprehensive review of herbacetin: From chemistry to pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114356. [PMID: 34166735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herbacetin is an active constituent of traditional Chinese medicines such as Ephedra sinica Stapf (MaHuang) and Sedum roseum (L.). Scop. (Hong JingTian). MaHuang was used to treat cough, asthma, fever, and edema for more than 5000 years, while Hong JingTian was used to treat depression, fatigue, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies indicate that herbacetin and its glycosides play a critical role in the pharmacological activities of these herbs. However, currently, no comprehensive review on herbacetin has been published yet. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aimed to summarize information on the chemistry, natural sources, and pharmacokinetic features of herbacetin, with an emphasis on its pharmacological activities and possible mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed on the Web of Science, PubMed, and China Knowledge Resource Integrated databases (CNKI) using the search term "herbacetin" ("all fields") from 1935 to 2020. Information was also obtained from classic books of Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese pharmacopeia, and the database "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org). Studies have been analyzed and summarized in this review if they dealt with chemistry, taxonomy, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacological activity. RESULTS Herbacetin is distributed in various plants and can be extracted or synthesized. It showed diverse pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase. It is thought to have great potential in cancer treatment, especially colon and skin cancers. However, the bioavailability of herbacetin is low and the toxicity of herbacetin has not been studied. Thus, more studies are required to solve these problems. CONCLUSIONS Herbacetin shows promising pharmacological activities against multiple diseases. Future research should focus on improving bioavailability, further studying its pharmacological mechanism, evaluating its toxicity and optimal dose, and performing the clinical assessment. We hope that the present review will serve as a guideline for future research on herbacetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation, Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhejun Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Rongheng Zhong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaomei Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation, Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Wang J, Su B, Jiang H, Cui N, Yu Z, Yang Y, Sun Y. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genus Cinnamomum (Lauraceae): A review. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104675. [PMID: 32561421 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Species of Cinnamomum exhibit excellent economic and medicinal value, and have found use in traditional medicine, are consumed as a spice, as well as being cultivated as landscape plants. Investigations into the pharmacological activities of the genus Cinnamomum revealed that it manifested a wide range of pharmacological properties including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, antitumor, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity, immunoregulation, insecticidal and acaricidal, cardiovascular protective, cytoprotective, as well as neuroprotective properties both in vivo and in vitro. In the past five years, approximately 306 chemical constituents have been separated and identified from the genus Cinnamomum, covering 111 terpenes, 44 phenylpropanoids, 51 lignans, 17 flavonoids, 53 aromatic compounds, 17 aliphatic compounds, four coumarins, two steroids. This article highlights the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the few studied taxa of Cinnamomum through searching for the pieces of literature both at home and abroad, which would provide a reference for the pharmaceutical research and clinical application of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Benzheng Su
- Shandong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Haiqiang Jiang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong, China.
| | - Ning Cui
- Shandong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Zongyuan Yu
- Shandong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong, China
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Péter Zomborszki Z, Kúsz N, Csupor D, Peschel W. Rhodiosin and herbacetin in Rhodiola rosea preparations: additional markers for quality control? PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 57:295-305. [PMID: 31356124 PMCID: PMC6711108 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1577460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Context:Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) is well-known to contain flavonoids such as the herbacetin derivative rhodiosin. However, flavonoids are not typically used in quality control. Objective: This study analyses two flavonoids of R. rosea rhizomes and roots for their potential as analytical markers. Materials and methods: Two constituents were isolated from ethanolic extracts via HPLC, identified via NMR and quantified via RP-HPLC. Presence and content variation was investigated according to extraction (solvent and repetitions), drying (temperature and duration) and sample origin (homogenously cultivated plants of different provenance, commercial samples). Results: Rhodiosin was identified as a main flavonoid, accompanied by 10-fold lower concentrated herbacetin. Both compounds were best extracted with 70–90% ethanol, but were also detectable in more aqueous extracts. Different drying conditions had no effect on the flavonoid content. These two flavonoids were consistently identified in rhizome and root extracts of over 100 R. rosea samples. Rhizomes tend to contain less flavonoids, with average ratios of rosavins to flavonoids of 1.4 (rhizomes) and 0.4 (roots). Provenance differences were detected in the range (rhodiosin plus herbacetin) of 760–6300 µg/mL extract corresponding to a maximum of approximately 0.5–4.2% (w/w) in the dry drug. Conclusions: For the first time, two main flavonoids present in R. rosea were quantified systematically. Rhodiosin and herbacetin can be detected simultaneously to phenylpropenoids or salidroside in authentic samples, influenced by the plant part examined and the plant origin. Rhodiosin and herbacetin may serve as additional marker to guarantee a consistent content of R. rosea products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Péter Zomborszki
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary.,b Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Norbert Kúsz
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary.,b Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary.,b Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
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Kumar S, Kumari R, Mishra S. Pharmacological properties and their medicinal uses of Cinnamomum: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1735-1761. [PMID: 31646653 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cinnamomum (Family Lauraceae) is traditionally used for flavouring food and in pharmaceutical preparations against various ailments. Detailed literature on the ethnobotanical and pharmacological properties of Cinnamomum is segregated and not present in well-documented form. In the present review, we have been trying to gather its detailed medicinal as well as pharmacological properties. The ethnobotanical and pharmacological properties of Cinnamomum were collected by searching several scientific databases, that is PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus. KEY FINDINGS The plant extracts have been reported to possess astringent, warming stimulant, carminative, blood purifier, digestive, antiseptic, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and also help to reduce cholesterol and blood sugar levels. A wide range of phytochemical compounds including aldehydes, acetate, alcohol, terpinenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, phenols, saponins, tannins, carboxylic acid, hydrocarbons, camphene, spathulenol, fatty acids, actinodaphnine, butanolides, lignans, steroids, propenoids and kaempferol glycosides are found in various parts of plant. SUMMARY This review provides detailed information about history, traditional uses, phytochemistry and clinical impacts of cinnamon as a spice and medicine. So we recommend further study on the clinical, medicinal, purification and identification of the most effective antibacterial activity of cinnamon to cure various infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Botany, Govt. P. G. College, Bageshwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Reshma Kumari
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, India
| | - Shailja Mishra
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, India
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Liu X, Yang J, Fu J, Xie TG, Jiang PC, Jiang ZH, Zhu GY. Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic studies on the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia (Lauraceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen S, Zheng T, Ye C, Huannixi W, Yakefu Z, Meng Y, Peng X, Tian Z, Wang J, Ma Y, Yang Y, Ma Z, Zuo Z. Algicidal properties of extracts from Cinnamomum camphora fresh leaves and their main compounds. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:594-603. [PMID: 30077157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant allelochemicals are considered as the source of effective, economic and friendly-environmental algaecides. To uncover the anti-algal activities of Cinnamomum camphora fresh leaves and their main algicidal agents, we investigated the inhibitory effects of water and methanol extracts from C. camphora fresh leaves on Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell growth, analyzed the composition of the water and methanol extracts, and determined the main compounds in extracts on the growth of the two algae and their anti-algal mechanism from photosynthetic abilities. Water and methanol extracts from C. camphora fresh leaves can inhibit M. aeruginosa and C. reinhardtii cell growth, and methanol extracts showed stronger inhibitory effects, due to their more compounds and higher molar concentration. There were 23 compounds in the water extracts, mainly including terpenoids, esters, alcohols, and ketones. Compared to the water extracts, 9 new compounds were detected in the methanol extracts, and the molar concentration of total compounds in methanol extracts increased by 1.3 folds. Camphor, α-terpineol and linalool were 3 main compounds in the water and methanol extracts. Their mixture (1: 3: 6) and individual compound showed remarkable inhibition on M. aeruginosa and C. reinhardtii cell growth. The degradation of photosynthetic pigments and the reduction of maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, coefficient of photochemical quenching as well as apparent electron transport rate in C. reinhardtii cells aggravated gradually with increasing the concentration of the mixture and individual compound, while the non-photochemical dissipation of absorbed light energy increased gradually, which led to the decline of photosynthetic abilities. This indicated that camphor, α-terpineol and linalool were 3 main algicidal agents in C. camphora fresh leaf extracts, and they inhibited algal growth by inducing photosynthetic pigment degradation and declining PSII efficiency. Therefore, C. camphora fresh leaf extracts and their main components have potential utilization values as algaecides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silan Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tiefeng Zheng
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chaolin Ye
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wulan Huannixi
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zumulati Yakefu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yiyu Meng
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xin Peng
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhengfeng Tian
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Junhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yuandan Ma
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Youyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhongqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Yakefu Z, Huannixi W, Ye C, Zheng T, Chen S, Peng X, Tian Z, Wang J, Yang Y, Ma Z, Zuo Z. Inhibitory effects of extracts from Cinnamomum camphora fallen leaves on algae. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:2545-2554. [PMID: 29944120 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural allelochemicals are considered as a source of algaecides. To uncover the anti-algal activity of Cinnamomum camphora fallen leaves and promote their usage as algaecides, the composition of their water and methanol extracts was analyzed, and the inhibitory effects of extracts on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and chlorophyll (Chl) content and photosynthetic abilities in C. reinhardtii were investigated. Twenty-five compounds were detected in the water extracts, mainly including terpenoids, esters, alcohols, and ketones. Compared to water extracts, there were more compounds and higher concentration in methanol extracts. Both water and methanol extracts inhibited the growth of the two algae, and 15 mg·ml-1 methanol extracts killed the algal cells after 48 h. The levels of Chl a and Chl b, as well as maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm) in C. reinhardtii cells reduced gradually with increasing the concentration of extracts, while the maximum quantum yield of non-photochemical de-excitation (φDO) increased gradually. At the same concentration, methanol extracts showed stronger inhibitory effects than water extracts, due to their higher number of compounds and higher concentration. Therefore, C. camphora fallen leaves have a potential value as an algaecide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumulati Yakefu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China E-mail:
| | - Wulan Huannixi
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China E-mail:
| | - Chaolin Ye
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China E-mail:
| | - Tiefeng Zheng
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China E-mail:
| | - Silan Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China E-mail:
| | - Xin Peng
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China E-mail:
| | - Zhengfeng Tian
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China E-mail:
| | - Junhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Youyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhongqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China E-mail:
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Reveglia P, Savocchia S, Billones-Baaijens R, Cimmino A, Evidente A. Isolation of Phytotoxic Phenols and Characterization of a New 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-isopropoxyphenol from Dothiorella vidmadera, a Causal Agent of Grapevine Trunk Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1760-1764. [PMID: 29397696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols were characterized from Dothiorella vidmadera (DAR78993), which was isolated from a grapevine in Australia. In total, six polyphenols were isolated including a new polyphenol characterized by a spectroscopic method (essentially NMR and HR ESIMS) as 5-hydroxymethyl-2-isopropoxyphenol. Tyrosol, benzene-1,2,4-triol, resorcinol, 3-(hydroxymethyl)phenol, and protocatechuic alcohol, the latter being the main metabolite, were also isolated. Although these are already known as naturally occurring compounds in microorganisms and plants, this is the first time they have been isolated from fungal organisms involved in grapevine trunk disease. When assayed on tomato seedlings, all the compounds show similar phytotoxic effects. However, when assayed on grapevine leaves (Vitis vinifera cv Shiraz), resorcinol was the most toxic compound, followed by protocatechuic alcohol and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-isopropoxyphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Reveglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II , Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University , Locked Bag 588 Wagga, Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Sandra Savocchia
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University , Locked Bag 588 Wagga, Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Regina Billones-Baaijens
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University , Locked Bag 588 Wagga, Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II , Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II , Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Flavonoid rutinosides from Cinnamomum parthenoxylon leaves and their hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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