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Adetunji AI, Erasmus M. Green Synthesis of Bioplastics from Microalgae: A State-of-the-Art Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1322. [PMID: 38794516 PMCID: PMC11124873 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of conventional plastics has increased tremendously in the last decades due to rapid industrialization, population growth, and advancement in the use of modern technologies. However, overuse of these fossil fuel-based plastics has resulted in serious environmental and health hazards by causing pollution, global warming, etc. Therefore, the use of microalgae as a feedstock is a promising, green, and sustainable approach for the production of biobased plastics. Various biopolymers, such as polyhydroxybutyrate, polyurethane, polylactic acid, cellulose-based polymers, starch-based polymers, and protein-based polymers, can be produced from different strains of microalgae under varying culture conditions. Different techniques, including genetic engineering, metabolic engineering, the use of photobioreactors, response surface methodology, and artificial intelligence, are used to alter and improve microalgae stocks for the commercial synthesis of bioplastics at lower costs. In comparison to conventional plastics, these biobased plastics are biodegradable, biocompatible, recyclable, non-toxic, eco-friendly, and sustainable, with robust mechanical and thermoplastic properties. In addition, the bioplastics are suitable for a plethora of applications in the agriculture, construction, healthcare, electrical and electronics, and packaging industries. Thus, this review focuses on techniques for the production of biopolymers and bioplastics from microalgae. In addition, it discusses innovative and efficient strategies for large-scale bioplastic production while also providing insights into the life cycle assessment, end-of-life, and applications of bioplastics. Furthermore, some challenges affecting industrial scale bioplastics production and recommendations for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adegoke Isiaka Adetunji
- Centre for Mineral Biogeochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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2
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Gu S, Lan CQ. Mechanism of heavy metal ion biosorption by microalgal cells: A mathematic approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 463:132875. [PMID: 37918069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biomasses have been established as promising biosorbents for biosorption to remove heavy metal ions (HMIs) from wastewaters and contaminated natural waterbodies. Understanding the mechanism is important for the development of cost-effective processes for large scale applications. In this paper, a simple mathematical model was proposed for the predication of biosorption capacity of HMI by microalgal cells based on single cell mass, cell size, and HMI radius. One fundamental assumption based on which this model was developed, i.e., the biosorption of HMI by microalgal cells is predominantly monolayer bio-adsorption, was established based on kinetic, isothermal, FTIR, and Pb(II) distribution data generated in this study and in literature. The model was validated using a combination of experimental and literature data as well, demonstrating its capability to provide reasonable estimations although with discrepancies. The biosorption capacities of HMIs (mmol/g) by Chlorella vulgaris were experimentally determined to be in the following order: Pb(II)(0.360)> Zn(II)(0.325)> Cu(II)(0.254)> Ni(II)(0.249)> Cd(II)(0.235)> Co(II)(0.182). We systematically investigated the deviations of the predicted biosorption capacities in term of the effects of a few important parameters that were unaccounted for in the model, including the nanostructures on cell surface, HMI electronegativity, and biosorption buffer pH. Results suggest that the nanostructures on cell wall, likely the hairlike fibers, might be the primary locations where the binding sites for HMI were housed. Furthermore, isothermal data, which is suported by the predictions of this model, indicate the each effective binding site on C. vulgaris cell surface could bind to more than one Co(II) in biosorption while each of the other five HMIs tested in this study required more than one binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Christopher Q Lan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Canada.
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3
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Koochi ZH, Jahromi KG, Kavoosi G, Ramezanian A. Fortification of Chlorella vulgaris with citrus peel amino acid for improvement biomass and protein quality. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 39:e00806. [PMID: 37415835 PMCID: PMC10319642 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid extract (protein hydrolysate) from various citrus peels was employed as an organic nutrition source for the culture of Chlorella to investigate their effects on the biomass and protein quality of the microalgae. The major amino acids in citrus peels included proline, asparagine, aspartate, alanine, serine, and arginine. The most plentiful amino acids in the Chlorella were alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, serine, threonine, leucine, proline, lysine, and arginine. Adding the citrus peel amino acid extracts to the Chlorella medium enhanced overall microalgal biomass (more than two folds p < 0.05) and protein content (more than 1.25 fold, p < 0.05). Citrus peel amino acids increase essential amino acids and decrease the non-protein amino acid of Chlorella (p > 0.05). The present research shows that citrus peels have good nutritional quality and could be used for the inexpensive cultivation of Chlorella biomass with potential utility for food application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Heydari Koochi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Kavoosi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asghar Ramezanian
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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4
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Prandi B, Boukid F, Van De Walle S, Cutroneo S, Comaposada J, Van Royen G, Sforza S, Tedeschi T, Castellari M. Protein Quality and Protein Digestibility of Vegetable Creams Reformulated with Microalgae Inclusion. Foods 2023; 12:2395. [PMID: 37372606 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are considered a valuable source of proteins that are used to enhance the nutritional value of foods. In this study, a standard vegetable cream recipe was reformulated through the addition of single-cell ingredients from Arthrospira platensis (spirulina), Chlorella vulgaris, Tetraselmis chui, or Nannochloropsis oceanica at two levels of addition (1.5% and 3.0%). The impact of microalgae species and an addition level on the amino acid profile and protein in vitro digestibility of the vegetable creams was investigated. The addition of microalgae to vegetable creams improved the protein content and the amino acid nutritional profile of vegetable creams, whereas no significant differences were observed in protein digestibility, regardless of the species and level of addition, indicating a similar degree of protein digestibility in microalgae species despite differences in their protein content and amino acid profile. This study indicates that the incorporation of microalgae is a feasible strategy to increase the protein content and nutritional quality of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Prandi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Fatma Boukid
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA), Food Industry Area, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121 Girona, Spain
- ClonBio Group Ltd., 6 Fitzwilliam Pl, D02 XE61 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon Van De Walle
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Sara Cutroneo
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Josep Comaposada
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA), Food Industry Area, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121 Girona, Spain
| | - Geert Van Royen
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Stefano Sforza
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Tullia Tedeschi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Castellari
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA), Food Industry Area, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121 Girona, Spain
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Van De Walle S, Broucke K, Baune MC, Terjung N, Van Royen G, Boukid F. Microalgae protein digestibility: How to crack open the black box? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7149-7171. [PMID: 38975868 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2181754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are booming as a sustainable protein source for human nutrition and animal feed. Nevertheless, certain strains were reported to have robust cell walls limiting protein digestibility. There are several disruption approaches to break down the cell integrity and increase digestive enzyme accessibility. This review's intent is to discuss the digestibility of microalgae proteins in intact cells and after their disruption. In intact single cells, the extent of protein digestibility is chiefly related to cell wall structural properties (differing among strains) as well as digestion method and when added to food or feed protein digestibility changes depending on the matrix's composition. The degree of effectiveness of the disruption method varies among studies, and it is complicated to compare them due to variabilities in digestibility models, strains, disruption method/conditions and their consequent impact on the microalgae cell structure. More exhaustive studies are still required to fill knowledge gaps on the structure of microalgal cell walls and to find efficient and cost-effective disruption technologies to increase proteins availability without hindering their quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Van De Walle
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Keshia Broucke
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | | | - Nino Terjung
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Geert Van Royen
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
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Chemical Composition and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities of Fatty Acids Obtained from Heterotrophic Microalgae, S. limacinum and C. cohnii. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:369-385. [PMID: 36083430 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is the rate-limiting enzyme for melanin production in plant and mammalian cells. Upregulation of this enzyme results in hyperpigmentation disorders. In order to treat pigmentation problems, novel skin whitening compounds are extremely screened. It is found that fatty acids based on their saturation levels either increase or decrease tyrosinase enzyme activity. Thus, fatty acids and their compositions are promising candidates for the treatment of hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation disorders. Microalgae are rich in both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, as well. In this study, C. cohnii and S. limacinum fatty acids were evaluated as tyrosinase inhibitor candidates. Mushroom tyrosinase activity studies displayed that both extracts increase tyrosinase enzyme activity dose-dependently. On the other hand, S. limacinum at 200 µg ml-1 concentration almost decreased half of tyrosinase enzyme activity in B16-F10 cells. Besides, it was 3 times more efficient for tyrosinase enzyme activity inhibition and 2 times more effective to decrease melanin synthesis compared to C. cohnii. Considering low toxicity to B16-F10 melanoma and healthy keratinocyte cells (HaCaT), S. limacinum fatty acids could be a suitable source for lipid-based tyrosinase inhibitory functional cosmetics products.
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Zhao Y, Wang H, Tian N, Wang H, Yan H. Sulfate Modification and Evaluation of
in vitro
Anti‐HIV Activity of
Lycium Barbarum
Polysaccharides. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhao
- Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd Beijing 100176 P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd Beijing 100176 P. R. China
| | - Nana Tian
- Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd Beijing 100176 P. R. China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology Faculty of Environment and Life Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P. R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology Faculty of Environment and Life Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P. R. China
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Reis B, Ramos-Pinto L, Cunha SA, Pintado M, da Silva JL, Dias J, Conceição L, Matos E, Costas B. Chlorella vulgaris Extracts as Modulators of the Health Status and the Inflammatory Response of Gilthead Seabream Juveniles (Sparus aurata). Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070407. [PMID: 35877700 PMCID: PMC9323325 DOI: 10.3390/md20070407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of short-term supplementation, with 2% Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) biomass and two 0.1% C. vulgaris extracts, on the health status (experiment one) and on the inflammatory response (experiment two) of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). The trial comprised four isoproteic (50% crude protein) and isolipidic (17% crude fat) diets. A fishmeal-based (FM), practical diet was used as a control (CTR), whereas three experimental diets based on CTR were further supplemented with a 2% inclusion of C. vulgaris biomass (Diet D1); 0.1% inclusion of C. vulgaris peptide-enriched extract (Diet D2) and finally a 0.1% inclusion of C. vulgaris insoluble fraction (Diet D3). Diets were randomly assigned to quadruplicate groups of 97 fish/tank (IBW: 33.4 ± 4.1 g), fed to satiation three times a day in a recirculation seawater system. In experiment one, seabream juveniles were fed for 2 weeks and sampled for tissues at 1 week and at the end of the feeding period. Afterwards, randomly selected fish from each group were subjected to an inflammatory insult (experiment two) by intraperitoneal injection of inactivated gram-negative bacteria, following 24 and 48 h fish were sampled for tissues. Blood was withdrawn for haematological procedures, whereas plasma and gut tissue were sampled for immune and oxidative stress parameters. The anterior gut was also collected for gene expression measurements. After 1 and 2 weeks of feeding, fish fed D2 showed higher circulating neutrophils than seabream fed CTR. In contrast, dietary treatments induced mild effects on the innate immune and antioxidant functions of gilthead seabream juveniles fed for 2 weeks. In the inflammatory response following the inflammatory insult, mild effects could be attributed to C. vulgaris supplementation either in biomass form or extract. However, the C. vulgaris soluble peptide-enriched extract seems to confer a protective, anti-stress effect in the gut at the molecular level, which should be further explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Reis
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
- SPAROS Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olhão, Portugal; (J.D.); (L.C.)
- Sorgal S.A., EN 109-Lugar da Pardala, 3880-728 São João de Ovar, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (B.C.); Tel.: +351-223-401-840 (B.R.); +351-223-401-838 (B.C.)
| | - Lourenço Ramos-Pinto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
| | - Sara A. Cunha
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Joana Laranjeira da Silva
- Allmicroalgae, Natural Products SA, Industrial Microalgae Production, Apartado 9, 2449-909 Pataias, Portugal;
| | - Jorge Dias
- SPAROS Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olhão, Portugal; (J.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Luís Conceição
- SPAROS Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olhão, Portugal; (J.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Elisabete Matos
- Sorgal S.A., EN 109-Lugar da Pardala, 3880-728 São João de Ovar, Portugal
- B2E Associação para a Bioeconomia Azul—Laboratório Colaborativo, Av. Liberdade, UPTEC Mar, 4450-718 Leça da Palmeira, Portugal;
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (B.C.); Tel.: +351-223-401-840 (B.R.); +351-223-401-838 (B.C.)
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Kose A, Oncel SS. Design of melanogenesis regulatory peptides derived from phycocyanin of the microalgae Spirulina platensis. Peptides 2022; 152:170783. [PMID: 35278583 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pigmentation issues are common conditions associated with excessive or insufficient production of melanin. Recently peptides are investigated to discover novel melanogenesis regulators as low molecular weight compounds to regulate skin pigmentation. In this study, an internal library of peptides obtained through in silico enzymatic digestion of phycocyanin from microalgae S. platensis was tested to apprehend their anti-melanogenic effects. Seven peptides were investigated for their inhibitory potential against mushroom and B16-F10 murine tyrosinase enzymes. According to the results, P5 (SPSWY) and P7 (AADQRGKDKCARDIGY) were effective in lowering the activity of mushroom and B16-F10 tyrosinases. P5 was the most potent (IC50 value, 12.1 µM) in mushroom which was followed by P2 (MAACLR, 86.9 µM). Although the peptides were particularly powerful in inhibiting monophenolase activity, only moderate inhibition was observed for diphenolase activity in mushroom tyrosinase assay. Apart from tyrosinase inhibition, P2 and P3 (RCLNGRL) were efficient DPPH radical scavengers at low concentrations (IC50 < 200 µM). In the mammalian assay system, P5 and P7 were noticeably effective to decrease tyrosinase enzyme activity with IC50 values of 48.9 and 34.2 µM, respectively. However, although P4 (RYVTYAVF) was a potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor, it increased melanin synthesis up to 3-fold in B16-F10 cells. The results indicate that C-terminal tyrosine residue is important for tyrosinase inhibition. This study shows, for the first time, that microalgae proteins can be regarded as sources for melanogenesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Kose
- Ege University Faculty of Engineering Department of Bioengineering, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suphi S Oncel
- Ege University Faculty of Engineering Department of Bioengineering, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Recovery of soluble proteins from Chlorella vulgaris by bead-milling and microfiltration: Impact of the concentration and the physicochemical conditions during the cell disruption on the whole process. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Madadi R, Maljaee H, Serafim LS, Ventura SPM. Microalgae as Contributors to Produce Biopolymers. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080466. [PMID: 34436305 PMCID: PMC8398342 DOI: 10.3390/md19080466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers are very favorable materials produced by living organisms, with interesting properties such as biodegradability, renewability, and biocompatibility. Biopolymers have been recently considered to compete with fossil-based polymeric materials, which rase several environmental concerns. Biobased plastics are receiving growing interest for many applications including electronics, medical devices, food packaging, and energy. Biopolymers can be produced from biological sources such as plants, animals, agricultural wastes, and microbes. Studies suggest that microalgae and cyanobacteria are two of the promising sources of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), cellulose, carbohydrates (particularly starch), and proteins, as the major components of microalgae (and of certain cyanobacteria) for producing bioplastics. This review aims to summarize the potential of microalgal PHAs, polysaccharides, and proteins for bioplastic production. The findings of this review give insight into current knowledge and future direction in microalgal-based bioplastic production considering a circular economy approach. The current review is divided into three main topics, namely (i) the analysis of the main types and properties of bioplastic monomers, blends, and composites; (ii) the cultivation process to optimize the microalgae growth and accumulation of important biobased compounds to produce bioplastics; and (iii) a critical analysis of the future perspectives on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Madadi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran;
| | - Hamid Maljaee
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (H.M.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Luísa S. Serafim
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (H.M.); (L.S.S.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia P. M. Ventura
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (H.M.); (L.S.S.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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12
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From biorefinery of microalgal biomass to vacuum impregnation of fruit. A multidisciplinary strategy to develop innovative food with increased nutritional properties. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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13
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A Systemic Review on Microalgal Peptides: Bioprocess and Sustainable Applications. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, microalgal research is predominantly centered on an industrial scale. In general, multipotent bioactive peptides are the advantages over focal points over utilitarian nourishment as well as nutraceuticals. Microalgal peptides are now profoundly connected with biological properties rather than nutritive. Numerous techniques are employed to purify active peptides from algal protein using enzymatic hydrolysis; it is broadly used for numerous favorable circumstances. There is a chance to utilize microalgal peptides for human well-being as nutritive enhancements. This exhaustive survey details the utilization of microalgal peptides as antioxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-hypersensitive, anti-atherosclerotic, and nutritional functional foods. It is also exploring the novel technologies for the production of active peptides, for instance, the use of algal peptides as food for human health discovered restrictions, where peptides are sensitive to hydrolysis protease degradation. This review emphasizes the issue of active peptides in gastrointestinal transit, which has to be solved in the future, and prompt impacts.
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Xu R, Tang C, Liu M. A novel nitrified aerobic granular sludge biosorbent for Pb(II) removal: behaviors and mechanisms. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1656641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongming Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China JiaoTong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Chaochun Tang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China JiaoTong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China JiaoTong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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15
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Amorim ML, Soares J, Coimbra JSDR, Leite MDO, Albino LFT, Martins MA. Microalgae proteins: production, separation, isolation, quantification, and application in food and feed. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1976-2002. [PMID: 32462889 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1768046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many countries have been experienced an increase in protein consumption due to the population growth and adoption of protein-rich dietaries. Unfortunately, conventional-based protein agroindustry is associated with environmental impacts that might aggravate as the humankind increase. Thus, it is important to screen for novel protein sources that are environmentally friendly. Microalgae farming is a promising alternative to couple the anthropic emissions with the production of food and feed. Some microalgae show protein contents two times higher than conventional protein sources. The use of whole microalgae biomass as a protein source in food and feed is simple and well-established. Conversely, the production of microalgae protein supplements and isolates requires the development of feasible and robust processes able to fractionate the microalgae biomass in different value-added products. Since most of the proteins are inside the microalgae cells, several techniques of disruption have been proposed to increase the efficiency to extract them. After the disruption of the microalgae cells, the proteins can be extracted, concentrated, isolated or purified allowing the development of different products. This critical review addresses the current state of the production of microalgae proteins for multifarious applications, and possibilities to concatenate the production of proteins and advanced biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Lopes Amorim
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Jimmy Soares
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcio Arêdes Martins
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Cetmi SD, Renkler NZ, Kose A, Celik C, Oncel SS. Preparation of electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber mats loaded with microalgal extracts. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:691-699. [PMID: 32624962 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable, ecological, and biocompatible materials are emerging for the development of novel components for tissue engineering. Microalgae being one of the unique organisms on Earth to provide various novel compounds with certain bioactivities are also a good source for the development of novel tissue scaffold materials. In this study, electrospinning technique was utilized to fabricate nanofibers from polycaprolactone loaded with microalgal extracts obtained from Haematococcus pluvialis (vegetative and carotenoid producing form) and Chlorella vulgaris. The FTIR results showed that, blending microalgae with polycaprolactone give unique bands rooted from microalgae and polycaprolactone structure. The samples were not diversified from each other, however stable bands were observed. SEM analysis revealed a uniform fiber fabrication with an average diameter of 810 ± 55 nm independent from microalgal extracts. MTT assay was done on HUVEC cell lines and results showed that nanofiber mats helped cell proliferation with extended time. Biodegradation resulted with mineral accumulation on the surface of same samples however the fiber degradation was uniform. With slow but stable biodegradation characteristics, microalgal extract loaded nanofiber mats holds great potential to be novel tissue scaffold material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serife Dilara Cetmi
- Department of Bioengineering Faculty of Engineering, Ege University Bornova Izmir Turkey
| | - Nergis Zeynep Renkler
- Department of Bioengineering Faculty of Engineering, Ege University Bornova Izmir Turkey
| | - Ayse Kose
- Department of Bioengineering Faculty of Engineering, Ege University Bornova Izmir Turkey
| | - Cenk Celik
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Suphi S Oncel
- Department of Bioengineering Faculty of Engineering, Ege University Bornova Izmir Turkey
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17
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Tejano LA, Peralta JP, Yap EES, Chang Y. Bioactivities of enzymatic protein hydrolysates derived from Chlorella sorokiniana. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2381-2390. [PMID: 31367367 PMCID: PMC6657813 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorella sorokiniana protein isolates were enzymatically hydrolyzed using pepsin, bromelain, and thermolysin, with their molecular characteristics and bioactivities determined. Thermolysin hydrolysates exhibited the highest degree of hydrolysis (18.08% ± 1.13%). The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results showed that peptides with molecular weights <10 kDa were found in the hydrolysates compared to the protein isolates. Bioactivity assays revealed that pepsin peptide fraction <5 kDa showed the highest angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory (34.29% ± 3.45%) and DPPH radical scavenging activities (48.86% ± 1.95%), while pepsin peptide fraction <10 kDa demonstrated the highest reducing power with 0.2101% ± 0.02% absorbance. Moreover, antibacterial assessment revealed that pepsin hydrolysate and peptide fractions displayed inhibition to the test microorganisms. Overall, the present findings suggest that C. sorokiniana protein hydrolysates can be valuable bio-ingredients with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lhumen A. Tejano
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Institute of Fish Processing TechnologyUniversity of the PhilippinesVisayasMiagaoIloiloPhilippines
| | - Jose P. Peralta
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Institute of Fish Processing TechnologyUniversity of the PhilippinesVisayasMiagaoIloiloPhilippines
| | - Encarnacion Emilia S. Yap
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Institute of Fish Processing TechnologyUniversity of the PhilippinesVisayasMiagaoIloiloPhilippines
| | - Yu‐Wei Chang
- Department of Food ScienceNational Taiwan Ocean UniversityKeelungTaiwan
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18
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A systematic evaluation of various methods for quantifying food protein hydrolysate peptides. Food Chem 2019; 270:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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20
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Cea-Barcia G, Pérez J, Buitrón G. Co-digestion of microalga-bacteria biomass with papaya waste for methane production. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:125-131. [PMID: 30101795 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic co-digestion of microalga-bacteria biomass and papaya waste (MAB/PW) was evaluated under semi-continuous conditions. Microalgae-bacteria biomass was obtained from a high rate algal pond fed with municipal wastewater and artificially illuminated. The co-digestion of MAB/PW was evaluated using a 1:1 (w/w) ratio and an organic loading rate of 1.1 ± 0.1 g COD/L/d. Enzymatic activity assays of papain were performed in the feeding to determine the activity of this enzyme in the substrate mixture. A methane yield of 0.55 L CH4/gVS and 68% of total volatile solid removal were observed. The volumetric productivity was 0.30 ± 0.03 L CH4/L/d with a methane content of 71%. It was observed that papaya waste was a suitable co-substrate because it maintained a low ammonium concentration, decreasing the risk of inhibition due to ammonia and then increasing the methane yield of the microalgae-bacteria biomass compared to the biomass alone. The pretreatment effect by the addition of papaya waste on the microalgae-bacteria biomass was supported by the papain activity remaining in the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Cea-Barcia
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Academic Unit Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, México E-mail:
| | - Jaime Pérez
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Academic Unit Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, México E-mail:
| | - Germán Buitrón
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Academic Unit Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, México E-mail:
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21
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Kose A, Ozen MO, Elibol M, Oncel SS. Investigation of in vitro digestibility of dietary microalga Chlorella vulgaris and cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis as a nutritional supplement. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:170. [PMID: 28660455 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal proteins are promising sources for functional nutrition and a sustainable candidate for nutraceutical formulations. They also gain importance due to emerging focus on a healthy nutrition and increase in the number of chronic diseases. In this study, dried dietary species of microalga, Chlorella vulgaris, and cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis were hydrolyzed with pancreatin enzyme to obtain protein hydrolysates. The hydrolysis yield of biomass was 55.1 ± 0.1 and 64.8 ± 3.6% for C. vulgaris and S. platensis; respectively. Digestibility, as an indicator for dietary utilization, was also investigated. In vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) values depicted that cell wall structure due to the taxonomical differences affected both hydrolysis and digestibility yield of the crude biomass (p < 0.05). Epithelial cells (Vero) maintained their viability around 70%, even in relatively higher concentrations of hydrolysates in the culture. The protein hydrolysates showed no any antimicrobial activities. This study clearly shows that the conventional protein sources in nutraceutical formulations such as soy, whey, and fish proteins can be replaced by enzymatic hydrolysates of microalgae, which shows elevated digestibility values as a sustainable and reliable source.
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22
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Prospects of microalgae proteins in producing peptide-based functional foods for promoting cardiovascular health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhang Q, Song Q, Li J, Zou M, Zhang C, Zhang Q. Alteration of the Enantioselective Toxicity of Diclofop Acid by Nonylphenol: Effect on Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Microcystis Aeruginosa. Chirality 2016; 28:475-81. [PMID: 27103507 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective effects of chiral compounds have been the subject of extensive studies in recent years due to their important implications for contaminant behavior and risk as well as the design of drug and pesticide formulations. The potential alterations of enantioselectivity, however, still remain elusive from the available data suggesting the effects of numerous environmental factors and the coexisting achiral and chiral compounds. Herein we studied the effect of nonylphenol (NP), a ubiquitous contaminant and ingredient in pesticide formulation, on the enantioselectivity of diclofop acid (DC) through ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle in Microcystis aeruginosa. The enantioselectivity of DC in the AsA and GSH antioxidant defense system of M. aeruginosa was affected significantly by the addition of NP. Specifically, although R- DC and S-DC were added with an equal toxic concentration (at their EC50 values), NP addition to the DC treatments altered the enantiomeric ratios of the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR), key enzymes in the regeneration of AsA and GSH, respectively. NP also modified the enantiomeric ratios of AsA and GSH levels in both the AsA and GSH antioxidant defense systems of M. aeruginosa. Overall, the oxidative damage induced by R-DC was further deteriorated, whereas that induced by S-DC was alleviated after NP addition. These altered enantioselectivities indicate a need to reexamine the risks and biological effects of chiral compounds in the complex environmental matrices containing a multitude of other chemicals, including commercial chiral agricultural chemicals. Chirality 28:475-481, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China.,College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Song
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- Department of Resources and Environment, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zou
- Department of Resources and Environment, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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