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Yang J, Liu J, Ma K, Bai H, Ran M, Tian G, Yang S, Fu X. Analysis of anatomic location of burns inpatients in China from 2009 to 2018. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1799. [PMID: 38970003 PMCID: PMC11227170 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burns cause serious physical and psychological harm to patients, placing a heavy burden on the global healthcare system. Our previous study detailed the epidemiological characteristics of burn injuries in Chinese inpatients from 2009 to 2018. Interestingly, the anatomic locations of burn injuries vary by gender, age, provinces, and outcomes among different causes. Therefore, this current study aims to analyze the characteristics of burn injuries in inpatients with various burn sites by collecting data in China from 2009 to 2018. This analysis will inform future healthcare system decisions and provide effective strategies. METHODS Burns inpatients from 196 hospitals across 31 provinces in China were included in the study, covering the period from 2009 to 2018. The data collected encompassed information on gender, age, etiology, regions, clinical outcomes, and anatomical locations of the injuries. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel 2007. RESULTS From 2009 to 2018, a total of 333,995 burns inpatients were recorded. The most vulnerable parts to burns were multiple burn sites (230,090, 68.89%). Women were more susceptible to lower limb burns (15,608, 14%), while men were more prone to eye injuries (8,387, 3.37%) and hand burns (6,119, 2.75%). The age group of 0-10 years was the most vulnerable to burns across all body areas, including internal organs. In China, individuals aged 20-50 years were at a higher risk of head and neck burns compared to other age groups. The Han population showed increased vulnerability to eye injuries (2.12 times higher than minorities), respiratory tract issues (2.09 times higher than minorities), and trunk burns (1.83 times higher than minorities), while being less susceptible to internal organ injuries (0.23 times fewer than minorities) and lower limb burns (0.78 times fewer than minorities). The southwest region had the highest proportion of burns inpatients with burns affecting single body parts, whereas the eastern area had the highest rates of respiratory tract burns (0.85%) and multiple burn sites (80.64%). Scalding was identified as the most common cause of burns, while flame burns (769, 55.81%) and chemical burns (438, 47.35%) were the main causes of respiratory tract and internal organ injuries, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an initial description of characteristics of burns inpatients with various anatomic locations of burns in China over the past decade. Our findings will contribute to the most up-to-date clinical evidence database for healthcare planning and prevention initiatives in both China and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Institution of Hospital Management, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, PR China
| | - Kui Ma
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Huajuan Bai
- Institution of Hospital Management, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, PR China
| | - Mingzi Ran
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Guanglei Tian
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Siming Yang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, PR China.
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, PR China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, PR China.
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Chen K, Liu J, Wang X, Chu P, Feng G, Zeng Y, Xu X, Guo Y, Ni X. Epidemiological characteristics of paediatric burn patients in China from 2016 to 2019: a retrospective study. BMJ Paediatr Open 2023; 7:10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001796. [PMID: 37156562 PMCID: PMC10174007 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological characteristics of paediatric burn can help to protect children from burn injuries. Most of the previous studies have been conducted on small scale and single centre in China. This study analysed the epidemiological characteristics of paediatric burn using a large-scale and multicentre database from 23 children's hospitals in China to increase child protection against burn injuries, improve the quality of care and reduce hospitalisation costs. METHODS Excerpted information from medical records of 6741 paediatric burn cases was extracted from the Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development database from 2016 to 2019. The epidemiological characteristics of patients, including gender, age, cause of burn injuries, complication, the timing of hospitalisation (season and month) and hospitalisation length and cost, were collected. RESULTS Male gender (63.23%), aged 1-2 years (69.95%), and hydrothermal scald (80.57%) were significantly dominant among cases. Furthermore, complications were significantly different among groups with different age of patients. Pneumonia was the most common complication (21%). Meanwhile, most paediatric burn occurred in spring (26.73%), and hospitalisation length and cost significantly depended on the cause of the burn injuries and surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS This large-scale epidemiological study of paediatric burn in China revealed that boys aged 1-2 years with higher activity and lack of self-awareness are more likely to suffer from burn injuries by hydrothermal scald. In addition, complications, especially pneumonia, need attention and early prevention in paediatric burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Big Data Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Disaeases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoshuang Feng
- Big Data Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Zeng
- Medical Record Management Office, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Infromation Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Disaeases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Disaeases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children' s Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Use of Symptom Checklist 90 for exploring psychological factors among the parents of children hospitalized for burn injuries in Shanghai: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21039. [PMID: 36470919 PMCID: PMC9722659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To better improve the conditions for the recovery of children with burn injuries, timely understanding of the psychological status of parents is important. A cross-sectional survey on it using convenience sampling was conducted at two hospitals. Besides basic information, the Symptom Checklist 90, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Social Support Rate Scale, and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire were used, and the key factors were identified via multivariate linear regression analysis and path analysis. A total of 196 guardians were recruited, 180 valid and completed questionnaires were obtained, including 58 men (32.2%) and 122 women (67.8%), and their average age was 30.3 years (standard deviation = 7.6). Of these, 151 participants (83.9%) were parents. Multivariate analysis revealed that children's age, parent gender, P score, negative coping style, and religion were the main factors that affected parents' psychology. Moreover, path analysis showed that P score, children's age, and negative coping style had the greatest impact on the total average score. These results suggest that during hospitalization, the following three factors should be focused on: older children, higher parental psychoticism, and increased negative coping style.
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Obed D, Schroeter A, Gruber L, Bucher F, Salim M, Bingoel AS, Krezdorn N, Dastagir K, Vogt PM. Epidemiology and outcome analysis of 1359 intensive care burn patients: A 13-year retrospective study in a major burn center in Germany. Burns 2022:S0305-4179(22)00236-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Han D, Wei Y, Li Y, Zha X, Li R, Xia C, Li Y, Yang H, Xie J, Tian S. Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 5,569 Pediatric Burns in Central China From 2013 to 2019. Front Public Health 2022; 10:751615. [PMID: 35425744 PMCID: PMC9001893 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.751615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatric burns of all the ages are prevalent worldwide, posing a severe health risk to children. This study aims to examine pediatric burns' clinical characteristics and epidemiology in central China. Methods The pediatric patients of the Burn Research Center, Department of the First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City from 2013 to 2019 were retrospectively studied and the relevant data were collected from the hospitalized medical records [e.g., demographic, etiology, length of stay (LOS), age, gender, burn area and depth, number of surgeries, cost, and outcome]. Results A total of 5,569 pediatric burn patients were included, accounting for 43.9% of the total burn population. Electric burns represented a relatively small proportion (1.17%) but were more likely to lead to disabilities or death than scalds (90.63%) and flames (5.12%). The median age was 2 years [interquartile range (IQR): 1–4] and the boys/girls ratio ranged from 1.3:1 to 1.6:1. The most commonly burnt anatomic sites were the limbs (38.3%), with a median %TBSA (total body surface area) of 6 (IQR: 4–10). The complications of shock and pneumonia accounted for 7.6 and 19.2%, respectively. The peak months of pediatric burns included January, May, and August and the rural/urban ratio reached 1.61:1. The percentage of burn wounds treated surgically increased considerably from 2013 to 2019 (3.8 vs. 37.8%). The median hospital LOS was 15 days (IQR: 8–28 days), with the three high-risk factors (e.g., more surgeries, more %TBSA, full-thickness skin burns). The median cost of hospitalization was 1,511 USD (IQR: 848–2,648 USD) and the main risk factors consisted of full-thickness burns, more %TBSA, longer LOS, and more surgical procedures. Among all the patients, LA50 was 78.63% (95% CI = 75.12–83.45) and the overall mortality reached 0.1% since seven deaths were recorded. Conclusion Scalds, flames, contact, and chemicals are the main causes of burns among children aged 1–5 years in central China. Accordingly, various prevention strategies should be employed depending upon the cause of the burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Han
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yancang Li
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinjian Zha
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengde Xia
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanna Yang
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangfan Xie
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shemin Tian
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Lowery AS, Dion G, Thompson C, Weavind L, Shinn J, McGrane S, Summitt B, Gelbard A. Incidence of Laryngotracheal Stenosis after Thermal Inhalation Airway Injury. J Burn Care Res 2020; 40:961-965. [PMID: 31332446 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation injury is independently associated with burn mortality, yet little information is available on the incidence, risk factors, or functional outcomes of thermal injury to the airway. In patients with thermal inhalation injury, we sought to define the incidence of laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS), delineate risk factors associated with LTS development, and assess long-term tracheostomy dependence as a proxy for laryngeal function. Retrospective cohort study of adult patients treated for thermal inhalation injury at a single institution burn critical care unit from 2012 to 2017. Eligible patients' records were assessed for LTS (laryngeal, subglottic, or tracheal stenosis). Patient characteristics, burn injury characteristics, and treatment-specific covariates were assessed. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U-tests, odds ratio, and chi-square tests compared LTS versus non-LTS groups. Of 129 patients with thermal inhalation injury during the study period, 8 (6.2%) developed LTS. When compared with the non-LTS group, patients with LTS had greater mean TBSA (mean 30.3, Interquartile Range 7-57.5 vs 10.5, Interquartile Range 0-15.12, P = .01), higher grade of inhalation injury (mean 2.63 vs 1.80, P = .05), longer duration of intubation (12.63 vs 5.44; P < .001), and greater inflammatory response (mean white blood cell count on presentation 25.8 vs 14.9, P = .02, mean hyperglycemia on presentation 176.4 vs 136.9, P = .01). LTS patients had a significantly higher rate of tracheostomy dependence at last follow-up (50 vs 1.7%, P < .001). Six percent of patients with thermal inhalation injury develop LTS. LTS was associated with more severe thermal airway injury, longer duration of intubation, and more severe initial host inflammation. Patients with inhalation injury and LTS are at high risk for tracheostomy dependence. In burn patients with thermal inhalation injury, laryngeal evaluation and directed therapy should be incorporated early into multispecialty pathways of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sun Lowery
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Greg Dion
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Callie Thompson
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Liza Weavind
- Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Justin Shinn
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Stuart McGrane
- Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Blair Summitt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alexander Gelbard
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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Escandón-Vargas K, Tangua AR, Medina P, Zorrilla-Vaca A, Briceño E, Clavijo-Martínez T, Tróchez JP. Healthcare-associated infections in burn patients: Timeline and risk factors. Burns 2020; 46:1775-1786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhang X, Cui C, Ren J, Cheng D, Wu W, Yu J. A randomized trial of a distraction‐type intervention to assist in managing dressing changes for children experienced burns. J Adv Nurs 2019; 76:878-887. [PMID: 31782828 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Hang Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Chang‐Lei Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Jia‐Ju Ren
- School of Nursing Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Department of Burn Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Wei‐Wei Wu
- Department of Burn Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Jia‐Ao Yu
- Department of Burn Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
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Ghorbel I, Bouaziz F, Loukil K, Moalla S, Gassara M, Ennouri K. Epidemiological profile of burns in children in central and southern Tunisia: A 67-case series. Arch Pediatr 2019; 26:158-160. [PMID: 30826178 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burns are among the most frequent injuries in children. They are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological aspects of burns in this environment and to propose preventive measures. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2013. It included children less than 16 years old who were hospitalized for burn injuries in our department. We adopted the hospitalization criteria proposed by the French Society for the Study and Treatment of Burns. The data were collected from medical records and concerned both patients and burn characteristics. RESULTS We recorded 67 cases, with 44.7% under 4 years old and boys (61%) more involved than girls (39%). The incidence of burns peaked in winter (31%) and summer (27%). Burns occurred at home in 95% of the cases. Hot liquids were the leading cause of children's burns. The time lapse between the accident and admission to the hospital was less than 24h in 57% of the cases. The average total body surface area (TBSA) burned was 8.8%. Only five patients presented a TBSA≥20%. The depth of the burns was superficial second-degree burns in 59% of cases. The burn involved mainly the upper limbs (65%). The average length of the hospital stay was 20.5 days. Only one patient died from severe sepsis. CONCLUSION The lack of specialized burn centers in Tunisia associated with the low socioeconomic level of our population worsened the outcome of pediatric burns. The best solution lies in prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ghorbel
- Plastic Surgery Department, UHC Habib Bourguiba, El Firdaws Street 3089, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - F Bouaziz
- Plastic Surgery Department, UHC Habib Bourguiba, El Firdaws Street 3089, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - K Loukil
- Plastic Surgery Department, UHC Habib Bourguiba, El Firdaws Street 3089, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - S Moalla
- Plastic Surgery Department, UHC Habib Bourguiba, El Firdaws Street 3089, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - M Gassara
- Plastic Surgery Department, UHC Habib Bourguiba, El Firdaws Street 3089, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - K Ennouri
- Plastic Surgery Department, UHC Habib Bourguiba, El Firdaws Street 3089, Sfax, Tunisia
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Cheng W, Shen C, Zhao D, Zhang H, Tu J, Yuan Z, Song G, Liu M, Li D, Shang Y, Qin B. The epidemiology and prognosis of patients with massive burns: A multicenter study of 2483 cases. Burns 2019; 45:705-716. [PMID: 30837206 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological features of massively burned patients in China remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and evaluate the burn index (BI) and other risk factors associated with the prognosis of massively burned patients. METHODS Data of patients with ≥30% total body surface area burned admitted in 2014 were retrieved from 106 burn centers in the mainland of China. Information of epidemiological features and the outcome were collected for retrospective analysis. RESULTS A total of 2483 massively burned patients were included in this study, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.29:1, the mean age of 49.23±16.67 years, mean TBSA of 55.53±21.39% and the mean BI of 39.75±21.59. Scald accounted for 81.07% of the injuries in children, while flame accounted for 66.89% and 74.31% of the injuries in adults and seniors. Approximately 17.76% of the patients were admitted to the local burn center after 6h of injury, and the wound areas of 1154 (46.48%) patients were covered with folk remedies. The mortality was 9.79%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for BI was 0.941 (95% CI, 0.929-0.954). When the value of BI was above a threshold of 29 in the 0-14 years age group, 43.5 in the 15-59 years age group and 35.5 in the 60 years or older age group, the mortality increased significantly. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the odds ratio (OR) of death increased 6% with an increase in the BI of 1.0. Patients older than 60 years, the admission time longer than 6h after-injury (adjusted OR, 1.797; 95% CI, 1.179-2.740; adjusted p<0.001), and patients with a combined inhalation injury (adjusted OR, 6.649; 95% CI, 4.517-9.789; adjusted p<0.000), were at higher risk of death. CONCLUSIONS There are etiological characteristics of the different age groups that should be considered for prevention. BI can be a reliable index of prognosis in severely burned patients. The results of the study showed that a large BI, elderly age, delayed admission after injury and combined inhalation injury are the main risk factors for extensively burned patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuanan Shen
- Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiajin Tu
- Department of Burns, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yuan
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guodong Song
- Department of Burns, Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuru Shang
- Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Binyu Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang T, Nie C, Zhang H, Zeng XQ, Yu HT, Shi SP, Wei ZR, Shi XQ. Epidemiological Characteristics and Disease Burden of Burns in Children in Northern Guizhou, China. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:2125-2127. [PMID: 30127227 PMCID: PMC6111690 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.239312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, China
| | - Chan Nie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Center for Medical Records Management, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xue-Qin Zeng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Hui-Ting Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, China
| | - Shang-Peng Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, China
| | - Zai-Rong Wei
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xiu-Quan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, China; Center for Injury Research and Policy, Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Li H, Yao Z, Tan J, Zhou J, Li Y, Wu J, Luo G. Epidemiology and outcome analysis of 6325 burn patients: a five-year retrospective study in a major burn center in Southwest China. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46066. [PMID: 28383066 PMCID: PMC5382583 DOI: 10.1038/srep46066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Burns are a major cause of injury worldwide. We investigated the epidemiology and outcomes of burn patients in a major burn center in southwest China between 2011 and 2015 to provide guidance for burn prevention. Of the 6,325 included burn patients, 66.8% were male and 34.7% were 0 ~ 6 years old. The incidence of burns peaked in autumn. Scald was the most common cause of burns, which was predominant in patients aged 0 ~ 6 years. The mean total body surface area (TBSA) of burns was 13.4%, and patients with burns ≤10% TBSA comprised 64.1% of all cases. Patients with full-thickness burns accounted for 40.1% of all patients and 81.0% of operated patients; these burns were primarily caused by flame (34.8%), scald (21.0%), and electricity (20.4%). Fifty-six deaths occurred (mortality 0.9%), and risk factors included full-thickness burns, larger TBSA and older age. The median length of stay was 17 days, and major risk factors included more operations, better outcomes and larger TBSA. Our data showed that closer attention should be paid to children under 6 years old, males, incidents in autumn and scald burns to prevent burn injuries. Furthermore, individualized burn prevention and treatment measures based on related risk factors should be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Li
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui Yao
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- People’s Liberation Army Hospital 59, Kaiyuan, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jianglin Tan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyi Zhou
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Li H, Wang S, Tan J, Zhou J, Wu J, Luo G. Epidemiology of pediatric burns in southwest China from 2011 to 2015. Burns 2017; 43:1306-1317. [PMID: 28372828 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burns are a major form of injury in children worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, outcome, cost and risk factors of pediatric burns in southwest China. METHODS This retrospective study was performed at the Institute of Burn Research of the Third Military Medical University from 2011 to 2015. Data, including demographic, injury-related, and clinical data and patient outcome, were collected from medical records. RESULTS A total of 2478 children with burns (58.03% boys), accounting for 39.2% of total burn patients, were included. The average age of the burn patients was 2.86±2.86years, and most patients (85.55%) were under five years old. The incidence of burns peaked in January, February and May. Scald burns were the most frequent (79.06%), followed by flame burns (14.0%) and electrical burns (3.35%). Limbs were the most common burn sites (69.73%), and the average total body surface area (TBSA) was 11.57±11.61%. The percentage of children who underwent operations and the number of operations were significantly increased in cases of electrical burns, the older-age group, a larger TBSA and full-thickness burns. Six deaths were recorded, yielding a mortality of 0.24%. The median length of stay and cost were 14days and 9541 CNY, respectively, and the major risk factors for length of stay and cost were the TBSA, number of operations, full-thickness burns and outcome. CONCLUSIONS In southwest China, among children under five years old, scald and flame burns should become the key prevention target, and future prevention strategies should be based on related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Li
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianglin Tan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyi Zhou
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Smolle C, Cambiaso-Daniel J, Forbes AA, Wurzer P, Hundeshagen G, Branski LK, Huss F, Kamolz LP. Recent trends in burn epidemiology worldwide: A systematic review. Burns 2017; 43:249-257. [PMID: 27600982 PMCID: PMC5616188 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Burns have been more prevalent among low socioeconomic populations and in less developed regions. Incredible advances in burn care and social development over the recent decades, however, should have placed the incidence and severity of burns in a downwards trend. The aim of this review was to give an overview on current trends in burn epidemiology across the world. Also the socioeconomic development in countries that have published epidemiological data used in this study has been taken into account when comparing the results. There was a worldwide downwards trend of burn incidence, burn severity, length of hospital stay, and mortality rate. These findings were particularly pronounced in very highly developed countries. Data from highly and medium developed countries were more heterogeneous. No studies could be obtained from low and middle income countries. Comparisons between the different studies were compromised by the fact that studies emerged from specialized facilities on one hand and general hospitals on the other. Analyzed studies were also frequently focusing on limited patient populations such as "children" or "elderly". Our findings indicate the need for an international burn database with a minimal data-set in order to obtain objective and comparable results in respect of burn epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Smolle
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Janos Cambiaso-Daniel
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Abigail A Forbes
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0724, USA
| | - Paul Wurzer
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036 Graz, Austria; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0724, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, 815 Market St., Galveston, TX 77550-2725, USA
| | - Gabriel Hundeshagen
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0724, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, 815 Market St., Galveston, TX 77550-2725, USA
| | - Ludwik K Branski
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036 Graz, Austria; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0724, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, 815 Market St., Galveston, TX 77550-2725, USA
| | - Fredrik Huss
- Burn Center, Department of Plastic- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars-Peter Kamolz
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Saxton AT, Poenaru D, Ozgediz D, Ameh EA, Farmer D, Smith ER, Rice HE. Economic Analysis of Children's Surgical Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165480. [PMID: 27792792 PMCID: PMC5085034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the economic value of health interventions is essential for policy makers to make informed resource allocation decisions. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize available information on the economic impact of children’s surgical care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We searched MEDLINE (Pubmed), Embase, and Web of Science for relevant articles published between Jan. 1996 and Jan. 2015. We summarized reported cost information for individual interventions by country, including all costs, disability weights, health outcome measurements (most commonly disability-adjusted life years [DALYs] averted) and cost-effectiveness ratios (CERs). We calculated median CER as well as societal economic benefits (using a human capital approach) by procedure group across all studies. The methodological quality of each article was assessed using the Drummond checklist and the overall quality of evidence was summarized using a scale adapted from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Findings We identified 86 articles that met inclusion criteria, spanning 36 groups of surgical interventions. The procedure group with the lowest median CER was inguinal hernia repair ($15/DALY). The procedure group with the highest median societal economic benefit was neurosurgical procedures ($58,977). We found a wide range of study quality, with only 35% of studies having a Drummond score ≥ 7. Interpretation Our findings show that many areas of children’s surgical care are extremely cost-effective in LMICs, provide substantial societal benefits, and are an appropriate target for enhanced investment. Several areas, including inguinal hernia repair, trichiasis surgery, cleft lip and palate repair, circumcision, congenital heart surgery and orthopedic procedures, should be considered “Essential Pediatric Surgical Procedures” as they offer considerable economic value. However, there are major gaps in existing research quality and methodology which limit our current understanding of the economic value of surgical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T. Saxton
- Duke Global Health Institute and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Dan Poenaru
- McMaster Paediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, Dept. of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Doruk Ozgediz
- Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | | | - Diana Farmer
- University of California-Davis Health System, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Emily R. Smith
- Duke Global Health Institute and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Henry E. Rice
- Duke Global Health Institute and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric burns in Beijing City. Methods This was a retrospective study of pediatric patients (n = 400) admitted to four burn centers in Beijing City between June 2010 and May 2011. Burn severity was determined according to total body surface area (TBSA) percentage and degree. Patients were followed up for one year. Multivariate analyses were carried out to determine the factors (burn etiology, time and place of injury, living conditions, hospital type, first-aid treatment methods, and parent/guardian knowledge of burns, educational level, occupation) affecting burn properties (severity and pigmentation/scar). Results 191/400 (47.8 %) patients were aged 2-3 years, and scalding was the leading etiology (355/400, 88.8 %). Burn incidence peaked in May (14.8 %), at 10:00-12:00 and 17:00-20:00. Most burn events occurred indoors (272/400, 68.0 %), especially in the kitchen (180/400, 45.0 %). Roughly half of them involved head and neck; 188 (47.0 %) patients had mild burns, 140 (35.0 %) moderate, 44 (11.0 %) extensive, and 28 (7.0 %) critical burns; 184 (46.0 %) patients were treated only with cold-water rinsing or compress; 120 (30.0 %) received no first aid. Only 32 (8.0 %) patients visited a specialized institution. 164 patients underwent surgery. Hospitalization lasted for 14.8 ± 8.1 days. Independent risk factors for burn severity were occurrence month, living conditions, occupation of the mother, and first aid. 288 (72.0 %) patients developed pigmentation and scar within a year while no independent risk factors was observed. Conclusions Pediatric burns often occurred indoors, especially in the kitchen, and a substantial proportion receives no first aid. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-016-0686-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Segu S, Tataria R. Paediatric suicidal burns: A growing concern. Burns 2016; 42:825-9. [PMID: 26803366 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An alarming rise in rates of paediatric population committing self-immolation acts is a growing social and medical problem. In recent times there seems to be a rising concern in paediatric population. A study was conducted at a government tertiary care burn centre over 5 years in paediatric age group of <18 years who had committed self-immolation. Demographic data, aetiology, burn severity, associated illnesses, treatment and outcomes of the patients were collected with preventive strategies. Of total 89 patients, 12 patients were below 12 years (children) and 77 between 12-18 years (adolescent) with female preponderance. Majority belonged to lower middle and upper lower class families. Most had deep partial thickness burns. Psychiatric and personality disorder were found in 24.03% and 31.46% patients respectively. Kerosene was the main agent chosen to inflict injury. The average length of hospital stay was 19.8 days. The crude mortality rate observed was 38.2%. With cultural and socio-economic changes children and adolescents are exposed to increased levels of stress and peer pressure leaving them vulnerable. A multidisciplinary care involving medical, psychological and social support is required. Identifying children at risk and proper counselling and support can form an important strategy at prevention rather than cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Segu
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Victoria Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rachana Tataria
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Victoria Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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Park SJ, Kim SW, Jeong WJ, Oh SH, Park JT. Analysis of Exposure Factors for Clinical and Preventive Aspects of Pediatric Electrical Burn Patients who Visited the Emergency Department. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND INJURY 2015. [DOI: 10.20408/jti.2015.28.3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Won Jung Jeong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Jeong Taek Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
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Zhou C, Bai W, Chen Q, Xu Z, Zhu X, Wen A, Yang X. Protective effect of crocetin against burn-induced intestinal injury. J Surg Res 2015; 198:99-107. [PMID: 26119275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation exert central roles in burn-induced intestinal injury. Crocetin, a natural carotenoid compound from gardenia fruits and saffron, has been shown to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory response. However, the possibility of crocetin to be used in the treatment of intestinal injury after burn injury has not been investigated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of crocetin in burn-induced intestinal injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Several free radical-generating and lipid peroxidation models were used to systematically assess the antioxidant activities of crocetin in vitro. A common burn model was used to induce the intestinal injury in rats. Changes in the levels of malondialdehyde, superoxidase dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, polymorphonuclear neutrophil accumulation, intestinal permeability, and intestinal histology were examined. RESULTS In several models of antioxidant activity, crocetin exhibited marked inhibitory action against free radicals and lipid peroxidation. Crocetin increased levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduced intestinal oxidative injury in burn models. In addition, crocetin inhibited polymorphonuclear neutrophil accumulation, ameliorated tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 levels, intestinal permeability, and histological changes. CONCLUSIONS Crocetin treatment may protect against burn-induced small intestinal injury, possibly by inhibiting burn-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wei Bai
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Brigade of student, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qiaohua Chen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiongxiang Zhu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Xuekang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Childhood burns in Sulaimaniyah province, Iraqi Kurdistan: A prospective study of admissions and outpatients. Burns 2015; 41:394-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Wynn P, Stewart J, Kumar A, Clacy R, Coffey F, Cooper N, Coupland C, Deave T, Hayes M, McColl E, Reading R, Sutton A, Watson M, Kendrick D. Keeping children safe at home: protocol for a case-control study of modifiable risk factors for scalds. Inj Prev 2014; 20:e11. [PMID: 24842981 PMCID: PMC4174015 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2014-041255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Scalds are one of the most common forms of thermal injury in young children worldwide. Childhood scald injuries, which mostly occur in the home, result in substantial health service use and considerable morbidity and mortality. There is little research on effective interventions to prevent scald injuries in young children. Objectives To determine the relationship between a range of modifiable risk factors for medically attended scalds in children under the age of 5 years. Design A multicentre case-control study in UK hospitals and minor injury units with parallel home observation to validate parental reported exposures. Cases will be 0–4 years old with a medically attended scald injury which occurred in their home or garden, matched on gender and age with community controls. An additional control group will comprise unmatched hospital controls drawn from children aged 0–4 years attending the same hospitals and minor injury units for other types of injury. Conditional logistic regression will be used for the analysis of cases and matched controls, and unconditional logistic regression for the analysis of cases and unmatched controls to estimate ORs and 95% CI, adjusted and unadjusted for confounding variables. Main exposure measures Use of safety equipment and safety practices for scald prevention and scald hazards. Discussion This large case-control study will investigate modifiable risk factors for scalds injuries, adjust for potential confounders and validate measures of exposure. Its findings will enhance the evidence base for prevention of scalds injuries in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wynn
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Stewart
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - R Clacy
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - F Coffey
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - N Cooper
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - C Coupland
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - T Deave
- Centre for Child & Adolescent Health, Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - M Hayes
- Child Accident Prevention Trust, Canterbury Court (1.09), 1 - 3 Brixton Road, London, UK
| | - E McColl
- Great North Children's Hospital, Research Unit Level 2, New Victoria Wing, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - R Reading
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - A Sutton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - M Watson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - D Kendrick
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
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