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Keshavarzi A, Akrami R, Zarshenas MM, Zareie S, Ghadimi T, Najafi A, Rostami Chijan M, Dehghan A, Zarenezhad E. Evaluation of the Effect of Cichorium intybus L. on the Liver Enzymes in Burn Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pract 2024; 2024:1016247. [PMID: 38239768 PMCID: PMC10796187 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1016247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Burn injuries are considered an important public health problem in the world. Burns are considered the fourth most common kind of trauma in the world, after traffic accidents, falls, and interpersonal violence. Various biochemical agents are involved in the burn healing process such as cytokines (such as IL-6 and TNF-α), antioxidants, and liver and kidney damage biomarkers. Cichorium intybus L. and milk thistle extracts showed a wide range of pharmacological activities such as significant antimicrobial effect and antioxidant activity, as well as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiproliferative, antiprotozoal, and hepatoprotective effect. Also, these two herbs possess blood-cleansing, detoxifying, laxative, and invigorating activities. Some research confirmed that the preparations of the extract are very suitable for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This is a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients with 2nd and 3rd degree burns have been selected to participate in the study according to the inclusion criteria. A total of 60 patients were selected and divided into intervention and control groups (30 patients in each group). Patients in the intervention group received chicory seed syrup 10 cc three times a day and 1 placebo capsule, and those in the control group received placebo syrup (10 cc three times a day) and one Livergol (140 mg of silymarin in each capsule) capsule. Lab data such as liver function tests, albumin, creatinine, BUN, and hemoglobin were checked every 3 days and 1 week after discharge. The treatment lasted for 4 weeks. According to the results of the study, although the average of liver enzymes at the end of the study does not show a significant difference between the two groups, the level of liver enzymes in each group decreased on the 15th day of the study compared to the first day. This trial is registered with IRCT20180609040016N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkhalegh Keshavarzi
- Shiraz Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rahimeh Akrami
- Shiraz Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M. Zarshenas
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Zareie
- Nurse of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Amir Al-Momenin Burn Injury Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tayyeb Ghadimi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Najafi
- Shiraz Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rostami Chijan
- Department of Persian Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Azizallah Dehghan
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Elham Zarenezhad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Parvizi A, Haddadi S, Ghorbani Vajargah P, Mollaei A, Firooz M, Hosseini SJ, Takasi P, Farzan R, Karkhah S. A systematic review of life satisfaction and related factors among burns patients. Int Wound J 2023; 20:2830-2842. [PMID: 36759129 PMCID: PMC10410333 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to examine the life satisfaction and related factors among burns patients. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted at the international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as 'Burns', 'Life satisfaction', 'Personal satisfaction', and 'Patient satisfaction' from the earliest to the 1 October 2022. The quality of the studies included in this review was evaluated using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS tool). A total of 3352 burn patients in the nine cross-sectional studies were included in this systematic review. 70.52% of burn patients were male. The mean age of burn patients was 37.47 (SD = 14.73). The mean score of life satisfaction in burn patients based on SWLS was 23.02 (SD = 7.86) out of 35, based on LSI-A was 12.67 (SD = 4.99) out of 20, and based on the life satisfaction questionnaire was 4.81 (SD = 1.67) out of 7. Factors including time since burn, religion, and constant had a positive and significant relationship with life satisfaction in burn patients. Whereas, factors such as single marital status, age at injury, length of hospital stay, presence of pain, larger total body surface area burn, head and neck burn, functional impairment, family satisfaction, satisfaction with appearance, and previous psychiatric treatment had a negative and significant relationship with life satisfaction in burn patients. In sum, this systematic review showed that burn patients were slightly satisfied with their life. Therefore, health managers and policymakers can improve the quality of life of burn victims by planning psychological counselling and behavioural therapy, and consequently increase their life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Parvizi
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Alzahra HospitalGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Soudabeh Haddadi
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Alzahra HospitalGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research CenterGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and MidwiferyGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Amirabbas Mollaei
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research CenterGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and MidwiferyGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Mahbobeh Firooz
- Department of NursingEsfarayen Faculty of Medical SciencesEsfarayenIran
| | | | - Poorya Takasi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research CenterGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and MidwiferyGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Ramyar Farzan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of MedicineGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Samad Karkhah
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research CenterGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and MidwiferyGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
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A systematic review of self-esteem and related factors among burns patients. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 84:104811. [PMID: 36582917 PMCID: PMC9793123 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present systematic review was conducted to examine self-esteem and related factors in burns patients. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted from the first to the April 1, 2022 at the international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as "Burns", "Self-confidence", "Self-perception", "Self-esteem", and "Self-concept". Results A total of 762 burn patients were included in this review from ten cross-sectional studies. The mean score of self-esteem in burn patients based on Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, State Self-Esteem Scale, Cooper Smith's self-esteem questionnaire, and Rifai's self-esteem scale were 17.77 (SD = 5.55) out of 30, 65.91 (SD = 5.49) out of 100, 56.68 (SD = 5.49) out of 100, and 109.77 (SD = 9.55) out of 145, respectively. Factors associated with self-esteem in burns patients were gender, occupation, the location of the burn, type of burn, site of burn, burn scar, and quality of life had a significant relationship with burn patients' self-esteem. Factors such as social support, family support, friends support, and supporting others, had a significant positive relationship with self-esteem of burns patient. However, self-esteem in patients with burn had a significant negative relationship with grade of burn injury, percentage of burn, depth of burn, facial burn, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychiatric morbidity, major depressive, and suicidality factors. Conclusion Overall, patients with burns had moderate levels of self-esteem. Therefore, it is recommended that health professionals use interdisciplinary approaches to better manage burn patients.
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Takasi P, Falakdami A, Ghorbani Vajargah P, Mollaei A, Mehrabi H, Ghazanfari MJ, Mobayen M, Karkhah S. Dissatisfaction or slight satisfaction with life in burn patients: A rising cause for concern of the world's burn community. Burns 2022; 48:2000-2002. [PMID: 36156257 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poorya Takasi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Falakdami
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Amirabbas Mollaei
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Mehrabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Ghazanfari
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Mobayen
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Samad Karkhah
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Determination of factors affecting prevention of burns among children under five years old using PRECEDE model: A cross-sectional study in urban and rural populations. Burns 2022; 48:328-336. [PMID: 34955293 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burns are one of the most important childhood injuries that can be controlled and prevented. Mothers play an important role in preventing child burns. Health education and promotional theories facilitate a precise recognition of the behavioral factors in mothers that help preventing burn injury in their children. Burns in children under five years old and the factors in prevention of burn by their mothers were examined using PRECEDE Model. The study environment was rural and urban areas of Kermanshah, Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 330 mothers in urban and rural areas of Kermanshah County in the west of Iran. The participants were randomly selected among mothers who had at least one child younger than five years old. Data was collected through interviewing the mothers using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on demographic characteristics, PRECEDE Model, and history of burn. The data were analyzed using SPSS-16. RESULTS The mean age of the mothers in urban areas (29.33 ± 5.987) was higher than that of those in rural areas (28.77 ± 6.236). More than 90% of the mothers were housewives, both in urban and rural areas. The rate of a history of burn in rural children under the age of five (8.3%) was greater than that in urban children (5.2%). Most of the burn cases in urban areas were mild whereas those in rural areas were moderate. The majority of burn cases had happened at home in children 1-3 years' age range; this rate was higher in boys. The majority of burns cases had happened when the child was playing (urban: 64.3%, rural: 100%). In addition, liquids and hot objects were the main causes of the burns (urban: 78.5%, rural: 100%). Among the constructs of PRECEDE models in the urban areas, knowledge (P < 0.001), attitudes (P = 0.027), and environmental factors (P = 0.03) had a significant relationship with burn-preventive behaviors in mothers. In addition, in the rural areas, attitudes (P = 0.038) had a significant relationship with burn-preventive behaviors in mothers. CONCLUSION Burn was an important injury in the study population, especially in the rural areas. The PRECEDE model can help us to identify the factors in burn injuries in children and the preventive behaviors in mothers. The findings can be used to develop preventive interventional programs to better protect this vulnerable group in society.
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Myers JG, Nwakibu UA, Hunold KM, Wangara AA, Kiruja J, Mutiso V, Thompson P, Aluisio AR, Maingi A, Dunlop SJ, Martin IBK. Pediatric Medical Emergencies and Injury Prevention Practices in the Pediatric Emergency Unit of Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Pediatr Emerg Care 2022; 38:e378-e384. [PMID: 34986590 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The epidemiology and presence of pediatric medical emergencies and injury prevention practices in Kenya and resource-limited settings are not well understood. This is a barrier to planning and providing quality emergency care within the local health systems. We performed a prospective, cross-sectional study to describe the epidemiology of case encounters to the pediatric emergency unit (PEU) at Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya; and to explore injury prevention measures used in the population. METHODS Patients were enrolled prospectively using systematic sampling over four weeks in the Kenyatta National Hospital PEU. Demographic data, PEU visit data and lifestyle practices associated with pediatric injury prevention were collected directly from patients or guardians and through chart review. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics with stratification based on pediatric age groups. RESULTS Of the 332 patients included, the majority were female (56%) and 76% were under 5 years of age. The most common presenting complaints were cough (40%) fever (34%), and nausea/vomiting (19%). The most common PEU diagnoses were upper respiratory tract infections (27%), gastroenteritis (11%), and pneumonia (8%). The majority of patients (77%) were discharged from the PEU, while 22% were admitted. Regarding injury prevention practices, the majority (68%) of guardians reported their child never used seatbelts or car seats. Of 68 patients that rode bicycles/motorbikes, one reported helmet use. More than half of caregivers cook at potentially dangerous heights; 59% use ground/low level stoves. CONCLUSIONS Chief complaints and diagnoses in the PEU population were congruent with communicable disease burdens seen globally. Measures for primary injury prevention were reported as rarely used in the sample studied. The epidemiology described by this study provides a framework for improving public health education and provider training in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G Myers
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Uzoma A Nwakibu
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Katherine M Hunold
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ali Akida Wangara
- Accident and Emergency Department, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jason Kiruja
- Accident and Emergency Department, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vincent Mutiso
- University of Nairobi School of Medicine, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peyton Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Alice Maingi
- Accident and Emergency Department, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stephen J Dunlop
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ian B K Martin
- Department of Emergency Medicine at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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What is Known About Burns in East Africa? A Scoping Review. J Surg Res 2021; 266:113-124. [PMID: 33989890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burns are a global public health concern, with the majority of the disease burden affecting low- and middle-income countries. Yet, as suggested by previous publications, there is a widespread belief that literature about burns in low- and middle-income countries is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess with a scoping review, the extent of the literature output on burns in East Africa, and to investigate patient demographics, injury characteristics, treatment and outcomes, as reported from the existing publications. METHODS Studies discussing burns in East Africa were identified by searching PubMed / Medline (National Library of Medicine), EMBASE (Elsevier), Global Health Database (EBSCO), and Global Index Medicus on December 12, 2019. Controlled vocabulary terms (i.e., MeSH, EMTREE, Global Health thesaurus terms) were included when available and appropriate. No year restrictions were applied. RESULTS A total of 1,044 records were retrieved from the database searches, from which 40 articles from 6 countries published between 1993 and 2019 were included in the final review. No studies were found from five East African countries with the lowest GDP. Most papers focused on pediatric trauma patients or tertiary hospital settings. The total number of burn patients recorded was 44,369, of which the mean proportion of males was 56%. The most common cause of injury was scalds (61%), followed by open flame (17%). Mortality rate ranged from 0-67%. The mean length of stay in hospital was between 9-60 d. CONCLUSIONS Burn data is limited in the East African region, with socio-economically weak countries being particularly underrepresented. This scoping review has identified the largest set of literature on burns in East Africa to date, indicating the importance of reviewing data at a regional or local level, as "global" studies tend to be dominated by high-income country data. Data collection in specific registries is needed to better characterize the exact burden of burn injuries in East Africa.
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Hunter MA, Sylvester K, White RE, Harrington DT, Vivier PM, Parker RK. Referral Patterns of Burn Injury in Rural Kenya. J Burn Care Res 2021; 42:454-458. [PMID: 33095863 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Burn injury represents a substantial burden of disease in resource-limited settings. Kenya has no formal trauma system and referral practices for burn injuries are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with burn injury referrals in rural Kenya. A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients with burn injury from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017 at a 300-bed faith-based, teaching hospital in southwest Kenya. Bivariate analysis compared referred and non-referred patients. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between burn severity and odds of referral adjusting for age, sex, insurance, time from injury to arrival, and estimated travel time from home to hospital. The study included 171 patients with burn injury; 11 patients were excluded due to missing referral data. Of the 160 patients, 31.9% (n = 51) were referred. Referral patients had higher average total body surface area burn (23.1 ± 2.4% vs 11.1 ± 1.2%, P < .001), were more likely to have full-thickness burns (41.3% vs 25.5%, P = .05), and less likely to present to the referral hospital within 24 hours after injury (47.8% vs 73.0%, P = .005). Referral patients had longer travel time to hospital (90+ min: 52.9% vs 22.0%, P < .001). Odds of referral increased 1.62 times (95% confidence interval: 1.19-2.22) for every 10% increase in total body surface area burn. Without a coordinated trauma system, referrals represent a substantial portion of burn injury patients at a hospital in rural Kenya. Referred patients present with more severe burns and experience delays to presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Hunter
- Department of Surgery, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence.,Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute/Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Russell E White
- Department of Surgery, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence.,Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, Bomet, Kenya
| | - David T Harrington
- Department of Surgery, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence
| | - Patrick M Vivier
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute/Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Robert K Parker
- Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, Bomet, Kenya.,Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Alajmi MM, Aldosari KH, Al-Ghamdi S. Clinical, epidemiological, and management aspects of burn injuries in Saudi Arabia - A cross-sectional study. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4342-4347. [PMID: 34354418 PMCID: PMC8324965 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burns are a deleterious, but largely preventable health problem foisting physical, economic, social, emotional, and relational issues worldwide. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the King Khalid Hospital and Prince Sultan Center for Health Services, and Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University hospital in Al Kharj in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study included patients who presented themselves to the emergency department of the targeted hospitals with at least one documented burn injury between October 2018 and October 2019. The patients were followed from presentation to discharge. The etiology, location, severity, and options of treatment offered to them were recorded. The SPSS version 22.0 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data as means, frequencies, and standard deviations. Categorical variables were compared using the Pearson's chi-square test. Results 180 patients with burn injuries were included in the study. The majority were adolescents and adults under the age of 40 (n = 171). The prevalence of first-degree burns was 12.8%, that of second-degree burns was 71.1%, and that of third-degree burns was 16.1%. The most common cause, area, and type of treatment were hot water injuries (36.1%), upper limbs (62.2%), and skin debridement respectively. Conclusion Adolescents and young adults are the most frequently affected by burns while skin debridement was the most common treatment offered to the patients. In this context emergency hospital staff was required to be adequately equipped and trained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour M Alajmi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Hadi Aldosari
- Adult Critical Care Medicine Department, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Saleeby J, Myers JG, Ekernas K, Hunold K, Wangara A, Maingi A, Wilson P, Mutiso V, Zamamiri S, Bacon D, Davis W, Suder J, Agrawal Y, Ogar O, Martin IB, Dunlop S. Retrospective review of the patient cases at a major trauma center in Nairobi, Kenya and implications for emergency care development. Afr J Emerg Med 2019; 9:127-133. [PMID: 31528530 PMCID: PMC6742594 DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are continuing to experience a "triple burden" of disease - traumatic injury, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and communicable disease with maternal and neonatal conditions (CD&Ms). The epidemiology of this triad is not well characterised and poses significant challenges to resource allocations, administration, and education of emergency care providers. The data collected in this study provide a comprehensive description of the emergency centre at Kenya's largest public tertiary care hospital. METHODS This study is a retrospective chart review conducted at Kenyatta National Hospital of all patient encounters over a four-month period. Data were collected from financial and emergency centre triage records along with admission and mortality logbooks. Chief complaints and discharge diagnoses collected by specially trained research assistants were manually converted to standardised diagnoses using International Classification of Disease 10 (ICD-10) codes. ICD-10 codes were categorised into groups based on the ICD-10 classification system for presentation. RESULTS A total of 23,941 patients presented to the emergency centre during the study period for an estimated annual census of 71,823. The majority of patients were aged 18-64 years (58%) with 50% of patients being male and only 3% of unknown sex. The majority of patients (61%) were treated in the emergency centre, observed, and discharged home. Admission was the next most common disposition (33%) followed by death (6%). Head injury was the overall most common diagnosis (11%) associated with admission. CONCLUSIONS Trends toward NCDs and traumatic diseases have been described by this study and merit further investigation in both the urban and rural setting. Specifically, the significance of head injury on healthcare cost, utilisation, and patient death and disability points to the growing need of additional resources at Kenyatta National Hospital for acute care. It further demonstrates the mounting impact of trauma in Kenya and throughout the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Saleeby
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Emergency Medicine, 101 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Justin G. Myers
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Emergency Medicine, 101 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Karen Ekernas
- St Joseph Hospital, Department of Emergency Department, 1375 19th Ave, Denver, CO 80218, USA
| | - Katherine Hunold
- The Ohio State University, Department of Emergency Medicine, 410 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ali Wangara
- Kenyatta National Hospital, Accident and Emergency Department, Hospital Road, Upper Hill, Nairobi 00202, Kenya
| | - Alice Maingi
- Kenyatta National Hospital, Accident and Emergency Department, Hospital Road, Upper Hill, Nairobi 00202, Kenya
| | - Peyton Wilson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Pediatrics, 130 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Vincent Mutiso
- University of Nairobi School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, University Way, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sarah Zamamiri
- Nova Southeastern University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 S University Dr, Davie, FL 33328, USA
| | - Daniel Bacon
- University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, 321 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Wes Davis
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Carolinas Campus, 350 Howard St, Spartanburg, SC 29303, USA
| | - John Suder
- University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, 321 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Yash Agrawal
- University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, 321 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Ogar Ogar
- University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, 321 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Ian B.K. Martin
- West Virginia University, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1 Medical Center Dr, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Stephen Dunlop
- Hennepin County Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, 701 Park Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA
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