Peripheral mechanism of muscle pain: An update

TRP channels in COVID-19 disease: Potential targets for prevention and treatment

Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] is a global health threat caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV2] that requires two proteins for entry: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [ACE2] and -membrane protease serine 2 [TMPRSS2]. Many patients complain from pneumonia, cough, fever, and gastrointestinal (GI) problems. Notably, different TRP channels are expressed in various tissues infected by SARS-CoV-2. TRP channels are cation channels that show a common architecture with high permeability to calcium [Ca²⁺] in most sub-families. Literature review shed light on the possible role of TRP channels in COVID-19 disease. TRP channels may take part in inflammation, pain, fever, anosmia, ageusia, respiratory, cardiovascular, GI and neurological complications related to COVID-19. Also, TRP channels could be the targets for many active compounds that showed effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2. Desensitization or blocking TRP channels by antibodies, aptamers, small molecules or venoms can be an option for COVID-19 prevention and future treatment. This review provides insights into the involvement of TRP channels in different symptoms and mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 , potential treatments targeting these channels and highlights missing gaps in literature.

Features selection for Bayes classification of prolonged fatigue on rectus femoris muscle

Sports training is very important to athletes in improving and maintaining their performances. It commonly involves high intensity exercise and requires longer time for fatigue to recover, compares to normal activity. During training, adequate rest is essential to allow recuperation and build body strength. Unfortunately, inadequate rest exposes the body to prolonged fatigue (PF). Hence, this condition needs to be managed accordingly to avoid chronic fatigue syndrome. Recent findings indicate that there are strong characteristics on surface EMG under PF conditions. Currently, the assessment is limited to glycogen breakdown, the existence of lactate and soreness. In this study, twenty participants were recruited to perform five days intensive training (IT) to induce more PF signs. The IT conducted was based on Bruce Protocol treadmill test. It was discovered that the IT successfully induces soreness, unexplained lethargy and performance decrement. Surface EMG were collected from rectus femoris muscle during daily pre and post treadmill tests. Four features were extracted from the surface EMG; mean frequency (F_mean), median frequency (F_med), root mean square (RMS) and mean absolute value (MAV). The results indicated that all features during post exercise had greater value under PF condition and it was significant at P<;0.05. The features then were classified in accordance to Bayes. The results also showed that F_med and MAV features offered good performance with 83.1% accuracy, 84.6% specificity and 80% of precision.