1
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Amara CS, Kami Reddy KR, Yuntao Y, Chan YS, Piyarathna DWB, Dobrolecki LE, Shih DJH, Shi Z, Xu J, Huang S, Ellis MJ, Apolo AB, Ballester LY, Gao J, Hansel DE, Lotan Y, Hodges HC, Lerner SP, Creighton CJ, Sreekumar A, Zheng WJ, Msaouel P, Kavuri SM, Putluri N. The IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling axis is a therapeutic vulnerability in SMARCB1-deficient bladder cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1373. [PMID: 38355560 PMCID: PMC10867091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
SMARCB1 loss has long been observed in many solid tumors. However, there is a need to elucidate targetable pathways driving growth and metastasis in SMARCB1-deficient tumors. Here, we demonstrate that SMARCB1 deficiency, defined as genomic SMARCB1 copy number loss associated with reduced mRNA, drives disease progression in patients with bladder cancer by engaging STAT3. SMARCB1 loss increases the chromatin accessibility of the STAT3 locus in vitro. Orthotopically implanted SMARCB1 knockout (KO) cell lines exhibit increased tumor growth and metastasis. SMARCB1-deficient tumors show an increased IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling axis in in vivo models and patients. Furthermore, a pSTAT3 selective inhibitor, TTI-101, reduces tumor growth in SMARCB1 KO orthotopic cell line-derived xenografts and a SMARCB1-deficient patient derived xenograft model. We have identified a gene signature generated from SMARCB1 KO tumors that predicts SMARCB1 deficiency in patients. Overall, these findings support the clinical evaluation of STAT3 inhibitors for the treatment of SMARCB1-deficient bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sekhar Amara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Karthik Reddy Kami Reddy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yuntao
- Mcwilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuen San Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Lacey Elizabeth Dobrolecki
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David J H Shih
- Mcwilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhongcheng Shi
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Education, Innovation and Technology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrea B Apolo
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Leomar Y Ballester
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Donna E Hansel
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - H Courtney Hodges
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Seth P Lerner
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - W Jim Zheng
- Mcwilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Shyam M Kavuri
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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2
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Harada K, Shinojima N, Yamamoto H, Itoyama M, Uchida D, Dekita Y, Miyamaru S, Uetani H, Orita Y, Mikami Y, Nosaka K, Hirai T, Mukasa A. A Rare Case of Adult Poorly Differentiated Chordoma of the Skull Base With Rapid Progression and Systemic Metastasis: A Review of the Literature. Cureus 2024; 16:e51605. [PMID: 38173946 PMCID: PMC10764176 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare tumor that arises from chordal tissue during fetal life. Recently, the concept of poorly differentiated chordoma, a subtype of chordoma characterized by loss of SMARCB1/INI1 with a poorer prognosis than conventional chordomas, was established. It predominantly occurs in children and is rare in adults. Here, we report a rare adult case of poorly differentiated chordoma of the skull base with a unique course that rapidly systemically metastasized and had the shortest survival time of any adult chordoma reported to date. The patient was a 32-year-old male with a chief complaint of diplopia. MRI showed a widespread neoplastic lesion with the clivus as the main locus. Endoscopic extended transsphenoidal tumor resection was performed. Pathological findings showed that the tumor was malignant, and immunohistochemistry revealed a Ki-67 labeling index of 80%, diffusely positive brachyury, and loss of INI1 expression. The final diagnosis was poorly differentiated chordoma. Postoperatively, the residual tumor in the right cavernous sinus showed rapid growth. The patient was promptly treated with gamma knife three fractions. The residual tumor regressed, but the tumor developed systemic metastasis in a short period, and the patient died seven months after diagnosis. This report of a rapidly progressing and fatal adult poorly differentiated chordoma shows the highest Ki-67 labeling index reported to date. Prompt multidisciplinary treatment should be considered when the Ki-67 labeling index is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Harada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, JPN
| | - Naoki Shinojima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, JPN
| | - Haruaki Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, JPN
| | - Mai Itoyama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, JPN
| | - Daichi Uchida
- Department of Radiosurgery, Kumamoto Radiosurgery Clinic, Kumamoto, JPN
| | - Yuji Dekita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, JPN
| | - Satoru Miyamaru
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, JPN
| | - Hiroyuki Uetani
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, JPN
| | - Yorihisa Orita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, JPN
| | - Yoshiki Mikami
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, JPN
| | - Kisato Nosaka
- Department of Cancer Treatment Center, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, JPN
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, JPN
| | - Toshinori Hirai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, JPN
| | - Akitake Mukasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, JPN
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3
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John L, Smith H, Ilanchezhian M, Lockridge R, Reilly KM, Raygada M, Dombi E, Sandler A, Thomas BJ, Glod J, Miettinen M, Allen T, Sommer J, Levy J, Lozinsky S, Dix D, Bouffet E, MacDonald S, Mukherjee D, Snyderman CH, Rowan NR, Malyapa R, Park DM, Heery C, Gardner PA, Cote GM, Fuller S, Butman JA, Jackson S, Gulley JL, Widemann BC, Wedekind MF. The NIH pediatric/young adult chordoma clinic and natural history study: Making advances in a very rare tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30358. [PMID: 37347686 PMCID: PMC10739575 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chordomas are rare tumors arising from the skull base and spine, with approximately 20 pediatric chordoma cases in the Unitedn States per year. The natural history and optimal treatment of pediatric chordomas, especially poorly differentiated and dedifferentiated subtypes, is incompletely understood. Herein, we present findings from our first National Cancer Institute (NCI) chordoma clinic and a retrospective analysis of published cases of pediatric poorly differentiated chordomas (PDC) and dedifferentiated chordomas (DC). METHODS Patients less than 40 years old with chordoma were enrolled on the NCI Natural History and Biospecimens Acquisitions Study for Children and Adults with Rare Solid Tumors protocol (NCT03739827). Chordoma experts reviewed patient records, evaluated patients, and provided treatment recommendations. Patient-reported outcomes, biospecimens, and volumetric tumor analyses were collected. A literature review for pediatric PDC and DC was conducted. RESULTS Twelve patients (median age: 14 years) attended the clinic, including four patients with active disease and three patients with PDC responsive to systemic therapy. Consensus treatment, management, and recommendations were provided to patients. Literature review returned 45 pediatric cases of PDC or DC with variable treatments and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS A multidisciplinary expert clinic was feasible and successful in improving understanding of pediatric chordoma. While multimodal approaches have all been employed, treatment for PDC has been inconsistent and a recommended standardized treatment approach has not been defined. Centralized efforts, inclusive of specialized chordoma-focused clinics, natural history studies, and prospective analyses will help in the standardization of care for this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liny John
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Smith
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maran Ilanchezhian
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robin Lockridge
- Clinical Research Directorate (CRD), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Karlyne M Reilly
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margarita Raygada
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eva Dombi
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abby Sandler
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara J Thomas
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Glod
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taryn Allen
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Joan Levy
- Chordoma Foundation, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - David Dix
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Malyapa
- University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Christopher Heery
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul A. Gardner
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Sarah Fuller
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John A. Butman
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sadhana Jackson
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James L. Gulley
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Frances Wedekind
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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4
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Tauziède-Espariat A, Hasty L, Métais A, Varlet P. Mesenchymal non-meningothelial tumors of the central nervous system: a literature review and diagnostic update of novelties and emerging entities. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:22. [PMID: 36737790 PMCID: PMC9896826 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) now includes mesenchymal tumors that occur uniquely or frequently in the CNS. Moreover, this version has aligned the terminology of mesenchymal tumors with their soft tissue counterparts. New tumor types have been added, such as the "intracranial mesenchymal tumor, FET-CREB fusion-positive", the "CIC-rearranged sarcoma", and the "Primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1-mutant". Other entities (such as rhabdomyosarcoma) have remained in the current WHO classification because these tumor types may present specificities in the CNS as compared to their soft tissue counterparts. Based on an extensive literature review, herein, we will discuss these newly recognized entities in terms of clinical observation, radiology, histopathology, genetics and outcome, and consider strategies for an accurate diagnosis. In light of this literature analysis, we will also introduce some potentially novel tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnault Tauziède-Espariat
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France. .,Inserm, UMR 1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Lauren Hasty
- grid.414435.30000 0001 2200 9055Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France ,grid.512035.0Inserm, UMR 1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alice Métais
- grid.414435.30000 0001 2200 9055Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France ,grid.512035.0Inserm, UMR 1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- grid.414435.30000 0001 2200 9055Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France ,grid.512035.0Inserm, UMR 1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
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5
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Yasue S, Ozeki M, Endo S, Kanayama T, Suzui N, Nakamura S, Kishimoto K, Kosaka Y, Miyazaki T, Demizu Y, Soejima T, Kawamura A, Ohnishi H. Poorly Differentiated Chordoma of the Clivus With Loss of SMARCB1 Expression in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 44:465-470. [PMID: 35091519 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Poorly differentiated chordoma (PDC) is a rare, aggressive subtype of chordoma. A two-year-old girl presented with cervical pain, limb paralysis and respiratory failure. Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed a tumor compressing the pons at the clivus and osteoblastic metastatic lesions of the left upper arm and right iliac bone. Her tumors shrank substantially after treatment with chemotherapy and proton beam therapy. Our initial diagnosis was an atypical teratoma/rhabdoid tumor, but final diagnosis of PDC was made on the basis of the immunohistochemical expression of brachyury. In addition, the detection of SMARCB1/INI1 mutation confirmed the diagnosis of PDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Yasue
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Michio Ozeki
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Saori Endo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Natsuko Suzui
- Department of Pathology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu
| | - Sayaka Nakamura
- Depertment of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Cancer Center
| | - Kenji Kishimoto
- Depertment of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Yusuke Demizu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center Kobe Proton Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshinori Soejima
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center Kobe Proton Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Kawamura
- Depertment of Neurosurgery, Childhood Cancer Medical Center, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital
| | - Hidenori Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
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6
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Young K, Nielsen T, Bulosan H, Thorne TJ, Ogasawara CT, Birkeland AC, Tang DM, Wu AW, Steele TO. Metastatic skull base chordoma: A systematic review. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:1280-1291. [PMID: 36258855 PMCID: PMC9575061 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective/Hypothesis To investigate the clinical features, management strategies and outcomes for patients with metastatic primary skull base chordomas. Study Design Systematic review. Methods A systematic search through Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost (CINAHL) was conducted without restriction on dates. After study screening and full‐text assessment, two authors independently extracted all data using a pre‐established abstraction form. Results Forty cases were included from 38 studies. The average age (standard deviation [SD]) of the sample at presentation was 28.5 (23.3) and was equally distributed across genders. The average time (SD) between initial diagnosis to local recurrence was 40.1 (60.3) months. The average time (SD) from primary tumor detection to the diagnosis of metastatic disease was 55.2 (49.0) months. The most common subsite for metastatic spread were the lungs (32.5%). Of the 33 patients with data on outcomes, 48.5% were found to have expired by the time of publication. The median overall survival was estimated to be 84 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 62.3–105.7). Conclusions The most common subsites for metastatic spread of skull base chordoma were the lungs and bone. Overall survival for patients in the current cohort was a median of 84 months, with no significant differences noted when stratifying by the extent of surgery or the site of metastases. Level of Evidence 3a
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis Young
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa John A. Burns School of Medicine Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Torbjoern Nielsen
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa John A. Burns School of Medicine Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Hannah Bulosan
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa John A. Burns School of Medicine Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Tyler J. Thorne
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa John A. Burns School of Medicine Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Christian T. Ogasawara
- Department of Neurosurgery University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Galveston Texas USA
| | - Andrew C. Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery University of California Davis Medical Center Sacramento California USA
| | - Dennis M. Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California USA
| | - Arthur W. Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California USA
| | - Toby O. Steele
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery University of California Davis Medical Center Sacramento California USA
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7
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Immunotherapy for SMARCB1-Deficient Sarcomas: Current Evidence and Future Developments. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030650. [PMID: 35327458 PMCID: PMC8945563 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in subunits of the SWItch Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex occur in 20% of all human tumors. Among these, the core subunit SMARCB1 is the most frequently mutated, and SMARCB1 loss represents a founder driver event in several malignancies, such as malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT), epithelioid sarcoma, poorly differentiated chordoma, and renal medullary carcinoma (RMC). Intriguingly, SMARCB1-deficient pediatric MRT and RMC have recently been reported to be immunogenic, despite their very simple genome and low tumor mutational burden. Responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors have further been reported in some SMARCB1-deficient diseases. Here, we will review the preclinical data and clinical data that suggest that immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for SMARCB1-defective tumors. We notably discuss the heterogeneity that exists among the spectrum of malignancies driven by SMARCB1-loss, and highlight challenges that are at stake for developing a personalized immunotherapy for these tumors, notably using molecular profiling of the tumor and of its microenvironment.
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8
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Abstract
This review provides an overview of the spectrum of tumors showing notochordal differentiation. This spectrum encompasses benign entities that are mostly discovered incidentally on imaging, reported as benign notochordal cell tumor, usually not requiring surgical intervention; slowly growing and histologically low-grade tumors referred to as conventional chordoma but associated with a significant metastatic potential and mortality; and more aggressive disease represented by histologically higher-grade tumors including dedifferentiated chordoma, a high-grade biphasic tumor characterized by a conventional chordoma juxtaposed to a high-grade sarcoma, usually with a spindle or pleomorphic cell morphology, and associated with a poor prognosis and poorly differentiated chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Tirabosco
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK.
| | - Paul O'Donnell
- Department of Radiology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1 E 6DD, UK
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9
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Alzoubi H, Gianno F, Giangaspero F, Bartolini D, Riccioni L, Miele E, Antonelli M. Dural-based atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor in an adult: DNA methylation profiling as a tool for the diagnosis. CNS Oncol 2020; 9:CNS54. [PMID: 32602741 PMCID: PMC7341157 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a malignant CNS embryonal tumor that mostly occurs in childhood, adult cases are rare. We report a case of a 23-year-old male with an extra-axial dura-based lesion in the left frontal area, previously diagnosed as gliosarcoma. After 6 years, the patient had a recurrence and the previous slides were reviewed. Tumor was positive for vimentin and negative for INI1. The differential diagnosis for this extra-axial tumor with long survival was rhabdoid meningioma with INI1 loss or ATRT. DNA methylation profiling was performed to reach the final and the most definitive diagnosis; the result was ATRT. Our case suggests the usefulness of DNA methylation profiling for diagnosing challenging CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Alzoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Radiological, Oncological & Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gianno
- Department of Radiological, Oncological & Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Giangaspero
- Department of Radiological, Oncological & Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed-Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Luca Riccioni
- Department of Pathology, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Manila Antonelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological & Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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10
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Abstract
The characteristics of chordomas in children are distinct from those in adults. In particular, the prognosis of patients with INI1-negative chordoma is dismal. The standard treatment for localized chordoma, complete surgical resection with a wide margin, is seldom feasible for chordomas arising at the clivus in children, mainly due to associated complications. Therefore, other treatments for unresectable chordomas in children, including chemoradiotherapy, must be explored. Here, we report a 7-year-old girl with an INI1-negative chordoma of the clivus, who responded to conventional chemotherapy plus radiotherapy. Without surgical resection, she remains alive after 1 year and 7 months of the initial diagnosis.
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11
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Yeter HG, Kosemehmetoglu K, Soylemezoglu F. Poorly differentiated chordoma: review of 53 cases. APMIS 2019; 127:607-615. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Gokce Yeter
- Department of Pathology Hacettepe Unıversity Ankara Turkey
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12
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Sayyid SK, Wong PK, Read W, Monson DK, Umpierrez M, Gonzalez F, Kakarala A, Singer AD. The clincoradiologic spectrum of notochordal derived masses. Clin Imaging 2019; 56:124-134. [PMID: 31029011 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The notochord is an essential part of human development that regresses with age. Masses derived from notochordal tissue may be encountered during imaging of the neuroaxis. Fortunately, the majority of these are benign and can usually be differentiated by radiological and clinical findings. In this manuscript, we discuss the clinical and radiologic presentation of the four notochordal derived masses and present a brief overview of their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia K Sayyid
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Philip K Wong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William Read
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David K Monson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monica Umpierrez
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Felix Gonzalez
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aparna Kakarala
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam D Singer
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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13
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A Diagnostic Pitfall: Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor Versus Dedifferentiated/Poorly Differentiated Chordoma: Analysis of a Mono-institutional Series. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 27:147-154. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Clinicopathologic characteristics of poorly differentiated chordoma. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:1237-1245. [PMID: 29483606 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare malignant tumor of bone with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, aggressive pediatric poorly differentiated chordoma with SMARCB1 loss has been described. This study summarizes the clinicopathologic features of poorly differentiated chordoma with SMARCB1 loss in the largest series to date. A search of records between 1990-2017 at MGH identified 19 patients with poorly differentiated chordoma. Immunohistochemical stains were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival statistics and log-rank (Mantel Cox) tests compared survival with other subtypes. The patients (n = 19) were diagnosed at a median age of 11 years (range: 1-29). Tumors arose in the skull base and clivus (n = 10/19; 53%); cervical spine (n = 6/19; 32%); and sacrum or coccyx (n = 3/19; 16%). The clinical stage of these patients (AJCC 7e) was stage 2A (n = 7/16; 44%); stage 2B (n = 6/16; 38%); stage 4A (n = 1/16; 6%); and stage 4B (n = 2/16; 13%). The tumors were composed of sheets of epithelioid cells with nuclear pleomorphism, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, and increased mitoses. Tumors were positive for cytokeratin (n = 18/18; 100%) and brachyury (n = 18/18; 100%). Patients were treated with a combination of excision, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. No difference in overall survival, progression free survival, local control time, and metastasis free survival was identified between poorly differentiated chordoma of the skull base and of the spine. Compared to other chordoma subtypes, poorly differentiated chordoma has a significantly decreased mean overall survival after stratification by site (p = 0.037). Pediatric poorly differentiated chordoma has a distinct clinical and immunohistochemical profile, with characteristic SMARCB1 loss and decreased survival compared to conventional/chondroid chordoma. Recognition of this subtype is important because these malignancies should be treated aggressively with multimodality therapy.
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15
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Richer W, Masliah-Planchon J, Clement N, Jimenez I, Maillot L, Gentien D, Albaud B, Chemlali W, Galant C, Larousserie F, Boudou-Rouquette P, Leruste A, Chauvin C, Han ZY, Coindre JM, Varlet P, Freneaux P, Ranchère-Vince D, Delattre O, Bourdeaut F. Embryonic signature distinguishes pediatric and adult rhabdoid tumors from other SMARCB1-deficient cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34245-34257. [PMID: 28427232 PMCID: PMC5470964 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra-cranial rhabdoid tumors (RT) are highly aggressive malignancies of infancy, characterized by undifferentiated histological features and loss of SMARCB1 expression. The diagnosis is all the more challenging that other poorly differentiated cancers lose SMARCB1 expression, such as epithelioid sarcomas (ES), renal medullary carcinomas (RMC) or undifferentiated chordomas (UC). Moreover, late cases occurring in adults are now increasingly reported, raising the question of differential diagnoses and emphasizing nosological issues. To address this issue, we have analyzed the expression profiles of a training set of 32 SMARCB1-deficient tumors (SDT), with ascertained diagnosis of RT (n = 16, all < 5 years of age), ES (n = 8, all > 10 years of age), UC (n = 3) and RMC (n = 5). As compared with other SDT, RT are characterized by an embryonic signature, and up-regulation of key-actors of de novo DNA methylation processes. Using this signature, we then analysed the expression profiling of 37 SDT to infer the appropriate diagnosis. Thirteen adult onset tumors showed strong similarity with pediatric RT, in spite of older age; by exome sequencing, these tumors also showed genomic features indistinguishable from pediatric RT. In contrary, 8 tumors were reclassified within carcinoma, ES or UC categories, while the remaining could not be related to any of those entities. Our results demonstrate that embryonic signature is shared by all RT, whatever the age at diagnosis; they also illustrate that many adult-onset SDT of ambiguous histological diagnosis are clearly different from RT. Finally, our study paves the way for the routine use of expression-based signatures to give accurate diagnosis of SDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfrid Richer
- Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERMU830 & SiRIC, Laboratory of Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Julien Masliah-Planchon
- Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Hospital, Laboratory of Somatic Genetics, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Nathalie Clement
- Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERMU830 & SiRIC, Laboratory of Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Irene Jimenez
- Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERMU830 & SiRIC, Laboratory of Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France.,Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology- Adolescents and Young Adults, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Laetitia Maillot
- Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Hospital, Laboratory of Somatic Genetics, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - David Gentien
- Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Research Center, Department of Translational Research, Genomic Platform, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Benoît Albaud
- Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Research Center, Department of Translational Research, Genomic Platform, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Walid Chemlali
- Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Hospital, Laboratory of Somatic Genetics, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Christine Galant
- University Hospital of Leuven, Department of Pathology, 10-1200 Brussel-Belgium
| | - Frederique Larousserie
- Cochin University Hospital, Universite Rene Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Pathology, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Pascaline Boudou-Rouquette
- Cochin University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Oncology, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Amaury Leruste
- Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERMU830 & SiRIC, Laboratory of Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Celine Chauvin
- Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERMU830 & SiRIC, Laboratory of Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Zhi Yan Han
- Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERMU830 & SiRIC, Laboratory of Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | - Paul Freneaux
- Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Hospital, Department of Pathology, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Olivier Delattre
- Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERMU830 & SiRIC, Laboratory of Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France.,Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Hospital, Laboratory of Somatic Genetics, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERMU830 & SiRIC, Laboratory of Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France.,Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Institut Curie Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology- Adolescents and Young Adults, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
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16
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Beccaria K, Tauziède-Espariat A, Monnien F, Adle-Biassette H, Masliah-Planchon J, Pierron G, Maillot L, Polivka M, Laquerrière A, Bouillot-Eimer S, Gimbert E, Gauchotte G, Coffinet L, Sevestre H, Alapetite C, Bolle S, Thompson D, Bouazza S, George B, Zérah M, Sainte-Rose C, Puget S, Varlet P. Pediatric Chordomas: Results of a Multicentric Study of 40 Children and Proposal for a Histopathological Prognostic Grading System and New Therapeutic Strategies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018; 77:207-215. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Beccaria
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Franck Monnien
- Department of Pathology, Jean Minjoz Hospital, Besançon, France
| | | | | | - Gaëlle Pierron
- Department of Oncogenetics, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Polivka
- Department of Pathology, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Edouard Gimbert
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Laurent Coffinet
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Nancy Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Henri Sevestre
- Department of Pathology, Amiens Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Claire Alapetite
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Proton Centre, Institut Curie, Paris and Orsay, France
| | - Stéphanie Bolle
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Dominic Thompson
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Bernard George
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Michel Zérah
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christian Sainte-Rose
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Puget
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
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17
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Owosho AA, Zhang L, Rosenblum MK, Antonescu CR. High sensitivity of FISH analysis in detecting homozygous SMARCB1 deletions in poorly differentiated chordoma: a clinicopathologic and molecular study of nine cases. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 57:89-95. [PMID: 29119645 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Poorly differentiated chordomas (PDCs) represent a rare subset of notochordal neoplasms, affecting primarily children and associated with an aggressive outcome. In contrast to conventional chordomas, PDC show solid growth and increased cellularity, cytologic atypia, and mitotic activity. Recent studies have shown that PDCs are characterized by recurrent deletions encompassing the SMARCB1 locus, resulting in consistent loss of nuclear SMARCB1 expression. Thus PDC joined the expanding family of SMARCB1-deficient tumors characterized by various SMARCB1 structural abnormalities, ranging from large homozygous deletions to small intragenic mutations. In the present study, we investigate the SMARCB1 abnormalities in a group of nine well-characterized PDCs and to establish the sensitivity of the FISH method in detecting these changes in the clinical setting. We further assessed the pathologic features and clinical behavior of this cohort managed at our referral center over a 20-year period. The mean age at diagnosis was 10 years-of-age. All except one case occurred in the cranial region. All demonstrated strong nuclear expression of brachyury and loss of SMARCB1 expression. FISH identified homozygous SMARCB1 deletions in all except one case; additionally two cases revealed a heterozygous EWSR1 locus co-deletion. Clinical follow-up information was available in five patients. Two patients presented with distant metastases at initial diagnosis. Two of the three remaining patients with primary disease failed both locally and distantly after multimodality therapy. We conclude that PDCs are highly aggressive tumors and the dominant mechanism of loss of SMARCB1 expression is through large, homozygous SMARCB1 deletions that can be readily detected by FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adepitan A Owosho
- College of Dental Medicine, University of New England, Portland, Maine.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Marc K Rosenblum
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
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18
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Cha YJ, Hong CK, Kim DS, Lee SK, Park HJ, Kim SH. Poorly differentiated chordoma with loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression in pediatric patients: A report of two cases and review of the literature. Neuropathology 2017; 38:47-53. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Cha
- Department of Pathology; Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery; Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Kim
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery; Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Seung-Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Park
- Center for Pediatric Cancer; National Cancer Center; Goyang South Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
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19
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SMARCB1/INI1 Involvement in Pediatric Chordoma: A Mutational and Immunohistochemical Analysis. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:56-61. [PMID: 27635948 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chordomas arise in the skull base and spine and usually occur in adults and are rare in the pediatric population. Cases of chordoma in pediatric age are often poorly differentiated, showing cytologic atypia, increased cellularity, and mitosis, and their aggressive behavior is associated with a high incidence of metastatic spread and a short patient survival. Recent studies have described loss of SMARCB1/INI1 protein in poorly differentiated chordomas associated not with point mutations but with SMARCB1/INI1 gene deletions instead. In this study, we considered immunohistochemistry and SMARCB1/INI1 mutational status to examine SMARCB1 status in a series of pediatric chordomas (7 classic and 1 poorly differentiated). We performed immunohistochemical tests for INI1, brachyury, S100, and cytokeratins and conducted a genetic analysis on the SMARCB1 coding sequence (NM_003073) using the Sanger method and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification to detect abnormal copy numbers of the gene locus. All 8 cases were positive for brachyury, whereas there was no nuclear SMARCB1/INI1 expression in 4 of the 8 cases, including the poorly differentiated chordoma. Genetic analysis identified a missense mutation in 2 cases and a nonsense mutation associated with loss of SMARCB1/INI1 protein and features of poorly differentiated tumor in 1. These mutations were novel variants occurring in heterozygosity, and they were judged to be pathogenic by 3 different bioinformatic tools. In 7 of 8 cases we performed multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and 3 cases showed deletions at the SMARCB1 locus. Our results confirm the pathogenic involvement of SMARCB1/INI1 in childhood chordoma. We also describe 3 novel pathogenic mutations.
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20
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Dadone B, Fontaine D, Mondot L, Cristofari G, Jouvet A, Godfraind C, Varlet P, Ranchère‐Vince D, Coindre J, Gastaud L, Baudoin C, Peyron A, Thyss A, Coutts M, Michiels J, Pedeutour F, Burel‐Vandenbos F. Meningeal SWI/SNF related, matrix‐associated, actin‐dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1)‐deficient tumours: an emerging group of meningeal tumours. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2016; 43:433-449. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Dadone
- Central Laboratory of Pathology of Nice University Hospital France
- Laboratory of Solid Tumors Genetics Nice University Hospital France
| | - D. Fontaine
- Department of Neurosurgery Nice University Hospital France
| | - L. Mondot
- Department of Radiology Nice University Hospital France
| | - G. Cristofari
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN) CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081 University of Nice Sophia‐Antipolis Nice France
| | - A. Jouvet
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology Groupement Hospitalier Est Lyon Bron France
| | - C. Godfraind
- Department of Pathology University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - P. Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology Sainte‐Anne Hospital Paris France
| | | | - J.‐M. Coindre
- Department of Pathology Institut Bergonié Bordeaux France
| | - L. Gastaud
- Department of Oncology Centre Antoine Lacassagne Nice France
| | - C. Baudoin
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN) CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081 University of Nice Sophia‐Antipolis Nice France
| | - A.‐C. Peyron
- Laboratory of Solid Tumors Genetics Nice University Hospital France
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN) CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081 University of Nice Sophia‐Antipolis Nice France
| | - A. Thyss
- Department of Oncology Centre Antoine Lacassagne Nice France
| | - M. Coutts
- Department of Pathology West Kent Cancer Centre Maidstone UK
| | - J.‐F. Michiels
- Central Laboratory of Pathology of Nice University Hospital France
| | - F. Pedeutour
- Laboratory of Solid Tumors Genetics Nice University Hospital France
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN) CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081 University of Nice Sophia‐Antipolis Nice France
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21
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22
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Abstract
SMARCB1 is the core subunit of the SWI/sucrose non-fermenting ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complex located on the long arm of chromosome 22 (22q11.2). Since discovering genetic alterations of the SMARCB1 gene in malignant rhabdoid tumours, the family of tumours harbouring loss of SMARCB1 expression has been steadily expanding. In this review, we give a general overview of SMARCB1, its role in various cancers including germline mutations, association with genetic syndromes and role in future targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha N Kalimuthu
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Runjan Chetty
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Tauziède-Espariat A, Bresson D, Polivka M, Bouazza S, Labrousse F, Aronica E, Pretet JL, Projetti F, Herman P, Salle H, Monnien F, Valmary-Degano S, Laquerrière A, Pocard M, Chaigneau L, Isambert N, Aubriot-Lorton MH, Feuvret L, George B, Froelich S, Adle-Biassette H. Prognostic and Therapeutic Markers in Chordomas: A Study of 287 Tumors. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:111-20. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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