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Tauziède-Espariat A, Masliah-Planchon J, Andrianteranagna M, Sievers P, Sahm F, von Deimling A, Hasty L, Delattre O, Beccaria K, Métais A, Chrétien F, Varlet P, Bourdeaut F. Diagnostic accuracy of a minimal immunohistochemical panel in at/rt molecular subtyping, correlated to dna-methylation profiling. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:136. [PMID: 37605249 PMCID: PMC10440909 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arnault Tauziède-Espariat
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, Paris, 75014, France.
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Julien Masliah-Planchon
- Laboratory of Somatic Genetics, Institut Curie, PMDT, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mamy Andrianteranagna
- Research In Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Laboratory of Translationnal Research in Pediatric Oncology, Institut Curie Institute, SIREDO Center Care, INSERM U830, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Innovation, Paris, France
| | - Philipp Sievers
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lauren Hasty
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, Paris, 75014, France
| | | | - Kévin Beccaria
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, APHP, Necker Hospital, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Alice Métais
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Fabrice Chrétien
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, Paris, 75014, France
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, Paris, 75014, France
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- Research In Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Laboratory of Translationnal Research in Pediatric Oncology, Institut Curie Institute, SIREDO Center Care, INSERM U830, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Innovation, Paris, France
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Tauziède-Espariat A, Hasty L, Métais A, Varlet P. Mesenchymal non-meningothelial tumors of the central nervous system: a literature review and diagnostic update of novelties and emerging entities. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:22. [PMID: 36737790 PMCID: PMC9896826 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) now includes mesenchymal tumors that occur uniquely or frequently in the CNS. Moreover, this version has aligned the terminology of mesenchymal tumors with their soft tissue counterparts. New tumor types have been added, such as the "intracranial mesenchymal tumor, FET-CREB fusion-positive", the "CIC-rearranged sarcoma", and the "Primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1-mutant". Other entities (such as rhabdomyosarcoma) have remained in the current WHO classification because these tumor types may present specificities in the CNS as compared to their soft tissue counterparts. Based on an extensive literature review, herein, we will discuss these newly recognized entities in terms of clinical observation, radiology, histopathology, genetics and outcome, and consider strategies for an accurate diagnosis. In light of this literature analysis, we will also introduce some potentially novel tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnault Tauziède-Espariat
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France. .,Inserm, UMR 1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Lauren Hasty
- grid.414435.30000 0001 2200 9055Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France ,grid.512035.0Inserm, UMR 1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alice Métais
- grid.414435.30000 0001 2200 9055Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France ,grid.512035.0Inserm, UMR 1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- grid.414435.30000 0001 2200 9055Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France ,grid.512035.0Inserm, UMR 1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
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Métais A, Tauziède-Espariat A, Garcia J, Appay R, Uro-Coste E, Meyronet D, Maurage CA, Vandenbos F, Rigau V, Chiforeanu DC, Pallud J, Senova S, Saffroy R, Colin C, Edjlali M, Varlet P, Figarella-Branger D, Godfraind C, Gauchotte G, Mokhtari K, Bielle F, Escande F, Fina F. Clinico-pathological and epigenetic heterogeneity of diffuse gliomas with FGFR3::TACC3 fusion. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:14. [PMID: 36647073 PMCID: PMC9843943 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01506-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas with FGFR3::TACC3 fusion mainly occur in adults, display pathological features of glioblastomas (GB) and are usually classified as glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype. However, cases demonstrating pathological features of low-grade glioma (LGG) lead to difficulties in classification and clinical management. We report a series of 8 GB and 14 LGG with FGFR3:TACC3 fusion in order to better characterize them. METHODS Centralized pathological examination, search for TERT promoter mutation and DNA-methylation profiling were performed in all cases. Search for prognostic factors was done by the Kaplan-Meir method. RESULTS TERT promoter mutation was recorded in all GB and 6/14 LGG. Among the 7 cases with a methylation score > 0.9 in the classifier (v12.5), 2 were classified as glioblastoma, 4 as ganglioglioma (GG) and 1 as dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET). t-SNE analysis showed that the 22 cases clustered into three groups: one included 12 cases close to glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype methylation class (MC), 5 cases each clustered with GG or DNET MC but none with PLNTY MC. Unsupervised clustering analysis revealed four groups, two of them being clearly distinct: 5 cases shared age (< 40), pathological features of LGG, lack of TERT promoter mutation, FGFR3(Exon 17)::TACC3(Exon 10) fusion type and LGG MC. In contrast, 4 cases shared age (> 40), pathological features of glioblastoma, and were TERT-mutated. Relevant factors associated with a better prognosis were age < 40 and lack of TERT promoter mutation. CONCLUSION Among gliomas with FGFR3::TACC3 fusion, age, TERT promoter mutation, pathological features, DNA-methylation profiling and fusion subtype are of interest to determine patients' risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Métais
- GHU Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Site Sainte-Anne, service de Neuropathologie, Paris, France ,grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, INSERM, Equipe IMA-BRAIN (Imaging Biomarkers for Brain Development and Disorders), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Arnault Tauziède-Espariat
- GHU Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Site Sainte-Anne, service de Neuropathologie, Paris, France ,grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, INSERM, Equipe IMA-BRAIN (Imaging Biomarkers for Brain Development and Disorders), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jeremy Garcia
- grid.411266.60000 0001 0404 1115APHM, CHU Timone, Service d’Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Appay
- grid.411266.60000 0001 0404 1115APHM, CHU Timone, Service d’Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France ,grid.464051.20000 0004 0385 4984Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Uro-Coste
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Department of Pathology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - David Meyronet
- grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Groupe Hospitalier Est, Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France ,grid.462282.80000 0004 0384 0005Department of Cancer cell plasticity – INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claude-Alain Maurage
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Department of Pathology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Fanny Vandenbos
- grid.464719.90000 0004 0639 4696Department of Neuropathology, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - Valérie Rigau
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Department of Pathology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Dan Christian Chiforeanu
- grid.414271.5Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Johan Pallud
- grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, INSERM, Equipe IMA-BRAIN (Imaging Biomarkers for Brain Development and Disorders), Université de Paris, Paris, France ,Department of Neurosurgery, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Suhan Senova
- grid.50550.350000 0001 2175 4109Departments of Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Raphaël Saffroy
- grid.413133.70000 0001 0206 8146Department of Biochemistry and Oncogenetic, APHP, Paul-Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Carole Colin
- grid.464051.20000 0004 0385 4984Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Myriam Edjlali
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Department of Radiology, APHP, Hôpitaux Raymond-Poincaré and Ambroise Paré, DMU Smart Imaging, U 1179 UVSQ/Paris-Saclay, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France ,grid.503243.3Laboratoire d’imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- GHU Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Site Sainte-Anne, service de Neuropathologie, Paris, France ,grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, INSERM, Equipe IMA-BRAIN (Imaging Biomarkers for Brain Development and Disorders), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- grid.411266.60000 0001 0404 1115APHM, CHU Timone, Service d’Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France ,grid.464051.20000 0004 0385 4984Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
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Ahmad Z, Rahim S, Abdul-Ghafar J, Chundriger Q, Ud Din N. Events in CNS Tumor Pathology Post-2016 WHO CNS: cIMPACT-NOW Updates and Other Advancements: A Comprehensive Review Plus a Summary of the Salient Features of 2021 WHO CNS 5. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:107-127. [PMID: 36644568 PMCID: PMC9833325 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s394872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The 2016 World Health Organization Classification (WHO) of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) represented a major change. It recommended an "integrated diagnosis" comprising histologic and molecular information facilitating a more precise diagnosis of specific CNS tumors. Its goal was to provide greater diagnostic precision and reproducibility resulting in more clinical relevance and predictive value, ultimately leading to better patient care. Advances in molecular classification, mostly resulting from DNA methylation array profiling of CNS tumors, were occurring at a very rapid pace and required more rapid integration into clinical practice. Methods cIMPACT-NOW updates and other recent papers plus salient features of 2021 WHO CNS5 in this comprehensive write-up were reviewed. Results CNS tumor classification needs to be updated at a rapid pace and mechanisms put into place to guide diagnosticians and clinicians in the interim period if major changes in the classification of tumor types came to light. Recognizing the need to integrate these into clinical practice more rapidly and without inordinate delay, the International Society of Neuropathology (ISN) 2016 sponsored an initiative called cIMPACT-NOW. Discussion and/or Conclusion Goal of cIMPACT-NOW was to provide clarification regarding contentious issues arising in the wake of the 2016 WHO CNS update as well as report new advancements in molecular classification of CNS tumors and new tumor entities emerging as a result of these advancements. cIMPACT-NOW updates: It thus laid the foundation for the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of CNS tumors (2021 WHO CNS 5). We have discussed cIMPACT updates in detail in this review. In addition, molecular diagnostics including DNA methylation-based classification of CNS tumors and the practical use of molecular classification in the prognostication and treatment of CNS tumors is discussed. Finally, the salient features of the new CNS tumor classification are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shabina Rahim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan,Correspondence: Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan, Tel +93 792 827 287, Email
| | - Qurratulain Chundriger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Ud Din
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Appay R, Pages M, Colin C, Jones DTW, Varlet P, Figarella-Branger D. Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor: a double misnomer? A report of two cases. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:95. [PMID: 32605662 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) was introduced, for the first time, as a provisional entity in the 2016 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors. DLGNT mainly occur in children and characterized by a widespread leptomeningeal growth occasionally associated with intraspinal tumor nodules, an oligodendroglial-like cytology, glioneuronal differentiation and MAP-Kinase activation associated with either solitary 1p deletion or 1p/19q codeletion in the absence of IDH mutation. We report here two unexpected DLGNTs adult cases, characterized by a unique supratentorial circumscribed intraparenchymal tumor without leptomeningeal involvement in spite of long follow-up. In both cases, the diagnosis of DLGNT was made after DNA-methylation profiling which demonstrated that one case belonged to the DLGNT class whereas the other remained not classifiable but showed on CNV the characteristic genetic findings recorded in DLGNT. Both cases harbored 1p/19q codeletion associated with KIAA1549:BRAF fusion in one case and with BRAF V600E and PIK3CA E545A mutations, in the other. Our study enlarges the clinical and molecular spectrum of DLGNTs, and points out that the terminology of DLGNTs is not fully appropriate since some cases could have neither diffuse growth nor leptomeningeal dissemination. This suggests that DLGNTs encompass a wide spectrum of tumors that has yet to be fully clarified.
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Koelsche C, Mynarek M, Schrimpf D, Bertero L, Serrano J, Sahm F, Reuss DE, Hou Y, Baumhoer D, Vokuhl C, Flucke U, Petersen I, Brück W, Rutkowski S, Zambrano SC, Garcia Leon JL, Diaz Coronado RY, Gessler M, Tirado OM, Mora J, Alonso J, Garcia Del Muro X, Esteller M, Sturm D, Ecker J, Milde T, Pfister SM, Korshunov A, Snuderl M, Mechtersheimer G, Schüller U, Jones DTW, von Deimling A. Primary intracranial spindle cell sarcoma with rhabdomyosarcoma-like features share a highly distinct methylation profile and DICER1 mutations. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:327-337. [PMID: 29881993 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Patients with DICER1 predisposition syndrome have an increased risk to develop pleuropulmonary blastoma, cystic nephroma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and several other rare tumor entities. In this study, we identified 22 primary intracranial sarcomas, including 18 in pediatric patients, with a distinct methylation signature detected by array-based DNA-methylation profiling. In addition, two uterine rhabdomyosarcomas sharing identical features were identified. Gene panel sequencing of the 22 intracranial sarcomas revealed the almost unifying feature of DICER1 hotspot mutations (21/22; 95%) and a high frequency of co-occurring TP53 mutations (12/22; 55%). In addition, 17/22 (77%) sarcomas exhibited alterations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, most frequently affecting the mutational hotspots of KRAS (8/22; 36%) and mutations or deletions of NF1 (7/22; 32%), followed by mutations of FGFR4 (2/22; 9%), NRAS (2/22; 9%), and amplification of EGFR (1/22; 5%). A germline DICER1 mutation was detected in two of five cases with constitutional DNA available. Notably, none of the patients showed evidence of a cancer-related syndrome at the time of diagnosis. In contrast to the genetic findings, the morphological features of these tumors were less distinctive, although rhabdomyoblasts or rhabdomyoblast-like cells could retrospectively be detected in all cases. The identified combination of genetic events indicates a relationship between the intracranial tumors analyzed and DICER1 predisposition syndrome-associated sarcomas such as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma or the recently described group of anaplastic sarcomas of the kidney. However, the intracranial tumors in our series were initially interpreted to represent various tumor types, but rhabdomyosarcoma was not among the typical differential diagnoses considered. Given the rarity of intracranial sarcomas, this molecularly clearly defined group comprises a considerable fraction thereof. We therefore propose the designation "spindle cell sarcoma with rhabdomyosarcoma-like features, DICER1 mutant" for this intriguing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Koelsche
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Mynarek
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schrimpf
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luca Bertero
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jonathan Serrano
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David E Reuss
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yanghao Hou
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumour Reference Centre, Institute of Pathology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Vokuhl
- Department of Pediatric Pathology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Uta Flucke
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iver Petersen
- Institute of Pathology, SRH Poliklinik Gera GmbH, Gera, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rutkowski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Juan Luis Garcia Leon
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Clínica Anglo Americana, Lima, Peru
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Clínica Delgado, Lima, Peru
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), Lima, Peru
| | | | - Manfred Gessler
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oscar M Tirado
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Sarcoma Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Pediatric Solid Tumor Laboratory, Human Genetic Department, Research Institute of Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dominik Sturm
- Hopp Childrens Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Ecker
- Hopp Childrens Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Milde
- Hopp Childrens Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Childrens Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Gunhild Mechtersheimer
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Research Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Childrens Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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