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Sredni ST, Suzuki M, Yang JP, Topczewski J, Bailey AW, Gokirmak T, Gross JN, de Andrade A, Kondo A, Piper DR, Tomita T. A functional screening of the kinome identifies the Polo-like kinase 4 as a potential therapeutic target for malignant rhabdoid tumors, and possibly, other embryonal tumors of the brain. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 28398638 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are deadly embryonal tumors of the infancy. With poor survival and modest response to available therapies, more effective and less toxic treatments are needed. We hypothesized that a systematic screening of the kinome will reveal kinases that drive rhabdoid tumors and can be targeted by specific inhibitors. METHODS We individually mutated 160 kinases in a well-characterized rhabdoid tumor cell line (MON) using lentiviral clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9). The kinase that most significantly impaired cell growth was further validated. Its expression was evaluated by microarray gene expression (GE) within 111 pediatric tumors, and functional assays were performed. A small molecule inhibitor was tested in multiple rhabdoid tumor cell lines and its toxicity evaluated in zebrafish larvae. RESULTS The Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) was identified as the kinase that resulted in higher impairment of cell proliferation when mutated by CRISPR/Cas9. PLK4 CRISPR-mutated rhabdoid cells demonstrated significant decrease in proliferation, viability, and survival. GE showed upregulation of PLK4 in rhabdoid tumors and other embryonal tumors of the brain. The PLK4 inhibitor CFI-400945 showed cytotoxic effects on rhabdoid tumor cell lines while sparing non-neoplastic human fibroblasts and developing zebrafish larvae. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that rhabdoid tumor cell proliferation is highly dependent on PLK4 and suggest that targeting PLK4 with small-molecule inhibitors may hold a novel strategy for the treatment of MRT and possibly other embryonal tumors of the brain. This is the first time that PLK4 has been described as a potential target for both brain and pediatric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Treiger Sredni
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mario Suzuki
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jian-Ping Yang
- Research and Development, Biosciences Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, California
| | - Jacek Topczewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anders W Bailey
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tufan Gokirmak
- Research and Development, Biosciences Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, California
| | - Jeffrey N Gross
- Department of Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexandre de Andrade
- Research and Development, Biosciences Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, California
| | - Akihide Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David R Piper
- Research and Development, Biosciences Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, California
| | - Tadanori Tomita
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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XAB2 functions in mitotic cell cycle progression via transcriptional regulation of CENPE. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2409. [PMID: 27735937 PMCID: PMC5133980 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA)-binding protein 2 (XAB2) is a multi-functional protein that plays critical role in processes including transcription, transcription-coupled DNA repair, pre-mRNA splicing, homologous recombination and mRNA export. Microarray analysis on gene expression in XAB2 knockdown cells reveals that many genes with significant change in expression function in mitotic cell cycle regulation. Fluorescence-activated cell scanner analysis confirmed XAB2 depletion led to cell arrest in G2/M phase, mostly at prophase or prometaphase. Live cell imaging further disclosed that XAB2 knockdown induced severe mitotic defects including chromosome misalignment and defects in segregation, leading to mitotic arrest, mitotic catastrophe and subsequent cell death. Among top genes down-regulated by XAB2 depletion is mitotic motor protein centrosome-associated protein E (CENPE). Knockdown CENPE showed similar phenotypes to loss of XAB2, but CENPE knockdown followed by XAB2 depletion did not further enhance cell cycle arrest. Luciferase assay on CENPE promoter showed that overexpression of XAB2 increased luciferase activity, whereas XAB2 depletion resulted in striking reduction of luciferase activity. Further mapping revealed a region in CENPE promoter that is required for the transcriptional regulation by XAB2. Moreover, ChIP assay showed that XAB2 interacted with CENPE promoter. Together, these results support a novel function of XAB2 in mitotic cell cycle regulation, which is partially mediated by transcription regulation on CENPE.
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