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Wang YW, Chen CJ, Wang TC, Huang HC, Chen HM, Shih JY, Chen JS, Huang YS, Chang YC, Chang RF. Multi-energy level fusion for nodal metastasis classification of primary lung tumor on dual energy CT using deep learning. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:105185. [PMID: 34986453 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis also called nodal metastasis (Nmet), is a clinically primary task for physicians. The survival and recurrence of lung cancer are related to the Nmet staging from Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) reports. Furthermore, preoperative Nmet prediction is still a challenge for the patient in managing the surgical plan and making treatment decisions. We proposed a multi-energy level fusion model with a principal feature enhancement (PFE) block incorporating radiologist and computer science knowledge for Nmet prediction. The proposed model is custom-designed by gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) with different energy levels on dual-energy computer tomography (CT) from a primary tumor of lung cancer. In the experiment, we take three different energy level fusion datasets: lower energy level fusion (40, 50, 60, 70 keV), higher energy level fusion (110, 120, 130, 140 keV), and average energy level fusion (40, 70, 100, 140 keV). The proposed model is trained by lower energy level fusion that is 93% accurate and the value of Kappa is 86%. When we used the lower energy level images to train the fusion model, there has been a significant difference to other energy level fusion models. Hence, we apply 5-fold cross-validation, which is used to validate the performance result of the multi-keV model with different fusion datasets of energy level images in the pathology report. The cross-validation result also demonstrates that the model with the lower energy level dataset is more robust and suitable in predicting the Nmet of the primary tumor. The lower energy level shows more information of tumor angiogenesis or heterogeneity provided the proposed fusion model with a PFE block and channel attention blocks to predict Nmet from primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Wei Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Chen Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei City Hospital, Yangming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Cheng Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei City Hospital, Yangming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shing Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sen Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeun-Chung Chang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ruey-Feng Chang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wang YW, Chen CJ, Huang HC, Wang TC, Chen HM, Shih JY, Chen JS, Huang YS, Chang YC, Chang RF. Dual energy CT image prediction on primary tumor of lung cancer for nodal metastasis using deep learning. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2021; 91:101935. [PMID: 34090261 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2021.101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis (LNM) identification is the most clinically important tasks related to survival and recurrence from lung cancer. However, the preoperative prediction of nodal metastasis remains a challenge to determine surgical plans and pretreatment decisions in patients with cancers. We proposed a novel deep prediction method with a size-related damper block for nodal metastasis (Nmet) identification from the primary tumor in lung cancer generated by gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) dual-energy computer tomography (CT). The best model is the proposed method trained by the 40 keV dataset achieves an accuracy of 86 % and a Kappa value of 72 % for Nmet prediction. In the experiment, we have 11 different monochromatic images from 40∼140 keV (the interval is 10 keV) for each patient. When we used the model of 40 keV dataset, there has significant difference in other energy levels (unit of keV). Therefore, we apply in 5-fold cross-validation to explain the lower keV is more efficient to predict Nmet of the primary tumor. The result shows that tumor heterogeneity and size contributed to the proposed model to estimate whether absence or presence of nodal metastasis from the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Wei Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Cheng Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei City Hospital, Yangming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Chen Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei City Hospital, Yangming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shing Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sen Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeun-Chung Chang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ruey-Feng Chang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Shang JL, Ning SB, Chen YY, Chen TX, Zhang J. MDL-800, an allosteric activator of SIRT6, suppresses proliferation and enhances EGFR-TKIs therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:120-131. [PMID: 32541922 PMCID: PMC7921659 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a member of the sirtuin family, is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase that is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. SIRT6 is generally downregulated and linked to tumorigenesis in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), thus regarded as a promising therapeutic target of NSCLC. In this study, we investigated whether MDL-800, an allosteric activator of SIRT6, exerted antiproliferation effect against NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. We showed that MDL-800 increased SIRT6 deacetylase activity with an EC50 value of 11.0 ± 0.3 μM; MDL-800 (10-50 μM) induced dose-dependent deacetylation of histone H3 in 12 NSCLC cell lines. Treatment with MDL-800 dose dependently inhibited the proliferation of 12 NSCLC cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 21.5 to 34.5 μM. The antiproliferation effect of MDL-800 was significantly diminished by SIRT6 knockout. Treatment with MDL-800 induced remarkable cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in NSCLC HCC827 and PC9 cells. Furthermore, MDL-800 (25, 50 μM) enhanced the antiproliferation of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in osimertinib-resistant HCC827 and PC9 cells as well as in patient-derived primary tumor cells, and suppressed mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In HCC827 cell-derived xenograft nude mice, intraperitoneal administration of MDL-800 (80 mg · kg-1 · d-1, for 14 days) markedly suppressed the tumor growth, accompanied by enhanced SIRT6-dependent histone H3 deacetylation and decreased p-MEK and p-ERK in tumor tissues. Our results provide the pharmacological evidence for future clinical investigation of MDL-800 as a promising lead compound for NSCLC treatment alone or in combination with EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shao-Bo Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ying-Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tian-Xiang Chen
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Fu Z, Cao X, Liu L, Cao X, Cui Y, Li X, Quan M, Ren K, Chen A, Xu C, Qiu Y, Chen X, Wang Z, Cao J. Genistein inhibits lung cancer cell stem-like characteristics by modulating MnSOD and FoxM1 expression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2506-2515. [PMID: 32782570 PMCID: PMC7400602 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) promotes invasive and migratory activities by upregulating Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) expression. The present study investigated whether modulation of MnSOD and FoxM1 expression was responsible for the antitumor effects of genistein on cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) derived from non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). Spheroids prepared from H460 or A549 cells were defined as lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSLCs) and were treated with genistein. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to assess human lung fibroblast IMR-90 cell proliferation, as well as NSCLC H460 and A549 cell proliferation following treatment with genistein. MnSOD, FoxM1, cluster of differentiation (CD)133, CD44, BMI1 proto-oncogene, polycomb ring finger (Bmi1) and Nanog homeobox (Nanog) protein expression levels were examined via western blotting. The sphere formation assay was conducted to evaluate LCSLC self-renewal potential, and LSCLC migratory and invasive activities were analyzed using the wound healing and Transwell invasion assays, respectively. Knockdown and overexpression of MnSOD and FOXM1 via short hairpin-RNA or cDNA transfection were performed. The results indicated that genistein (80 and 100 µM) suppressed H460 and A549 cell viability compared with IMR-90 cells. Sub-cytotoxic concentrations of genistein (20 and 40 µM) inhibited sphere formation activity and decreased the protein expression levels of CD133, CD44, Bmi1 and Nanog in LCSLCs compared with the control group. Genistein also suppressed the migratory and invasive activities of LCSLCs compared with the control group. MnSOD and FoxM1 overexpression antagonized the effects of genistein (40 µM), whereas MnSOD and FoxM1 knockdown enhanced the inhibitory effects of genistein (20 µM) on CSLC characteristics of LCSLCs. Overall, the results suggested that genistein suppressed lung cancer cell CSLC characteristics by modulating MnSOD and FoxM1 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Fu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocheng Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen People's Hospital 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozheng Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen People's Hospital 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Yinghong Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Meifang Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Kaiqun Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - A Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yebei Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiangding Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Chauhan V, Sherman S, Said Z, Yauk CL, Stainforth R. A case example of a radiation-relevant adverse outcome pathway to lung cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:68-84. [PMID: 31846388 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1704913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) describe how a measurable sequence of key events, beginning from a molecular initiator, can lead to an adverse outcome of relevance to risk assessment. An AOP is modular by design, comprised of four main components: (1) a Molecular Initiating Event (MIE), (2) Key Events (KEs), (3) Key Event Relationships (KERs) and (4) an Adverse Outcome (AO). PURPOSE Here, we illustrate the utility of the AOP concept through a case example in the field of ionizing radiation, using the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Users' Handbook. This AOP defines a classic targeted response to a radiation insult with an AO of lung cancer that is relevant to radon gas exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS To build this AOP, over 500 papers were reviewed and categorized based on the modified Bradford-Hill Criteria. Data-rich key events from the MIE, to several measurable KEs and KERs related to DNA damage response/repair were identified. RESULTS The components for this AOP begin with direct deposition of energy as the MIE. Energy deposited into a cell can lead to multiple ionization events to targets such as DNA. This energy can damage DNA leading to double-strand breaks (DSBs) (KE1), this will initiate repair activation (KE2) in higher eukaryotes through mechanisms that are quick and efficient, but error-prone. If DSBs occur in regions of the DNA transcribing critical genes, then mutations (KE3) generated through faulty repair may alter the function of these genes or may cause chromosomal aberrations (KE4). This can impact cellular pathways such as cell growth, cell cycling and then cellular proliferation (KE5). This will form hyperplasia in lung cells, leading eventually to lung cancer (AO) induction and metastasis. The weight of evidence for the KERs was built using biological plausibility, incidence concordance, dose-response, time-response and essentiality studies. The uncertainties and inconsistencies surrounding this AOP are centered on dose-response relationships associated with dose, dose-rates and radiation quality. CONCLUSION Overall, the AOP framework provided an effective means to organize the scientific knowledge surrounding the KERs and identify those with strong dose-response relationships and those with inconsistencies. This case study is an example of how the AOP methodology can be applied to sources of radiation to help support areas of risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Chauhan
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Samantha Sherman
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Zakaria Said
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robert Stainforth
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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An X, Fu R, Ma P, Ma X, Fan D. Ginsenoside Rk1 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in lung squamous cell carcinoma by calcium signaling pathway. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25107-25118. [PMID: 35528653 PMCID: PMC9069870 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rk1 (Rk1) is a rare saponin extracted from Sun Ginseng (SG) and has been shown to have an anti-tumor effect; however, the potential role of its in lung squamous cell carcinoma remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative activity and involved mechanism of Rk1 against lung squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. First, MTT assay, cell colony formation assay and cell cycle assay showed that Rk1 effectively inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, and induced cell arrest at G1 phase. Following AV/PI staining, JC-10 staining, Western blot and immunohistochemistry indicated that Rk1 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. In addition, Rk1 induced ER stress, causing the release of Ca2+, resulting in intracellular calcium and mitochondrial calcium overload. Intracellular calcium overload activated the calpain-caspase-12 and calpain-caspase-7-PARP pathways, while mitochondrial calcium overload caused mitochondrial membrane potential reduced, and the release of cytochrome c. BAPTA-AM (Ca2+ scavengers) and calpeptin (calpain inhibitors) significantly attenuated Rk1-induced apoptosis. Moreover, Rk1 significantly inhibited the growth of SK-MES-1 xenograft tumors with low toxic side effects. In summary, this study for the first time demonstrated that Rk1 had significant antitumor effects against lung squamous cell carcinoma and great potential to serve as a novel anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xining An
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University 229 North Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China +86-29-8830-5118 +86-29-8830-5118
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University 229 North Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University 229 North Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University 229 North Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China +86-29-8830-5118 +86-29-8830-5118
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University 229 North Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University 229 North Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Pei Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University 229 North Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China +86-29-8830-5118 +86-29-8830-5118
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University 229 North Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University 229 North Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University 229 North Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China +86-29-8830-5118 +86-29-8830-5118
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University 229 North Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University 229 North Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University 229 North Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China +86-29-8830-5118 +86-29-8830-5118
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University 229 North Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University 229 North Taibai Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
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Yuan M, Xu LF, Zhang J, Kong SY, Wu M, Lao YZ, Zhou H, Zhang L, Xu H. SRC and MEK Co-inhibition Synergistically Enhances the Anti-tumor Effect in Both Non-small-cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Erlotinib-Resistant NSCLC. Front Oncol 2019; 9:586. [PMID: 31428570 PMCID: PMC6689998 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the predominant form of lung cancer, and it is regulated by a complex signal transduction network. Single-agent targeted therapy often results in acquired resistance, which leads to treatment failure. In this study, we demonstrated that a combination of the kinase inhibitors trametinib and bosutinib can synergistically suppress the growth of NSCLC by inhibiting both the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (SRC) pathways. The combination was profiled against a panel of 22 NSCLC cell lines, including one erlotinib-resistant cell line, and this combination was found to show synergistic effects against 16 cell lines. NSCLC cell lines (HCC827, HCC827-erlotinib-resistant, and H1650) were treated with trametinib, bosutinib, or a combination of these drugs. The drug combination inhibited colony formation and induced cell apoptosis. A mechanism study showed that the phosphorylation of multiple kinases in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in NSCLC was down-regulated. In addition, the combination significantly attenuated tumor growth of HCC827 xenografts with low toxicity. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for further study of the combination of MAPK and SRC pathway inhibitors in NSCLC, especially in the treatment of erlotinib-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Feng Xu
- Shanghai Chempartner Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yuan Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Lao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Xu K, Park D, Magis AT, Zhang J, Zhou W, Sica GL, Ramalingam SS, Curran WJ, Deng X. Small Molecule KRAS Agonist for Mutant KRAS Cancer Therapy. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:85. [PMID: 30971271 PMCID: PMC6456974 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer patients with KRAS mutation(s) have a poor prognosis due in part to the development of resistance to currently available therapeutic interventions. Development of a new class of anticancer agents that directly targets KRAS may provide a more attractive option for the treatment of KRAS-mutant lung cancer. Results Here we identified a small molecule KRAS agonist, KRA-533, that binds the GTP/GDP-binding pocket of KRAS. In vitro GDP/GTP exchange assay reveals that KRA-533 activates KRAS by preventing the cleavage of GTP into GDP, leading to the accumulation of GTP-KRAS, an active form of KRAS. Treatment of human lung cancer cells with KRA-533 resulted in increased KRAS activity and suppression of cell growth. Lung cancer cell lines with KRAS mutation were relatively more sensitive to KRA-533 than cell lines without KRAS mutation. Mutating one of the hydrogen-bonds among the KRA-533 binding amino acids in KRAS (mutant K117A) resulted in failure of KRAS to bind KRA-533. KRA-533 had no effect on the activity of K117A mutant KRAS, suggesting that KRA-533 binding to K117 is required for KRA-533 to enhance KRAS activity. Intriguingly, KRA-533-mediated KRAS activation not only promoted apoptosis but also autophagic cell death. In mutant KRAS lung cancer xenografts and genetically engineered mutant KRAS-driven lung cancer models, KRA-533 suppressed malignant growth without significant toxicity to normal tissues. Conclusions The development of this KRAS agonist as a new class of anticancer drug offers a potentially effective strategy for the treatment of lung cancer with KRAS mutation and/or mutant KRAS-driven lung cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-019-1012-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dongkyoo Park
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Gabriel L Sica
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Walter J Curran
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xingming Deng
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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9
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Gaydou V, Polette M, Gobinet C, Kileztky C, Angiboust JF, Birembaut P, Vuiblet V, Piot O. New insights into spectral histopathology: infrared-based scoring of tumour aggressiveness of squamous cell lung carcinomas. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4246-4258. [PMID: 31057753 PMCID: PMC6471539 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04320e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectral histopathology, based on infrared interrogation of tissue sections, proved a promising tool for helping pathologists in characterizing histological structures in a quantitative and automatic manner.
Spectral histopathology, based on infrared interrogation of tissue sections, proved a promising tool for helping pathologists in characterizing histological structures in a quantitative and automatic manner. In cancer diagnosis, the use of chemometric methods permits establishing numerical models able to detect cancer cells and to characterize their tissular environment. In this study, we focused on exploiting multivariate infrared data to score the tumour aggressiveness in preneoplastic lesions and squamous cell lung carcinomas. These lesions present a wide range of aggressive phenotypes; it is also possible to encounter cases with various degrees of aggressiveness within the same lesion. Implementing an infrared-based approach for a more precise histological determination of the tumour aggressiveness should arouse interest among pathologists with direct benefits for patient care. In this study, the methodology was developed from a set of samples including all degrees of tumour aggressiveness and by constructing a chain of data processing steps for an automated analysis of tissues currently manipulated in routine histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gaydou
- BioSpecT Unit , EA 7506 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , Pharmacy Department , 51 rue Cognacq-Jay , 51096 Reims , France .
| | - Myriam Polette
- INSERM UMR-S 1250 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , 45, rue Cognacq-Jay , 51092 Reims , France.,Biopathology Laboratory , Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Reims , 45 Rue Cognacq-Jay , 51092 Reims , France
| | - Cyril Gobinet
- BioSpecT Unit , EA 7506 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , Pharmacy Department , 51 rue Cognacq-Jay , 51096 Reims , France .
| | - Claire Kileztky
- INSERM UMR-S 1250 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , 45, rue Cognacq-Jay , 51092 Reims , France
| | - Jean-François Angiboust
- BioSpecT Unit , EA 7506 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , Pharmacy Department , 51 rue Cognacq-Jay , 51096 Reims , France .
| | - Philippe Birembaut
- INSERM UMR-S 1250 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , 45, rue Cognacq-Jay , 51092 Reims , France.,Biopathology Laboratory , Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Reims , 45 Rue Cognacq-Jay , 51092 Reims , France
| | - Vincent Vuiblet
- BioSpecT Unit , EA 7506 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , Pharmacy Department , 51 rue Cognacq-Jay , 51096 Reims , France . .,Biopathology Laboratory , Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Reims , 45 Rue Cognacq-Jay , 51092 Reims , France
| | - Olivier Piot
- BioSpecT Unit , EA 7506 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , Pharmacy Department , 51 rue Cognacq-Jay , 51096 Reims , France . .,Platform of Cellular and Tissular Imaging (PICT) , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , 51 rue Cognacq-Jay , 51096 Reims , France
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10
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Wang XG, Yuan NX, Li XP, Chen FF. TASK-1 induces gefitinib resistance by promoting cancer initiating cell formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:365-370. [PMID: 29387193 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiating cell (CIC) formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are pivotal events in lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis. They have been shown to occur in gefitinib resistance. Studying the molecular mechanisms of CICs, EMT and acquired gefitinib resistance will enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of the disease and offer novel targets for effective therapies. TWIK-related acid-sensitive K(+) (TASK-1) is expressed in a subset of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, where it promotes cell proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis. In the present study, TASK-1 was demonstrated to induce gefitinib resistance in the A549 NSCLC cell line. Overexpression of TASK-1 promoted the acquisition of CIC-like traits by A549 cells. CD133, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4) and Nanog have been suggested to be markers of CICs in lung cancer. It was demonstrated that overexpression of TASK-1 promoted CD133, OCT-4 and Nanog protein expression in A549 cells. Increased formation of stem cell-like populations results in EMT of cancer cells. The present study found that overexpression of TASK-1 promoted EMT of A549 cells. Thus, downregulation of TASK-1 may represent a novel strategy for EMT reversal, decreasing CIC-like traits and increasing gefitinib sensitivity of NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Guang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Na-Xin Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Peng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Fang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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11
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Liu J, Cho SN, Wu SP, Jin N, Moghaddam SJ, Gilbert JL, Wistuba I, DeMayo FJ. Mig-6 deficiency cooperates with oncogenic Kras to promote mouse lung tumorigenesis. Lung Cancer 2017; 112:47-56. [PMID: 29191600 PMCID: PMC5718380 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide and mutation activating KRAS is one of the most frequent mutations found in lung adenocarcinoma. Identifying regulators of KRAS may aid in the development of therapies to treat this disease. The mitogen-induced gene 6, MIG-6, is a small adaptor protein modulating signaling in cells to regulate the growth and differentiation in multiple tissues. Here, we investigated the role of Mig-6 in regulating adenocarcinoma progression in the lungs of genetically engineered mice with activation of Kras. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the CCSPCre mouse to specifically activate expression of the oncogenic KrasG12D in Club cells, we investigated the expression of Mig-6 in CCSPCreKrasG12D-induced lung tumors. To determine the role of Mig-6 in KrasG12D-induced lung tumorigenesis, Mig-6 was conditionally ablated in the Club cells by breeding Mig6f/f mice to CCSPCreKrasG12D mice, yielding CCSPCreMig-6d/dKrasG12D mice (Mig-6d/dKrasG12D). RESULTS We found that Mig-6 expression is decreased in CCSPCreKrasG12D-induced lung tumors. Ablation of Mig-6 in the KrasG12D background led to enhanced tumorigenesis and reduced life expectancy. During tumor progression, there was increased airway hyperplasia, a heightened inflammatory response, reduced apoptosis in KrasG12D mouse lungs, and an increase of total and phosphorylated ERBB4 protein levels. Mechanistically, Mig-6 deficiency attenuates the cell apoptosis of lung tumor expressing KRASG12D partially through activating the ErbB4 pathway. CONCLUSIONS In summary, Mig-6 deficiency promotes the development of KrasG12D-induced lung adenoma through reducing the cell apoptosis in KrasG12D mouse lungs partially by activating the ErbB4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sung-Nam Cho
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - San-Pin Wu
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nili Jin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer L Gilbert
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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12
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Youssef O, Knuuttila A, Piirilä P, Böhling T, Sarhadi V, Knuutila S. Presence of cancer-associated mutations in exhaled breath condensates of healthy individuals by next generation sequencing. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18166-18176. [PMID: 28199989 PMCID: PMC5392316 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a non-invasive source that can be used for studying different genetic alterations occurring in lung tissue. However, the low yield of DNA available from EBC has hampered the more detailed mutation analysis by conventional methods. We applied the more sensitive amplicon-based next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify cancer related mutations in DNA isolated from EBC. In order to apply any method for the purpose of mutation screening in cancer patients, it is important to clarify the incidence of these mutations in healthy individuals. Therefore, we studied mutations in hotspot regions of 22 cancer genes of 20 healthy, mainly non-smoker individuals, using AmpliSeq colon and lung cancer panel and sequenced on Ion PGM. In 15 individuals, we detected 35 missense mutations in TP53, KRAS, NRAS, SMAD4, MET, CTNNB1, PTEN, BRAF, DDR2, EGFR, PIK3CA, NOTCH1, FBXW7, FGFR3, and ERBB2: these have been earlier reported in different tumor tissues. Additionally, 106 novel mutations not reported previously were also detected. One healthy non-smoker subject had a KRAS G12D mutation in EBC DNA. Our results demonstrate that DNA from EBC of healthy subjects can reveal mutations that could represent very early neoplastic changes or alternatively a normal process of apoptosis eliminating damaged cells with mutations or altered genetic material. Further assessment is needed to determine if NGS analysis of EBC could be a screening method for high risk individuals such as smokers, where it could be applied in the early diagnosis of lung cancer and monitoring treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Youssef
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aija Knuuttila
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Piirilä
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, HUS-Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom Böhling
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virinder Sarhadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Knuutila
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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[Ru(pipe)(dppb)(bipy)]PF 6: A novel ruthenium complex that effectively inhibits ERK activation and cyclin D1 expression in A549 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 44:382-391. [PMID: 28774850 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most frequent type of cancer worldwide. In Brazil, only 14% of the patients diagnosed with lung cancer survived 5years in the last decades. Although improvements in the therapeutic approach, it is relevant to identify new chemotherapeutic agents. In this framework, ruthenium metal compounds emerge as a promising alternative to platinum-based compounds once they displayed lower cytotoxicity and more selectivity for tumor cells. The present study aimed to evaluate the antitumor potential of innovative ruthenium(II) complex, [Ru(pipe)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6 (PIPE) on A549 cells, which is derived from non-small cell lung cancer. Results demonstrated that PIPE effectively reduced the viability and proliferation rate of A549 cells. When PIPE was used at 9μM there was increase in G0/G1 cell population with concomitant reduction in frequency of cells in S-phase, indicating cell cycle arrest in G1/S transition. Antiproliferative activity of PIPE was associated to its ability of reducing cyclin D1 expression and ERK phosphorylation levels. Cytotoxic activity of PIPE on A549 cells was observed when PIPE was used at 18μM, which was associated to its ability of inducing apoptosis by intrinsic pathway. Taken together, the data demonstrated that PIPE is a promising antitumor agent and further in vivo studies should be performed.
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14
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Tunc D, Dere E, Karakas D, Cevatemre B, Yilmaz VT, Ulukaya E. Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the combination of palladium (II) 5,5-diethylbarbiturate complex with bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine and curcumin on non small lung cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1717-1723. [PMID: 28187956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metal-based chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin are widely used treatment of lung cancer which is the major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Recent studies demonstrated that novel metal-based compounds have strong cytotoxic activity in a similar way as cisplatin. Therefore, metal-based compounds have been synthesized and investigated in order to determine their cytotoxic activities. It has been also reported curcumin, which has been derived from turmeric plant, has powerful cytotoxic effect on various cancer cell lines. In the light of these data, it has been investigated the cytotoxic effects of combination of curcumin (0.78-100μM) and palladium (II) 5,5-diethylbarbiturate complex with bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine [Pd(II) complex] (0.39-50μM) against non small lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H1299. It has been found that combination of Pd(II) complex and curcumin enhanced the cytotoxic activity and apoptotic cell death at 48h, compared to single use of each agent, only in H1299 cell line (combination index <1). Apoptosis was evident by annexin v staining positivity, increased caspase 3/7 activity and the presence of pyknotic nuclei. Pro-apoptotic genes of TNFRSF10A and HRK were found to be involved in apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, the application of this combination may be regarded as a novel and effective approach for the treatment of lung cancer due to its promising cytotoxic and apoptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Tunc
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Egemen Dere
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Didem Karakas
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Buse Cevatemre
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Veysel Turan Yilmaz
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Istinye University, Faculty of Medical School, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
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15
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Wang D, Pham NA, Tong J, Sakashita S, Allo G, Kim L, Yanagawa N, Raghavan V, Wei Y, To C, Trinh QM, Starmans MHW, Chan-Seng-Yue MA, Chadwick D, Li L, Zhu CQ, Liu N, Li M, Lee S, Ignatchenko V, Strumpf D, Taylor P, Moghal N, Liu G, Boutros PC, Kislinger T, Pintilie M, Jurisica I, Shepherd FA, McPherson JD, Muthuswamy L, Moran MF, Tsao MS. Molecular heterogeneity of non-small cell lung carcinoma patient-derived xenografts closely reflect their primary tumors. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:662-673. [PMID: 27750381 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Availability of lung cancer models that closely mimic human tumors remains a significant gap in cancer research, as tumor cell lines and mouse models may not recapitulate the spectrum of lung cancer heterogeneity seen in patients. We aimed to establish a patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) resource from surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Fresh tumor tissue from surgical resection was implanted and grown in the subcutaneous pocket of non-obese severe combined immune deficient (NOD SCID) gamma mice. Subsequent passages were in NOD SCID mice. A subset of matched patient and PDX tumors and non-neoplastic lung tissues were profiled by whole exome sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and methylation arrays, and phosphotyrosine (pY)-proteome by mass spectrometry. The data were compared to published NSCLC datasets of NSCLC primary and cell lines. 127 stable PDXs were established from 441 lung carcinomas representing all major histological subtypes: 52 adenocarcinomas, 62 squamous cell carcinomas, one adeno-squamous carcinoma, five sarcomatoid carcinomas, five large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and two small cell lung cancers. Somatic mutations, gene copy number and expression profiles, and pY-proteome landscape of 36 PDXs showed greater similarity with patient tumors than with established cell lines. Novel somatic mutations on cancer associated genes were identified but only in PDXs, likely due to selective clonal growth in the PDXs that allows detection of these low allelic frequency mutations. The results provide the strongest evidence yet that PDXs established from lung cancers closely mimic the characteristics of patient primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, S1O 2HQ
| | - Nhu-An Pham
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiefei Tong
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shingo Sakashita
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ghassan Allo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lucia Kim
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naoki Yanagawa
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vibha Raghavan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuhong Wei
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine To
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Quang M Trinh
- Ontario Institute of Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Dianne Chadwick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lei Li
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chang-Qi Zhu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ni Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ming Li
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sharon Lee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Dan Strumpf
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Taylor
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nadeem Moghal
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melania Pintilie
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Frances A Shepherd
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John D McPherson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lakshmi Muthuswamy
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael F Moran
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Aztopal N, Cevatemre B, Sarimahmut M, Ari F, Dere E, Ozel MZ, Firat M, Ulukaya E. Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew induces apoptosis without PARP or cytokeratin 18 cleavage in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1429-1437. [PMID: 27446448 PMCID: PMC4950832 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelargonium species have various uses in folk medicine as traditional remedies, and several of them have been screened for their biological activity, including anticancer. Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew (P. quercetorum) is traditionally used for its anthelminthic activity. However, little is known about its biological activity or its effect on cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of P. quercetorum extract on lung cancer cell lines with varying properties. Following the analyses of its chemical composition, the cytotoxic activity was screened by the adenosine triphosphate viability test. M30-Apoptosense® and M65 EpiDeath® enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the cell death mode (apoptosis vs. necrosis). For apoptosis, additional methods, including Annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and Hoechst 33342 staining, were employed. The cleavage of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was assayed by western blotting to further dissect the apoptosis mechanism. The methanol extract of P. quercetorum caused cytotoxic activity in a dose-dependent manner. The mode of cell death was apoptosis, as evidenced by the positive staining of the cells for Annexin-V-FITC and the presence of pyknotic nuclei. Notably, neither PARP cleavage nor cytokeratin 18 fragmentation were observed. P.quercetorum caused cell death by an apoptosis mechanism that is slightly different from classical apoptosis. Therefore, future in vivo experiments are required for further understanding of the effect of this plant on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlihan Aztopal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Buse Cevatemre
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sarimahmut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Egemen Dere
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Firat
- Department of Biology, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65080, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
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17
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Nicoś M, Krawczyk P, Jarosz B, Sawicki M, Michnar M, Trojanowski T, Milanowski J. Sensitive methods for screening of the MEK1 gene mutations in patients with central nervous system metastases of non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 18:1039-43. [PMID: 26860843 PMCID: PMC5018022 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-016-1483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitogen-activated protein kinases 1 and 2 (MEK1, MEK2) are fundamental partners in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway that is involved in regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Downregulation of the MEK cascades has been implicated in acquiring of the malignant phenotype in various cancers. Somatic mutations in MEK1 gene (substitutions K57N, Q56P, D67N) were described in <1 % of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and they were more commonly reported in adenocarcinoma patients with current or former smoking status. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the following study, we assessed the MEK1 gene mutations in 145 FFPE tissue samples from central nervous system (CNS) metastases of NSCLC using HRM-PCR and ASP-qPCR techniques. The studied group was heterogeneous in terms of histopathology and smoking status. The prevalence of the MEK1 gene mutation was correlated with the occurrence of mutations in KRAS, EGFR, DDR2, PIK3CA, NRAS, HER2, AKT1 and PTEN genes. RESULTS Using HRM and ASP-qPCR methods we identified one (0.7 %; 1/145) MEK1 substitution (Q56P) in CNS metastases of NSCLC. The mutation was identified in a single, 50-year-old, current smoking men with adenocarcinoma (1.25 %; 1/80 of all adenocarcinomas). CONCLUSIONS According to the current knowledge, the incidence of MEK1 gene mutation in CNS metastatic lesion of NSCLC is the first such report worldwide. The analysis of gene profile in cancer patients may extend the scope of molecularly targeted therapies used both in patients with primary and metastatic tumors of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nicoś
- Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954, Lubin, Poland. .,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - P Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954, Lubin, Poland
| | - B Jarosz
- Pathological Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954, Lubin, Poland
| | - M Sawicki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954, Lubin, Poland
| | - M Michnar
- Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954, Lubin, Poland
| | - T Trojanowski
- Pathological Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954, Lubin, Poland
| | - J Milanowski
- Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954, Lubin, Poland
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18
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Lu L, Luo F, Liu Y, Liu X, Shi L, Lu X, Liu Q. Posttranscriptional silencing of the lncRNA MALAT1 by miR-217 inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition via enhancer of zeste homolog 2 in the malignant transformation of HBE cells induced by cigarette smoke extract. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:276-85. [PMID: 26415832 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is regarded as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and cigarette smoking is one of the strongest risk factors for the development of lung cancer. However, the mechanisms for cigarette smoke-induced lung carcinogenesis remain unclear. The present study investigated the effects of an miRNA (miR-217) on levels of an lncRNA (MALAT1) and examined the role of these factors in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. In these cells, CSE caused decreases of miR-217 levels and increases in lncRNA MALAT1 levels. Over-expression of miR-217 with a mimic attenuated the CSE-induced increase of MALAT1 levels, and reduction of miR-217 levels by an inhibitor enhanced expression of MALAT1. Moreover, the CSE-induced increase of MALAT1 expression was blocked by an miR-217 mimic, indicating that miR-217 negatively regulates MALAT1 expression. Knockdown of MALAT1 reversed CSE-induced increases of EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) and H3K27me3 levels. In addition to the alteration from epithelial to spindle-like mesenchymal morphology, chronic exposure of HBE cells to CSE increased the levels of EZH2, H3K27me3, vimentin, and N-cadherin and decreased E-cadherin levels, effects that were reversed by MALAT1 siRNA or EZH2 siRNA. The results indicate that miR-217 regulation of EZH2/H3K27me3 via MALAT1 is involved in CSE-induced EMT and malignant transformation of HBE cells. The posttranscriptional silencing of MALAT1 by miR-217 provides a link, through EZH2, between ncRNAs and the EMT and establishes a mechanism for CSE-induced lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Luo
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlu Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Shi
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Blumenschein GR, Smit EF, Planchard D, Kim DW, Cadranel J, De Pas T, Dunphy F, Udud K, Ahn MJ, Hanna NH, Kim JH, Mazieres J, Kim SW, Baas P, Rappold E, Redhu S, Puski A, Wu FS, Jänne PA. A randomized phase II study of the MEK1/MEK2 inhibitor trametinib (GSK1120212) compared with docetaxel in KRAS-mutant advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)†. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:894-901. [PMID: 25722381 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KRAS mutations are detected in 25% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and no targeted therapies are approved for this subset population. Trametinib, a selective allosteric inhibitor of MEK1/MEK2, demonstrated preclinical and clinical activity in KRAS-mutant NSCLC. We report a phase II trial comparing trametinib with docetaxel in patients with advanced KRAS-mutant NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients with histologically confirmed KRAS-mutant NSCLC previously treated with one prior platinum-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned in a ratio of 2 : 1 to trametinib (2 mg orally once daily) or docetaxel (75 mg/m(2) i.v. every 3 weeks). Crossover to the other arm after disease progression was allowed. Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). The study was prematurely terminated after the interim analysis of 92 PFS events, which showed the comparison of trametinib versus docetaxel for PFS crossed the futility boundary. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-nine patients with KRAS-mutant NSCLC were randomized; of which, 86 patients received trametinib and 43 received docetaxel. Median PFS was 12 weeks in the trametinib arm and 11 weeks in the docetaxel arm (hazard ratio [HR] 1.14; 95% CI 0.75-1.75; P = 0.5197). Median overall survival, while the data are immature, was 8 months in the trametinib arm and was not reached in the docetaxel arm (HR 0.97; 95% CI 0.52-1.83; P = 0.934). There were 10 (12%) partial responses (PRs) in the trametinib arm and 5 (12%) PRs in the docetaxel arm (P = 1.0000). The most frequent adverse events (AEs) in ≥20% of trametinib patients were rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. The most frequent grade 3 treatment-related AEs in the trametinib arm were hypertension, rash, diarrhea, and asthenia. CONCLUSION Trametinib showed similar PFS and a response rate as docetaxel in patients with previously treated KRAS-mutant-positive NSCLC. CLINICALTRIALSGOV REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01362296.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Blumenschein
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, USA.
| | - E F Smit
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Vrije Universiteit VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Planchard
- Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy (GR), Villejuif, France
| | - D-W Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Cadranel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - T De Pas
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - F Dunphy
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - K Udud
- Korányi National Institute of Tuberculosis and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M-J Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N H Hanna
- IU Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, USA
| | - J-H Kim
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Mazieres
- Hopital Larrey CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - S-W Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - P Baas
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - S Redhu
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - A Puski
- GlaxoSmithKline Kft., Budapest, Hungary
| | - F S Wu
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - P A Jänne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
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20
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Singh CR, Kathiresan K. Effect of cigarette smoking on human health and promising remedy by mangroves. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(15)30337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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21
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Harada M, Kotake Y, Ohhata T, Kitagawa K, Niida H, Matsuura S, Funai K, Sugimura H, Suda T, Kitagawa M. YB-1 promotes transcription of cyclin D1 in human non-small-cell lung cancers. Genes Cells 2014; 19:504-16. [PMID: 24774443 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1, an oncogenic G1 cyclin, and YB-1, a transcription factor involved in cell growth, are both over-expressed in several human cancers. In human lung cancer, the functional association between YB-1 and cyclin D1 has never been elucidated. In this study, we show YB-1 is involved in the transcription of cyclin D1 in human lung cancer. Depletion of endogenous YB-1 by siRNA inhibited progression of G1 phase and down-regulated both the protein and mRNA levels of cyclin D1 in human lung cancer cells. Forced over-expression of YB-1 with a cyclin D1 reporter plasmid increased luciferase activity, and ChIP assay results showed YB-1 bound to the cyclin D1 promoter. Moreover, the amount of YB-1 mRNA positively correlated with cyclin D1 mRNA levels in clinical non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis also indicated YB-1 expression correlated with cyclin D1 expression in NSCLC specimens. In addition, most of the cases expressing both cyclin D1 and CDC6, another molecule controlled by YB-1, had co-existing YB-1 over-expression. Together, our results suggest that aberrant expression of both cyclin D1 and CDC6 by YB-1 over-expression may collaboratively participate in lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
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Heavey S, O’Byrne KJ, Gately K. Strategies for co-targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in NSCLC. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:445-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Hsiao SH, Lin SE, Chou YT, Wang JL, Chung CL, Yu MC, Fang CL, Lee HL, Chiang LL, Liu HE, Wu CW. Histological subtype and smoking status, but not gender, are associated with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2013; 2:252-258. [PMID: 24649342 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2013.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) commonly occur in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients characterized by female gender, never-smoker status and adenocarcinoma histology. The aim of this study was to determine whether gender is a confounding factor for EGFR mutations in NSCLC. To elucidate the confounding effect, Pearson's χ2 test and logistic regression models were used to correlate these characteristics with EGFR mutations in 426 NSCLC patients treated at our institutes. Of those 426 NSCLC patients, 47% were females, 57% were non-smokers and 84% had adenocarcinomas. The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that never-smoker status [odds ratio (OR)=3.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.99-6.13; P<0.001)] and adenocarcinoma (OR=9.43, 95% CI 3.62-24.56; P<0.001) were associated with EGFR mutations; however, gender was not (OR=1.25, 95% CI: 0.73-2.15; P=0.416). Furthermore, gender was not associated with EGFR mutation subtypes (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 0.56-2.50; P=0.650). The frequency of EGFR mutations among females and males was not different in non-smokers (64.8 vs. 55.8%, P=0.204) or ever-smokers (27.8 vs. 24.2%, P=0.775). Therefore, if the assessment for EGFR mutation status was limited to non-smoking females with adenocarcinoma, up to 40% of the patients harboring EGFR mutations would be precluded from the benefit of EGFR inhibitor therapy. Our results indicated that gender is a confounding factor for EGFR mutations in NSCLC and suggested that gender may not be associated with tumorigenesis in NSCLC-harboring EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsin Hsiao
- Molecular Medicine Program, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. ; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sey-En Lin
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jinn-Li Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. ; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Li Chung
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. ; School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Chih Yu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Lang Fang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Lun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ling-Ling Chiang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - H Eugene Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. ; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Wen Wu
- Molecular Medicine Program, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. ; Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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24
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Sun SY. Impact of genetic alterations on mTOR-targeted cancer therapy. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2013; 32:270-4. [PMID: 23489586 PMCID: PMC3845552 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.013.10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapamycin and its derivatives (rapalogs), a group of allosteric inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), have been actively tested in a variety of cancer clinical trials, and some have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of certain types of cancers. However, the single agent activity of these compounds in many tumor types remains modest. The mTOR axis is regulated by multiple upstream signaling pathways. Because the genes (e.g., PIK3CA, KRAS, PTEN, and LKB1) that encode key components in these signaling pathways are frequently mutated in human cancers, a subset of cancer types may be addicted to a given mutation, leading to hyperactivation of the mTOR axis. Thus, efforts have been made to demonstrate the potential impact of genetic alterations on rapalog-based or mTOR-targeted cancer therapy. This review will primarily summarize research advances in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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25
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A clinical model to estimate the pretest probability of lung cancer, based on 1198 pedigrees in China. J Thorac Oncol 2013; 7:1534-40. [PMID: 22982654 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3182641b82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Computed tomography screening can detect lung cancer that is curable. However, some studies demonstrated that the risk for false-positives was about 50%. To make screening more efficient, we sought to create a forecasting model for individuals with different risks for lung cancer. METHODS We used multiple logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors and to develop a prediction model. The pathological diagnoses in Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute were consecutively chosen as probands. All first-degree relatives of probands and their spouses were included as subjects. We divided the probands and their spouses into three subgroups according to the odds ratios (ORs), and the accuracy of lung cancer predictions for patients within the subgroups increased synchronously. RESULTS There were 633 proband pedigrees and 565 spouse pedigrees. Independent predictors of lung cancer included sex (OR, 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-2.3), smoking history (light smoker: OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.7-1.8; heavy smoker: OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 3.1-7.1), lung disease history (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.8-10.0), occupational exposure (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2), and number of affected individuals among first-degree relatives (n = 1: OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-3.4; n ≥ 2: OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 0.5-41.2). The accuracy of the pretest probability increased for those with higher ORs: low-OR subgroup, 68.3%; mid-OR subgroup, 84.0%; and high-OR subgroup, 91.9%. CONCLUSIONS Our prediction rule is recommended for estimating the pretest probability of lung cancer, thereby facilitating early screening.
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Burel-Vandenbos F, Ambrosetti D, Coutts M, Pedeutour F. EGFR mutation status in brain metastases of non-small cell lung carcinoma. J Neurooncol 2012; 111:1-10. [PMID: 23086434 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-0990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases are a frequent and grave complication of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The prognosis is generally poor, despite standard therapy based on surgery and radiotherapy. A degree of understanding of the molecular basis of tumors has led to the development of targeted agents with promising initial findings for the treatment of NSCLC. EGFR mutations have been identified which are associated with significant sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and correlate with improved outcome in patients with NSCLC who are treated with these agents. The adoption of treatment tailored to the genetic make-up of individual tumors could lead to substantial therapeutic improvements, and such targeted therapy might be considered as a therapeutic option for brain metastases in the future. We review current knowledge about EGFR mutation status in the specific context of brain metastasis: its association with the response of brain metastases to TKI, its prevalence in brain metastases, and the correlation between mutation status in metastases as compared to the corresponding primary lung carcinoma.
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Ren H, Chen M, Yue P, Tao H, Owonikoko TK, Ramalingam SS, Khuri FR, Sun SY. The combination of RAD001 and NVP-BKM120 synergistically inhibits the growth of lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2012; 325:139-46. [PMID: 22781393 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on determining whether the combination of NYP-BKM120 (BKM120) and RAD001 exerts enhanced therapeutic effect against lung cancer. The combination of BKM120 and RAD001 exerted synergistic inhibitory effects on the growth of lung cancer cells both in culture and in mouse xenograft model. This combination abrogated RAD001-induced Akt phosphorylation and exerted enhanced suppressive effect on 4EBP1 phosphorylation. Collectively, we suggest that the combination of RAD001 and BKM120 may be an effective regimen for treatment of lung cancer, hence warranting further evaluation of the combination in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ren
- Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, PR China
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Jin HO, Hong SE, Woo SH, Lee JH, Choe TB, Kim EK, Noh WC, Lee JK, Hong SI, Kim JI, Park IC. Silencing of Twist1 sensitizes NSCLC cells to cisplatin via AMPK-activated mTOR inhibition. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e319. [PMID: 22673193 PMCID: PMC3388235 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Twist1 is highly expressed in primary and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and thus acts as a critical target for lung cancer chemotherapy. In the current study, we investigated the underlying mechanism initiated by silencing of Twist1 that sensitizes NSCLC cells to cisplatin. Silencing of Twist1 triggered ATP depletion, leading to AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition in NSCLC cells. AMPK-induced mTOR inhibition, in turn, resulted in downregulation of ribosome protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) activity. Downregulation of mTOR/S6K1 reduced Mcl-1 protein expression, consequently promoting sensitization to cisplatin. Overexpression of Mcl-1 reduced PARP cleavage induced by cisplatin and Twist1 siRNA, suggesting that this sensitization is controlled through Mcl-1 expression. Interestingly, cells treated with Twist1 siRNA displayed upregulation of p21(Waf1/CIP1), and suppression of p21(Waf1/CIP1) with specific siRNA further enhanced the cell death response to cisplatin/Twist1 siRNA. In conclusion, silencing of Twist1 sensitizes lung cancer cells to cisplatin via stimulating AMPK-induced mTOR inhibition, leading to a reduction in Mcl-1 protein. To our knowledge, this is the first report to provide a rationale for the implication of cross-linking between Twist1 and mTOR signaling in resistance of NSCLC to anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-O Jin
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - S-E Hong
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Seoul Women's University, 126 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-774, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Woo
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University, College of Medicine, 1-19 Mukjeong-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-380, Republic of Korea
| | - T-B Choe
- Department of Microbiological Engineering, Kon-Kuk University, 120 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - E-K Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - W-C Noh
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - J-K Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-709, Republic of Korea
| | - S-I Hong
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-709, Republic of Korea
| | - J-I Kim
- Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Seoul Women's University, 126 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-774, Republic of Korea
| | - I-C Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
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Witt BL, Wallander ML, Layfield LJ, Hirschowitz S. Respiratory cytology in the era of molecular diagnostics: A review. Diagn Cytopathol 2012; 40:556-63. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.22858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Synthesis, reactions with DNA, and antitumor activity of platinum complexes with aminonitroxyl radicals. Russ Chem Bull 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-011-0200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Aberle DR, Adams AM, Berg CD, Black WC, Clapp JD, Fagerstrom RM, Gareen IF, Gatsonis C, Marcus PM, Sicks JD. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:395-409. [PMID: 21714641 PMCID: PMC4356534 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6951] [Impact Index Per Article: 534.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aggressive and heterogeneous nature of lung cancer has thwarted efforts to reduce mortality from this cancer through the use of screening. The advent of low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) altered the landscape of lung-cancer screening, with studies indicating that low-dose CT detects many tumors at early stages. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) was conducted to determine whether screening with low-dose CT could reduce mortality from lung cancer. METHODS From August 2002 through April 2004, we enrolled 53,454 persons at high risk for lung cancer at 33 U.S. medical centers. Participants were randomly assigned to undergo three annual screenings with either low-dose CT (26,722 participants) or single-view posteroanterior chest radiography (26,732). Data were collected on cases of lung cancer and deaths from lung cancer that occurred through December 31, 2009. RESULTS The rate of adherence to screening was more than 90%. The rate of positive screening tests was 24.2% with low-dose CT and 6.9% with radiography over all three rounds. A total of 96.4% of the positive screening results in the low-dose CT group and 94.5% in the radiography group were false positive results. The incidence of lung cancer was 645 cases per 100,000 person-years (1060 cancers) in the low-dose CT group, as compared with 572 cases per 100,000 person-years (941 cancers) in the radiography group (rate ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.23). There were 247 deaths from lung cancer per 100,000 person-years in the low-dose CT group and 309 deaths per 100,000 person-years in the radiography group, representing a relative reduction in mortality from lung cancer with low-dose CT screening of 20.0% (95% CI, 6.8 to 26.7; P=0.004). The rate of death from any cause was reduced in the low-dose CT group, as compared with the radiography group, by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2 to 13.6; P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Screening with the use of low-dose CT reduces mortality from lung cancer. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute; National Lung Screening Trial ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00047385.).
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Wykosky J, Fenton T, Furnari F, Cavenee WK. Therapeutic targeting of epidermal growth factor receptor in human cancer: successes and limitations. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2011; 30:5-12. [PMID: 21192840 PMCID: PMC3359794 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.010.10542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most commonly altered genes in human cancer by way of over-expression, amplification, and mutation. Targeted inhibition of EGFR activity suppresses signal transduction pathways which control tumor cell growth, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies are among the most common EGFR-targeting agents and have been used clinically for treating various malignancies. This review discusses the successes and challenges of targeting EGFR in human cancer. The genetic alterations of EGFR tend to occur more often in some solid tumors than others, as do the mechanisms of resistance to targeted inhibition. The clinical and basic science experiences with these agents thus far have important implications for the future of therapeutic targeting of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Wykosky
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0660, USA;
| | - Tim Fenton
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0660, USA;
| | - Frank Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0660, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0660, USA.
| | - Webster K. Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0660, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0660, USA.
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