1
|
Kukal S, Thakran S, Kanojia N, Yadav S, Mishra MK, Guin D, Singh P, Kukreti R. Genic-intergenic polymorphisms of CYP1A genes and their clinical impact. Gene 2023; 857:147171. [PMID: 36623673 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The humancytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) subfamily genes, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, encoding monooxygenases are critically involved in biotransformation of key endogenous substrates (estradiol, arachidonic acid, cholesterol) and exogenous compounds (smoke constituents, carcinogens, caffeine, therapeutic drugs). This suggests their significant involvement in multiple biological pathways with a primary role of maintaining endogenous homeostasis and xenobiotic detoxification. Large interindividual variability exist in CYP1A gene expression and/or catalytic activity of the enzyme, which is primarily due to the existence of polymorphic alleles which encode them. These polymorphisms (mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) have been extensively studied as susceptibility factors in a spectrum of clinical phenotypes. An in-depth understanding of the effects of polymorphic CYP1A genes on the differential metabolic activity and the resulting biological pathways is needed to explain the clinical implications of CYP1A polymorphisms. The present review is intended to provide an integrated understanding of CYP1A metabolic activity with unique substrate specificity and their involvement in physiological and pathophysiological roles. The article further emphasizes on the impact of widely studied CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 SNPs and their complex interaction with non-genetic factors like smoking and caffeine intake on multiple clinical phenotypes. Finally, we attempted to discuss the alterations in metabolism/physiology concerning the polymorphic CYP1A genes, which may underlie the reported clinical associations. This knowledge may provide insights into the disease pathogenesis, risk stratification, response to therapy and potential drug targets for individuals with certain CYP1A genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sarita Thakran
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saroj Yadav
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rehman MYA, Taqi MM, Hussain I, Nasir J, Rizvi SHH, Syed JH. Elevated exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may trigger cancers in Pakistan: an environmental, occupational, and genetic perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:42405-42423. [PMID: 32875453 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic compounds which are emitted through incomplete combustion of organic materials, fossil fuels, consumption of processed meat, smoked food, and from various industrial activities. High molecular mass and mobility make PAHs widespread and lethal for human health. A cellular system in human detoxifies these toxicants through specialized enzymatic machinery called xenobiotic-metabolizing (CYP450) and phase-II (GSTs) enzymes (XMEs). These metabolizing enzymes include cytochromes P450 family (CYP1, CYP2), glutathione s-transferases, and ALDHs. Gene polymorphisms in XMEs encoding genes can compromise their metabolizing capacity to detoxify ingested carcinogens (PAHs etc.) that may lead to prolong and elevated exposure to ingested toxicants and may consequently lead to cancer. Moreover, PAHs can induce cancer through reprograming XMEs' gene functions by altering their epigenetic markers. This review article discusses possible interplay between individual's gene polymorphism in XMEs' genes, their altered epigenetic markers, and exposure to PAHs in cancer susceptibility in Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, PO, 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, PO, 45320, Pakistan
- Business Unit Environmental Resources and Technologies, Center for Energy, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jawad Nasir
- Earth Sciences Directorate, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), P.O. Box 8402, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hussain Haider Rizvi
- Earth Sciences Directorate, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), P.O. Box 8402, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sengupta D, Banerjee S, Mukhopadhyay P, Guha U, Ganguly K, Bhattacharjee S, Sengupta M. A meta-analysis and in silico analysis of polymorphic variants conferring breast cancer risk in the Indian subcontinent. Future Oncol 2020; 16:2121-2142. [PMID: 32744066 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Genetic association studies on breast cancer on the Indian subcontinent have yielded conflicting results, and the precise effect of these variants on breast cancer pathogenesis is not known. Methods: Genomic variants, as obtained from selected studies from the Indian subcontinent, were subjected to random-effects and fixed-effect meta-analysis. Functional annotation of the relevant variants was done through a tried and tested in silico pipeline. Results: We found rs4646903/CYP1A1, rs1799814/CYP1A1, rs61886492/GCPII, del2/GSTM1, rs4680/COMT and rs1801394/MTRR to be associated with breast cancer. The del2/GSTM1 holds the association in premenopausal women. Conclusions: This is the first study of its kind from the Indian subcontinent analysing the extent of association of variants across populations followed by their functional annotation in the disease pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Souradeep Banerjee
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Pramiti Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Udayan Guha
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Kausik Ganguly
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Samsiddhi Bhattacharjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Near Netaji Subhas Sanatorium Post Office, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Mainak Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang H, Li H, Yu H. Analysis of the role of rs2031920 and rs3813867 polymorphisms within the cytochrome P450 2E1 gene in the risk of squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:67. [PMID: 29743817 PMCID: PMC5930765 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the genetic effect of rs2031920 and rs3813867 polymorphisms within the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) gene on the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a meta-analysis was performed. Methods The eligible case–control studies were obtained by database searching and screening, and the specific statistical analysis was performed with STATA 12.0 software. Results After the process of database searching and screening, a total of 32 case–control studies with 7435 cases and 10,466 controls were ultimately included in our meta-analysis. With regard to the rs2031920 C/T polymorphism, in comparison to controls, a reduced risk in cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was detected for the models of allele T vs. allele C [P = 0.025, odds ratio (OR) = 0.67], carrier T vs. carrier C (P = 0.014, OR = 0.70), TT vs. CC (P = 0.029, OR = 0.65), CT vs. CC (P = 0.040, OR = 0.56), CT + TT vs. CC (P = 0.035, OR = 0.58). Similarly, a decreased SCC risk was observed for the rs3813867 G/C polymorphism in the allele, carrier, homozygote, dominant, and recessive models of overall SCC meta-analysis and “ESCC” subgroup analysis (all P < 0.05, OR < 1) and in all genetic models of “Asian” and “population-based control (PB)” subgroup analysis (all P < 0.05, OR < 1). Additionally, for the rs2031920/rs3813867 haplotype, a decreased SCC risk was also detected in the overall SCC meta-analysis under the allele, carrier, homozygote and dominant model (all P < 0.05, OR < 1) and the subgroup analysis of “PB” under the allele, carrier, and dominant models (all P < 0.05, OR < 1). Conclusions Our meta-analysis supports the “T” allele carrier of the CYP2E1 rs2031920 C/T polymorphism and “C” allele carrier of the rs3813867 G/C polymorphism as protective factors for ESCC patients, especially in Asian populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No 6, Ji Zhao Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300060 People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No 6, Ji Zhao Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300060 People's Republic of China
| | - Huanxin Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No 6, Ji Zhao Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300060 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shah IA, Bhat GA, Mehta P, Lone MM, Dar NA. Genotypes of CYP1A1, SULT1A1 and SULT1A2 and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus: outcome of a case-control study from Kashmir, India. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:937-943. [PMID: 26455829 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies on associations of various polymorphism in xenobiotic metabolizing genes with different cancers including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are mixed and inconclusive. To evaluate the association of CYP1A1*4, SULT1A1*2 and SULT1A2*2 genotypes with ESCC risk and their modifying effects on different risk factors of ESCC, we conducted a case-control study in Kashmir, India, an area with relative high incidence of ESCC. We recruited 404 histopathologically confirmed ESCC cases, and equal number of controls, individually matched for sex, age and district of residence to respective case. Information was obtained on various dietary, lifestyle and environmental factors in face-to-face interviews, using a structured questionnaire, from each subject. Genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). A higher risk was observed in the subjects who harbored variant genotype of CYP1A1*4 (OR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.28-3.32); and the risk was further enhanced in ever smokers (OR = 3.47; 95% CI: 1.62-7.42), adobe dwellers (OR = 6.71; 95% CI: 3.02-14.89), and biomass fuel users (OR = 5.11; 95% CI: 1.34-19.50). We did not find any significant differences in the polymorphic variants of SULT1A1*2 and SULT1A2*2 between cases and controls. The study indicates that, unlike SULT1A1*2 and SULT1A2*2, the polymorphism of CYP1A1*4 is associated with ESCC risk. However, replicative studies with larger sample size are needed to substantiate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK.,Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - G A Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK
| | - P Mehta
- Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - M M Lone
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, SK Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, JK, India
| | - N A Dar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nariman-Saleh-Fam Z, Bastami M, Somi MH, Samadi N, Abbaszadegan MR, Behjati F, Ghaedi H, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J, Masotti A. In silico dissection of miRNA targetome polymorphisms and their role in regulating miRNA-mediated gene expression in esophageal cancer. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:483-497. [PMID: 27518186 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide. Also middle-aged obese adults with higher body mass index during childhood have a greater risk to develop esophageal cancer. The contribution of microRNAs to esophageal cancer has been extensively studied and it became clear that these noncoding RNAs may play crucial roles in pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Increasing evidences have suggested that polymorphisms perturbing microRNA targetome (i.e., the compendium of all microRNA target sites) are associated with cancers including esophageal cancer. However, the extent to which such variants contribute to esophageal cancer is still unclear. In this study, we applied an in silico approach to systematically identify polymorphisms perturbing microRNA targetome in esophageal cancer and performed various analyses to predict the functional consequences of the occurrence of these variants. The computational results were integrated to provide a prioritized list of the most potentially disrupting esophageal cancer-implicated microRNA targetome polymorphisms along with the in silico insight into the mechanisms with which such variations may modulate microRNA-mediated regulation. The results of this study will be valuable for future functional experiments aimed at dissecting the roles of microRNA targetome polymorphisms in the onset and progression of esophageal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Nariman-Saleh-Fam
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Samadi
- Faculty of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9196773117, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Behjati
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghaedi
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly-Bazzaz
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Gene Expression - Microarrays Laboratory, Viale di San Paolo 15, Rome, 00146, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ren A, Qin T, Wang Q, Du H, Zhong D, Hua Y, Zhu L. Cytochrome P450 1A1 gene polymorphisms and digestive tract cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1620-31. [PMID: 27061602 PMCID: PMC4988294 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is a phase I enzyme that regulates the metabolism of environmental carcinogens and alter the susceptibility to various cancers. Many studies have investigated the association between the CYP1A1 MspI and Ile462Val polymorphisms and digestive tract cancer (DTC) risk in different groups of populations, but their results were inconsistent. The PubMed and Embase Database were searched for case–control studies published up to 30th September, 2015. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the relationship. Totally, 39 case–control studies (9094 cases and 12,487 controls) were included. The G allele in Ile/Val polymorphism was significantly associated with elevated DTC risk with per‐allele OR of 1.24 (95% CI = 1.09–1.41, P = 0.001). Similar results were also detected under the other genetic models. Evidence was only found to support an association between MspI polymorphism and DTC in the subgroups of caucasian and mixed individuals, but not in the whole population (the dominant model: OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.94–1.91, P = 0.146). In conclusion, our results suggest that the CYP1A1 polymorphisms are potential risk factors for DTC. And large sample size and well‐designed studies with detailed clinical information are needed to more precisely evaluate our founding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Ren
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haina Du
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing, China
| | - Donghua Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibing Hua
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Farid SG, Morris-Stiff G. "OMICS" technologies and their role in foregut primary malignancies. Curr Probl Surg 2015; 52:409-41. [PMID: 26527526 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
9
|
Goh LPW, Chong ETJ, Chua KH, Chuah JA, Lee PC. Significant genotype difference in the CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism of indigenous groups in Sabah, Malaysia with Asian and non-Asian populations. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:7377-81. [PMID: 25227845 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.17.7377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism G-1259C (rs3813867) genotype distributions vary significantly among different populations and are associated with both diseases, like cancer, and adverse drug effects. To date, there have been limited genotype distributions and allele frequencies of this polymorphism reported in the three major indigenous ethnic groups (KadazanDusun, Bajau, and Rungus) in Sabah, also known as North Borneo. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of the CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism G-1259C in these three major indigenous peoples in Sabah. A total of 640 healthy individuals from the three dominant indigenous groups were recruited for this study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) at G-1259C polymorphic site of CYP2E1 gene was performed using the Pst I restriction enzyme. Fragments were analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis and confirmed by direct sequencing. Overall, the allele frequencies were 90.3% for c1 allele and 9.7% for c2 allele. The genotype frequencies for c1/c1, c1/c2 and c2/c2 were observed as 80.9%, 18.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. A highly statistical significant difference (p<0.001) was observed in the genotype distributions between indigenous groups in Sabah with all Asian and non-Asian populations. However, among these three indigenous groups, there was no statistical significant difference (p>0.001) in their genotype distributions. The three major indigenous ethnic groups in Sabah show unique genotype distributions when compared with other populations. This finding indicates the importance of establishing the genotype distributions of CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism in the indigenous populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Poh Wah Goh
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zheng H, Zhao Y. Association of CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism in the esophageal cancer risk: a meta-analysis in the Chinese population. Eur J Med Res 2015; 20:46. [PMID: 25886559 PMCID: PMC4381416 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-015-0135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although many epidemiologic studies have investigated the CYP1A1 MspI gene polymorphisms and their associations with esophageal cancer (EC), definite conclusions cannot be drawn. To clarify the effects of CYP1A1 MspI polymorphisms on the risk of EC, a meta-analysis was performed in Chinese population. Methods Related studies were identified from PubMed, Springer Link, Ovid, Chinese Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Biology Medicine (CBM) till October 2014. Pooled ORs and 95% CIs were used to assess the strength of the associations. Results A total of 13 studies including 1,519 EC cases and 1,962 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, significant association was found between CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism and EC risk when all studies in the Chinese population pooled into this meta-analysis (C vs. T: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.51; CC + CT vs. TT: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.72; CC vs. TT + CT: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.76). When we performed stratified analyses by geographical locations, histopathology type, and source of control, significantly increased risks were found in North China (C vs. T: OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.70; CC vs. TT: OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.16 to 2.56; CC + CT vs. TT: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.14 to 2.02; CC vs. TT + CT: OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.17 to 2.06), in the population-based studies (C vs. T: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.42; CC vs. TT: OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.88; CC + CT vs. TT: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.69; CC vs. TT + CT: OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.13 to 1.81) and ESCC (C vs. T: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.32; CC + CT vs. TT: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.52). Conclusions This meta-analysis provides the evidence that CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism may contribute to the EC development in the Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Nursing Department, Tai'an Tumor Hospital, Tai'an City, No. 262 Taidong Road, Shandong Province, 271000, China.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Pathology Department, Tai'an Tumor Hospital, Tai'an City, No. 262 Taidong Road, Shandong Province, 271000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu C, Jiang Z, Deng QX, Zhao YN. Meta-analysis of association studies of CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms with digestive tract cancer susceptibility in Chinese. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4689-95. [PMID: 24969905 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.11.4689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A great number of studies have shown that cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) genetic polymorphisms, CYP1A1 Msp I and CYP1A1 Ile/Val, might be risk factors for digestive tract cancers, including esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatic carcinoma (HC), as well as colorectal cancer (CC), but the results are controversial. In this study, a meta-analysis of this literature aimed to clarify associations of CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms with digestive tract cancer susceptibility in Chinese populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eligible case-control studies published until December 2013 were retrieved by systematic literature searches from PubMed, Embase, CBM, CNKI and other Chinese databases by two investigators independently. The associated literature was acquired through deliberate search and selection based on established inclusion criteria. Fixed- effects or random-effects models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs and 95%CIs). The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.2 and Stata 12.0 softwares with stability evaluated by both stratified and sensitivity analyses. Moreover, sensitivity analysis and publication bias diagnostics confirmed the reliability and stability. RESULTS Eighteen case control studies with 1, 747 cases and 2, 923 controls were selected for CYP1A1 MspI polymorphisms, and twenty case-control studies with 3, 790 cases and 4, 907 controls for the CYP1A1 Ile/ Val polymorphisms. Correlation associations between CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphisms and digestive tract cancers susceptibility were observed in four genetic models in the meta-analysis (GG vs AA:OR= 2.03, 95%CI =1.52- 2.72; AG vs AA: OR=1.26, 95%CI =1.07-1.48; [ GG+AG vs AA] :OR =1.42, 95%CI=1.20-1.68, [GG vs AA+AG ]:OR=1.80, 95%CI =1.40-2.31). There was no association between CYP1A1 Msp I polymorphisms and digestive tract cancer risk. Subgroup analysis for tumor type showed a significant association of CYP1A1 Ile/Val genetic polymorphisms with EC in China. However, available data collected by the study failed to reveal remarkable associations of GC or HC with CYP1A1 Ile/Val genetic polymorphisms and EC, GC or CC with CYP1A1 MspI genetic polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that CYP1A1 Ile/Val genetic polymorphisms, but not CYP1A1 Msp I polymorphisms, are associated with an increased digestive tract cancer risk in Chinese population. Additional well-designed studies, with larger sample size, focusing on different ethnicities and cancer types are now warranted to validate this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing New North Zone, Chongqing, China E-mail :
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang AH, Liu Y, Wang B, He YX, Fang YX, Yan YP. Epidemiological studies of esophageal cancer in the era of genome-wide association studies. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2014; 5:335-343. [PMID: 25133033 PMCID: PMC4133530 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i3.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) caused about 395000 deaths in 2010. China has the most cases of EC and EC is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in China. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant histologic type (90%-95%), while the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remains extremely low in China. Traditional epidemiological studies have revealed that environmental carcinogens are risk factors for EC. Molecular epidemiological studies revealed that susceptibility to EC is influenced by both environmental and genetic risk factors. Of all the risk factors for EC, some are associated with the risk of ESCC and others with the risk of EAC. However, the details and mechanisms of risk factors involved in the process for EC are unclear. The advanced methods and techniques used in human genome studies bring a great opportunity for researchers to explore and identify the details of those risk factors or susceptibility genes involved in the process of EC. Human genome epidemiology is a new branch of epidemiology, which leads the epidemiology study from the molecular epidemiology era to the era of genome wide association studies (GWAS). Here we review the epidemiological studies of EC (especially ESCC) in the era of GWAS, and provide an overview of the general risk factors and those genomic variants (genes, SNPs, miRNAs, proteins) involved in the process of ESCC.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gong FF, Lu SS, Hu CY, Qian ZZ, Feng F, Wu YL, Yang HY, Sun YH. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) polymorphism and susceptibility to esophageal cancer: an updated meta-analysis of 27 studies. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10351-61. [PMID: 25048966 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) polymorphisms are known to play a crucial role in the development and metastasis of malignant diseases including esophageal cancer. However, the results of previous studies investigating the association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and esophageal cancer risk have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis of 27 eligible studies, encompassing 4,215 esophageal cancer cases and 6,339 control subjects, pooled the odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) to assess this association. The effects of ethnicity (Caucasian and Asian) and histopathology type (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma) were considered in subgroup analyses. A significant association was observed between the CYP1A1 Ile/Val gene polymorphism and esophageal cancer in all of the genetic models (Ile/Val vs. Ile/Ile, OR = 1.41, 95 % CI = 1.25-1.58; Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile, OR = 1.94, 95 % CI = 1.34-2.82; Ile/Val + Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile, OR = 1.49, 95 % CI = 1.33-1.66). The subgroup analysis based on ethnicity showed that the association between the CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphism and esophageal cancer existed in Asian and Caucasian populations. However, no association was observed between the CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism and esophageal cancer in either subgroup or in the overall population. These results suggested that the CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer, whereas the CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism may not have increased susceptibility to esophageal cancer. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Feng Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khlifi R, Ben Salah G, Chakroun A, Hamza-Chaffai A, Rebai A. Inter-ethnic differences in genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP2D6, NAT1 and NAT2) in healthy populations: correlation with the functional in silico prediction. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5735-43. [PMID: 24934312 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that many polymorphisms of the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XME) affect either enzymatic functions or are associated with various aspects of human health. Owing to the presence of these single nucleotide variants (SNVs), differences in detoxification capacity have been observed between many ethnicities. The aim of this investigation was to study the prevalence of four polymorphisms in XME among various ethnic groups. Attention was focused on polymorphisms of CYP2D6 (rs1058172, G>A, p.Arg365His), CYP1A1 (rs4646421, c.-26-728C>T), NAT1 (rs4921880, c.-85-1014T>A) and NAT2 (rs1208, A>G, p.Arg268Lys). These polymorphisms were analyzed in 261 healthy Tunisians individuals in comparison with different ethnic backgrounds from hapmap database. In addition, in silico functional prediction was also performed to determine the loss of function variants. Our results demonstrated that population's origins widely affect the genetic variability of XME enzymes and Tunisians show a characteristic pattern. In silico predictions showed a deleterious effect for p.Arg268Lys substitution on CYP2D6 function, findings confirmed its key role played in cancer susceptibility. These data show that detoxification genes structures depend on the studied population. This suggests that ethnic differences impact on disease risk or response to drugs and therefore should be taken into consideration in genetic association studies focusing on XME enzymes. Our results provide the first report on these SNV in Tunisian population and could be useful for further epidemiological investigations including targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rim Khlifi
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, UR 09-03, IPEIS, Sfax University, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6035-42. [PMID: 24065535 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) enzyme is a member of the CYP superfamily of enzymes. CYP1A1 A2455G and T3801C are two most commonly studied polymorphisms loci. Previous studies have reported that CYP1A1 polymorphisms increase esophageal cancer (EC) risk. However, the results remain controversial and ambiguous. To further investigate the association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms (A2455G and T3801C) and EC risk. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and EC risk. A total of 13 articles (A2455G and T3801C: 2 papers, A2455G: 8 papers, T3801C: 3 papers) from the PubMed containing information on the CYP1A1 polymorphisms and EC were included in this meta-analysis, with summational sample size of 1,881 EC cases and 3,786 controls. Stratified analysis was performed to evaluate the ethnicity (Caucasians and Asian) and histopathology type (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma) effect. No obvious publication bias in the two polymorphisms was observed. Our meta-analysis revealed a significant association between the A2455G polymorphism and EC (OR = 1.55 per A allele, 95 % CI 1.29-1.85, P < 0.001). Stratification analysis by ethnicity and histopathology type showed significant association in the population of Asian origin (OR = 1.55, 95 % CI 1.28-1.89, P < 0.001) and in histopathology type of ESCC (OR = 1.40, 95 % CI 1.19-1.65, P < 0.001). We didn't observe the significant association between CYP1A1 T3801C polymorphism and EC. We observed a difference of allele frequencies between Caucasian and Asian population in the meta-analysis. The allele frequencies in our meta-analysis were consistent with the allele frequencies in 1000 Genome Project. Our meta-analysis demonstrated distinct evidence that CYP1A1 A2455G polymorphism was associated with the risk of EC.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mo SJ, Ke SR, Zhang JT, Yang SL. Progress in research of polymorphisms of genes associated with susceptibility to esophageal cancer in Chinese Han population. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:2045-2050. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i21.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of most common malignant tumors in China, and the polymorphisms of genes associated with susceptibility to ESCC are important factors affecting individual tumor susceptibility. Genes associated with susceptibility to ESCC in Chinese Han population mainly contain metabolizing enzyme-associated genes, nucleotide excision repair genes, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene, tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and cytokines. The genotypes of genes associated with susceptibility to ESCC have obvious regional distribution in Chinese Han population. This review aims to summarize and analyze the polymorphisms of genes associated with susceptibility to ESCC, including tumor suppressor genes and genes encoding oncogenes and cytokines, in Chinese Han population.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Y, Wu H, Liu Q, Wang C, Fu L, Wang H, Zhu W, Fu W, Lv Y, Wang S, Hu L. Association of CHRNA5-A3-B4 variation with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk and smoking behaviors in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67664. [PMID: 23844051 PMCID: PMC3699625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CHRNA5-A3-B4, the gene cluster encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits, is associated with lung cancer risk and smoking behaviors in people of European descent. Because cigarette smoking is also a major risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), we investigated the associations between variants in CHRNA5-A3-B4 and ESCC risk, as well as smoking behaviors, in a Chinese population. METHODS A case-control study of 866 ESCC patients and 952 healthy controls was performed to study the association of polymorphisms (rs667282 and rs3743073) in CHRNA5-A3-B4 with cancer risk using logistic regression models. The relationships between CHRNA5-A3-B4 polymorphisms and smoking behaviors that can be quantified by cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) and pack-years of smoking were separately estimated with Kruskal-Wallis tests among all 840 smokers. RESULTS CHRNA5-A3-B4 rs667282 TT/TG genotypes were associated with significantly increased risk of ESCC [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03 - 1.69, P = 0.029]. The increased ESCC risk was even higher among younger subjects (≤60 years) (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.04 - 1.98, P = 0.024). These effects were not found in another polymorphism rs3743073. No evident association between the two polymorphisms and smoking behaviors was observed. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that CHRNA5-A3-B4 is a susceptibility gene cluster for ESCC. The relationship between CHRNA5-A3-B4 and smoking behaviors in a Chinese population needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Radiation, Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Radiation, Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiji Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Wang
- Department of Radiation, Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of Radiation, Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- Oncology Center, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Department of Radiation, Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijiang Fu
- Department of Radiation, Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Lv
- Oncology Department of Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shikun Wang
- Department of Radiation, Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Likuan Hu
- Department of Radiation, Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xie Z, Chen G, Zhang X, Li D, Huang J, Yang C, Zhang P, Qin Y, Duan Y, Gong B, Li Z. Salivary microRNAs as promising biomarkers for detection of esophageal cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57502. [PMID: 23560033 PMCID: PMC3613402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Tissue microRNAs (miRNAs) can detect cancers and predict prognosis. Several recent studies reported that tissue, plasma, and saliva miRNAs share similar expression profiles. In this study, we investigated the discriminatory power of salivary miRNAs (including whole saliva and saliva supernatant) for detection of esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods By Agilent microarray, six deregulated miRNAs from whole saliva samples from seven patients with esophageal cancer and three healthy controls were selected. The six selected miRNAs were subjected to validation of their expression levels by RT-qPCR using both whole saliva and saliva supernatant samples from an independent set of 39 patients with esophageal cancer and 19 healthy controls. Results Six miRNAs (miR-10b*, miR-144, miR-21, miR-451, miR-486-5p, and miR-634) were identified as targets by Agilent microarray. After validation by RT-qPCR, miR-10b*, miR-144, and miR-451 in whole saliva and miR-10b*, miR-144, miR-21, and miR-451 in saliva supernatant were significantly upregulated in patients, with sensitivities of 89.7, 92.3, 84.6, 79.5, 43.6, 89.7, and 51.3% and specificities of 57.9, 47.4, 57.9%, 57.9, 89.5, 47.4, and 84.2%, respectively. Conclusions We found distinctive miRNAs for esophageal cancer in both whole saliva and saliva supernatant. These miRNAs possess discriminatory power for detection of esophageal cancer. Because saliva collection is noninvasive and convenient, salivary miRNAs show great promise as biomarkers for detection of esophageal cancer in areas at high risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
- Graduate School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuchao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Physical Examination Center of East Ward, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cuiqin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pingyong Zhang
- Physical Examination Center of East Ward, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuxuan Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yifan Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zijun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|