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Shete V, Mahajan NM, Shivhare R, Akkewar A, Gupta A, Gurav S. Genistein: A promising phytoconstituent with reference to its bioactivities. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38831683 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Genistein, a potent phytoconstituent, has garnered significant attention for its diverse bioactivities, making it a subject of extensive research and exploration. This review delves into the multifaceted properties of genistein, encompassing its antioxidant and anticancer potential. Its ability to modulate various cellular pathways and interact with diverse molecular targets has positioned it as a promising candidate in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. This review provides a comprehensive examination of Genistein, covering its chemical properties, methods of isolation, synthesis, therapeutic attributes with regard to cancer management, and the proposed mechanisms of action as put forth by researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Shete
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh M Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ruchi Shivhare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish Akkewar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amisha Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailendra Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa, India
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2
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Nadile M, Kornel A, Sze NSK, Tsiani E. A Comprehensive Review of Genistein's Effects in Preclinical Models of Cervical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:35. [PMID: 38201463 PMCID: PMC10778482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is associated with persistent Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infections and is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Current treatment options; surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are often associated with severe side effects including possible infertility. Novel treatment options are required to help combat this disease and reduce side effects. Many plant-derived chemicals, including paclitaxel and docetaxel, are already in use as treatments for various cancers. Genistein is a polyphenolic isoflavone found in foods including soybeans and legumes, and studies have shown that it has various biological effects and anti-cancer properties. This review aims to summarize the existing studies examining the effects of genistein on cervical cancer. All relevant in vitro and in vivo studies are summarized, and the key findings are highlighted in the associated tables. Based on the available in vitro/cell culture studies reported here, genistein inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Use of genistein in combination with radiation or chemotherapy agents resulted in enhanced response indicating radio- and chemo-sensitization properties. More animal studies are required to examine the effectiveness of genistein in vivo. Such studies will form the basis for future human studies exploring the potential of genistein to be used in the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Nadile
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Amanda Kornel
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Newman Siu Kwan Sze
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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3
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Garg P, Awasthi S, Horne D, Salgia R, Singhal SS. The innate effects of plant secondary metabolites in preclusion of gynecologic cancers: Inflammatory response and therapeutic action. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188929. [PMID: 37286146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers can make up the bulk of cancers in both humans and animals. The stage of diagnosis and the type of tumor, its origin, and its spread are a few of the factors that influence how effectively a treatment modality works. Currently, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery are the major treatment options recommended for the eradication of malignancies. The use of several anti-carcinogenic drugs increases the chance of harmful side effects, and patients might not react to the treatments as expected. The significance of the relationship between inflammation and cancer has been underscored by recent research. As a result, it has been shown that a variety of phytochemicals with beneficial bioactive effects on inflammatory pathways have the potential to act as anti-carcinogenic medications for the treatment of gynecologic cancer. The current paper reviews the significance of inflammatory pathways in gynecologic malignancies and discusses the role of plants-derived secondary metabolites that are useful in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Garg
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Cayman Health, CTMH Doctors Hospital in Cayman Islands, George Town, Grand Cayman, USA
| | - David Horne
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Combination Therapy Using Polyphenols: An Efficient Way to Improve Antitumoral Activity and Reduce Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810244. [PMID: 36142147 PMCID: PMC9499610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols represent a structural class of mainly natural organic chemicals that contain multiple phenol structural units. The beneficial properties of polyphenols have been extensively studied for their antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects, but nowadays, their medical applications are starting to be extended to many other applications due to their prebiotic role and their impact on the microbiota. This review focused on the use of polyphenols in cancer treatment. Their antineoplastic effects have been demonstrated in various studies when they were tested on numerous cancer lines and some in in vivo models. A431 and SCC13 human skin cancer cell lines treated with EGCG presented a reduced cell viability and enhanced cell death due to the inactivation of β-catenin signaling. Additionally, resveratrol showed a great potential against breast cancer mainly due to its ability to exert both anti-estrogenic and estrogenic effects (based on the concentration) and because it has a high affinity for estrogen receptors ERα and Erβ. Polyphenols can be combined with different classical cytostatic agents to enhance their therapeutic effects on cancer cells and to also protect healthy cells from the aggressiveness of antitumor drugs due to their anti-inflammatory properties. For instance, curcumin has been reported to reduce the gastrointestinal toxicity associated with chemotherapy. In the case of 5-FU-induced, it reduced the gastrointestinal toxicity by increasing the intestinal permeability and inhibiting mucosal damage. Co-administration of EGCG and doxorubicin induced the death of liver cancer cells. EGCG has the ability to inhibit autophagic activity and stop hepatoma Hep3B cell proliferation This symbiotic approach is well-known in medical practice including in multiple chemotherapy.
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Debelalactone Prevents Hepatic Cancer via Diminishing the Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress on Male Wistar Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144499. [PMID: 35889371 PMCID: PMC9320399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to exemplify the effect of debelalactone on tissue protection, chronic hepatic inflammation, hepatic protection and oxidative stress induced by diethyl nitrosamine in Wistar rats. Therefore, DEN (200 mg/kg) was used for the induction the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the level of serum alpha fetoprotein was used for the estimation and confirmation of HCC. The study illustrated that debelalactone (DL) significantly downregulated the hepatic, non-hepatic parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alpha fetoprotein, NO levels, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin in dose dependent manner, as well as noticeably improving the body weight, of treated animals. The macroscopically observation of DEN-induced rat liver showed the formation of informalities in liver tissue, which was reduced with treatment of DL at dose dependent manner. However, antioxidant markers and inflammatory mediators such as lipid peroxidation, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and transferase, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-kB restored up to the normal level by DL. The histopathology studies showed that the treated group of animals returned to a normal status. Collectively, it can be concluded that debelalactone mediated chemoprevention in the DEN-induced rats via an increase in the activities of endogenous enzymes and/or inhibition the precancerous cells.
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Yu L, Rios E, Castro L, Liu J, Yan Y, Dixon D. Genistein: Dual Role in Women's Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:3048. [PMID: 34578926 PMCID: PMC8472782 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced research in recent years has revealed the important role of nutrients in the protection of women's health and in the prevention of women's diseases. Genistein is a phytoestrogen that belongs to a class of compounds known as isoflavones, which structurally resemble endogenous estrogen. Genistein is most often consumed by humans via soybeans or soya products and is, as an auxiliary medicinal, used to treat women's diseases. In this review, we focused on analyzing the geographic distribution of soybean and soya product consumption, global serum concentrations of genistein, and its metabolism and bioactivity. We also explored genistein's dual effects in women's health through gathering, evaluating, and summarizing evidence from current in vivo and in vitro studies, clinical observations, and epidemiological surveys. The dose-dependent effects of genistein, especially when considering its metabolites and factors that vary by individuals, indicate that consumption of genistein may contribute to beneficial effects in women's health and disease prevention and treatment. However, consumption and exposure levels are nuanced because adverse effects have been observed at lower concentrations in in vitro models. Therefore, this points to the duplicity of genistein as a possible therapeutic agent in some instances and as an endocrine disruptor in others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Darlene Dixon
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch (MTB), Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (L.Y.); (E.R.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
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Anwar DM, El-Sayed M, Reda A, Fang JY, Khattab SN, Elzoghby AO. Recent advances in herbal combination nanomedicine for cancer: delivery technology and therapeutic outcomes. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1609-1625. [PMID: 34254868 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1955853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The use of herbal compounds in cancer therapy has great potential to promote the efficacy of current cancer therapeutic strategies. Herbal compounds were successfully reported to enhance tumor cells sensitization to the action of chemo-, hormonal- and gene-therapeutic agents via different mechanisms. Herbal ingredients can affect different signaling pathways, reduce the toxic side effects or inhibit the efflux of anticancer drugs.Areas covered: This review will discuss the delivery of herbal compounds with other cancer treatments such as hormonal, small molecule inhibitors and inorganic hybrids to tumor cells. An overview of physicochemical properties of herbal components that require intelligent design of combo-nanomedicines for efficient co-delivery of those herbal-derived and other anticancer agents was discussed. Nanocarriers provide various benefits to overcome the shortcomings of the encapsulated herbal compounds including improved solubility, increased stability and enhanced tumor targeting. Different nanocarrier systems were the focus of this review.Expert opinion: Multifunctional nanocarrier systems encapsulating herbal and different anticancer drugs showed to be a wonderful approach in the treatment of cancer enabling the co-delivery of anticancer drugs with versatile modes of action in an accurate manner in an attempt to enhance the efficacy, benefit from the synergism between the drugs as well as to minimize the development of multi-drug resistance. The main challenge point is the early detection and management of any developed adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science Technology & Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt.,Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mousa El-Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Reda
- Nanomedicine Division, Center for Materials Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of AnesthesiologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sherine N Khattab
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Imran M, Rauf A, Nadeem M, Gondal TA, Ahmad B, Atif M, Mubarak MS, Sytar O, Zhilina OM, Garsiya ER, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Pons DG, Martorell M, Cardoso SM, Razis AFA, Sunusi U, Kamal RM, Rotariu LS, Butnariu M, Docea AO, Calina D. Genistein: An Integrative Overview of Its Mode of Action, Pharmacological Properties, and Health Benefits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3268136. [PMID: 34336089 PMCID: PMC8315847 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3268136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone first isolated from the brooming plant Dyer's Genista tinctoria L. and is widely distributed in the Fabaceae family. As an isoflavone, mammalian genistein exerts estrogen-like functions. Several biological effects of genistein have been reported in preclinical studies, such as the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral activities, the effects of angiogenesis and estrogen, and the pharmacological activities on diabetes and lipid metabolism. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date evidence of preclinical pharmacological activities with mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and clinical evidence of genistein. The literature was researched using the most important keyword "genistein" from the PubMed, Science, and Google Scholar databases, and the taxonomy was validated using The Plant List. Data were also collected from specialized books and other online resources. The main positive effects of genistein refer to the protection against cardiovascular diseases and to the decrease of the incidence of some types of cancer, especially breast cancer. Although the mechanism of protection against cancer involves several aspects of genistein metabolism, the researchers attribute this effect to the similarity between the structure of soy genistein and that of estrogen. This structural similarity allows genistein to displace estrogen from cellular receptors, thus blocking their hormonal activity. The pharmacological activities resulting from the experimental studies of this review support the traditional uses of genistein, but in the future, further investigations are needed on the efficacy, safety, and use of nanotechnologies to increase bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar-, 23561 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari-, Pakistan
| | | | - Bashir Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-, 25120 KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Oxana Mihailovna Zhilina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pyatigorsk Medical-Pharmaceutical Institute (PMPI), Branch of Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Pyatigorsk 357532, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Robertovna Garsiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Botany and Technology of Phytopreparations, Pyatigorsk Medical-Pharmaceutical Institute (PMPI), Branch of Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Pyatigorsk 357532, Russia
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional (GMOT), Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma 07122, Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Usman Sunusi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011 Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ramla Muhammad Kamal
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University Dutse, PMB 7156 Dutse Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Lia Sanda Rotariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Romania
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Cayetano-Salazar L, Olea-Flores M, Zuñiga-Eulogio MD, Weinstein-Oppenheimer C, Fernández-Tilapa G, Mendoza-Catalán MA, Zacapala-Gómez AE, Ortiz-Ortiz J, Ortuño-Pineda C, Navarro-Tito N. Natural isoflavonoids in invasive cancer therapy: From bench to bedside. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4092-4110. [PMID: 33720455 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a public health problem worldwide, and one of the crucial steps within tumor progression is the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, which are directly related to cancer-associated deaths in patients. Recognizing the molecular markers involved in invasion and metastasis is essential to find targeted therapies in cancer. Interestingly, about 50% of the discovered drugs used in chemotherapy have been obtained from natural sources such as plants, including isoflavonoids. Until now, most drugs are used in chemotherapy targeting proliferation and apoptosis-related molecules. Here, we review recent studies about the effect of isoflavonoids on molecular targets and signaling pathways related to invasion and metastasis in cancer cell cultures, in vivo assays, and clinical trials. This review also reports that glycitein, daidzein, and genistein are the isoflavonoids most studied in preclinical and clinical trials and displayed the most anticancer activity targeting invasion-related proteins such as MMP-2 and MMP-9 and also EMT-associated proteins. Therefore, the diversity of isoflavonoids is promising molecules to be used as chemotherapeutic in invasive cancer. In the future, more clinical trials are needed to validate the effectiveness of the various natural isoflavonoids in the treatment of invasive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Cayetano-Salazar
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | - Miriam D Zuñiga-Eulogio
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | | | - Gloria Fernández-Tilapa
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | - Ana E Zacapala-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | - Julio Ortiz-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ortuño-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
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Woźniak M, Krajewski R, Makuch S, Agrawal S. Phytochemicals in Gynecological Cancer Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1219. [PMID: 33530651 PMCID: PMC7865323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancer confers an enormous burden among women worldwide. Accumulating evidence points to the role of phytochemicals in preventing cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. Experimental studies emphasize the chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of plant-derived substances by inhibiting the early stages of carcinogenesis or improving the efficacy of traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover, a number of epidemiological studies have investigated associations between a plant-based diet and cancer risk. This literature review summarizes the current knowledge on the phytochemicals with proven antitumor activity, emphasizing their effectiveness and mechanism of action in gynecological cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Woźniak
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Rafał Krajewski
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Makuch
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Siddarth Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.W.); (S.M.)
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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11
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Li G, Ding K, Qiao Y, Zhang L, Zheng L, Pan T, Zhang L. Flavonoids Regulate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:E5628. [PMID: 33265939 PMCID: PMC7729519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Millions of persons die due to cancer each year. In the last two decades, the anticancer effects of natural flavonoids have become a hot topic in many laboratories. Meanwhile, flavonoids, of which over 8000 molecules are known to date, are potential candidates for the discovery of anticancer drugs. The current review summarizes the major flavonoid classes of anticancer efficacy and discusses the potential anti-cancer mechanisms through inflammation and oxidative stress action, which were based on database and clinical studies within the past years. The results showed that flavonoids could regulate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress of tumor through some anti-inflammatory mechanisms such as NF-κB, so as to realize the anti-tumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lin Zhang
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (G.L.); (K.D.); (Y.Q.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (T.P.)
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Genistein inhibits radiation-induced invasion and migration of glioblastoma cells by blocking the DNA-PKcs/Akt2/Rac1 signaling pathway. Radiother Oncol 2020; 155:93-104. [PMID: 33129924 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Radiotherapy is the most important therapeutic measure against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which is regarded as the most common and highly lethal type of brain cancer. Nevertheless, most relapses originate in the close vicinity of the irradiated target volume. Genistein is a natural product that can suppress the invasive potential of cancer cells. In this study, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs)-proficient and -deficient GBM cells were selected for in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate the inhibiting effects of genistein on radiation-induced invasion and migration and the corresponding mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS GBM cell lines with or without genistein pre-treatment were irradiated with X-rays. Cell survival was determined using colony formation assay and the rate of cellular proliferation was analyzed with a real-time cell electronic sensing system. For in vitro study, invasion and migration abilities were evaluated via wound-healing and transwell assays, while protein expression was determined with western blotting. Genistein interaction with DNA-PKcs was estimated with pull-down, recombinant and binding assays. For in vivo study, cells were stereotactically injected into NOD-SCID mice to establish tumors. Hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the invasive potential of GBM. RESULTS X-ray irradiation enhanced the migration and invasion of DNA-PKcs-positive but not DNA-PKcs-negative GBM cells. It also activated the DNA-PKcs/Akt2/Rac1 signaling pathway, which contributed to GBM malignant progression by aggravating GBM cell invasive potential. The study successfully demonstrated that genistein can specifically bind to DNA-PKcs and block the DNA-PKcs/Akt2/Rac1 pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting radiation-induced invasion and migration of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. The present study emphasized that radiation-induced invasive potential is initiated by DNA-PKcs, which is a well-known double strand breaks (DSB) repair protein, and determined the exact site for genistein binding to DNA-PKcs. CONCLUSION DNA-PKcs is not only a potential target for cancer therapy, but also a reliable biomarker for predicting radiation-induced invasion and migration of GBM cells. Thus, genistein might serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating GBM.
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Fu Z, Cao X, Liu L, Cao X, Cui Y, Li X, Quan M, Ren K, Chen A, Xu C, Qiu Y, Chen X, Wang Z, Cao J. Genistein inhibits lung cancer cell stem-like characteristics by modulating MnSOD and FoxM1 expression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2506-2515. [PMID: 32782570 PMCID: PMC7400602 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) promotes invasive and migratory activities by upregulating Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) expression. The present study investigated whether modulation of MnSOD and FoxM1 expression was responsible for the antitumor effects of genistein on cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) derived from non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). Spheroids prepared from H460 or A549 cells were defined as lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSLCs) and were treated with genistein. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to assess human lung fibroblast IMR-90 cell proliferation, as well as NSCLC H460 and A549 cell proliferation following treatment with genistein. MnSOD, FoxM1, cluster of differentiation (CD)133, CD44, BMI1 proto-oncogene, polycomb ring finger (Bmi1) and Nanog homeobox (Nanog) protein expression levels were examined via western blotting. The sphere formation assay was conducted to evaluate LCSLC self-renewal potential, and LSCLC migratory and invasive activities were analyzed using the wound healing and Transwell invasion assays, respectively. Knockdown and overexpression of MnSOD and FOXM1 via short hairpin-RNA or cDNA transfection were performed. The results indicated that genistein (80 and 100 µM) suppressed H460 and A549 cell viability compared with IMR-90 cells. Sub-cytotoxic concentrations of genistein (20 and 40 µM) inhibited sphere formation activity and decreased the protein expression levels of CD133, CD44, Bmi1 and Nanog in LCSLCs compared with the control group. Genistein also suppressed the migratory and invasive activities of LCSLCs compared with the control group. MnSOD and FoxM1 overexpression antagonized the effects of genistein (40 µM), whereas MnSOD and FoxM1 knockdown enhanced the inhibitory effects of genistein (20 µM) on CSLC characteristics of LCSLCs. Overall, the results suggested that genistein suppressed lung cancer cell CSLC characteristics by modulating MnSOD and FoxM1 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Fu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocheng Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen People's Hospital 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozheng Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen People's Hospital 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Yinghong Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Meifang Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Kaiqun Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - A Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yebei Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiangding Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Hazafa A, Rehman KU, Jahan N, Jabeen Z. The Role of Polyphenol (Flavonoids) Compounds in the Treatment of Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 72:386-397. [PMID: 31287738 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1637006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a second leading cause of deaths and major public health problem. It occurs due to extensive DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiations, ionizing radiations, environmental agents, therapeutic agents, etc. Among all cancers, the most frequently diagnosed cancers are lung (12.7%), breast (10.9%), colorectal (9.7%), and gastric cancer (7.81%). Natural compounds are most favorable against cancer on the count of their anti-cancerous ability, easy to avail and efficient. Among natural compounds, polyphenols (flavonoids, catechin, hesperetin, flavones, quercetin, phenolic acids, ellagic acid, lignans, stilbenes, etc.) represent a large and diverse group used in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Natural flavonoids are derived from different plant sources and from various medicinal plants including Petroselinum crispum, Apium graveolens, Flemingia vestita, Phyllanthus emblica, etc. Natural flavonoids possess antioxidant, anti-inflammation, as well as anti-cancerous activities through multiple pathways, they induce apoptosis in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers, lower the nucleoside diphosphate kinase-B activity in lung, bladder and colon cancers, inhibit cell-proliferation and cell cycle arrest by suppressing the NF-kB pathway in various cancers, etc. The current review summarized the anticancer activities of natural polyphenols and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hazafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalil-Ur- Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zara Jabeen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Sundaram MK, Unni S, Somvanshi P, Bhardwaj T, Mandal RK, Hussain A, Haque S. Genistein Modulates Signaling Pathways and Targets Several Epigenetic Markers in HeLa Cells. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E955. [PMID: 31766427 PMCID: PMC6947182 DOI: 10.3390/genes10120955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several epigenetic changes are responsible for transcriptional alterations of signaling pathways and tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) contributing to carcinogenesis. This study was aimed to examine the effect of the phytochemical, genistein on various molecular targets in HeLa cells. METHODS Quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of various molecular targets. Biochemical assays were employed to study the epigenetic enzymes. To correlate the transcriptional status of the selected TSGs and epigenetic modulation, their promoter 5'CpG methylation levels were evaluated by quantitative methylation array followed by methylation specific restriction digestion. RESULTS The expression of several genes involved in the cell cycle regulation, migration, inflammation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen activated kinase-like protein (MAPK) pathway were found to be modulated including CCNB1, TWIST1, MMP14, TERT, AKT1, PTPRR, FOS and IL1A. Genistein modulated the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs), demethylases, and histone phosphorylases. Furthermore, genistein decreased the activity of DNMTs, HDACs, and HMTs and reduced global DNA methylation levels. Promoter methylation of several TSGs, including FHIT, RUNX3, CDH1, PTEN, and SOC51, was lowered with corresponding transcriptional increase. Network analysis indicated similar effect of genistein. CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive mechanism of action of genistein showcasing effective epigenetic modulation and widespread transcriptional changes resulting in restoration of tumour suppressor gene expression. This study corroborates the development of genistein as a candidate for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sreepoorna Unni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, P.O. Box 19282 Dubai, UAE;
| | - Pallavi Somvanshi
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi-110070, India; (P.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Tulika Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi-110070, India; (P.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Raju K. Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, P.O. Box 345050 Dubai, UAE;
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia;
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Combinational Use of Phytochemicals and Chemotherapeutic Drugs Enhance Their Therapeutic Potential on Human Cervical Cancer Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.91783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Paul P, Koh WP, Jin A, Michel A, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Wang R, Yuan JM, Butler LM. Soy and tea intake on cervical cancer risk: the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:847-857. [PMID: 31154549 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Soy isoflavones and tea catechins have immunomodulating and chemopreventive properties relevant for cervical carcinogenesis; however, there are limited epidemiologic data on the relationship of soy and tea consumption with cervical cancer risk. The aim of our study was to examine effects of soy and tea intake on cervical cancer risk among Singapore Chinese women. METHODS The association between intake of soy and tea drinking and cervical cancer risk was investigated in a prospective, population-based cohort of 30,744 Chinese women in Singapore with an average 16.7 years of follow-up and 312 incident cervical cancer cases. Multivariable proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cervical cancer associated with intake levels of soy and tea. RESULTS High intake of soy alone was associated with a statistically borderline significant 20% reduced risk of cervical cancer (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.61, 1.05) while green tea alone was not (HR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.76, 1.22). In stratified analysis, high intake of soy was associated with a statistically significant decrease in cervical cancer risk among green tea drinkers (HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.28, 0.69) but not among non-drinkers of green tea. The difference in the soy-cervical cancer risk association between green tea drinkers and non-drinkers was statistically significant (p for interaction = 0.004). This inverse association between soy intake and cervical cancer risk remained after further adjustment for human papillomavirus serostatus. Black tea consumption was not associated with cervical cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a protective effect of soy against cervical cancer development may depend on green tea constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proma Paul
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aizhen Jin
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angelika Michel
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renwei Wang
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lesley M Butler
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Xia S, Wang J, Kalionis B, Zhang W, Zhao Y. Genistein protects against acute pancreatitis via activation of an apoptotic pathway mediated through endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 509:421-428. [PMID: 30594397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe and frequently lethal disorder, but the precise mechanisms are not well understood and there is lack of effective drugs. Therefore, our study examined the in vivo intervention effects of genistein and elucidated its mechanism in acute experimental pancreatitis models. We used cerulein or taurocholate to induce acute pancreatitis (AP) in Sprague-Dawley rats with prior genistein treatment. Histological examination of the pancreas was performed and the expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) components and apoptotic mediators like caspase 12 and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) were measured. The amount of apoptosis in pancreatic acinar cells was also determined. Our studies found that the severity of cerulein- or taurocholate-induced AP was rescued by prior genistein treatment. Genistein stimulated the activation of multiple endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related regulators like GRP78, PERK, eIF2α, and upregulated the expression of the apoptotic genes, caspase 12 and CHOP. Moreover, TUNEL assays showed that genistein treatment promoted acinar cell apoptosis. Taken together, we speculated that ER stress-associated apoptotic pathways in AP are induced by genistein, which showed cytoprotective capacity in the exocrine pancreas. These data suggest novel therapeutic strategies that employ genistein in the prevention of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Xia
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China.
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre and University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
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Genistein reduces proliferation of EP3-expressing melanoma cells through inhibition of PGE2-induced IL-8 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 62:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Chen HH, Chen SP, Zheng QL, Nie SP, Li WJ, Hu XJ, Xie MY. Genistein Promotes Proliferation of Human Cervical Cancer Cells Through Estrogen Receptor-Mediated PI3K/Akt-NF-κB Pathway. J Cancer 2018; 9:288-295. [PMID: 29344275 PMCID: PMC5771336 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are polyphenol compounds which have similar structure to 17β-estradiol (E2), a kind of main estrogen in women. Thus, phytoestrogens may affect the reproductive and endocrine systems, leading to the development of estrogen-related cancers. The effect of genistein (Gen), one of the most studied phytoestrogens, on human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) was investigated in this study. It was found that Gen at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 µmol·L-1 promoted the proliferation of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner. Gen increased the portion of HeLa cells in S phase and decreased the portion of the cells in G1 phase. Besides, apoptosis rate of the cells was significantly lower when treated with Gen compared with the control group. It was also found that the expression of ERα, Akt or nuclear NF-κB p65 protein was activated by Gen. The correlation between these three proteins may be as following: ERα was the upstream, followed by Akt, and then nuclear NF-κB p65 protein. In addition, the downstream genes of activated nuclear NF-κB p65 were found to be associated with cell cycle and apoptosis of cancer cells. Our results suggested that Gen may stimulate cell proliferation partially through the estrogen receptor-mediated PI3K/Akt-NF-κB pathway and the further activation of the downstream genes of nuclear NF-κB p65.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | | | | | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
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Demirel MA, Süntar İ. The Role of Secondary Metabolites on Gynecologic Cancer Therapy: Some Pathways and Mechanisms. Turk J Pharm Sci 2017; 14:324-334. [PMID: 32454632 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.49368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers are among the most common cancers in humans and animals. Treatment success depends on several factors including stage at diagnosis, tumor type, origin and metastasis. Currently, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are preferred in the treatment of these cancers. However, many anticarcinogenic drugs can cause severe adverse effects and also the expected response to treatment may not be obtained. In recent studies, the importance of the relationship between cancer and inflammation has been emphasized. Therefore, several phytochemicals that exhibit beneficial bioactive effects towards inflammatory pathways were proven to have anticarcinogenic potential for gynecologic cancer therapy. This review summarizes the role of inflammatory pathways in gynecologic cancers and effective secondary metabolites for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mürşide Ayşe Demirel
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory Animals Breeding and Experimental Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İpek Süntar
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey
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Tang J, Li B, Hong S, Liu C, Min J, Hu M, Li Y, Liu Y, Hong L. Punicalagin suppresses the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells through inhibition of the β-catenin pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1439-1444. [PMID: 28586031 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural botanical drugs have attracted attention due to their cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties in cancer. Punicalagin (PUN) is the major bioactive component of pomegranate peel, and has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiproliferation and anticancer properties. PUN has been shown to induce apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PUN on HeLa human cervical cancer cells in vitro. The viability of the HeLa cells was assessed following treatment with PUN (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µM) for 24, 36 and 48 h using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. In addition, the cell cycle distribution, protein expression levels of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X protein (Bax), Bcl‑2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2, TIMP‑3 and the β‑catenin pathway, and the activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2 and MMP‑9 were analyzed following treatment with PUN (0, 25, 50 and 100 µM) for 36 h using cell cycle analysis, western blot analysis and gelatin zymography, respectively. In addition, a wound‑healing assay was used to detect cell migration. PUN led to a number of effects on the HeLa cells, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell migration, downregulation of MMP‑2 and MMP‑9, upregulation of TIMP‑2 and TIMP‑3, cell‑cycle arrest in the G1 phase, induction of apoptosis via alterations of Bcl‑2 and Bax, and downregulation of β‑catenin and its downstream proteins, cyclin D1 and c-myc. These results suggested that PUN may have chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects against cervical cancer in humans through inhibition of the β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Tang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bingshu Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Hong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yaodan Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Roh T, Kim SW, Moon SH, Nam MJ. Genistein induces apoptosis by down-regulating thioredoxin-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma SNU-449 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:127-134. [PMID: 27597132 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genistein (GEN), a natural isoflavonoid phytoestrogen, has anti-cancer activity against various types of cancers. However, GEN has not been thoroughly investigated in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this study, we evaluated the anti-cancer effects of GEN on SNU-449 cells. GEN inhibited the proliferation of SNU-449 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. We observed the typical characteristics of apoptosis, such as DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation. To identify proteins related to GEN-induced apoptosis, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis and identified differentially expressed proteins. Proteomic analysis showed that the antioxidant protein thioredoxin-1 was associated with GEN-induced apoptosis. GEN treatment decreased thioredoxin-1 levels and increased intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, GEN activated apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38. We also observed that pretreatment with the JNK and p38 inhibitors (SP600125 and SB203580) decreased GEN-induced cell death. These results indicate that GEN has potential antitumor effects against SNU-449 cells through the down-regulation of thioredoxin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Roh
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soung Hoon Moon
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Jin Nam
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, Republic of Korea.
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Natural Polyphenols for Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080515. [PMID: 27556486 PMCID: PMC4997428 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is much epidemiological evidence that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables could lower the risk of certain cancers. The effect has been attributed, in part, to natural polyphenols. Besides, numerous studies have demonstrated that natural polyphenols could be used for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Potential mechanisms included antioxidant, anti-inflammation as well as the modulation of multiple molecular events involved in carcinogenesis. The current review summarized the anticancer efficacy of major polyphenol classes (flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and stilbenes) and discussed the potential mechanisms of action, which were based on epidemiological, in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies within the past five years.
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Medeiros PSC, Batista de Carvalho ALM, Ruano C, Otero JC, Marques MPM. Raman microspectroscopy for probing the impact of a dietary antioxidant on human breast cancer cells. Food Funct 2016; 7:2800-10. [PMID: 27227510 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00209a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer worldwide and the most frequent among women, being the fifth cause of death from neoplastic disease. Since this is an oxidative-stress related neoplasia, it is largely preventable. A dietary isoflavone abundant in soybean - daidzein - is currently being investigated owing to its chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic properties towards the human MDA-MB-231 (metastatic, estrogen-unresponsive) and MCF-7 (estrogen-responsive) breast cancer cell lines. Biological assays for evaluation of antitumour and anti-invasive activities were combined with state-of-the-art vibrational microspectroscopy techniques. At 50 and 100 μM concentrations and 48 h incubation time, daidzein was found to induce a marked decrease in cell viability (ca. 50%) for MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells (respectively ca. 50% and 42%) and 40% inhibition of cell migration. MicroRaman analysis of fixed cells upon exposure to this isoflavone unveiled its metabolic impact on both cell lines. Multivariate data analysis (unsupervised PCA) led to a clear discrimination between the control and DAID-exposed cells, with distinctive effects on their biochemical profile, particularly regarding DNA, lipids and protein components, in a cell-dependent way. This is the first reported study on the impact of dietary antioxidants on cancer cells by microRaman techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S C Medeiros
- Química-Física Molecular, Univ. Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Downregulation of clusterin mediates sensitivity to protein kinase inhibitors in breast cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 26:85-9. [PMID: 25144344 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) has been shown in clinical assays for cancer, but as isolated agents, they only have a modest effect. One of the most important characteristics of mitogen-activated PKIs is their ability to decrease the apoptotic threshold of cancer cells, sensitizing them to the action of other antiapoptotic agents. The secretory clusterin protein is an inhibitor of apoptosis with a cytoprotective function. We describe the use of clusterin-specific antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA to sensitize breast carcinoma cells to several PKIs. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with antisense oligonucleotide or siRNA to clusterin and the following PKIs: H-89, chelerythrine and genistein. The three inhibitors used in this study upregulated clusterin expression and treatments that included antisense oligonucleotide or siRNA to clusterin reduced the number of viable cells more effectively than did treatment with the drugs alone. Therefore, treatment with such combinations may benefit patients with breast cancer.
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Ferreira JA, Peixoto A, Neves M, Gaiteiro C, Reis CA, Assaraf YG, Santos LL. Mechanisms of cisplatin resistance and targeting of cancer stem cells: Adding glycosylation to the equation. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 24:34-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Expression of MAPK1 in cervical cancer and effect of MAPK1 gene silencing on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:937-943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Fedotcheva TA, Shirokikh KE, Matyushin AI, Rzheznikov VM, Kovtun VY, Shimanovskii NL. The cytoprotective effect of the phytoestrogen genistein on tumor cells. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635091506007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Qian Y, Cao L, Guan T, Chen L, Xin H, Li Y, Zheng R, Yu D. Protection by genistein on cortical neurons against oxidative stress injury via inhibition of NF-kappaB, JNK and ERK signaling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1124-1132. [PMID: 25715966 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.962057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genistein, one of the isoflavones derived from soybean seeds, has been reported to exert multiple bioactivities. However, the mechanism of its action on the central nervous system is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the cytoprotection of genistein and its molecular mechanism against H2O2-induced cell death in primary rat cortical neurons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genistein (0.01, 0.1, and 1 μM) were added into the primary rat neurons 24 h before and co-cultured with 500 μM H2O2 for 1 h. Neuronal injury was assessed by MTT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, and Hoechst33258 staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by H2O2 was determined. Neuronal apoptosis was evaluated by Bcl-2/Bax ratio as well as by caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities. The protein levels and phosphorylation of NF-κB/p65, IκB, JNK, and ERK were detected by western blots. RESULTS Genistein pretreatment attenuated H2O2-mediated neuronal viability loss, nuclear condensation, and ROS generation in a concentration-dependent manner. Genistein exerted anti-apoptotic effects by reversing the apoptotic factors Bcl-2 and Bax ratio, along with the suppression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities. In addition, genistein down-regulated the expression of NF-κB/p65, and suppressed the phosphorylation of p65 and IκB. Genistein also inhibited H2O2-induced activation of the MAPK-signaling pathway including JNK and ERK. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results indicated that genistein effectively protects cortical neurons against oxidative stress at least partly via inactivation of NF-κB as well as MAPK-signaling pathways, and suggested the possibility of this antioxidant for the prevention and treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Qian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Honggu District , Nanchang , PR China
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31
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Sak K. Characteristic features of cytotoxic activity of flavonoids on human cervical cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:8007-19. [PMID: 25338977 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide and development of new therapeutic strategies and anticancer agents is an urgent priority. Plants have remained an important source in the search for novel cytotoxic compounds and several polyphenolic flavonoids possess antitumor properties. In this review article, data about potential anticarcinogenic activity of common natural flavonoids on various human cervical cancer cell lines are compiled and analyzed showing perspectives for the use of these secondary metabolites in the treatment of cervical carcinoma as well as in the development of novel chemotherapeutic drugs. Such anticancer effects of flavonoids seem to differentially depend on the cellular type and origin of cervical carcinoma creating possibilities for specific targeting in the future. Besides the cytotoxic activity per se, several flavonoids can also contribute to the increase in efficacy of conventional therapies rendering tumor cells more sensitive to standard chemotherapeutics and irradiation. Although the current knowledge is still rather scarce and further studies are certainly needed, it is clear that natural flavonoids may have a great potential to benefit cervical cancer patients.
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Preliminary in vitro evaluation of genistein chemopreventive capacity as a result of esterification and cyclodextrin encapsulation. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:262930. [PMID: 26161301 PMCID: PMC4460206 DOI: 10.1155/2015/262930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study focuses on the synthesis and analysis of a genistein ester derivative with myristic acid followed by beta cyclodextrin encapsulation; physicochemical analysis using consecrated techniques such as FTIR, MS, DSC, and SEM revealed both a successful esterification and inclusion inside the cyclodextrin cavity. Cytotoxic effects were measured in vitro on three human cell lines: HeLa (cervix adenocarcinoma), A2780 (ovary carcinoma), and A431 (skin epidermoid carcinoma). The in vitro biological analysis exhibited rather poor antiproliferative results on all three tested cancer cell lines, behavior that may be due to the high stability of the complex within the in vitro environment.
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Zhang H, Liu G, Zeng X, Wu Y, Yang C, Mei L, Wang Z, Huang L. Fabrication of genistein-loaded biodegradable TPGS-b-PCL nanoparticles for improved therapeutic effects in cervical cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:2461-73. [PMID: 25848264 PMCID: PMC4383221 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s78988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is one of the most studied isoflavonoids with potential antitumor efficacy, but its poor water solubility limits its clinical application. Nanoparticles (NPs), especially biodegradable NPs, entrapping hydrophobic drugs have promising applications to improve the water solubility of hydrophobic drugs. In this work, TPGS-b-PCL copolymer was synthesized from ε-caprolactone initiated by d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) through ring-opening polymerization and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. The genistein-loaded NPs were prepared by a modified nanoprecipitation method and characterized in the aspects of particle size, surface charge, morphology, drug loading and encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, and physical state of the entrapped drug. The TPGS-b-PCL NPs were found to have higher cellular uptake efficiency than PCL NPs. MTT and colony formation experiments indicated that genistein-loaded TPGS-b-PCL NPs achieved the highest level of cytotoxicity and tumor cell growth inhibition compared with pristine genistein and genistein-loaded PCL NPs. Furthermore, compared with pristine genistein and genistein-loaded PCL NPs, the genistein-loaded TPGS-b-PCL NPs at the same dose were more effective in inhibiting tumor growth in the subcutaneous HeLa xenograft tumor model in BALB/c nude mice. In conclusion, the results suggested that genistein-loaded biodegradable TPGS-b-PCL nanoparticles could enhance the anticancer effect of genistein both in vitro and in vivo, and may serve as a potential candidate in treating cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengming Yang
- Xili Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China ; School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Laiqiang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Evasion of anti-growth signaling: A key step in tumorigenesis and potential target for treatment and prophylaxis by natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S55-S77. [PMID: 25749195 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evasion of anti-growth signaling is an important characteristic of cancer cells. In order to continue to proliferate, cancer cells must somehow uncouple themselves from the many signals that exist to slow down cell growth. Here, we define the anti-growth signaling process, and review several important pathways involved in growth signaling: p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), retinoblastoma protein (Rb), Hippo, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A), Notch, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) pathways. Aberrations in these processes in cancer cells involve mutations and thus the suppression of genes that prevent growth, as well as mutation and activation of genes involved in driving cell growth. Using these pathways as examples, we prioritize molecular targets that might be leveraged to promote anti-growth signaling in cancer cells. Interestingly, naturally occurring phytochemicals found in human diets (either singly or as mixtures) may promote anti-growth signaling, and do so without the potentially adverse effects associated with synthetic chemicals. We review examples of naturally occurring phytochemicals that may be applied to prevent cancer by antagonizing growth signaling, and propose one phytochemical for each pathway. These are: epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for the Rb pathway, luteolin for p53, curcumin for PTEN, porphyrins for Hippo, genistein for GDF15, resveratrol for ARID1A, withaferin A for Notch and diguelin for the IGF1-receptor pathway. The coordination of anti-growth signaling and natural compound studies will provide insight into the future application of these compounds in the clinical setting.
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35
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Chen J. Signaling pathways in HPV-associated cancers and therapeutic implications. Rev Med Virol 2015; 25 Suppl 1:24-53. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhong Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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36
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Hussain A, Mohsin J, Prabhu SA, Begum S, Nusri QEA, Harish G, Javed E, Khan MA, Sharma C. Sulforaphane inhibits growth of human breast cancer cells and augments the therapeutic index of the chemotherapeutic drug, gemcitabine. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:5855-60. [PMID: 24289589 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.5855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are among the natural chemopreventive agents with most potential for delaying, blocking or reversing the initiation and promotional events of carcinogenesis. They therefore offer cancer treatment strategies to reduce cancer related death. One such promising chemopreventive agent which has attracted considerable attention is sulforaphane (SFN), which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-microbial properties. The present study was undertaken to assess effect of SFN alone and in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine, on the proliferative potential of MCF-7 cells by cell viability assay and authenticated the results by nuclear morphological examination. Further we analyzed the modulation of expression of Bcl-2 and COX-2 on treatment of these cells with SFN by RT-PCR. SFN showed cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner via an apoptotic mode of cell death. In addition, a combinational treatment of SFN and gemcitabine on MCF-7 cells resulted in growth inhibition in a synergistic manner with a combination index (CI) <1. Notably, SFN was found to significantly downregulate the expression of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic gene, and COX-2, a gene involved in inflammation, in a time-dependent manner. These results indicate that SFN induces apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects on MCF-7 cells via downregulation of Bcl-2 and COX-2 respectively. The combination of SFN and gemcitabine may potentiate the efficacy of gemcitabine and minimize the toxicity to normal cells. Taken together, SFN may be a potent anti-cancer agent for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates E-mail :
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37
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Ilić DP, Stojanović S, Najman S, Nikolić VD, Stanojević LP, Tačić A, Nikolić LB. Biological evaluation of synthesized allicin and its transformation products obtained by microwaves in methanol: antioxidant activity and effect on cell growth. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015; 29:189-194. [PMID: 26019632 PMCID: PMC4433831 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.994267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Allicin is the most biologically active substance present in garlic. It can be synthesized or obtained by extraction of fresh garlic. Transformation products of allicin are also biologically active. The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant activity of synthesized allicin and its transformation products obtained using microwaves in methanol at 55 °C as well as their effect on HeLa cells growth. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) test. The effect on HeLa cells growth was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) test. For MTT test, allicin and its transformation products were dispersed in carmellose sodium solution and examined in concentrations ranging from 0.3 μg/mL to 3 mg/mL. Allicin showed stronger antioxidant activity than the transformation products. A maximum degree of neutralization of DPPH radicals, about 90%, was reached when the concentration of allicin was 2 mg/mL, with an EC50 (concentration of sample which is required for reduction of the initial concentration DPPH radicals to 50%) value of 0.37 mg/mL. In our study, allicin and its transformation products were not cytotoxic to HeLa cells under the examined conditions. The highest concentration of allicin and its transformation products had a slight antiproliferative effect, with a more pronounced effect of allicin, which reflected on the morphology of HeLa cells. The examined substances are safe to use on epithelial cells at concentrations up to 3 mg/mL when applied in carmellose sodium solution. Using carmellose sodium as a dispersing agent could be recommended as a good approach for testing liposoluble substances in liquid cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušica P Ilić
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Technology , University of Niš , Leskovac , Serbia
| | - Sanja Stojanović
- Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , University of Niš , Niš , Serbia
| | - Stevo Najman
- Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , University of Niš , Niš , Serbia
| | - Vesna D Nikolić
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Technology , University of Niš , Leskovac , Serbia
| | - Ljiljana P Stanojević
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Technology , University of Niš , Leskovac , Serbia
| | - Ana Tačić
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Technology , University of Niš , Leskovac , Serbia
| | - Ljubiša B Nikolić
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Technology , University of Niš , Leskovac , Serbia
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Ethanolic Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Extract Prevents Growth of MCF-7 and HeLa Cells and Potentiates the Therapeutic Index of Cisplatin. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2014; 2014:321754. [PMID: 24624140 PMCID: PMC3929266 DOI: 10.1155/2014/321754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to gain insight into the antiproliferative activity of ethanolic neem leaves extract (ENLE) alone or in combination with cisplatin by cell viability assay on human breast (MCF-7) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cells. Nuclear morphological examination and cell cycle analysis were performed to determine the mode of cell death. Further, to identify its molecular targets, the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and drug metabolism was analyzed by RT-PCR. Treatment of MCF-7, HeLa, and normal cells with ENLE differentially suppressed the growth of cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner through apoptosis. Additionally, lower dose combinations of ENLE with cisplatin resulted in synergistic growth inhibition of these cells compared to the individual drugs (combination index <1). ENLE significantly modulated the expression of bax, cyclin D1, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP 1A1 and CYP 1A2) in a time-dependent manner in these cells. Conclusively, these results emphasize the chemopreventive ability of neem alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic treatment to reduce the cytotoxic effects on normal cells, while potentiating their efficacy at lower doses. Thus, neem may be a prospective therapeutic agent to combat gynecological cancers.
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Phan V, Walters J, Brownlow B, Elbayoumi T. Enhanced cytotoxicity of optimized liposomal genistein via specific induction of apoptosis in breast, ovarian and prostate carcinomas. J Drug Target 2013; 21:1001-11. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.847099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wu HH, Lee TH, Tee YT, Chen SC, Yang SF, Lee SK, Ko JL, Wang PH. Relationships of single nucleotide polymorphisms of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and chemokine receptor 2 with susceptibility and clinicopathologic characteristics of neoplasia of uterine cervix in Taiwan women. Reprod Sci 2013; 20:1175-83. [PMID: 23427179 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113477481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Few studies reported the implication of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and its receptor chemokine receptor 2 (CCR-2) in clinical significance of cancer of uterine cervix. We hypothesized that SNPs of MCP-1 and CCR-2 may affect the expression of these genes and then proteins. Therefore, we investigated the influence of the gene polymorphisms of MCP-1 and CCR-2 on the susceptibility and clinicopathologic characteristics of cervical neoplasia in Taiwan women. We recruited 86 patients with invasive cancer and 61 with high-grade dysplasia and 253 control women and selected 1 MCP-1 SNP rs1024611 (-2518G/A) and 1 CCR-2 SNP rs1799864 (190G/A; V64I) to determine their genotypes distribution using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. In comparison to normal individuals with homozygotes GG in MCP-2 SNP, women with GA or AA carried a 2.01 odds ratio of developing cervical cancer. Nevertheless, it was not demonstrated in CCR-2 SNP. Furthermore, women with mutant homozygote (AA) of MCP-1 SNP increased the risk of deep stromal invasion, large tumor diameter, and parametrium invasion of cervical cancer, when compared to those with wild homozygote GG or heterozygote GA. However, women with mutant homozygotes (AA) of CCR-2 SNP did not increase the risk of poor clinicopathologic characteristics. In conclusion, MCP-1 SNP may be correlated with the development, deep stromal invasion, large tumor diameter, and parametrium invasion of cervical cancer but not with cancer recurrence or survival of Taiwan women patients with cancer. However, the SNP of its receptor, CCR-2, is not implicated in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hung Wu
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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