1
|
Lu G, Cai Z, Jiang R, Tong F, Tu J, Chen Y, Fu Y, Sun J, Zhang T. Reduced expression of E-cadherin correlates with poor prognosis and unfavorable clinicopathological features in gastric carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:205929. [PMID: 38870263 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most fatal human malignancies globally, with a median survival time less than 1 year. E-cadherin exerts a crucial role in the development and progression of GC as an adhesive, invasive suppressor gene. Whether reduced E-cadherin has an impact on prognosis, clinicopathological features for GC has been well studied, but no conclusive results has been obtained. METHODS Eligible studies and relevant data were obtained from PubMed, Elsevier, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases until June 30, 2023. A fixed- or random-effects model was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Correlation of E-cadherin expression with overall survival (OS), clinicopathological features and risk factors were evaluated. RESULTS 36 studies fulfilled the selected criteria. 9048 cases were included. This meta-analysis showed that patients with GC with reduced E-cadherin had unfavourable clinicopathological features and poor OS. The pooled ORs of one-, three- and five-year OS were 0.38 (n = 25 studies, 95%CI: 0.25-0.57, Z = 4.61, P < 0.00001), 0.33 (n = 25 studies, 95% CI: 0.23-0.47, Z = 6.22, P < 0.00001), 0.27 (n = 22 studies, 95% CI: 0.18-0.41, Z = 6.23, P < 0.00001), respectively. Moreover, reduced E-cadherin expression significantly correlated with differentiation grade (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.22-0.39, Z = 8.58, P < 0.00001), depth of invasion (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.36-0.66, Z = 4.58, P < 0.00001), lymphatic node metastasis (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.38-0.64, Z = 5.38, P < 0.00001), distant metastasis (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.62-3.09, Z = 4.88, P < 0.00001), peritoneal metastasis (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.39-3.39, Z = 3.40, P = 0.0007), TNM stage (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.28-0.61, Z = 4.44, P < 0.00001), lymphatic vessel invasion (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.11-2.82, Z = 2.39, P = 0.02), vascular invasion (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.22-1.96, Z = 3.58, P = 0.0003), Lauren type (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.21-0.57, Z = 4.14, P < 0.0001), Borrmann classification (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.25-0.99, Z = 1.97, P = 0.048) and tumor size (≥5 cm vs. <5 cm: OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.34-2.23, Z = 4.19, P < 0.0001; ≥6 cm vs. <6 cm: OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.51-3.49, Z = 3.87, P = 0.0001). No significant association was observed between reduced E-cadherin expression and liver metastasis, perineural invasion, alcohol consumption, smoking status, familial history, Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. CONCLUSIONS The reduced expression of E-cadherin is significantly correlated with poor OS and unfavourable clinicopathological features in GC. The expression level of E-cadherin not only serves as a predictor for disease progression and prognosis in GC but also emerges as a novel therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genlin Lu
- Department of General Surgery (Key Disciplines of Medicine in Quzhou City), Longyou County People’s Hospital, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
| | - Zhai Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Renya Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of General Surgery (Key Disciplines of Medicine in Quzhou City), Longyou County People’s Hospital, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
| | - Jinming Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longyou County People’s Hospital, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
| | - Yandong Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Key Disciplines of Medicine in Quzhou City), Longyou County People’s Hospital, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
| | - Yinglan Fu
- Department of General Surgery (Key Disciplines of Medicine in Quzhou City), Longyou County People’s Hospital, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Department of General Surgery (Key Disciplines of Medicine in Quzhou City), Longyou County People’s Hospital, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Key Disciplines of Medicine in Quzhou City), Longyou County People’s Hospital, Longyou People’s Hospital Affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324400, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoon J, Yoo SY, Park YS, Choi KD, Kim BS, Yoo MW, Lee IS, Yook JH, Kim GH, Na HK, Ahn JY, Lee JH, Jung KW, Kim DH, Song HJ, Lee GH, Jung HY. Reevaluation of the expanded indications in undifferentiated early gastric cancer for endoscopic submucosal dissection. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1548-1562. [PMID: 35582127 PMCID: PMC9048457 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i15.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the criteria for the indication of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for undifferentiated early gastric cancer (UD-EGC) have been recently proposed, accumulating reports on the non-negligible rate of lymph node metastasis (LNM) after indicated ESD raise questions on the reliability of the current criteria.
AIM To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of LNM in UD-EGC cases meeting the expanded indication for ESD.
METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 4780 UD-EGC cases that underwent surgical resection between January 2008 and February 2019 at Asan Medical Center, a tertiary university hospital in Korea. To identify the risk factors of LNM of UD-EGC meeting the expanded criteria for ESD, we performed a case-control study by matching the cases with LNM to those without at a ratio of 1:4. We reviewed the clinical, endoscopic, and histologic features of the cases to identify features with a significant difference according to the presence of LNM. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs).
RESULTS Of the 4780 UD-EGC cases, 1240 (25.9%) were identified to meet the expanded indication for ESD. Of the 1240 cases, 14 (1.1%) cases had LNM. Among the various clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological features that were evaluated, mixed histology (tumors consisting of 10%-90% of signet ring cells) had a marginally significant association (P = 0.059) with the risk of LNM. Moreover, diffuse blurring of the muscularis mucosae (MM) underneath the tumorous epithelium, a previously unrecognized histologic feature, had a significant association with the absence of LNM (P = 0.028). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the blurring of MM was the only explanatory variable significantly associated with a reduced risk of LNM (OR: 0.12, 95%CI: 0.02-0.95; P = 0.045).
CONCLUSION The risk of LNM is higher than expected when using the current expanded indication for UD-EGC. Histological evaluation could provide useful clues for reducing the risk of LNM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Yoon
- -Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Kee Don Choi
- -Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Beom Su Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Moon-Won Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - In Seob Lee
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Yook
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Ga Hee Kim
- -Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Hee Kyong Na
- -Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Ji Yong Ahn
- -Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- -Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Kee Wook Jung
- -Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- -Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Ho June Song
- -Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Gin Hyug Lee
- -Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Hwoon-Yong Jung
- -Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
E-cadherin Expression in Canine Gastric Carcinomas: Association with Clinicopathological Parameters. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040172. [PMID: 35448670 PMCID: PMC9027758 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin (E-cad) is a cell-adhesion molecule known for its tumor-invasion suppressor function. E-cad expression was examined immunohistochemically in a series of canine tissue samples, including normal gastric mucosa (NGM; n = 3), gastric carcinomas (GC; n = 33), adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa (NNM; n = 32), neoplastic emboli (n = 16) and metastatic lesions (n = 9). The relationship between E-cad expression and clinicopathological features were investigated. In NGM, epithelial cells showed strong latero-lateral membranous expression of E-cad, and this pattern was considered normal. The membranous staining was preserved in all specimens of NNM (100%), whereas abnormal E-cad expression was found in 87.9% of the GCs. A marked difference in E-cad expression was observed between normal and malignant tissues (p < 0.0002). Abnormal E-cad expression was significantly more frequent in poorly/undifferentiated carcinomas (96%) and diffuse (95%) and indeterminate carcinomas (100%) than in well-differentiated/intestinal ones (62.5%; p = 0.0115 and p = 0.0392, respectively). There was significant association between abnormal E-cad expression and the depth of invasion (p = 0.0117), and the presence neoplastic emboli (p = 0.0194). No statistically significant differences in E-cad expression were observed concerning tumor location, histological type according to WHO classification, and presence of metastatic lesions. Therefore, deregulation of E-cad expression may play a role in canine gastric carcinogenesis and in tumor progression; moreover, it might be a prognostic tool for canine gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jin X, Wu W, Zhao J, Song S, Zhang C, Sun W, Lv B. Clinical Features and Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Signet Ring Cell Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:630675. [PMID: 34307118 PMCID: PMC8302221 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.630675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) was previously thought to have a worse prognosis than differentiated gastric carcinoma (DC). However, recent studies have shown that its prognosis is related to staging. Here, we analyzed the clinicopathological features and the rate of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in 2166 patients with gastric cancer (605 early and 1561 advanced cases) who underwent gastrectomy and lymph node dissection (D2) from 2016 to 2019. The LNM rate for early and advanced cases was 18.0% and 74.2%, respectively. Regarding early cases, the LNM rate in SRCC was similar to that in DC (10% vs. 16.1%, p=0.224), and significantly lower than that in undifferentiated carcinoma (UDC; 10% vs. 23.3%, p=0.024). Tumor size, infiltration depth, pathological type, and mixed type were risk factors for LNM in early cases. Regarding intramucosal cases, the LNM rate in SRCC was similar to that in DC (4.3% vs. 3.7%, p=0.852), and significantly lower than that in UDC (11.2%). The LNM rate was significantly higher in submucosal than intramucosal cases (28.1% vs. 6.3%, p<0.001), and in early mixed cases than early pure cases (23.2% vs. 12.4%, p<0.001). Regarding early pure cases, the LNM rate in SRCC was similar to that in DC (9.3% vs. 7.2%, p=0.641), but significantly lower than that in UDC (9.3% vs. 24.7%, p=0.039). In summary, the LNM rate in early SRCC was similar to that in early DC but significantly lower than that in early UDC. Early SRCC fits with the endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) indication related to undifferentiated cases, and ESD may be effective. Additionally, the LNM rate was markedly higher for submucosal cases than intramucosal cases, and for mixed cases than pure cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Song
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyong Sun
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wan Mohd Tajuddin WNB, Lajis NH, Abas F, Othman I, Naidu R. Mechanistic Understanding of Curcumin's Therapeutic Effects in Lung Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2989. [PMID: 31817718 PMCID: PMC6950067 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is among the most common cancers with a high mortality rate worldwide. Despite the significant advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, lung cancer prognoses and survival rates remain poor due to late diagnosis, drug resistance, and adverse effects. Therefore, new intervention therapies, such as the use of natural compounds with decreased toxicities, have been considered in lung cancer therapy. Curcumin, a natural occurring polyphenol derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been studied extensively in recent years for its therapeutic effects. It has been shown that curcumin demonstrates anti-cancer effects in lung cancer through various mechanisms, including inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, induction of apoptosis, epigenetic alterations, and regulation of microRNA expression. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that these mechanisms are modulated by multiple molecular targets such as STAT3, EGFR, FOXO3a, TGF-β, eIF2α, COX-2, Bcl-2, PI3KAkt/mTOR, ROS, Fas/FasL, Cdc42, E-cadherin, MMPs, and adiponectin. In addition, limitations, strategies to overcome curcumin bioavailability, and potential side effects as well as clinical trials were also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nur Baitty Wan Mohd Tajuddin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (W.N.B.W.M.T.); (I.O.)
| | - Nordin H. Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (W.N.B.W.M.T.); (I.O.)
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (W.N.B.W.M.T.); (I.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Joo MK. Aberrant Expression of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Markers in Early Gastric Cancer: Clinical Application. Clin Endosc 2019; 52:393-394. [PMID: 31544448 PMCID: PMC6785421 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2019.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Kyung Joo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sharma A, De R, Javed S, Srinivasan R, Pal A, Bhattacharyya S. Sonic hedgehog pathway activation regulates cervical cancer stem cell characteristics during epithelial to mesenchymal transition. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15726-15741. [PMID: 30714153 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to therapy and metastasis remains one of the leading causes of mortality due to cervical cancer despite advances in detection and treatment. The mechanism of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) provides conceptual explanation to the invasiveness and metastatic spread of cancer but it has not been fully understood in cervical cancer. This study aims to investigate the mechanism by which silencing of E-cadherin gene regulates EMT leading to proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance of cervical cancer cells through the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. We developed an in vitro EMT model by the knockdown of E-cadherin expression in cervical cancer cell lines. To understand the role of developmental pathway like Hh in the progression of cervical cancer, we investigated the expression of Hh pathway mediators by array in E-cadherin low cervical cancer cells and observed upregulation of Hh pathway. This was further validated on low passage patient-derived cell lines and cervical carcinoma tissue sections from cervical cancer patients. Further, we evaluated the role of two inhibitors (cyclopamine and GANT58) of the Hh pathway on invasiveness and apoptosis in E-cadherin low cervical cancer cells. In conclusion, we observed that inhibition of Hh pathway with GANT58 along with current therapeutic procedures could be more effective in targeting drug-resistant EMT cells and bulk tumor cells in cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuka Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Renaissa De
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shifa Javed
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Radhika Srinivasan
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Korga A, Ostrowska M, Iwan M, Skierucha M, Józefczyk A, Pawłowski P, Dudka J, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. Ethanol extracts of Allium sp. regulate cyclooxygenase-2 and E-cadherin expression in gastric cancer MKN74 cell line and enhance doxorubicin toxicity. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:3449. [PMID: 31297043 PMCID: PMC6604903 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Its aetiology is multifactorial, but the major risk factor is a high in salt diet. During gastric carcinogenesis, cadherin-1 (CDH1) down-expression and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) overexpression may be observed. The intensity of these alterations contributes to the GC invasion, its metastases and poor prognosis. As the diet plays a significant role in the aetiology of GC, it is reasonable to include the nutritional chemoprevention agents. One of the plant genus demonstrating chemoprotective properties is Allium genus, which includes garlic. The relationship between CDH1 and COX2 in GC cells treated with Allium species extract has never been evaluated. Methods In this study, the MKN28 and MKN74 GC cell lines were treated with ethanol extracts of Allium angulosum L., Allium lusitanicum Lam., Allium sativum L. (from Malaysia and Poland), Allium tibeticum Rendle and Allium ursinum L. The cytotoxicity of the extracts and their influence on COX2 and CDH1 mRNA and protein expression were evaluated as well as their influence on doxorubicin's (DOX) efficacy - a drug that has been used in GC treatment. Results Among the tested species, ethanol extracts of A. sativum L. (Poland and Malaysia), A. tibeticum Rendle and A. ursinum L. influenced the levels of CDH1 and COX2, but only in the MKN74 cell line. Thus, it is possible that tumours with increased COX2 expression will be more susceptible to garlic treatment. Observed phenomenon was independent of Allium extract's toxicity. In comparison to DOX, tested extracts were more toxic. Moreover, A. sativum revealed synergistic effect with the drug. Conclusion In conclusion, the results indicate the potential application of Allium genus to GC chemoprevention and treatment support through CDH restoration and COX2 downregulation. This issue needs further investigations as it might be used in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Korga
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Ostrowska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Iwan
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Skierucha
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Surgical Oncology Department, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Józefczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Pawłowski
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dudka
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Robert Sitarz
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
CT textural analysis of gastric cancer: correlations with immunohistochemical biomarkers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11844. [PMID: 30087428 PMCID: PMC6081398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the ability of CT texture analysis to assess and predict the expression statuses of E-cadherin, Ki67, VEGFR2 and EGFR in gastric cancers, the enhanced CT images of 139 patients with gastric cancer were retrospectively reviewed. The region of interest was manually drawn along the margin of the lesion on the largest slice in the arterial and venous phases, which yielded a series of texture parameters. Our results showed that the standard deviation, width, entropy, entropy (H), correlation and contrast from the arterial and venous phases were significantly correlated with the E-cadherin expression level in gastric cancers (all P < 0.05). The skewness from the arterial phase and the mean and autocorrelation from the venous phase were negatively correlated with the Ki67 expression level in gastric cancers (all P < 0.05). The width, entropy and contrast from the venous phase were positively correlated with the VEGFR2 expression level in gastric cancers (all P < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between the texture features and EGFR expression level. CT texture analysis, which had areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) ranging from 0.612 to 0.715, holds promise in predicting E-cadherin, Ki67 and VEGFR2 expression levels in gastric cancers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mazza T, Copetti M, Capocefalo D, Fusilli C, Biagini T, Carella M, De Bonis A, Mastrodonato N, Piepoli A, Pazienza V, Maiello E, di Mola FF, di Sebastiano P, Andriulli A, Tavano F. MicroRNA co-expression networks exhibit increased complexity in pancreatic ductal compared to Vater's papilla adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105320-105339. [PMID: 29285254 PMCID: PMC5739641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNA expression abnormalities in adenocarcinoma arising from pancreatic ductal system (PDAC) and Vater's papilla (PVAC) could be associated with distinctive pathologic features and clinical cancer behaviours. Our previous miRNA expression profiling data on PDAC (n=9) and PVAC (n=4) were revaluated to define differences/similarities in miRNA expression patterns. Afterwards, in order to uncover target genes and core signalling pathways regulated by specific miRNAs in these two tumour entities, miRNA interaction networks were wired for each tumour entity, and experimentally validated target genes underwent pathways enrichment analysis. One hundred and one miRNAs were altered, mainly over-expressed, in PDAC samples. Twenty-six miRNAs were deregulated in PVAC samples, where more miRNAs were down-expressed in tumours compared to normal tissues. Four miRNAs were significantly altered in both subgroups of patients, while 27 miRNAs were differentially expressed between PDAC and PVAC. Although miRNA interaction networks were more complex and dense in PDAC than in PVAC, pathways enrichment analysis uncovered a functional overlapping between PDAC and PVAC. However, shared signalling events were influenced by different miRNA and/or genes in the two tumour entities. Overall, specific miRNA expression patterns were involved in the regulation of a limited core signalling pathways in the biology landscape of PDAC and PVAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Mazza
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Research Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Capocefalo
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Research Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Haematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Caterina Fusilli
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Research Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Research Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Medical Genetics Unit, Research Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Antonio De Bonis
- Department of Surgery, Research Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | | | - Ada Piepoli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Department of Oncology IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Research Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | | | | | - Angelo Andriulli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Francesca Tavano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ren T, Piperdi S, Koirala P, Park A, Zhang W, Ivenitsky D, Zhang Y, Villanueva-Siles E, Hawkins DS, Roth M, Gorlick R. CD49b inhibits osteogenic differentiation and plays an important role in osteosarcoma progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87848-87859. [PMID: 29152125 PMCID: PMC5675677 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a cancer whose cell of origin lies in the differentiation pathway between the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and the osteoblast (OB). In this study, we sought to determine if surface markers associated with osteoblastic differentiation are involved in osteosarcoma progression. cDNA expression arrays were performed on MSCs and osteoblasts to identify differentially expressed genes. The specificity of candidate genes for osteoblast differentiation was assessed through time course experiments in differentiation media with confirmation utilizing CD49b transfected MSCs. In addition, CD49b was transfected into osteosarcoma cell lines to determine its impact on cell proliferation, motility, and invasion. Finally, the expression of CD49b was assessed in osteosarcoma patient samples and correlated with survival outcomes. cDNA expression arrays identified a list of genes differentially expressed between MSCs and osteoblasts with a subset of those genes encoding cell surface proteins. Three genes were selected for further analysis, based on qPCR validation, but only CD49b was selective for osteoblastic differentiation. Forced expression of CD49b in MSCs led to delayed osteoblastic differentiation. Down-regulation of CD49b expression in osteosarcoma cell lines resulted in inhibition of their migration and invasion capacity. CD49b expression in osteosarcoma patients was associated with presence of metastases and inferior 5 year overall survival (31.4% vs. 57.4%, p=0.03). Surface proteins involved in osteosarcoma cell differentiation, such as CD49b, have the potential to serve as prognostic biomarkers, and may lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sajida Piperdi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Pratistha Koirala
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amy Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wendong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daria Ivenitsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Douglas S Hawkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim B, Kim YS, Ahn HM, Lee HJ, Jung MK, Jeong HY, Choi DK, Lee JH, Lee SR, Kim JM, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 5 overexpression enhances tumorigenicity and correlates with poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:298-306. [PMID: 28535004 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
13
|
Ahn HM, Yoo JW, Lee S, Lee HJ, Lee HS, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 5 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:580-586. [PMID: 28431931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is common cause of cancer-related deaths. The high mortality rate of patients with colon cancer is due to cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Initiation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for the tumorigenesis. Peroxiredoinxs (PRX1-6) have been reported to be overexpressed in various tumor tissues, and involved to be responsible for tumor progression. However, the exact role of PRX5 in colon cancer remains to be investigated enhancing proliferation and promoting EMT properties. In this study, we constructed stably overexpressing PRX5 and suppressed PRX5 expression in CRC cells. Our results revealed that PRX5 overexpression significantly enhanced CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. On the other hand, PRX5 suppression markedly inhibited these EMT properties. PRX5 was also demonstrated to regulate the expression of two hallmark EMT proteins, E-cadherin and Vimentin, and the EMT-inducing transcription factors, Snail and Slug. Moreover, in the xenograft mouse model, showed that PRX5 overexpression enhances tumor growth of CRC cells. Thus, our findings first provide evidence in CRC that PRX5 promotes EMT properties by inducing the expression of EMT-inducing transcription factors. Therefore, PRX5 can be used as a predictive biomarker and serves as a putative therapeutic target for the development of clinical treatments for human CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Mi Ahn
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Yoo
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jun Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yoshida S, Yamashita S, Niwa T, Mori A, Ito S, Ichinose M, Ushijima T. Epigenetic inactivation of FAT4 contributes to gastric field cancerization. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:136-145. [PMID: 26792292 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-016-0593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is highly influenced by aberrant methylation, and accumulation of aberrant methylation in gastric mucosae produces an epigenetic field for cancerization. Nevertheless, the individual driver genes involved in such field cancerization are still unclear. Here, we aimed to demonstrate that FAT4, a novel tumor suppressor identified by exome sequencing of GC, is methylation-silenced and that such methylation is involved in epigenetic field cancerization for GC. METHODS A transcription start site was determined by the 5' rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends method. DNA methylation was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing with use of a next-generation sequencer or quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS A single transcription start site was identified for FAT4 in gastric epithelial cells, and a CpG island was located in the FAT4 promoter region. FAT4 was highly methylated in two of 13 GC cell lines and was not expressed in them. Removal of FAT4 methylation by a DNA demethylating agent (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) restored its expression in the two cell lines. In primary GC samples, FAT4 was methylated in 12 of 82 GCs (14.6 %). FAT4 methylation was associated with the presence of the CpG island methylator phenotype but not with prognosis, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, or histological types. In noncancerous gastric mucosae, high FAT4 methylation levels were associated with the presence of GC and Helicobacter pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS FAT4 was methylation-silenced in GCs. Its methylation in gastric mucosae was associated with H. pylori infection and likely contributed to epigenetic field cancerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yoshida
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tohru Niwa
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akiko Mori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Seiji Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masao Ichinose
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang X, Liu J, Liang X, Chen J, Hong J, Li L, He Q, Cai X. History and progression of Fat cadherins in health and disease. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:7337-7343. [PMID: 27942226 PMCID: PMC5138043 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s111176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesions are vital hubs for signaling pathways during multicellular development and animal morphogenesis. In eukaryotes, under aberrant intracellular conditions, cadherins are abnormally regulated, which can result in cellular pathologies such as carcinoma, kidney disease, and autoimmune diseases. As a member of the Ca2+-dependent adhesion super-family, Fat proteins were first described in the 1920s as an inheritable lethal mutant phenotype in Drosophila, consisting of four member proteins, FAT1, FAT2, FAT3, and FAT4, all of which are highly conserved in structure. Functionally, FAT1 was found to regulate cell migration and growth control through specific protein–protein interactions of its cytoplasmic tail. FAT2 and FAT3 are relatively less studied and are thought to participate in the development of human cancer through a pathway similar to that of the Ena/VASP proteins. In contrast, FAT4 has been widely studied in the context of biological functions and tumor mechanisms and has been shown to regulate the planar cell polarity pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway, the canonical Wnt signaling cascade, and the expression of YAP1. Overall, Fat cadherins may be useful as emerging disease biomarkers and as novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery; Key Laboratory of Surgery of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of General Surgery; Key Laboratory of Surgery of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery; Key Laboratory of Surgery of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Junjie Hong
- Department of General Surgery; Key Laboratory of Surgery of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Libo Li
- Department of General Surgery
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery; Key Laboratory of Surgery of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
In the literature, sufficient attention has not been paid to the precise subcellular localization of immunohistochemical signals, the knowledge of which is essential for proper interpretation of immunostains and distinction of genuine staining from biotin-associated or other nonspecific stainings. The subcellular localization of the signals can in fact be easily deduced from the known biologic or ultrastructural characteristics of the antigens. Extracellular antigens obviously are located in the extracellular compartment. Cellular antigens fall into 3 major groups: membranous, nuclear, and cytoplasmic. Membranous antigens include cell adhesion molecules (such as E-cadherin, N-CAM), cell surface/transmembrane receptors and proteins (such as tyrosine kinase receptors, most leukocyte antigens, CD10, CEA), and molecules linking surface molecules to cytoskeleton (such as β-catenin, dystrophin). Nuclear antigens include cell cycle-associated proteins (such as cyclins, p16, Ki-67), nuclear enzymes (such as TdT), transcription factors (such as TTF-1, CDX-2, myogenin, PAX-5), tumor suppressor gene products (such as p53, p63, WT1, Rb), steroid hormone receptors (such as ER, PR), calcium-binding proteins (such as S-100 protein, calretinin), and some viral proteins (such as CMV, herpes). Cytoplasmic antigens can take up a granular pattern due to localization in organelles, granules, or secretory vesicles (such as chromogranin, hormones, lysozyme, HMB-45), fibrillary pattern attributable to the filamentous nature of the molecules (intermediate filaments and microfilaments), or diffuse or patchy pattern due to localization in the cytosol or large vesicles (such as myoglobin, albumin, thyroglobulin). Aberrant localization of the molecules, when present, can provide important insight into disease processes and aid in their diagnosis, such as loss of membranous E-cadherin expression in lobular breast carcinoma, aberrant nuclear localization of β-catenin in colorectal adenocarcinoma, pattern of ALK staining in anaplastic large cell lymphoma correlating with the different types of chromosomal translocations, presence of additional cytoplasmic CD10 staining in the enterocytes indicative of microvillous inclusion disease, and “reversed” staining for EMA in micropapillary mammary carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Cheuk
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tasso M, Singh MK, Giovanelli E, Fragola A, Loriette V, Regairaz M, Dautry F, Treussart F, Lenkei Z, Lequeux N, Pons T. Oriented Bioconjugation of Unmodified Antibodies to Quantum Dots Capped with Copolymeric Ligands as Versatile Cellular Imaging Tools. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26904-26913. [PMID: 26551755 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Distinctive optical properties of inorganic quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles promise highly valuable probes for fluorescence-based detection methods, particularly for in vivo diagnostics, cell phenotyping via multiple markers or single molecule tracking. However, despite high hopes, this promise has not been fully realized yet, mainly due to difficulties at producing stable, nontoxic QD bioconjugates of negligible nonspecific binding. Here, a universal platform for antibody binding to QDs is presented that builds upon the controlled functionalization of CdSe/CdS/ZnS nanoparticles capped with a multidentate dithiol/zwitterion copolymer ligand. In a change-of-paradigm approach, thiol groups are concomitantly used as anchoring and bioconjugation units to covalently bind up to 10 protein A molecules per QD while preserving their long-term colloidal stability. Protein A conjugated to QDs then enables the oriented, stoichiometrically controlled immobilization of whole, unmodified antibodies by simple incubation. This QD-protein A immobilization platform displays remarkable antibody functionality retention after binding, usually a compromised property in antibody conjugation to surfaces. Typical QD-protein A-antibody assemblies contain about three fully functional antibodies. Validation experiments show that these nanobioconjugates overcome current limitations since they retain their colloidal stability and antibody functionality over 6 months, exhibit low nonspecific interactions with live cells and have very low toxicity: after 48 h incubation with 1 μM QD bioconjugates, HeLa cells retain more than 80% of their cellular metabolism. Finally, these QD nanobioconjugates possess a high specificity for extra- and intracellular targets in live and fixed cells. The dithiol/zwitterion QD-protein A nanoconjugates have thus a latent potential to become an off-the-shelf tool destined to unresolved biological questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Tasso
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6; LPEM , 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Manish K Singh
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, ENS Cachan, Univ. Paris-Saclay , Bâtiment 505, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Emerson Giovanelli
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6; LPEM , 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Alexandra Fragola
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6; LPEM , 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Vincent Loriette
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6; LPEM , 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Marie Regairaz
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Pharmacologie Appliquée, CNRS, ENS Cachan, Univ. Paris-Saclay , 61, Avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - François Dautry
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Pharmacologie Appliquée, CNRS, ENS Cachan, Univ. Paris-Saclay , 61, Avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - François Treussart
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, ENS Cachan, Univ. Paris-Saclay , Bâtiment 505, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Zsolt Lenkei
- Brain Plasticity Unit, PSL Research University, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS UMR 8249 , 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Lequeux
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6; LPEM , 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Thomas Pons
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6; LPEM , 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen YL, Song JJ, Chen XC, Xu W, Zhi Q, Liu YP, Xu HZ, Pan JS, Ren JL, Guleng B. Mechanisms of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform inhibits cell motility in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:9093-102. [PMID: 26290635 PMCID: PMC4533040 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i30.9093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate biological mechanisms underlying pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) regulation of cell migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS HepG2 and Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines were stably transfected and cultured in DMEM (HyClone, Logan, UT, United States). To investigate the effects of PKM2 on cellular proliferation, hepatocellular carcinoma cells were subjected to the Cell Counting Kit-8 (Dojindo, Kamimashiki-gun, Kumamoto, Japan). And investigate the effects of PKM2 on cell signal pathway related with migration and invasion, Western immunoblotting were used to find out the differential proteins. All the antibody used was purchaseed from Cell Signal Technology. In order to explore cell motility used Transwell invasion and wound healing assays. The transwell plate with 0.5 mg/mL collagen type I (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA)-coated filters. The wound-healing assay was performed in 6-well plates. Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, CA, United States) and then reverse transcription was conducted. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was performed with the ABI 7500 real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems). We further use digital gene expression tag profiling and identification of differentially expressed genes. RESULTS The cells seeded in four 96-well plates were measured OD450 by conducted Cell Counting Kit-8. From this conduction we observed that both HepG2 and Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells with silenced PKM2 turn on a proliferate inhibition; however, cell migration and invasion were enhanced compared with the control upon stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF). Our results indicate that the knockdown of PKM2 decreased the expression of E-cadherin and enhanced the activity of the EGF/EGFR signaling pathway, furthermore up-regulate the subsequent signal molecular the PLCγ1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 expression in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2 and Huh-7, which regulates cell motility. These variations we observed were due to the activation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway after PKM2 knockdown. We also found that the expression of TGFBRI was increased and the phosphorylation of Smad2 was enhanced. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that PKM2 can regulate cell motility through the EGF/EGFR and TGFβ/TGFR signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. CONCLUSION PKM2 play different roles in modulating the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and this finding could help to guide the future targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin Y, Yuan J, Wang L, Wang L, Ma Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhao H. Correlation between SNPs in CDH1 and gastric cancer in Chinese population. Open Med (Wars) 2014; 10:57-62. [PMID: 28352678 PMCID: PMC5152961 DOI: 10.1515/med-2015-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many recent studies revealed that the single nucleotide polymorphisms have considerable effects on the susceptibility of cancer, such as prostate cancer, lung cancer and gastric cancer. The E-cadherin, a calcium-dependent transmembrane glycoprotein encoded by CDH1 gene, is critical for epithelial construction, intercellular adhesion and cell migration. Some associations have been reported between single nucleotide polymorphisms and gastric cancer in the Chinese population. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the single nucleotide polymorphism in CDH1 gene is associated with the susceptibility of gastric cancer in the Chinese population. MATERIAL AND METHODS The genotypes of 5 known single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs33935154, rs121964871, rs121964874, rs121964875, rs121964876) were determined in 359 gastric cancer patients and 368 healthy controls. High resolution melting curve detection and sequencing analysis were used in the present study. RESULTS There is a statistical significance in the rs121964871 C>G polymorphism between gastric cancer patients and healthy controls (OR=1.769, 95%CI: 1.051-2.976). Elderly male individuals (>50 years of age) carrying this risk factor may be more susceptible to gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the rs121964871 C>G polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility of gastric cancer in the Chinese population, with some age and sex-dependent tendencies observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Lin
- Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Danyang, China, Danyang Hospital affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China
| | - Jintao Yuan
- Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Danyang, China, Danyang Hospital affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Danyang, China, Danyang Hospital affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Danyang Blood Center of Jiangsu Province, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China
| | - Yunjia Ma
- Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Danyang, China, Danyang Hospital affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Danyang, China, Danyang Hospital affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Danyang, China, Danyang Hospital affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Danyang, China, Danyang Hospital affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Does tumor size improve the accuracy of prognostic predictions in node-negative gastric cancer (pT1-4aN0M0 stage)? PLoS One 2014; 9:e101061. [PMID: 25003849 PMCID: PMC4086925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic importance of tumor size in gastric cancer is unclear. This study investigated whether the inclusion of tumor size could improve prognostic accuracy in node-negative gastric cancer. Methods Clinical and pathological data of 492 patients with node-negative gastric cancer who underwent radical surgery in our department from January 1995 to December 2008 were analyzed. The prognostic accuracy of T stage was compared with that of T stage plus tumor size. The ability of tumor size to improve the 95% confidence interval (CI) of postoperative 5-year survival rate in gastric cancer patients was assessed. Different T stages plus tumor size were further analyzed to assess improvements in prognosis. Results Mean tumor size was 3.79±1.98 cm with a normal distribution. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size and T stage were independent prognostic factors. Postoperative 5-year survival rate tended to decrease as tumor size increased in 1 cm increments. The addition of tumor size to T stage improved accuracy in predicting 5-year survival by 4.2% (P<0.05), as well as improving the 95% CI of postoperative 5-year survival rate by 3.2–5.1%. The addition of tumor size improved the predictive accuracy of postoperative 5-year survival rate by 3.9% (95% CI 70.4%–91.1%, P = 0.033) in patients with stage T3N0M0 tumors and by 6.5% (95% CI 68.7%–88.4%, P = 0.014) in patients with stage T4aN0M0 tumors. Conclusions Tumor size is an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with node-negative gastric cancer, as well as improving prognostic accuracy in stage T3/4aN0M0 tumors.
Collapse
|
21
|
Prediction of tumor recurrence after curative resection in gastric carcinoma based on bcl-2 expression. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:40. [PMID: 24555747 PMCID: PMC3996074 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are currently no reliable predictive factors for gastric cancer recurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between bcl-2 expression and risk of gastric cancer recurrence. Methods From January 1996 to December 2007, 449 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative resection were retrospectively studied. The expression levels of bcl-2 were examined by immunohistochemistry. Logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for overall recurrence of gastric cancer. Results 151 patients (33.6%) experienced recurrences. The median time to recurrence was 17.0 months, 113 (74.8%) patients had recurrences within 2 years. Peritoneal recurrence was the most prevalent pattern, followed by hematogenous metastasis in which the liver was the most common site. Depth of invasion, lymph node metastases, and negative expression of bcl-2 were independent risk factors for overall recurrence. The overall survival time of recurrent patients was 22.7 months. The median survival time after recurrence was 6.7 months. Conclusion The depth of invasion, lymph node metastases and expression of bcl-2 are independent factors for predicting gastric cancer recurrence.
Collapse
|
22
|
Clinicopathologic study of node-negative advanced gastric cancer and analysis of factors predicting its recurrence and prognosis. Am J Surg 2013; 205:623-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
23
|
Altered expression of β-catenin, E-cadherin, and E-cadherin promoter methylation in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2459-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
24
|
Xing X, Tang YB, Yuan G, Wang Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Chen M. The prognostic value of E-cadherin in gastric cancer: A meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2589-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
25
|
Crescence L, Beraud E, Sbarra V, Bernard JP, Lombardo D, Mas E. Targeting a novel onco-glycoprotein antigen at tumoral pancreatic cell surface by mAb16D10 induces cell death. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:3386-96. [PMID: 22956586 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The mAb16D10 was raised against a pathological onco-glycoform of bile salt-dependent lipase isolated from the pancreatic juice of a patient suffering from a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We previously showed that mAb16D10 specifically discriminates human pancreatic tumor tissues from other cancer and nontumor tissues. In this study, we report that mAb16D10 inhibited the proliferation of only human pancreatic tumor cells expressing 16D10 plasma membrane Ag. Interaction of mAb16D10 with its cognate surface Ag on pancreatic cells promoted cell death by activation of the p53- and caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway, and silencing of p53 decreased cell death. The decreased proliferation was also partly due to cell cycle arrest in G1/S phase, mAb16D10 triggering of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activation, degradation of β-catenin, and decreased expression of cyclin D1. GSK-3β positively affected p53 expression in pancreatic tumor cells after mAb16D10 binding. Inhibition of GSK-3β activity reversed the effects induced by mAb16D10 in SOJ-6 cells, supporting the pivotal role of GSK-3β signaling in the mechanisms of action induced by mAb16D10. Also, mAb16D10 cell treatment led to membrane overexpression of E-cadherin. Both E-cadherin and tumor Ag were localized in membrane lipid cholesterol-rich microdomains and are thought to belong to signaling platforms involved in the induction of cell cycle arrest and cell death. Overall, this study reveals that mAb16D10 holds great potential to prevent pancreatic tumor proliferation by apoptotic cell death, thus promising therapeutic prospects for treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a highly lethal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Crescence
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, F-13005, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jee YS, Jang TJ, Jung KH. Prostaglandin E(2) and interleukin-1β reduce E-cadherin expression by enhancing snail expression in gastric cancer cells. J Korean Med Sci 2012; 27:987-92. [PMID: 22969242 PMCID: PMC3429839 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.9.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is closely related to the progression of cancer as well as tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated the effect of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on E-cadherin expression in SNU719 gastric cancer cells. E-cadherin expression decreased as the dose or exposure time of PGE(2) and IL-1β increased, whereas Snail expression increased with dose or time of PGE(2) and IL-1β. E-cadherin expression reduced by PGE(2) treatment increased after the transfection of Snail siRNA. Neutralization of IL-1β using anti-IL-1β antibody blocked the expression pattern of E-cadherin and Snail occurred by IL-1β treatment. However, there was no synergic effect of IL-1β and PGE(2) on the expression pattern of E-cadherin and Snail. In conclusion, inflammatory mediators reduced E-cadherin expression by enhancing Snail expression in gastric cancer cells. Inflammation-induced transcriptional regulation of E-cadherin in gastric cancer has implications for targeted chemoprevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Seob Jee
- Department of Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Tae Jung Jang
- Department of Pathology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Jung
- Department of Surgery, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Immunohistochemical biomarkers in gastric cancer research and management. Int J Surg Oncol 2012; 2012:868645. [PMID: 22778942 PMCID: PMC3388584 DOI: 10.1155/2012/868645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer still represents a major health problem, despite a decrease in its incidence in the last years. Due to the social impact of gastric cancer (GC), there is a need for novel biomarkers in order to stratify patients into appropriate screening, surveillance, or treatment programs. Although histopathology remains the most reliable and less expensive method, numerous efforts have been made searching for novel biomarkers. In recent years, several molecules have been identified and tested for their clinical relevance in GC management. In this paper, we will focus on a well-known GC marker, whose determination is mandatory in GC, HER2, a marker whose correlation with prognosis is still controversial (VEGF-A) and a quite novel, unconventional marker, the ether-à-go-go-related gene 1 (hERG1). All these proteins can be easily detected with immunohistochemistry, a technique widely used both in diagnostic and research laboratories that represents a link between surgical and molecular pathology, basic science, and clinical medicine.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kamikihara T, Ishigami S, Arigami T, Matsumoto M, Okumura H, Uchikado Y, Kita Y, Kurahara H, Kijima Y, Ueno S, Natsugoe S. Clinical implications of N-cadherin expression in gastric cancer. Pathol Int 2012; 62:161-6. [PMID: 22360503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neo-expression of N-cadherin in cancer cells is regarded as a significant event in tumor progression via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). No reports have detailed the clinical impact of N-cadherin expression in gastric cancer. We retrospectively examined the co-expression of N-cadherin and E-cadherin in human gastric carcinoma and analyzed the clinicopathological significance of N-cadherin expression. One hundred and forty-six gastric cancer patients who received curative gastrectomy were enrolled. E-cadherin and N-cadherin immunoreactivity in cancer tissue was evaluated by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. The correlation between N-cadherin and E-cadherin expression and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. N-cadherin-positive and -negative expression were found in 31 and 115 patients, respectively. N-cadherin expression positively correlated with hematogenous recurrence (P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with patients' postoperative outcomes (P < 0.05). Moreover, only in the E-cadherin-preserved group was prognostic significance found according to N-cadherin expression (P < 0.01). We could not show a significant relationship between N-cadherin expression and EMT in gastric cancer. However, neo N-cadherin expression significantly affected patient's survival in gastric cancer. Therefore, we concluded that neo N-cadherin expression may be a useful prognostic marker independent of E-cadherin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Kamikihara
- Digestive Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gastric tumor development in Smad3-deficient mice initiates from forestomach/glandular transition zone along the lesser curvature. J Transl Med 2012; 92:883-95. [PMID: 22411066 PMCID: PMC3584162 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SMAD proteins are downstream effectors of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Smad3-null mice develop colorectal cancer by 6 months of age. In this study, we have examined whether the loss of Smad3 promotes gastric neoplasia in mice. The stomachs of Smad3⁻/⁻ mice were compared with age-matched Smad3 heterozygous and wild-type mice. E-cadherin, Ki-67, phosphoSTAT3, and TFF2/SP expression was analyzed by immunohistochemisty. The short hairpin RNA (ShRNA)-mediated knockdown of Smad3 in AGS and MKN28 cells was also performed. In addition, we examined alterations in DCLK1-expressing cells. Smad3⁻/⁻ mouse stomachs at 6 months of age revealed the presence of exophytic growths along the lesser curvature in the proximal fundus. Six-month-old Smad3⁻/⁻ mouse stomachs showed metaplastic columnar glands initiating from the transition zone junction between the forestomach and the glandular epithelium along the lesser curvature. Ten-month-old Smad3⁻/⁻ mice all exhibited invasive gastric neoplastic changes with increased Ki-67, phosphoSTAT3 expression, and aberrant cytosolic E-cadherin staining in papillary glands within the invading submucosal gland. The shRNA-mediated knockdown of Smad3 in AGS and MKN28 cells promoted the expression of phosphoSTAT3. DCLK1-expressing cells, which also stained for the tuft cell marker acetylated-α-tubulin, were observed in 10-month-old Smad3⁻/⁻ mice within tumors and in fundic invasive lesions. In conclusion, Smad3-null mice develop gastric tumors in the fundus, which arise from the junction between the forestomach and the glandular epithelium and progress to prominent invasive tumors over time. Smad3-null mice represent a novel model of fundic gastric tumor initiated from forestomach/glandular transition zone along the lesser curvature.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang YX, Zhao L, Wang XY, Liu CM, Yu SG. Association between E-cadherin (CDH1) polymorphisms and papillary thyroid carcinoma risk in Han Chinese population. Endocrine 2012; 41:526-31. [PMID: 22194161 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-011-9582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between E-cadherin gene (CDH1) polymorphisms and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) risk predisposition. We undertook a case-control study to analyze three CDH1 polymorphisms (+54T>C, -160C>A, and -347G→GA) in an Han Chinese population, by extraction of genomic DNA from the peripheral blood of 98 patients with PTC and 176 control participants, and performed CDH1 genotyping using DNA sequencing. The obtained results indicated that overall, no statistically significant association was observed in +54T>C. Nevertheless, -347G→GA genotype was at increased risk of PTC (P = 0.001; odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, CI 95%:1.24-3.34). Furthermore, -347GA/GA genotype thyroid cancers were more significantly common in patients with tumor size of ≥20 mm than G or G/GA genotypes PTC and in cases of advanced T stage. However, -160C>A genotype demonstrated a protective effect in PTCs (P = 0.006; OR = 0.59, CI 95%: 0.42-0.87). These findings led us to conclude that polymorphism in -347G→GA was observed to be associated with susceptibility of PTC. However, -160C>A polymorphism indicated to play a protective role in susceptibility to PTC. Nevertheless, further investigation with a larger sample size is needed to support our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, No. 661, Yellow-River Second Street, Binzhou 256603, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fujita T, Gotohda N, Kato Y, Kinoshita T, Takahashi S, Konishi M, Daiko H, Nishimura M, Kuwata T, Ochiai A, Kinoshita T. Clinicopathological features of stomach cancer with invasive micropapillary component. Gastric Cancer 2012; 15:179-87. [PMID: 21987353 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-011-0094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive micropapillary carcinoma has been recognized as a rare disease entity with aggressive tumor behavior. However, few reports have described invasive micropapillary carcinoma in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly its involvement in gastric cancer. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 930 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy, and we then histopathologically evaluated the existence of a regional invasive micropapillary component. Clinicopathological features were investigated in patients with an invasive micropapillary component and compared with such features in 100 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, selected as stage-matched controls, who underwent gastrectomy during the same period. RESULTS Of the 930 patients, 14 were histopathologically diagnosed with gastric cancer with a regional invasive micropapillary component. There were no significant differences in age, gender, tumor location, macroscopic type, or type of surgery between patients with an invasive micropapillary component and the pT-matched controls. Histopathologically, significant differences were observed in lymphatic infiltration, venous invasion, the percentage of cases with lymph node metastasis, and the median number of metastatic lymph nodes. The three-year disease-free and overall survival rates of patients with an invasive micropapillary component were 40.5 and 59.3%, respectively, compared with those for the stage-matched controls, which were 72.6 and 80.6%, respectively (p = 0.02 and 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Patients with gastric cancer with a regional invasive micropapillary component showed marked cancer infiltration in the lymphatic pathway and poor prognosis after gastrectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Fujita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee J, Ju J, Park S, Hong SJ, Yoon S. Inhibition of IGF-1 signaling by genistein: modulation of E-cadherin expression and downregulation of β-catenin signaling in hormone refractory PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2011; 64:153-62. [PMID: 22098108 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.630161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are associated with an increased risk of several different cancers, including prostate cancer. Inhibition of IGF-1 and the downstream signaling pathways mediated by the activation of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) may be involved in inhibiting prostate carcinogenesis. We investigated whether genistein downregulated the IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling pathway and inhibited cell growth in hormone refractory PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Genistein treatment caused a significant inhibition of IGF-1-stimulated cell growth. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that genistein significantly decreased the number of IGF-1-stimulated cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. In IGF-1-treated cells, genistein effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of IGF-1R and the phosphorylation of its downstream targets, such as Src, Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSk-3β). IGF-1 treatment decreased the levels of E-cadherin but increased the levels of β-catenin and cyclin D1. However, genistein treatment greatly attenuated IGF-1-induced β-catenin signaling that correlated with increasing the levels of E-cadherin and decreasing cyclin D1 levels in PC-3 cells. In addition, genistein inhibited T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF)-dependent transcriptional activity. These results showed that genistein effectively inhibited cell growth in IGF-1-stimulated PC-3 cells, possibly by inhibiting downstream of IGF-1R activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joomin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Human Ecology, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Abstract
Recent investigations have increasingly focussed attention on the roles of intracellular vesicle trafficking in the regulation of epithelial polarity and transformation. Rab25, an epithelial-specific member of the Rab family of small GTPases, has been associated with several epithelial cancers. Whereas Rab25 overexpression is associated with ovarian cancer aggressive behaviour, Rab25 expression is decreased in human colon cancers independent of stage. Recent studies of mouse models of intestinal and colonic neoplasia have demonstrated that Rab25 deficiency markedly promotes the development of neoplasia. Some of these effects appear related to alterations in β1-integrin trafficking to the cell surface. These findings all suggest that Rab25 is a tumour suppressor for colonic neoplasia.
Collapse
|
35
|
Herrmann I, Baeuerle PA, Friedrich M, Murr A, Filusch S, Rüttinger D, Majdoub MW, Sharma S, Kufer P, Raum T, Münz M. Highly efficient elimination of colorectal tumor-initiating cells by an EpCAM/CD3-bispecific antibody engaging human T cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13474. [PMID: 20976159 PMCID: PMC2956687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
With their resistance to genotoxic and anti-proliferative drugs and potential to grow tumors and metastases from very few cells, cancer stem or tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are a severe limitation for the treatment of cancer by conventional therapies. Here, we explored whether human T cells that are redirected via an EpCAM/CD3-bispecific antibody called MT110 can lyse colorectal TICs and prevent tumor growth from TICs. MT110 recognizes EpCAM, a cell adhesion molecule expressed on TICs from diverse human carcinoma, which was recently shown to promote tumor growth through engagement of elements of the wnt pathway. MT110 was highly potent in mediating complete redirected lysis of KRAS-, PI3 kinase- and BRAF-mutated colorectal TICs, as demonstrated in a soft agar assay. In immunodeficient mice, MT110 prevented growth of tumors from a 5,000-fold excess of a minimally tumorigenic TIC dose. T cells engaged by MT110 may provide a potent therapeutic means to eradicate TICs and bulk tumor cells derived thereof.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick A. Baeuerle
- Micromet AG, Munich, Germany
- Micromet, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sherven Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
The expression of E-cadherin-catenin complex in patients with advanced gastric cancer: role in formation of metastasis. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2010; 48:37-45. [PMID: 20529814 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-010-0017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The E-cadherin-catenin complex plays an important role in the process of cell adhesion. Its dysfunction is associated with a decrease in cell differentiation and with increased invasiveness and metastasis. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin and B-catenin in advanced gastric cancer in relation to selected clinico-pathomorphological parameters. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies E-cadherin (NCL-E-Cad, Novocastra Laboratiries Ltd; dilution 1:50), beta-catenin (NCL-B-CAT, Novocastra Laboratories Ltd; dilution 1:100), alpha-catenin (alpha-E-caten, Santa Cruz Biotechnology; dilution 1:300) and gamma-catenin (gamma-catenin, Santa Cruz Biotechnology; dilution 1:100). The expressions of E-cadherin and alpha-, beta-, gamma-catenins in the main mass of tumor and lymph node metastasis were investigated in 91 patients with gastric cancer. No statistically significant correlation was observed between the expressions of E-cadherin, alpha-, beta-catenins and histological differentiation and between the expressions of E-cadherin, alpha-, gamma-catenins and location or depth of invasion. Moreover, the expression of alpha-, gamma-catenins in the main mass of tumor was not associated with lymph node metastasis. However, we found a relationship between the expression of beta-catenin in the main mass of tumor and lymph node metastasis and tumor location. The depth of invasion was correlated with positive expression of beta-catenin in the main mass of gastric cancer. A statistically significant association was observed between the expressions of E-cadherin and beta-catenin in the main mass of tumor and lymph node involvement. The expression of alpha-catenin in the main mass of tumor was also associated with histological differentiation and Lauren's classification. Statistical analysis showed an association between the expression of E-cadherin and postoperative survival time. No significant correlation was found between the expression of alpha-, beta-, gamma-catenins and survival time. Our results may suggest that the E-cadherin-catenin complex is the factor indicative of metastasis and disease progression in gastric cancer. Also the expression of E-cadherin may play a role as a prognostic factor.
Collapse
|
37
|
Saad AA, Awed NM, Abd Elkerim NNA, El-Shennawy D, Alfons MA, Elserafy ME, Darwish YW, Barakat EMF, Ezz-Elarab SS. Prognostic significance of E-cadherin expression and peripheral blood micrometastasis in gastric carcinoma patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17:3059-67. [PMID: 20563657 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary objective is to evaluate the prognostic value of E-cadherin (E-cad) expression and peripheral blood micrometastasis (PBMM) in gastric carcinoma. Secondary objective is to study the association between these 2 markers and the clinicopathological features of the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study took place at Ain Shams University Hospitals. A total of 30 patients with histologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma after curative surgical resection were enrolled in this study. E-cad expression was assessed in tumor tissue samples. Before the start of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, fresh blood samples were collected to detect PBMM as indicated by cytokeratin18 mRNA expression using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). RESULTS Both abnormal E-cad expression and PBMM were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and lymphatic invasion. Moreover, PBMM was significantly associated with poor tissue differentiation and vascular invasion (P < .05). We found strong agreement between E-cad expression and presence of PBMM (P = .001). Both cases with altered E-cad expression and cases with positive PPMM showed shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) (P = .003 and <.001, respectively). Cox regression analysis showed that positive PBMM was independent predictor factor for relapse (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.06-35.63; P = .04). Cases with positive PBMM showed shorter overall survival (OS) (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, loss of normal E-cad expression in gastric cancer showed a close correlation with the presence of PBMM. PBMM was associated with poor RFS independent of other clinicopathological features. Additionally, detection of PBMM was a significant indicator of OS, and intensive chemotherapy seems to be indicated for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Saad
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yuan W, Chen Z, Wu S, Ge J, Chang S, Wang X, Chen J, Chen Z. Expression of EphA2 and E-cadherin in gastric cancer: correlated with tumor progression and lymphogenous metastasis. Pathol Oncol Res 2010; 15:473-8. [PMID: 19048396 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-008-9132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, gastric cancer progression was correlated with the over-expression of erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph)A2 receptor and down-expression of epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin). Immunohistochemistry of EphA2 and E-cadherin were performed on these tumor samples from 165 primary lesions of gastric cancer. The results showed that expression of EphA2 was obviously increased in gastric cancer tissues (P < 0.01), which was positively correlated with the depth of cancer invasion, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of E-cadherin was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), which was negatively correlated with the depth of cancer invasion, grade of tumor differentiation, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The correlation between EphA2 and E-cadherin expression was negative (r = -0.198, P = 0.011). In conclusion, either the over-expression of EphA2 or the down-expression of E-cadherin is correlated with cancer progression and lymphogenous metastasis in gastric cancer, suggesting that both of them may play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, Peoples Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zou XP, Dai WJ, Cao J. CDH1 promoter polymorphism (-347G→GA) is a possible prognostic factor in sporadic colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:5340-5. [PMID: 19908344 PMCID: PMC2776863 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.5340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of the -347G→GA polymorphism in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC).
METHODS: We designed a case-control study based on a population of CRC patients in China and normal healthy controls with no history of tumors or inherited diseases. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analyses were used to genotype the variants, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to measure the expression of E-cadherin in different allele cases among the CRC patients and normal controls.
RESULTS: The GA-allele (G/GA heterozygous and GA/GA homozygous) did not increase the risk of CRC compared with the G-allele (OR = 1.232, 95% CI = 0.898-1.691). However, the frequencies of the GA-allele were higher in poorly differentiated (P = 0.002) and proximal (P = 0.019) CRC patients than in normal controls. We also observed that E-cadherin expression was lower in poorly differentiated CRC patients than in well differentiated CRC patients (P = 0.001). Furthermore, E-cadherin expression was lower for the GA-allele than for the G-allele (G/G heterozygous) in CRC patients (P = 0.018). In contrast, there was no significant difference in E-cadherin expression for the G-allele and GA-allele in normal controls (P = 0.292).
CONCLUSION: The -347G→GA promoter polymorphism in E-cadherin gene is associated with specific CRC features, and may be a prognostic factor rather than a susceptibility factor during the progression of CRC.
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang KH, Chen JH, Wu CW, Lo SS, Hsieh MC, Li AFY, Lui WY. Factors affecting recurrence in node-negative advanced gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24:1522-6. [PMID: 19467143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Prognostic factors of lymph node-negative gastric adenocarcinoma after curative resection have been discussed. Recurrent pattern of advanced lymph node-negative gastric cancer after curative resection has rarely been described. METHODS Recurrent sites and correlated clinicopathological factors of 372 patients with lymph node-negative advanced gastric adenocarcinoma that underwent R0 resection from 1988 to 2005 were analyzed. RESULTS Recurrence was noted in 51 (13.7%) patients. Recurrent rates according to site of recurrence were 26 peritoneal seeding (51.0%), 26 locoregional (51.0%), 17 hematogenous (33.3%), and 4 lymph node metastasis (7.8%). Clinicopathological factors to predict peritoneal seeding were serosal exposure, lymphovascular invasion, Lauren's diffuse type differentiation and scirrhous stromal reaction. Serosal exposure, tumor size, microscopic infiltrating growth type predicts locoregional recurrence. Tumor had only lymphovascular invasion predict hematogenous spreading. CONCLUSION Node-negative advanced gastric cancer has more peritoneal seeding and locoregional recurrence. Aggressive cell behavior predicted the route of tumor cell spreading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hung Huang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hsu PI, Hsieh HL, Lee J, Lin LF, Chen HC, Lu PJ, Hsiao M. Loss of RUNX3 expression correlates with differentiation, nodal metastasis, and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16:1686-94. [PMID: 19290488 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Revised: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RUNX3 is a major growth regulator of gastric epithelial cells that is involved in gastric tumorigenesis in both humans and mice. In this study, we investigated the involvement of RUNX3 in tumor progression, and in the prognosis of human gastric cancer. METHODS We analyzed the extent of RUNX3 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 95 primary gastric adenocarcinomas, and correlated expression levels with clinicopathological parameters. We examined the effects of pFlag/RUNX3 on cell growth, apoptosis, and caspase-3 expression in AGS and SNU1 gastric cancer cell lines by colony-forming assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediate deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTP) nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and Western blot analysis, respectively. The pFlag/RUNX3 effects on AGS invasion and migration potentials were also evaluated. RESULTS RUNX3 expression was lost in 37 (39%) cases of gastric cancer. The expression of RUNX3 in diffuse- and mixed-type cancers was less frequent than expression in intestinal-type cancer (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). In addition, the loss of RUNX3 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.02), and correlated with poor gastric cancer survival (P = 0.018). The growth of gastric cancer cells was suppressed after pFlag/RUNX3 transfection. The re-expression of RUNX3 resulted in the upregulation of caspase-3 and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, Re-expression of RUNX3 induced significant inhibitions of AGS cell invasion and migration in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This work shows that loss of RUNX3 expression is highly associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. The re-expression of RUNX3 may induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth as well as invasion/migration of cancer cells. These results indicate that the targeting of the RUNX3 pathway could represent a potential modality for treating gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-I Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Silva EM, Begnami MD, Fregnani JHTG, Pelosof AG, Zitron C, Montagnini AL, Soares FA. Cadherin-catenin adhesion system and mucin expression: a comparison between young and older patients with gastric carcinoma. Gastric Cancer 2009; 11:149-59. [PMID: 18825309 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-008-0468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young patients are thought to develop gastric carcinomas with a molecular genetic profile that is distinct from that of gastric carcinomas occurring at a later age. The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological features and expression patterns of the markers E-cadherin and beta-catenin, and mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) in young and older patients. METHODS The clinicopathological features and overall survival data of 62 young patients (age <or=40 years) with gastric cancer were retrospectively reviewed from hospital records and compared with the data for 453 older patients (age >40 years). A tissue microarray method and immunohistochemistry were used in order to analyze marker expression in paraffin-embedded tissue blocks obtained from both groups. RESULTS The young group presented a higher percentage of diffuse-type tumors in comparison to the older group (P<0.01). The rates of positivity for E-cadherin and beta-catenin membranous expression patterns and mucin (MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6) positivity were higher in the young group (P<0.01). Although young patients showed a lower frequency of alterations in marker expression and had significantly better survival rates than the older patients, neither age nor the marker expression pattern were found to be independent prognostic factors of survival. Only stage, tumor size, and tumor location persisted as prognostic factors for patients with gastric cancer. CONCLUSION Biological markers of cellular adhesion and gastric differentiation were differently expressed in young and older patients. Our findings support the hypothesis that young patients develop carcinomas with a different genetic pathway compared to the pathway of tumors occurring at a later age, and we suggest further investigations to assess the prognostic relevance of the markers to specific subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edaise M Silva
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital AC Camargo, Rua Antonio Prudente, 109-1o Andar, São Paulo 01509-010, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Barber M, Murrell A, Ito Y, Maia AT, Hyland S, Oliveira C, Save V, Carneiro F, Paterson AL, Grehan N, Dwerryhouse S, Lao-Sirieix P, Caldas C, Fitzgerald RC. Mechanisms and sequelae of E-cadherin silencing in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. J Pathol 2008; 216:295-306. [PMID: 18788075 DOI: 10.1002/path.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Around 25-40% of cases of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) are caused by heterozygous E-cadherin (CDH1) germline mutations. The mechanisms for loss of the second allele still remain unclear. The aims of this study were to elucidate mechanisms for somatic inactivation of the wild-type CDH1 allele and to seek evidence for cadherin switching. Archival tumour material was analysed from 16 patients with CDH1 germline mutations and seven patients fulfilling HDGC criteria without CDH1 germline mutations. The 16 CDH1 exons were sequenced. E-cadherin promoter methylation was analysed by bisulphite sequencing and pyrosequencing and allele specificity was determined using polymorphic loci. Loss of heterozygosity was analysed using microsatellite markers. Cadherin expression levels were determined by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Six of 16 individuals with germline mutations had at least one second hit mechanism. Two exonic mutations (exon 9 truncating, exon 3 missense) and four intronic mutations which may affect splicing were identified. Tumours from 4/16 individuals had promoter hypermethylation that was restricted to the A allele haplotype in three cases. E-cadherin loss (mRNA and protein) generally correlated with identification of a second hit. In cases without germline E-cadherin mutations there was no evidence for somatic mutation or significant promoter methylation. P-cadherin (>25% cells) was expressed in 7/13 (54%) and 4/5 (80%) with and without germline CDH1 mutations, respectively, independent of complete E-cadherin loss. Overall, inactivation of the second CDH1 allele occurs by mutation and methylation events. Methylation is commonly allele-specific and is uncommon without germline mutations. P-cadherin over-expression commonly occurs in individuals with diffuse type gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Barber
- MRC Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre and Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2OZ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cisco RM, Ford JM, Norton JA. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: implications of genetic testing for screening and prophylactic surgery. Cancer 2008; 113:1850-6. [PMID: 18798546 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 10% of patients with gastric cancer show familial clustering, and 3% show autosomal dominance and high penetrance. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is an autosomal-dominant, inherited cancer syndrome in which affected individuals develop diffuse-type gastric cancer at a young age. Inactivating mutations in the E-cadherin gene CDH1 have been identified in 30% to 50% of patients. CDH1 mutation carriers have an approximately 70% lifetime risk of developing DGC, and affected women carry an additional 20% to 40% risk of developing lobular breast cancer. Because endoscopic surveillance is ineffective in identifying early HDGC, gene-directed prophylactic total gastrectomy currently is offered for CDH1 mutation carriers. In series of asymptomatic individuals undergoing total gastrectomy for CDH1 mutations, the removed stomachs usually contain small foci of early DGC, making surgery not prophylactic but curative. The authors of this review recommend consideration of total gastrectomy in CDH1 mutation carriers at an age 5 years younger than the youngest family member who developed gastric cancer. Individuals who choose not to undergo prophylactic gastrectomy should be followed with biannual chromoendoscopy, and women with CDH1 mutations also should undergo regular surveillance with magnetic resonance imaging studies of the breast. Because of the emergence of gene-directed gastrectomy for HDGC, today, a previously lethal disease is detected by molecular techniques, allowing curative surgery at an early stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Cisco
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shimoda M, Okada Y, Hayashi Y, Hatano S, Kawakubo H, Omori T, Ishii S, Sugiura H. Primary invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the stomach. Pathol Int 2008; 58:513-7. [PMID: 18705772 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2008.02265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the case of a 74-year-old man with an unusual gastric carcinoma that developed at the lesser curvature of the stomach. The tumor consisted of small clusters of carcinoma cells surrounded by clear spaces, with histopathology similar to invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast. The carcinoma cells, which had downregulation of E-cadherin expression, invaded the subserous tissue and metastasized to the perigastric lymph nodes. IMPC, an unusual subtype of invasive breast carcinoma, is known to have frequent lymph node metastases, resulting in a poor clinical outcome. Although IMPC has been reported in breast, urinary bladder, ureter, lung, salivary gland and colon, to the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first report of IMPC arising in the stomach. Presented here are the clinicopathological features of primary IMPC of the stomach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cisco RM, Norton JA. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: surgery, surveillance and unanswered questions. Future Oncol 2008; 4:553-9. [DOI: 10.2217/14796694.4.4.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is an inherited cancer-susceptibility syndrome characterized by autosomal dominance and high penetrance. In 30–50% of cases, a causative germline mutation in CDH1, the E-cadherin gene, may be identified. Female carriers of CDH1 mutations also have an increased (20–40%) risk of lobular breast cancer. Endoscopic surveillance of patients with CDH1 mutations is ineffective because early foci of HDGC are typically small and underlie normal mucosa. CDH1 mutation carriers are therefore offered the option of prophylactic gastrectomy, which commonly reveals early foci of invasive signet-ring cell cancer. We review recommendations for genetic testing, surveillance and prophylactic surgery in HDGC. Areas for future research are discussed, including development of new screening modalities, optimal timing of prophylactic gastrectomy, identification of additional causative mutations in HDGC, management of patients with CDH1 missense mutations and prevention/early detection of lobular breast cancer in CDH1 mutation carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Cisco
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Norton
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hsu PI, Huang MS, Chen HC, Hsu PN, Lai TC, Wang JL, Lo GH, Lai KH, Tseng CJ, Hsiao M. The significance of ANXA7 expression and its correlation with poor cellular differentiation and enhanced metastatic potential of gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 2008; 97:609-614. [PMID: 18449914 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annexin-A7 (ANXA7) exhibits biological and genetic properties expected of a tumor suppressor gene and may play a role in cancer progression. However, the ANXA7 expression in different histological subtypes of gastric adenocarcinomas and its correlation with invasive potentials has not been elucidated. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of ANXA7 for 84 primary gastric adenocarcinomas was performed, and data was correlated with clinicopathological parameters of patients. RESULTS The ANXA7 expression was well correlated with the grade of differentiation of primary tumors. Its expression was detected in 100% (8/8), 64.9% (24/37), 66.7% (2/3), 31.9% (13/31), 0% (0/3), and 0% (0/2) of well-differentiated tubular, moderately-differentiated tubular, papillary, poorly differentiated, signet-ring cell, and mucinous adenocarcinoma, respectively. According to the Lauren's classification, the ANXA7 expression was higher in intestinal type than in diffuse type tumor (71.9% vs. 6.1%, P = 0.003). The loss of expression of ANXA7 expression was significantly related to distant metastasis (P = 0.04). However, there were no significant associations between the ANXA7 expression and survival of cancer patients (P = 0.159). CONCLUSIONS A striking correlation between ANXA7 expression and cell differentiation of gastric cancer was observed. The loss of expression of ANXA7 is associated with distant metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-I Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang XF, Wang YM, Ge H, Cao YY, Chen ZF, Wen DG, Guo W, Wang N, Li Y, Zhang JH. Association of CDH1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and gastric cardia carcinomas. Dis Esophagus 2008; 21:21-9. [PMID: 18197935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2007.00724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin (CDH1) is a tumor suppressor involved in epithelial cell-cell interactions. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the CDH1 gene, -160C/A and -347G/GA in the 5'-promoter region and +54C/T in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) have been shown to be associated with tumor development and progression via modifying transcriptional activity, mRNA stability or protein expression. To investigate the influence of CDH1 SNP on susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (GCA), a case-control study was conducted among 333 ESCC patients, 239 GCA patients and 343 controls from a northern Chinese population. CDH1 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The results showed that; (i) genotypes with the +54C allele (C/C or C/T) significantly increased the risk of developing both ESCC and GCA compared to the +54T/T genotype (age and gender adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.45 and 2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-1.99 and 1.58-3.30, respectively), and this association was significant only among non-smokers (OR = 1.68 and 2.64, 95% CI = 1.01-2.80 and 1.43-4.87 for ESCC and GCA, respectively), and individuals without a family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer (OR = 2.63 and 2.97, 95% CI = 1.36-5.10 and 95% CI = 1.32-6.68 for ESCC and GCA, respectively); (ii) compared with the -347G/G genotype, the -347GA and GA/GA genotypes significantly increased the risk of developing GCA (OR = 1.45, 95 % CI = 1.03-2.04); (iii) there was a significant association of CDH1-160C/-347G/+54C and -160C/-347GA/+54C haplotypes with the development of GCA, compared with the -160C/-347G/+54T haplotype (OR = 1.80 and 2.21, 95% CI = 1.33-2.44 and 1.43-3.42, respectively); and (iv) the influence of CDH1 SNP on the depth of tumor invasion and lymphatic metastasis in ESCC and GCA patients was not observed in this study. The present study indicates that CDH1 polymorphisms might modify susceptibility to ESCC and/or GCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X-F Zhang
- Hebei Cancer Institute and the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang Hebei Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
ADAM10-mediated E-cadherin release is regulated by proinflammatory cytokines and modulates keratinocyte cohesion in eczematous dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:1737-46. [PMID: 18200054 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acute eczema is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by the formation of small intraepidermal blisters, reduction of the adhesion molecule E-cadherin from the keratinocyte surface, and impaired keratinocyte cohesion. Here, we reveal that the disintegrin and metalloprotease ADAM10 is critically involved in regulating E-cadherin cell-surface expression in cultured primary human keratinocytes and in diseased human skin. Proinflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor-beta, and lipopolysaccharide led to increased release of soluble E-cadherin by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in cultured keratinocytes. Moreover, these stimuli decreased the amount of pro-ADAM10 and increased the level of the active protease, leading to loss of E-cadherin from the cell surface and decreased keratinocyte cohesion. In situ examination and immunoblot analyses of E-cadherin and ADAM10 expression in lesional skin of eczema revealed that the reduction of E-cadherin expression in areas of blister formation closely correlated with increased level of ADAM10 expression and elevated E-cadherin shedding. Our data suggest that ADAM10-mediated E-cadherin proteolysis leads to the impaired cohesion of keratinocytes observed in eczematous dermatitis and provide previously unreported insights into the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in inflammatory diseases with loss in epithelial integrity.
Collapse
|
50
|
Yi Kim D, Kyoon Joo J, Kyu Park Y, Yeob Ryu S, Soo Kim H, Kyun Noh B, Hwa Lee K, Hyuk Lee J. E-cadherin expression in early gastric carcinoma and correlation with lymph node metastasis. J Surg Oncol 2007; 96:429-35. [PMID: 17786966 DOI: 10.1002/jso.20732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormal expression of E-cadherin plays an important role in the differentiation and progression of gastric carcinoma. However, the relationship between molecular changes in E-cadherin and metastasis in early gastric carcinoma (EGC) is poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty cases of EGC with or without lymph node metastasis (30 node-positive cases and 30 node-negative cases) were investigated to evaluate hypermethylation status using bisulfate-MSP and immunohistochemistry using antibody against E-cadherin. RESULTS Twenty-seven (45.0%) of 60 primary EGCs exhibited methylation in the CpG island of E-cadherin. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin was significantly correlated with patient age, tumor size, Lauren classification, differentiation, and lymph node metastasis. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, two factors were independent, statistically significant parameters associated with lymph node metastasis: abnormal expression of E-cadherin (risk ratio, 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.917-7.457; P < 0.05) and lymphatic invasion (risk ratio, 8.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.612-40.766; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that methylation of E-cadherin is a frequent, early event in gastric carcinoma progression, and is correlated significantly with downregulated E-cadherin expression. Inactivation of E-cadherin might be involved in metastasis in EGC and play an important role in microscopic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yi Kim
- Division of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dongku, Gwangju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|