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Jiang S, Shen QW. Antemortem Stress Regulates Postmortem Glycolysis in Muscle by Deacetylation of Pyruvate Kinase M1 at K141. Protein J 2024:10.1007/s10930-023-10178-6. [PMID: 38605203 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
It is well known that preslaughter (antemortem) stress such as rough handling, transportation, a negative environment, physical discomfort, lack of consistent routine, and bad feed quality has a big impact on meat quality. The antemortem-induced poor meat quality is characterized by low pH, a pale and exudative appearance, and a soft texture. Previous studies indicate that antemortem stress plays a key role in regulating protein acetylation and glycolysis in postmortem (PM) muscle. However, the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanism is not clearly understood yet. In this study, we investigated the relationship between antemortem and protein acetylation and glycolysis using murine longissimus dorsi muscle isolated from ICR mice and murine muscle cell line C2C12 treated with epinephrine hydrochloride. Because adrenaline secretion increases in stressed animals, epinephrine hydrochloride was intraperitoneally injected epinephrine into mice to simulate pre-slaughter stress in this study to facilitate experimental operations and save experimental costs. Our findings demonstrated that protein acetylation in pyruvate kinase M1 (PKM1) form is significantly reduced by antemortem, and the reduced acetylation subsequently leads to an increase in PKM1 enzymatic activity which causes increased glycolysis in PM muscle. By using molecular approaches, we identified lysine 141 in PKM1 as a critical residue for acetylation. Our results in this study provide useful insight for controlling or improving meat quality in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwang Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang, 615013, Sichuan, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Qingwu W Shen
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang, 615013, Sichuan, China.
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Wang Y, Liu J, Liu T, An X, Huang L, Li J, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Xiao L, Yi W, Qin J, Liu L, Wang C, Yu J. Pyruvate kinase deficiency and PKLR gene mutations: Insights from molecular dynamics simulation analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26368. [PMID: 38434380 PMCID: PMC10904247 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase deficiency is a rare hereditary erythrocyte enzyme disease caused by mutations in the pyruvate kinase liver and red blood cell gene. The clinical presentations of pyruvate kinase deficiency are significantly heterogeneous, ranging from just mild anemia to hemolytic crisis or even death. The proband in our study was a 2-year-old girl for severe skin and scleral icterus with progressive aggravation. We collected the family's data for further analysis. Whole exome genome sequencing of the pedigree revealed a novel compound heterozygous mutation, c.1097del (p.P366Lfs*12) and c.1493G > A (p.R498H), in the pyruvate kinase liver and red blood cell gene. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to uncover differences between the wild type and mutant pyruvate kinase liver and red blood cell proteins, focusing on structural stability, protein flexibility, secondary structure, and overall conformation. The combined bioinformatic tools were also utilised to assess the effects of the missense mutation on protein function. Thereafter, wild type and mutant plasmids were constructed and transfected into 293T cells, and Western blot assay was conducted to validate the impact of the mutations on the expression of pyruvate kinase liver and red blood cell protein. The data presented in our study enriches the genotype database and provides evidence for genetic counseling and molecular diagnosis of pyruvate kinase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, 136 Zhong shan er lu, Yu zhong district, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Shanghai Cinopath Medical Testing Co Ltd, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, 136 Zhong shan er lu, Yu zhong district, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xizhou An
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, 136 Zhong shan er lu, Yu zhong district, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, 136 Zhong shan er lu, Yu zhong district, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, 136 Zhong shan er lu, Yu zhong district, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, 136 Zhong shan er lu, Yu zhong district, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, 136 Zhong shan er lu, Yu zhong district, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, 136 Zhong shan er lu, Yu zhong district, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Weijia Yi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, 136 Zhong shan er lu, Yu zhong district, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jiebin Qin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, 136 Zhong shan er lu, Yu zhong district, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Cuilan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, 136 Zhong shan er lu, Yu zhong district, Chongqing 400014, China
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Zhao H, Jiang R, Feng Z, Wang X, Zhang C. Transcription factor LHX9 (LIM Homeobox 9) enhances pyruvate kinase PKM2 activity to induce glycolytic metabolic reprogramming in cancer stem cells, promoting gastric cancer progression. J Transl Med 2023; 21:833. [PMID: 37980488 PMCID: PMC10657563 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycolytic metabolic reprogramming is a phenomenon in which cells undergo altered metabolic patterns during malignant transformation, mainly involving various aspects of glycolysis, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, and pentose phosphate pathway. This reprogramming phenomenon can be used as one of the markers of tumorigenesis and development. Pyruvate kinase is the third rate-limiting enzyme in the sugar metabolism process by specifically catalyzing the irreversible conversion of PEP to pyruvate. PURPOSE This study aimed to reveal the critical mediator(s) that regulate glycolytic metabolism reprogramming in gastric cancer and their underlying molecular mechanism and then explore the molecular mechanisms by which LHX9 may be involved in regulating gastric cancer (GC) progression. METHODS Firstly, we downloaded the GC and glycolysis-related microarray datasets from TCGA and MSigDB databases and took the intersection to screen out the transcription factor LHX9 that regulates GC glycolytic metabolic reprogramming. Software packages were used for differential analysis, single gene predictive analysis, and Venn diagram. In addition, an enrichment analysis of the glycolytic pathway was performed. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for LHX9 and PKM2 protein expression in 90 GC patients, and the association between their expressions was evaluated by Spearman's correlation coefficient method. Three human GC cell lines (AGS, NCI-N87, HGC-27) were selected for in vitro experimental validation. Flow cytometry was utilized to determine the stem cell marker CD44 expression status in GCSCs. A sphere formation assay was performed to evaluate the sphere-forming capabilities of GCSCs. In addition, RT-qPCR and Western blot experiments were employed to investigate the tumor stem cell markers OCT4 and SOX2 expression levels in GCSCs. Furthermore, a lentiviral expression vector was constructed to assess the impact of downregulating LHX9 or PKM2 on the glycolytic metabolic reprogramming of GCSCs. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of GCSCs were then detected by CCK-8, EdU, and Transwell assays. Subsequently, the mutual binding of LHX9 and PKM2 was verified using chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase reporter genes. In vivo experiments were verified by establishing a subcutaneous transplantation tumor model in nude mice, observing the size and volume of tumors in vivo in nude mice, and obtaining fresh tissues for subsequent experiments. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed that LHX9 might be involved in the occurrence and development of GC through regulating glycolytic metabolism. High LHX9 expression could be used as a reference marker for prognosis prediction of GC patients. Clinical tissue assays revealed that LHX9 and PKM2 were highly expressed in GC tissues. Meanwhile, GC tissues also highly expressed glycolysis-associated protein GLUT1 and tumor cell stemness marker CD44. In vitro cellular assays showed that LHX9 could enhance its activity and induce glycolytic metabolic reprogramming in GCSCs through direct binding to PKM2. In addition, the knockdown of LHX9 inhibited PKM2 activity and glycolytic metabolic reprogramming and suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasive ability of GCSCs. In vivo animal experiments further confirmed that the knockdown of LHX9 could reduce the tumorigenic ability of GCSCs in nude mice by inhibiting PKM2 activity and glycolytic metabolic reprogramming. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that both LHX9 and PKM2 are highly expressed in GCs, and LHX9 may induce the reprogramming of glycolytic metabolism through transcriptional activation of PKM2, enhancing the malignant biological properties of GCSCs and ultimately promoting GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 131, Huancheng Road, Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongke Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 131, Huancheng Road, Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijing Feng
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 131, Huancheng Road, Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 131, Huancheng Road, Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China
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Kojima K, Morimoto K, Juma KM, Takita T, Saito K, Yanagihara I, Fujiwara S, Yasukawa K. Application of recombinant human pyruvate kinase in recombinase polymerase amplification. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 136:341-346. [PMID: 37718149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is an isothermal DNA amplification reaction at around 41°C using recombinase (Rec), single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB), strand-displacing DNA polymerase (Pol), and an ATP-regenerating enzyme. In this study, we attempted to use pyruvate kinase instead of creatine kinase (CK) that has been consistently used as an ATP-regenerating enzyme in RPA. Human pyruvate kinase M1 (PKM) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified from the cells. RPA with PKM was performed at 41°C with the in vitro synthesized urease subunit β (ureB) DNA from Ureaplasma parvum serovar 3 as a standard DNA. The optimal concentrations of PKM and phosphoenolpyruvate were 20 ng/μL and 10 mM, respectively. The RPA reaction with PKM was more sensitive than that with CK. PKM exhibited higher thermostability than CK, suggesting that the RPA reagents with PKM are preferable to those with CK for onsite use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kojima
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
| | - Kenta Morimoto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kevin Maafu Juma
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Teisuke Takita
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
| | - Itaru Yanagihara
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi-shi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujiwara
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yasukawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Ma Y, Lai X, Wen Z, Zhou Z, Yang M, Chen Q, Wang X, Mei F, Yang L, Yin T, Sun S, Lu G, Qi J, Lin H, Han H, Yang Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel modified dual-target shikonin derivatives for colorectal cancer treatment. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106703. [PMID: 37399615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Warburg effect provides energy and material essential for tumor proliferation, the reverse of Warburg effect provides insights into the development of a novel anti-cancer strategy. Pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) are two key enzymes in tumor glucose metabolism pathway that not only contribute to the Warburg effect through accelerating aerobic glycolysis, but also serve as druggable target for colorectal cancer (CRC). Considering that targeting PKM2 or PDK1 alone does not seem to be sufficient to remodel abnormal glucose metabolism and achieve significant antitumor activity, a series of novel benzenesulfonyl shikonin derivatives were designed to regulate PKM2 and PDK1 simultaneously. By means of molecular docking and antiproliferative screen, we found that compound Z10 could act as the combination of PKM2 activator and PDK1 inhibitor, thereby significantly inhibited glycolysis that reshaping tumor metabolism. Moreover, Z10 could inhibit proliferation, migration and induce apoptosis in CRC cell HCT-8. Finally, the in vivo anti-tumor activity of Z10 was evaluated in a colorectal cancer cell xenograft model in nude mice and the results demonstrated that Z10 induced tumor cell apoptosis and inhibited tumor cell proliferation with lower toxicity than shikonin. Our findings indicated that it is feasible to alter tumor energy metabolism through multi-target synergies, and the dual-target benzenesulfonyl shikonin derivative Z10 could be a potential anti-CRC agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaohui Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Biology and Geography Science, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Zhongling Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ziling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Minkai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Feng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tongming Yin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shucun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guihua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Hongwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yonghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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van Dijk MJ, de Wilde JRA, Bartels M, Kuo KHM, Glenthøj A, Rab MAE, van Beers EJ, van Wijk R. Activation of pyruvate kinase as therapeutic option for rare hemolytic anemias: Shedding new light on an old enzyme. Blood Rev 2023; 61:101103. [PMID: 37353463 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Novel developments in therapies for various hereditary hemolytic anemias reflect the pivotal role of pyruvate kinase (PK), a key enzyme of glycolysis, in red blood cell (RBC) health. Without PK catalyzing one of the final steps of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, there is no net yield of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during glycolysis, the sole source of energy production required for proper RBC function and survival. In hereditary hemolytic anemias, RBC health is compromised and therefore lifespan is shortened. Although our knowledge on glycolysis in general and PK function in particular is solid, recent advances in genetic, molecular, biochemical, and metabolic aspects of hereditary anemias have improved our understanding of these diseases. These advances provide a rationale for targeting PK as therapeutic option in hereditary hemolytic anemias other than PK deficiency. This review summarizes the knowledge, rationale, (pre)clinical trials, and future advances of PK activators for this important group of rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe J van Dijk
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Benign Hematology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis - Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan R A de Wilde
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marije Bartels
- Center for Benign Hematology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis - Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin H M Kuo
- Division of Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andreas Glenthøj
- Danish Red Blood Center, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Minke A E Rab
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eduard J van Beers
- Center for Benign Hematology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis - Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Richard van Wijk
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Paciotti S, Wojdała AL, Bellomo G, Toja A, Chipi E, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Gaetani L, Jimenez CR, Parnetti L, Chiasserini D. Potential diagnostic value of CSF metabolism-related proteins across the Alzheimer's disease continuum. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:124. [PMID: 37454217 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) core biomarkers (Aβ42/40 ratio, p-tau, and t-tau) provide high diagnostic accuracy, even at the earliest stage of disease. However, these markers do not fully reflect the complex AD pathophysiology. Recent large scale CSF proteomic studies revealed several new AD candidate biomarkers related to metabolic pathways. In this study we measured the CSF levels of four metabolism-related proteins not directly linked to amyloid- and tau-pathways (i.e., pyruvate kinase, PKM; aldolase, ALDO; ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1, UCHL1, and fatty acid-binding protein 3, FABP3) across the AD continuum. We aimed at validating the potential value of these proteins as new CSF biomarkers for AD and their possible involvement in AD pathogenesis, with specific interest on the preclinical phase of the disease. METHODS CSF PKM and ALDO activities were measured with specific enzyme assays while UCHL1 and FABP3 levels were measured with immunoassays in a cohort of patients composed as follows: preclinical AD (pre-AD, n = 19, cognitively unimpaired), mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD, n = 50), dementia due to AD (ADdem, n = 45), and patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD, n = 37). Individuals with MCI not due to AD (MCI, n = 30) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 52) with negative CSF AD-profile, were enrolled as control groups. RESULTS CSF UCHL1 and FABP3 levels, and PKM activity were significantly increased in AD patients, already at the pre-clinical stage. CSF PKM activity was also increased in FTD patients compared with control groups, being similar between AD and FTD patients. No difference was found in ALDO activity among the groups. UCHL1 showed good performance in discriminating early AD patients (pre-AD and MCI-AD) from controls (AUC ~ 0.83), as assessed by ROC analysis. Similar results were obtained for FABP3. Conversely, PKM provided the best performance when comparing FTD vs. MCI (AUC = 0.80). Combination of PKM, FABP3, and UCHL1 improved the diagnostic accuracy for the detection of patients within the AD continuum when compared with single biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the potential role of UCHL1 and FABP3 as neurodegenerative biomarkers for AD. Furthermore, our results validated the increase of PKM activity in CSF of AD patients, already at the preclinical phase of the disease. Increased PKM activity was observed also in FTD patients, possibly underlining similar alterations in energy metabolism in AD and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Paciotti
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Lidia Wojdała
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bellomo
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Toja
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Chipi
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sander R Piersma
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Laboratory Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Laboratory Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Gaetani
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Laboratory Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Vuong NB, Quang HV, Linh Trang BN, Duong DH, Toan NL, Tong HV. Association of PKLR gene copy number, expression levels and enzyme activity with 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure in individuals exposed to Agent Orange/Dioxin in Vietnam. Chemosphere 2023; 329:138677. [PMID: 37060958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) is the most toxic congener of dioxin and has serious long-term effects on the environment and human health. Pyruvate Kinase L/R (PKLR) gene expression levels and gene variants are associated with pyruvate kinase enzyme deficiency, which has been identified as the cause of several diseases linked to dioxin exposure. In this study, we estimated PKLR gene copy number and gene expression levels using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays, genotyped PKLR SNP rs3020781 by Sanger sequencing, and quantified plasma pyruvate kinase enzyme activity in 100 individuals exposed to Agent Orange/Dioxin near Bien Hoa and Da Nang airfields in Vietnam and 100 healthy controls. The means of PKLR copy numbers and PKLR gene expression levels were significantly higher, while pyruvate kinase enzyme activity was significantly decreased in Agent Orange/Dioxin-exposed individuals compared to healthy controls (P < 0.0001). Positive correlations of PKLR gene copy number and gene expression with 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations were observed (r = 0.2, P = 0.045 and r = 0.54, P < 0.0001, respectively). In contrast, pyruvate kinase enzyme activity was inversely correlated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations (r = -0.52, P < 0.0001). PKLR gene copy number and gene expression levels were also inversely correlated with pyruvate kinase enzyme activity. Additionally, PKLR SNP rs3020781 was found to be associated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations and PKLR gene expression. In conclusion, PKLR copy number, gene expression levels, and pyruvate kinase enzyme activity are associated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure in individuals living in Agent Orange/Dioxin-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ba Vuong
- Department of Haematology, Toxicology, Radiation, and Occupation, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ha Van Quang
- The Center of Toxicological and Radiological Training and Research, Vietnam Military Medical University, Viet Nam
| | - Bui Ngoc Linh Trang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dao Hong Duong
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Linh Toan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Van Tong
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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9
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Meneely KM, McFarlane JS, Wright CL, Vela K, Swint-Kruse L, Fenton AW, Lamb AL. The 2.4 Å structure of Zymomonas mobilis pyruvate kinase: Implications for stability and regulation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023:109679. [PMID: 37393983 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Human liver pyruvate kinase (hlPYK) catalyzes the final step in glycolysis, the formation of pyruvate (PYR) and ATP from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and ADP. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), a pathway intermediate of glycolysis, serves as an allosteric activator of hlPYK. Zymomonas mobilis pyruvate kinase (ZmPYK) performs the final step of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, which is similar to glycolysis in that energy is harvested from glucose and pyruvate is generated. The Entner-Doudoroff pathway does not have FBP as a pathway intermediate, and ZmPYK is not allosterically activated. In this work, we solved the 2.4 Å X-ray crystallographic structure of ZmPYK. The protein is dimeric in solution as determined by gel filtration chromatography, but crystalizes as a tetramer. The buried surface area of the ZmPYK tetramerization interface is significantly smaller than that of hlPYK, and yet tetramerization using the standard interfaces from higher organisms provides an accessible low energy crystallization pathway. Interestingly, the ZmPYK structure showed a phosphate ion in the analogous location to the 6-phosphate binding site of FBP in hlPYK. Circular Dichroism (CD) was used to measure melting temperatures of hlPYK and ZmPYK in the absence and presence of substrates and effectors. The only significant difference was an additional phase of small amplitude for the ZmPYK melting curves. We conclude that the phosphate ion plays neither a structural or allosteric role in ZmPYK under the conditions tested. We hypothesize that ZmPYK does not have sufficient protein stability for activity to be tuned by allosteric effectors as described for rheostat positions in the allosteric homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Meneely
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Jeffrey S McFarlane
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Collette L Wright
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Kathryn Vela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Liskin Swint-Kruse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Aron W Fenton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Audrey L Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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10
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Varma A, Storey KB. Freeze-induced suppression of pyruvate kinase in liver of the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). Adv Biol Regul 2023; 88:100944. [PMID: 36542984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The wood frog (Rana sylvatica) undergoes physiological and metabolic changes to withstand subzero temperatures and whole body freezing during the winter months. Along with metabolic rate depression, high concentrations of glucose are produced as a cryoprotectant by liver and distributed to all other tissues. Pyruvate kinase (PK; EC:2.7.1.40), the final enzyme of glycolysis, plays an important role in the modulation of glucose metabolism and, therefore, overall metabolic regulation. The present study investigated the functional and kinetic properties of purified PK from liver of control (5 °C acclimated) and frozen (-2.5 °C for 24 h) wood frogs. Liver PK was purified to homogeneity by a two-step chromatographic process, followed by analysis of enzyme properties. A significant decrease in the affinity of PK for its substrates, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) at 22 °C and 5 °C was noted in liver from frozen frogs, as compared with controls. Immunoblotting also revealed freeze-responsive changes in posttranslational modifications with a significant increase in serine and threonine phosphorylation by 1.46-fold and 1.73- fold for PK from frozen frogs as compared with controls. Furthermore, a test of thermal stability showed that PK from liver of frozen wood frogs showed greater stability as compared with PK from control animals. Taken together, these results suggest that PK is negatively regulated, and glycolysis is suppressed, during freezing. This response acts as an important survival strategy for maintaining continuously elevated levels of cryoprotectant in frogs while they remain in a hypometabolic frozen state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Varma
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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11
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Fiddler JL, Blum JE, Heyden KE, Castillo LF, Thalacker-Mercer AE, Field MS. Impairments in SHMT2 expression or cellular folate availability reduce oxidative phosphorylation and pyruvate kinase activity. Genes Nutr 2023; 18:5. [PMID: 36959541 PMCID: PMC10037823 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-023-00724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) catalyzes the reversible conversion of tetrahydrofolate (THF) and serine-producing THF-conjugated one-carbon units and glycine in the mitochondria. Biallelic SHMT2 variants were identified in humans and suggested to alter the protein's active site, potentially disrupting enzymatic function. SHMT2 expression has also been shown to decrease with aging in human fibroblasts. Immortalized cell models of total SHMT2 loss or folate deficiency exhibit decreased oxidative capacity and impaired mitochondrial complex I assembly and protein levels, suggesting folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) and the oxidative phosphorylation system are functionally coordinated. This study examined the role of SHMT2 and folate availability in regulating mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, and cellular proliferative capacity in both heterozygous and homozygous cell models of reduced SHMT2 expression. In this study, primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were isolated from a C57Bl/6J dam crossed with a heterozygous Shmt2+/- male to generate Shmt2+/+ (wild-type) or Shmt2+/- (HET) MEF cells. In addition, haploid chronic myeloid leukemia cells (HAP1, wild-type) or HAP1 cells lacking SHMT2 expression (ΔSHMT2) were cultured for 4 doublings in either low-folate or folate-sufficient culture media. Cells were examined for proliferation, total folate levels, mtDNA content, protein levels of pyruvate kinase and PGC1α, pyruvate kinase enzyme activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial function. RESULTS Homozygous loss of SHMT2 in HAP1 cells impaired cellular folate accumulation and altered mitochondrial DNA content, formate production, membrane potential, and basal respiration. Formate rescued proliferation in HAP1, but not ΔSHMT2, cells cultured in low-folate medium. Pyruvate kinase activity and protein levels were impaired in ΔSHMT2 cells and in MEF cells exposed to low-folate medium. Mitochondrial biogenesis protein levels were elevated in Shmt2+/- MEF cells, while mitochondrial mass was increased in both homozygous and heterozygous models of SHMT2 loss. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study indicate disrupted mitochondrial FOCM impairs mitochondrial folate accumulation and respiration, mitochondrial formate production, glycolytic activity, and cellular proliferation. These changes persist even after a potentially compensatory increase in mitochondrial biogenesis as a result of decreased SHMT2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Fiddler
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Jamie E Blum
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katarina E Heyden
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Luisa F Castillo
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Anna E Thalacker-Mercer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Martha S Field
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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12
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Nain-Perez A, Nilsson O, Lulla A, Håversen L, Brear P, Liljenberg S, Hyvönen M, Borén J, Grøtli M. Tuning liver pyruvate kinase activity up or down with a new class of allosteric modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115177. [PMID: 36753880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The liver isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKL) has gained interest due to its potential capacity to regulate fatty acid synthesis involved in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here we describe a novel series of PKL modulators that can either activate or inhibit the enzyme allosterically, from a cryptic site at the interface of two protomers in the tetrameric enzyme. Starting from urolithin D, we designed and synthesised 42 new compounds. The effect of these compounds on PKL enzymatic activity was assessed after incubation with cell lysates obtained from a liver cell line. Pronounced activation of PKL activity, up to 3.8-fold, was observed for several compounds at 10 μM, while other compounds were prominent PKL inhibitors reducing its activity to 81% at best. A structure-activity relationship identified linear-shaped sulfone-sulfonamides as activators and non-linear compounds as inhibitors. Crystal structures revealed the conformations of these modulators, which were used as a reference for designing new modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalyn Nain-Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oscar Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aleksei Lulla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Liliana Håversen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul Brear
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Liljenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Morten Grøtli
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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13
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Dongerdiye R, Bokde M, More TA, Saptarshi A, Devendra R, Chiddarwar A, Warang P, Kedar P. Targeted next-generation sequencing identifies eighteen novel mutations expanding the molecular and clinical spectrum of PKLR gene disorders in the Indian population. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:1029-1036. [PMID: 36892591 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is an autosomal recessive condition, caused due to homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PKLR gene resulting in non-spherocytic hereditary hemolytic anemia. Clinical manifestations in PKD patients vary from moderate to severe lifelong hemolytic anemia either requiring neonatal exchange transfusion or blood transfusion support. Measuring PK enzyme activity is the gold standard approach for diagnosis but residual activity must be related to the increased reticulocyte count. The confirmatory diagnosis is provided by PKLR gene sequencing by conventional as well as targeted next-generation sequencing involving genes associated with enzymopathies, membranopathies, hemoglobinopathies, and bone marrow failure disorders. In this study, we report the mutational landscape of 45 unrelated PK deficiency cases from India. The genetic sequencing of PKLR revealed 40 variants comprising 34 Missense Mutations (MM), 2 Nonsense Mutations (NM), 1 Splice site, 1 Intronic, 1 Insertion, and 1 Large Base Deletion. The 17 novel variants identified in this study are A115E, R116P, A423G, K313I, E315G, E318K, L327P, M377L, A423E, R449G, H507Q, E538K, G563S, c.507 + 1 G > C, c.801_802 ins A (p.Asp268ArgfsTer48), IVS9dsA-T + 3, and one large base deletion. In combination with previous reports on PK deficiency, we suggest c.880G > A, c.943G > A, c.994G > A, c.1456C > T, c.1529G > A are the most frequently observed mutations in India. This study expands the phenotypic and molecular spectrum of PKLR gene disorders and also emphasizes the importance of combining both targeted next-generation sequencing with bioinformatics analysis and detailed clinical evaluation to elaborate a more accurate diagnosis and correct diagnosis for transfusion dependant hemolytic anemia in a cohort of the Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Dongerdiye
- Department of Haematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, 13th Floor, NMS Building, King Edward Memorial (KEM) Hospital Campus, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Meghana Bokde
- Department of Haematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, 13th Floor, NMS Building, King Edward Memorial (KEM) Hospital Campus, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Tejashree Anil More
- Department of Haematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, 13th Floor, NMS Building, King Edward Memorial (KEM) Hospital Campus, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Arati Saptarshi
- Department of Haematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, 13th Floor, NMS Building, King Edward Memorial (KEM) Hospital Campus, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Rati Devendra
- Department of Haematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, 13th Floor, NMS Building, King Edward Memorial (KEM) Hospital Campus, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashish Chiddarwar
- Department of Haematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, 13th Floor, NMS Building, King Edward Memorial (KEM) Hospital Campus, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant Warang
- Department of Haematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, 13th Floor, NMS Building, King Edward Memorial (KEM) Hospital Campus, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Prabhakar Kedar
- Department of Haematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, 13th Floor, NMS Building, King Edward Memorial (KEM) Hospital Campus, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India.
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14
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Abstract
Mitapivat, an oral first-in-class activator of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PKR), was first investigated in patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD), where it was found to improve hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations in patients who did not regularly receive transfusions and to reduce transfusion burden in patients who receive regular transfusions. It was approved in 2022 for the treatment of PKD and is being explored in other hereditary chronic conditions that are associated with hemolytic mechanisms of anemia, such as sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia. In a proof-of-concept phase I study in SCD, treatment with mitapivat demonstrated efficacy in increasing Hb concentrations, but also restored the thermostability of PKR, increasing its activity and decreasing 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels in sickle erythrocytes, which decreases Hb polymerization by increasing the affinity of Hb to oxygen. In thalassemia, mitapivat is hypothesized to increase adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and mitigate harmful effects on red blood cells. This hypothesis is supported by preclinical data showing that mitapivat ameliorated ineffective erythropoiesis, iron overload and anemia in the Hbbth3/+ murine model of β-thalassemia intermedia. The efficacy and safety of mitapivat were confirmed in an open-label, multicenter, phase II study of patients with non-transfusion-dependent α-thalassemia or β-thalassemia, where activation of PKR improves anemia, and the drug showed a tolerable safety profile comparable to that in previous studies in other hemolytic anemias. Together, these efficacy and safety results provide rationale for continuing investigation of mitapivat for the treatment of thalassemia and SCD, developing other PK activators and starting investigational studies in other acquired diseases characterized by dyserythropoiesis and hemolytic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pilo
- Hematology and Transplant Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Angelucci
- Hematology and Cellular Therapy Center, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
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15
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Sung BJ, Lim SB, Yang WM, Kim JH, Kulkarni RN, Kim YB, Lee MK. ROCK1 regulates insulin secretion from β-cells. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101625. [PMID: 36374631 PMCID: PMC9649378 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The endocrine pancreatic β-cells play a pivotal role in maintaining whole-body glucose homeostasis and its dysregulation is a consistent feature in all forms of diabetes. However, knowledge of intracellular regulators that modulate β-cell function remains incomplete. We investigated the physiological role of ROCK1 in the regulation of insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. METHODS Mice lacking ROCK1 in pancreatic β-cells (RIP-Cre; ROCK1loxP/loxP, β-ROCK1-/-) were studied. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests as well as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were measured. An insulin secretion response to a direct glucose or pyruvate or pyruvate kinase (PK) activator stimulation in isolated islets from β-ROCK1-/- mice or β-cell lines with knockdown of ROCK1 was also evaluated. A proximity ligation assay was performed to determine the physical interactions between PK and ROCK1. RESULTS Mice with a deficiency of ROCK1 in pancreatic β-cells exhibited significantly increased blood glucose levels and reduced serum insulin without changes in body weight. Interestingly, β-ROCK1-/- mice displayed a progressive impairment of glucose tolerance while maintaining insulin sensitivity mostly due to impaired GSIS. Consistently, GSIS markedly decreased in ROCK1-deficient islets and ROCK1 knockdown INS-1 cells. Concurrently, ROCK1 blockade led to a significant decrease in intracellular calcium and ATP levels and oxygen consumption rates in isolated islets and INS-1 cells. Treatment of ROCK1-deficient islets or ROCK1 knockdown β-cells either with pyruvate or a PK activator rescued the impaired GSIS. Mechanistically, we observed that glucose stimulation in β-cells greatly enhanced ROCK1 binding to PK. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that β-cell ROCK1 is essential for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and for glucose homeostasis and that ROCK1 acts as an upstream regulator of glycolytic pyruvate kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Jun Sung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Bin Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Won-Mo Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Moon-Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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16
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Xiao J, Zeng W, Zhang P, Zhou Y, Fang Q. Acid ceramidase targeting pyruvate kinase affected trypsinogen activation in acute pancreatitis. Mol Med 2022; 28:106. [PMID: 36068514 PMCID: PMC9450262 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas. Severe cases of acute pancreatitis are potentially fatal and have no specific treatment available. Premature trypsinogen activation could initiate acute pancreatitis. However, the mechanism underlying premature trypsinogen activation is not fully understood. Methods In this research, a primary pancreatic acinar cell or mouse acute pancreatitis model was constructed. The effect of acid ceramidase (ASAH1), which is responsible for sphingosine production, was investigated in trypsinogen activation in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, the proteins regulating ASAH1 or binding to sphingosine were also detected by co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. Results The results showed that ASAH1 increased in acute pancreatitis. Increased ASAH1 promoted the activation of trypsinogen and cathepsin B. On the contrary, ASAH1 downregulation inhibited trypsinogen and cathepsin B. Meanwhile, ASAH1 regulated the activity of trypsin and cathepsin B through sphingosine. Additionally, E3 ligase Mind bomb homolog 1 (MIB1) decreased in acute pancreatitis resulting in the decreased binding between MIB1 and ASAH1. Exogenous MIB1 diminished the elevation in trypsin activity induced by acute pancreatitis inducer. ASAH1 increased owing to the inhibition of the proteasome degradation by MIB1. In acute pancreatitis, sphingosine was found to bind to pyruvate kinase. Pyruvate kinase activation could reduce trypsinogen activation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by sphingosine. Conclusions In conclusion, during the process of acute pancreatitis, MIB1 downregulation led to ASAH1 upregulation, resulting in pyruvate kinase inhibition, followed by trypsinogen activation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00538-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China. .,Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China.
| | - Wenying Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiangqiang Fang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
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17
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Mungkalasut P, Kiatamornrak P, Jugnam-Ang W, Krudsood S, Cheepsunthorn P, Cheepsunthorn CL. Haematological profile of malaria patients with G6PD and PKLR variants (erythrocytic enzymopathies): a cross-sectional study in Thailand. Malar J 2022; 21:250. [PMID: 36038921 PMCID: PMC9426002 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and pyruvate kinase (PKLR) deficiencies are common causes of erythrocyte haemolysis in the presence of antimalarial drugs such as primaquine and tafenoquine. The present study aimed to elucidate such an association by thoroughly investigating the haematological indices in malaria patients with G6PD and PKLRR41Q variants. Methods Blood samples from 255 malaria patients from Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia were collected to determine haematological profile, G6PD enzyme activity and G6PD deficiency variants. The multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the association between anaemia and G6PD MahidolG487A, the most common mutation in this study. Results The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 11.1% (27/244) in males and 9.1% (1/11) in female. The MAFs of the G6PD MahidolG487A and PKLRR41Q variants were 7.1% and 2.6%, respectively. Compared with patients with wildtype G6PD after controlling for haemoglobinopathies, G6PD-deficient patients with hemizygous and homozygous G6PD MahidolG487A exhibited anaemia with low levels of haemoglobin (11.16 ± 2.65 g/dl, p = 0.041). These patients also exhibited high levels of reticulocytes (3.60%). The median value of G6PD activity before treatment (Day 0) was significantly lower than that of after treatment (Day 28) (5.51 ± 2.54 U/g Hb vs. 6.68 ± 2.45 U/g Hb; p < 0.001). Reticulocyte levels on Day 28 were significantly increased compared to that of on Day 0 (2.14 ± 0.92% vs 1.57 ± 1.06%; p < 0.001). PKLRR41Q had no correlation with anaemia in malaria patients. The risk of anaemia inpatients with G6PDMahidolG487A was higher than wildtype patients (OR = 3.48, CI% 1.24–9.75, p = 0.018). Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that G6PDMahidolG487A independently associated with anaemia (< 11 g/dl) after adjusted by age, gender, Plasmodium species, parasite density, PKLRR41Q, and haemoglobinopathies (p < 0.001). Conclusions This study revealed that malaria patients with G6PD MahidolG487A, but not with PKLRR41Q, had anaemia during infection. As a compensatory response to haemolytic anaemia after malaria infection, these patients generated more reticulocytes. The findings emphasize the effect of host genetic background on haemolytic anaemia and the importance of screening patients for erythrocyte enzymopathies and related mutations prior to anti-malarial therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04267-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punchalee Mungkalasut
- Interdisciplinary Programme of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patcharakorn Kiatamornrak
- Medical Biochemistry Programme, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Jugnam-Ang
- Medical Biochemistry Programme, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Srivicha Krudsood
- Department of Tropical Hygiene and Clinical Malaria Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Quezado ZMN, Kamimura S, Smith M, Wang X, Heaven MR, Jana S, Vogel S, Zerfas P, Combs CA, Almeida LEF, Li Q, Quezado M, Horkayne-Szakaly I, Kosinski PA, Yu S, Kapadnis U, Kung C, Dang L, Wakim P, Eaton WA, Alayash AI, Thein SL. Mitapivat increases ATP and decreases oxidative stress and erythrocyte mitochondria retention in a SCD mouse model. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2022; 95:102660. [PMID: 35366607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2022.102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymerization of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin (HbS) leads to erythrocyte sickling. Enhancing activity of the erythrocyte glycolytic pathway has anti-sickling potential as this reduces 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and increases ATP, factors that decrease HbS polymerization and improve erythrocyte membrane integrity. These factors can be modulated by mitapivat, which activates erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PKR) and improves sickling kinetics in SCD patients. We investigated mechanisms by which mitapivat may impact SCD by examining its effects in the Townes SCD mouse model. Control (HbAA) and sickle (HbSS) mice were treated with mitapivat or vehicle. Surprisingly, HbSS had higher PKR protein, higher ATP, and lower 2,3-DPG levels, compared to HbAA mice, in contrast with humans with SCD, in whom 2,3-DPG is elevated compared to healthy subjects. Despite our inability to investigate 2,3-DPG-mediated sickling and hemoglobin effects, mitapivat yielded potential benefits in HbSS mice. Mitapivat further increased ATP without significantly changing 2,3-DPG or hemoglobin levels, and decreased levels of leukocytosis, erythrocyte oxidative stress, and the percentage of erythrocytes that retained mitochondria in HbSS mice. These data suggest that, even though Townes HbSS mice have increased PKR activity, further activation of PKR with mitapivat yields potentially beneficial effects that are independent of changes in sickling or hemoglobin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenaide M N Quezado
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Sayuri Kamimura
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meghann Smith
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xunde Wang
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael R Heaven
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Sirsendu Jana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia Zerfas
- Office of Research Services, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christian A Combs
- Light Microscopy Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luis E F Almeida
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Quan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martha Quezado
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Iren Horkayne-Szakaly
- Neuropathology and Ophthalmic Pathology, Joint Pathology Center, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | - Shaoxia Yu
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Charles Kung
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lenny Dang
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paul Wakim
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William A Eaton
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Swee Lay Thein
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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19
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Falak S, Saeed MS, Rashid N. Molecular cloning, expression in Escherichia coli and structural-functional analysis of a pyruvate kinase from Pyrobaculum calidifontis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1410-1421. [PMID: 35472364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes recombinant production, characterization and structural analysis of wild-type and mutant Pcal_0029, a pyruvate kinase from Pyrobaculum calidifontis. Recombinant Pcal_0029 was produced in soluble and highly active form in Escherichia coli. Purified protein exhibited divalent metal-dependent activity which increased with the increase in temperature till 85 °C. Recombinant Pcal_0029 was highly thermostable with no significant loss in activity even after an incubation of 120 min at 100 °C. The enzyme exhibited apparent S0.5 and Vmax values of 0.44 ± 0.05 mM and 840 ± 39 units, respectively, towards phosphoenolpyruvate. These values towards adenosine-5'-diphosphate were 0.5 ± 0.07 mM and 870 ± 26 units, respectively. In silico structural analysis and comparison with the characterized enzymes revealed the presence of eight conserved regions. Two substitutions, K130E and S155G, resulted in a 10-fold decrease in activity. Secondary structure analysis indicated similar structures for the wild-type and the mutant enzymes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed disruption of interatomic interactions and hydrogen bond formation, leading to a decreased flexibility and solvent accessibility, which may have led to decrease in activity. To the best of our knowledge, Pcal_0029 is the most thermostable pyruvate kinase reported so far. Moreover, this is the first study on the role of non-catalytic residues in a pyruvate kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Falak
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sulaiman Saeed
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Rashid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
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20
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Lu DH, Sun GP, Ma H, Xu MJ, Gao SL, Wang DM. [Research progress of pyruvate kinase type M2 in hepatocellular carcinoma]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2022; 30:117-120. [PMID: 35152683 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20200708-00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common high-grade malignant tumors in the world. Its incidence ranks fifth among malignant tumors in China, and various therapeutic measures have poor curative effect. Pyruvate kinase type M2 is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, and its abnormal expression in liver cancer is closely related to the proliferation, metastasis, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, as well as drug and radiation resistance. Therefore, multi-pathway targeted regulation of pyruvate kinase type M2 use is expected to become a new direction for the treatment of primary liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Lu
- Department of Oncology, the 901st Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Hefei 230031, China
| | - G P Sun
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - H Ma
- Department of Oncology, the 901st Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Hefei 230031, China
| | - M J Xu
- Department of Oncology, the 901st Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Hefei 230031, China
| | - S L Gao
- Department of Oncology, the 901st Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Hefei 230031, China
| | - D M Wang
- Department of Oncology, the 901st Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Hefei 230031, China
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21
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Chhipa AS, Patel S. Targeting pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 (PKM2) in cancer: What do we know so far? Life Sci 2021; 280:119694. [PMID: 34102192 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death globally. Cancer cell transformation is the result of intricate crosstalk between intracellular components and proteins. A characteristic feature of cancer cells is the ability to reprogram their metabolic pathways to ensure their infinite proliferative potential. Pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 (PKM2) is a glycolytic enzyme that plays crucial roles in cancer, apart from carrying out its metabolic roles. PKM2 is involved in all the major events associated with cancer growth. Modulation of PKM2 activity (dimer inhibition or tetramer activation) has been successful in controlling cancer. However, recent studies provide contrary evidences regarding the oncogenic functions of PKM2. Moreover, several studies have highlighted the cancerous roles of PKM1 isoform in certain contexts. The present review aims at providing the current updates regarding PKM2 targeting in cancer. Further, the review discusses the contradictory results that suggest that both the isoforms of PKM can lead to cancer growth. In conclusion, the review emphasizes revisiting the approaches to target cancer metabolism through PKM to find novel and effective targets for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Snehal Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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22
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Haghighi O. In Silico Study of the Structure and Ligand Preference of Pyruvate Kinases from Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3651-3671. [PMID: 34347252 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Finding reliable cheap sources for producing chemicals and materials is always challenging. During recent decades, photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria, which used CO2 as a carbon source for making products, have attracted a great deal of attention. Among cyanobacteria, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has been considered as a model strain and has some desirable features that make it suitable for use as an industrial strain. Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the transformation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate in the last step of glycolysis that is an essential enzyme to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in all organisms. Therefore, it plays a critical role in regulating cell metabolism. However, active and allosteric sites of PK and allosteric mechanisms governing PK activity are poorly understood in many bacteria. This study was aimed to provide more insight into PKs of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, using in silico methods. The results indicated that predicted structures of PKs from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 are reliable and can be considered for further studies. Molecular docking studies suggested that for predicted structures of sll0587 and sll1275, respectively, there are three and two possible active or allosteric sites. Furthermore, molecular interaction analysis of modeled structures proposes that sll0587 is strongly inhibited by ATP and when ATP concentration is low, this isoenzyme is active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Haghighi
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P. O. Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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23
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Sun X, Peng Y, Zhao J, Xie Z, Lei X, Tang G. Discovery and development of tumor glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104891. [PMID: 33940446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells mainly provide necessary energy and substances for rapid cell growth through aerobic perglycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation. This phenomenon is called the "Warburg effect". The mechanism of glycolysis in tumor cells is more complicated, which is caused by the comprehensive regulation of multiple factors. Abnormal enzyme metabolism is one of the main influencing factors and inhibiting the three main rate-limiting enzymes in glycolysis is thought to be important strategy for cancer treatment. Therefore, numerous inhibitors of glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme have been developed in recent years, such as the latest HKII inhibitor and PKM2 inhibitor Pachymic acid (PA) and N-(4-(3-(3-(methylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-5-(4'-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)propiolamide. The review focuses on source, structure-activity relationship, bioecological activity and mechanism of the three main rate-limiting enzymes inhibitors, and hopes to guide the future research on the design and synthesis of rate-limiting enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Sun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, PR China
| | - Yijiao Peng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, PR China
| | - Jingduo Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China.
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24
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Verma H, Cholia RP, Kaur S, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. A short review on cross-link between pyruvate kinase (PKM2) and Glioblastoma Multiforme. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:751-765. [PMID: 33651273 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the last irreversible reaction of glycolysis pathway, generating pyruvate and ATP, from Phosphoenol Pyruvate (PEP) and ADP precursors. In mammals, four different tissue-specific isoforms (M1, M2, L and R) of PK exist, which are translated from two genes (PKL and PKR). PKM2 is the highly expressed isoform of PK in cancers, which regulates the aerobic glycolysis via reprogramming cancer cell's metabolic pathways to provide an anabolic advantage to the tumor cells. In addition to the established role of PKM2 in aerobic glycolysis of multiple cancer types, various recent findings have highlighted the non-metabolic functions of PKM2 in brain tumor development. Nuclear PKM2 acts as a co-activator and directly regulates gene transcription. PKM2 dependent transactivation of various oncogenic genes is instrumental in the progression and aggressiveness of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Also, PKM2 acts as a protein kinase in histone modification which regulates gene expression and tumorigenesis. Ongoing research has explored novel regulatory mechanisms of PKM2 and its association in GBM progression. This review enlists and summarizes the metabolic and non-metabolic roles of PKM2 at the cellular level, and its regulatory function highlights the importance of the nuclear functions of PKM2 in GBM progression, and an emerging role of PKM2 as novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harkomal Verma
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, Pin Code: 151 401, India
| | - Ravi P Cholia
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, Pin Code: 151 401, India
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Sharanjot Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil K Mantha
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, Pin Code: 151 401, India.
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25
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Arundhathi JRD, Mathur SR, Gogia A, Deo SVS, Mohapatra P, Prasad CP. Metabolic changes in triple negative breast cancer-focus on aerobic glycolysis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4733-4745. [PMID: 34047880 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among breast cancer subtypes, the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis. In absence of any permitted targeted therapy, standard chemotherapy is the mainstay for TNBC treatment. Hence, there is a crucial need to identify potential druggable targets in TNBCs for its effective treatment. In recent times, metabolic reprogramming has emerged as cancer cells hallmark, wherein cancer cells display discrete metabolic phenotypes to fuel cell progression and metastasis. Altered glycolysis is one such phenotype, in which even in oxygen abundance majority of cancer cells harvest considerable amount of energy through elevated glycolytic-flux. In the present review, we attempt to summarize the role of key glycolytic enzymes i.e. HK, Hexokinase; PFK, Phosphofructokinase; PKM2, Pyruvate kinase isozyme type 2; and LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase in TNBCs, and possible therapeutic options presently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Dev Arundhathi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sandeep R Mathur
- Department of Pathology, Dr BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ajay Gogia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S V S Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Milanesio B, Pepe C, Defelipe LA, Eandi Eberle S, Avalos Gomez V, Chaves A, Albero A, Aguirre F, Fernandez D, Aizpurua L, Paula Dieuzeide M, Turjanski A, Bianchi P, Fermo E, Feliu-Torres A. Six novel variants in the PKLR gene associated with pyruvate kinase deficiency in Argentinian patients. Clin Biochem 2021; 91:26-30. [PMID: 33631127 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is a rare recessive congenital hemolytic anemia caused by mutations in the PKLR gene. The disease shows a marked variability in clinical expression. We studied the molecular features of nine unrelated Argentinian patients with congenital hemolytic anemia associated with erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency. DESIGN AND METHODS Routine hematologic investigations were performed to rule out other causes of chronic hemolytic anemia. Sanger sequencing and in-sílico analysis were carried out to identify and characterize the genetics variants. RESULTS Six different novel missense variants were detected among the 18 studied alleles: c.661 G > C (Asp221His), c.956 G > T (Gly319Val), c.1595 G > C (Arg532Pro), c.347 G > A (Arg116Gln), c.1232 G > T (Gly411Val), c.1021G > A (Gly341Ser). Structural implications of amino-acid substitutions were correlated with the clinical phenotypes seen in the probands. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive report on molecular characterization of pyruvate kinase deficiency in Argentina and the second from South America that would contribute to our knowledge on the distribution and frequency of PKLR variants in our population but also offer new insights into the interpretation of the effect of PKLR variants and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Milanesio
- Servicio de Hematología-Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Combate de los Pozos 1881, (C1245AAM) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Pepe
- Servicio de Hematología-Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Combate de los Pozos 1881, (C1245AAM) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas A Defelipe
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; IQUIBICEN/UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Eandi Eberle
- Servicio de Hematología-Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Combate de los Pozos 1881, (C1245AAM) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Avalos Gomez
- Servicio de Hematología-Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Combate de los Pozos 1881, (C1245AAM) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Chaves
- Servicio de Hematología-Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Combate de los Pozos 1881, (C1245AAM) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Albero
- Servicio de Hematología-Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Combate de los Pozos 1881, (C1245AAM) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Aguirre
- Servicio de Hematología-Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Combate de los Pozos 1881, (C1245AAM) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Fernandez
- Servicio de Hematología-Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Combate de los Pozos 1881, (C1245AAM) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Aizpurua
- Servicio de Hematología-Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Combate de los Pozos 1881, (C1245AAM) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Dieuzeide
- Servicio de Hematología-Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Combate de los Pozos 1881, (C1245AAM) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Turjanski
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; IQUIBICEN/UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Bianchi
- U.O.C. Ematologia, U.O.S. FisiopatologiadelleAnemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granada, OspedaleMaggiore Policlínico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Fermo
- U.O.C. Ematologia, U.O.S. FisiopatologiadelleAnemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granada, OspedaleMaggiore Policlínico, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Feliu-Torres
- Servicio de Hematología-Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Combate de los Pozos 1881, (C1245AAM) Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Auclair J, Peyrot C, Wilkinson KJ, Gagné F. The geometry of the toxicity of silver nanoparticles to freshwater mussels. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 239:108841. [PMID: 32781291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The question about the influence of the geometry of silver nanoparticle (nAg) towards toxicity in aquatic organisms is largely unanswered. The purpose of this study was to examine if different geometries of nAg could initiate biophysical stress in the soft tissues of mussels. Freshwater Dreissenna bugensis mussels were exposed for 48 h at 15 °C to 10 and 50 μg/L of ionic Ag and to 3 forms of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated nAg of similar size: sphere, cube and prism. At the end of the exposure period, mussels were allowed to depurate overnight and the post-mitochondrial fraction of the soft tissues were analyzed for the levels of liquid crystals (LCs), changes in the activity and fractal dimensions of pyruvate kinase-lactate dehydrogenase (PK-LDH), F-actin and protein-ubiquitin (UB) levels. The data revealed that exposure to nAg forms lead to increased formation of LCs in increasing order of intensity: prismatic > cubic > spherical nAg. The activity in PK-LDH was decreased by all forms of nAg but not by ionic Ag+ (as with the following effects). Fractal kinetics of the PK-LDH system revealed that the nAg forms increased the spectral dimension (sD) in increasing order: spherical > cubic > prismatic nAg. A decrease in the fractal diffusion rate (fDR) with small changes in the fractal dimension (fD) was also obtained. The levels of F-actin and protein-UB were significantly affected for most forms of nAg and followed a pattern similar to LCs levels. In conclusion, the geometry of nAg could influence the formation of LCs, alter the fractal kinetics of the PK-LDH system, F-actin levels and protein damage in the soft tissues of freshwater mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Auclair
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada; Chemistry Department, Montréal University, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - C Peyrot
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada; Chemistry Department, Montréal University, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - K J Wilkinson
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada; Chemistry Department, Montréal University, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - F Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada; Chemistry Department, Montréal University, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Baldissera MD, Souza CF, Barroso DC, Pereira RS, Alessio KO, Bizzi C, Baldisserotto B, Val AL. Acute exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of copper affects branchial and hepatic phosphoryl transfer network of Cichlasoma amazonarum: Impacts on bioenergetics homeostasis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 238:108846. [PMID: 32777469 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The toxic effects of copper (Cu) are linked to dysfunction of metabolism and depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Nevertheless, the effects related to phosphoryl transfer network, a network of enzymes to precise coupling of the ATP-production and ATP-consuming process for maintenance of bioenergetic, remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the phosphoryl transfer network could be one pathway involved in the bioenergetic imbalance of Cichlasoma amazonarum exposed for 96 h to environmentally relevant concentrations of Cu found in Amazonia water around mines. Branchial mitochondrial creatine kinase (CK) activity was significantly lower in fish exposed to 1500 μg/L Cu than in the control group, while branchial cytosolic CK activity was significantly greater. Branchial (exposed to 750 and 1500 μg/L Cu) and hepatic (exposed to 1500 μg/L Cu) pyruvate kinase (PK) activity was significantly lower in fish exposed to Cu than in the control group. Branchial and hepatic ATP levels were significantly lower in fish exposed to 1500 μg/L than in the control group. Branchial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were significantly higher in fish exposed to 750 and 1500 μg/L Cu compared to control. Hepatic ROS and LPO levels were significantly higher in fish exposed to 1500 μg/L than in the control group. Branchial and hepatic Cu levels were significantly higher in fish exposed to 1500 μg/L compared to other groups. Exposure to 750 and 1500 μg/L Cu impairs bioenergetics homeostasis, which appears to be mediated by ROS overproduction and lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Carine F Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Danilo C Barroso
- LEEM-Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Rogério Santos Pereira
- LEEM-Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Keiti O Alessio
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cézar Bizzi
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adalberto L Val
- LEEM-Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Chappell BM, Fenton AW. The phosphate moiety of phosphoenolpyruvate does NOT contribute to allosteric regulation of liver pyruvate kinase by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate ✝. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 695:108633. [PMID: 33075302 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A linked-function theory for allostery allows for a differentiation between those protein-ligand interactions that contribute the most to ligand binding and those protein-ligand interactions that contribute to the allosteric mechanism. This potential distinction is the basis for analogue studies used to determine which chemical moieties on the allosteric effector contribute to allostery. Although less recognized, the same separation of functions is possible for substrate-enzyme interactions. When evaluating allosteric regulation in human liver pyruvate kinase, the use of a range of monovalent cations (K+, NH4+, Rb+, Cs+, cyclohexylammonium+ and Tris+) altered substrate (phosphoenolpyruvate; PEP) affinity, but maintained similar allosteric responses to the allosteric activator, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-BP). Because crystal structures indicate that the active site monovalent cation interacts directly with the phosphate moiety of the bound PEP substrate, we questioned if the phosphate moiety might contribute to substrate binding, but not to the allosteric mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that the binding of oxalate, a non-phosphorylated substrate/product analogue, is allosterically enhanced by Fru-1,6-BP. That observation is consistent with the concept that the phosphate moiety of PEP is not required for the allosteric function, even though that moiety likely contributes to determining substrate affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Chappell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Aron W Fenton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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Smolinski MB, Varma A, Green SR, Storey KB. Purification and Regulation of Pyruvate Kinase from the Foot Muscle of the Anoxia and Freeze Tolerant Marine Snail, Littorina littorea. Protein J 2020; 39:531-541. [PMID: 33095404 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The intertidal marine snail, Littorina littorea, has evolved to survive bouts of anoxia and extracellular freezing brought about by changing tides and subsequent exposure to harsh environmental conditions. Survival in these anoxic conditions depends on the animals entering a state of metabolic rate depression in order to maintain an appropriate energy production-consumption balance during periods of limited oxygen availability. This study investigated the kinetic, physical, and regulatory properties of pyruvate kinase (PK), which catalyzes the final reaction of aerobic glycolysis, from foot muscle of L. littorea to determine if the enzyme is differentially regulated in response to anoxia and freezing exposure. PK purified from foot muscle of anoxic animals exhibited a lower affinity for its substrate phosphoenolpyruvate than PK from control and frozen animals. PK from anoxic animals was also more sensitive to a number of allosteric regulators, including alanine and aspartate, which are key anaerobic metabolites in L. littorea. Furthermore, PK purified from anoxic and frozen animals exhibited greater stability compared to the non-stressed control animals, determined through high-temperature incubation studies. Phosphorylation of threonine and tyrosine residues was also assessed and demonstrated that levels of threonine phosphorylation of PK from anoxic animals were significantly higher than those of PK from control and frozen animals, suggesting a potential mechanism for regulating PK activity. Taken together, these results suggest that PK plays a role in suppressing metabolic rate in these animals during environmental anoxia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Smolinski
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Anchal Varma
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Stuart R Green
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Sugrue E, Coombes D, Wood D, Zhu T, Donovan KA, Dobson RCJ. The lid domain is important, but not essential, for catalysis of Escherichia coli pyruvate kinase. Eur Biophys J 2020; 49:761-772. [PMID: 32978636 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase catalyses the final step of the glycolytic pathway in central energy metabolism. The monomeric structure comprises three domains: a catalytic TIM-barrel, a regulatory domain involved in allosteric activation, and a lid domain that encloses the substrates. The lid domain is thought to close over the TIM-barrel domain forming contacts with the substrates to promote catalysis and may be involved in stabilising the activated state when the allosteric activator is bound. However, it remains unknown whether the lid domain is essential for pyruvate kinase catalytic or regulatory function. To address this, we removed the lid domain of Escherichia coli pyruvate kinase type 1 (PKTIM+Reg) using protein engineering. Biochemical analyses demonstrate that, despite the absence of key catalytic residues in the lid domain, PKTIM+Reg retains a low level of catalytic activity and has a reduced binding affinity for the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate. The enzyme retains allosteric activation, but the regulatory profile of the enzyme is changed relative to the wild-type enzyme. Analytical ultracentrifugation and small-angle X-ray scattering data show that, beyond the loss of the lid domain, the PKTIM+Reg structure is not significantly altered and is consistent with the wild-type tetramer that is assembled through interactions at the TIM and regulatory domains. Our results highlight the contribution of the lid domain for facilitating pyruvate kinase catalysis and regulation, which could aid in the development of small molecule inhibitors for pyruvate kinase and related lid-regulated enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sugrue
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, PO Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.,MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - David Coombes
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, PO Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - David Wood
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, PO Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Tong Zhu
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, PO Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, PO Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, PO Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand. .,Biol21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Li Q, Zhao P, Yin H, Liu Z, Zhao H, Tian P. CRISPR interference-guided modulation of glucose pathways to boost aconitic acid production in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:174. [PMID: 32883305 PMCID: PMC7470443 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One major mission of microbial breeding is high-level production of desired metabolites. Overproduction of intermediate metabolites in core pathways is challenging as it may impair cell growth and viability. Results Here we report that aconitic acid, an intermediate metabolite in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, can be overproduced by an engineered CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system in Escherichia coli. This CRISPRi system was designed to simultaneously target pyruvate kinase (PK) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), two enzymes in glycolytic pathway and TCA cycle, respectively. Reverse transcription and quantitative PCR and enzyme activity assays showed that this engineered CRISPRi system significantly repressed the genes encoding IDH and PK, resulting in simultaneous reduction in the activities of IDH and PK. In shake-flask and fed-batch cultivation, this CRISPRi strain produced 60-fold (362.80 ± 22.05 mg/L) and 15-fold (623.80 ± 20.05 mg/L) of aconitic acid relative to the control strain, respectively. In addition, this two-target CRISPRi strain maintained low levels of acetate and lactate, two problematic byproducts. Conclusions This work demonstrates that CRISPRi system can improve aconitic acid production by coordinating glycolysis and TCA cycle. This study provides insights for high-level production of the intermediate metabolites in central pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Zhaonan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Pingfang Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Mishra S, Goyal P, Kumar D, Chaudhari R, Rajala MS. Experimental validation of influenza A virus matrix protein (M1) interaction with host cellular alpha enolase and pyruvate kinase. Virology 2020; 549:59-67. [PMID: 32841760 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus, a respiratory pathogen manipulates various host cellular processes to establish a successful infection in a host. We had reported earlier the interaction of influenza A virus nucleoprotein with host glycolytic enzymes; alpha enolase and pyruvate kinase in A549 cells. Matrix protein (M1), another multifunctional protein encoded by genome segment 7 forms the inner layer of the virion and interacts with the ribonucleoprotein complex. Nucleoprotein and matrix protein, major structural components of the virion together contribute to the stability of the capsid. Thus, we have investigated the interaction of viral matrix protein with host glycolytic enzymes; alpha enolase and pyruvate kinase. Results had demonstrated differential expression of these two glycolytic enzymes in response to matrix protein and their interaction with matrix protein by in vitro binding, co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization studies. Our results confirmed that viral matrix protein interacts with host glycolytic enzymes in association with viral nucleoprotein.
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Jaiswal AK, Makhija S, Stahr N, Sandey M, Suryawanshi A, Mishra A. Pyruvate kinase M2 in lung APCs regulates Alternaria-induced airway inflammation. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151956. [PMID: 32747016 PMCID: PMC7403530 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity to allergenic fungi (Alternaria alternata) is associated with acute, severe asthma attacks. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the lung sense environmental perturbations that induce cellular stress and metabolic changes and are critical for allergic airway inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying such environmental sensing by APCs in the lung remains unclear. Here we show that acute Alternaria challenge rapidly induces neutrophil accumulation in airways, and alter expressions of Pyruvate Kinase (PKM2) and hypoxia-inducible factor -1α (Hif-1α) that correlates with proinflammatory mediator release. Blockade of IL33 signaling in vivo led to reduce oxidative stress and glycolysis in lung APCs. Lung-specific ablation of CD11c+ cells abrogates Alternaria-induced neutrophil accumulation and inflammation. Furthermore, administration of Alternaria into the airways stimulated APCs and elevate the expression of Glut-1. Mechanistically, we establish that PKM2 is a critical modulator of lung APC activation in Alternaria-induced acute inflammation. Allosteric activation of PKM2 by a small molecule ML265 or siRNA-mediated knock down correlated negatively with glycolysis and activation of APCs. These results collectively demonstrates that PKM2-mediated glycolytic reprogramming by fungal allergen Alternaria influences lung APC activation, thereby promotes acute airway inflammation. Our data support a model in which Alternaria sensitization in airways induce a circuitry of glycolysis and PKM2 regulation that confers an acute activation of APCs in the lung, whose targeting might represent a strategy for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Sangeet Makhija
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Natalie Stahr
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Amarjit Mishra
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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Qian Z, Hu W, Lv Z, Liu H, Chen D, Wang Y, Wu J, Zheng S. PKM2 upregulation promotes malignancy and indicates poor prognosis for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:162-173. [PMID: 31303531 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has been shown to be among the crucial enzymes that regulate aerobic glycolysis in multiple tumour cells, its role in the treatment and prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains unclear. This study primarily aimed to determine whether the expression status of PKM2 is potentially associated with the clinical outcomes of ICC. METHODS PKM2 expression was evaluated in ICC cell lines and tissues via real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence assays, and Western blot, and its prognostic value was determined according to its impact on the overall survival of patients. RESULTS We found that PKM2 is highly expressed in ICC, and this was correlated with patient survival. Moreover, we found that PKM2 knockdown could considerably inhibit ICC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro. CONCLUSIONS PKM2 was overexpressed in ICC, and it may regulate proliferation, invasion, and migration and lead to poor prognosis. Thus, PKM2 might be a potential independent prognostic factor for ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Qian
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative innovation center for Diagnosis treatment of infectious diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wendi Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative innovation center for Diagnosis treatment of infectious diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Lv
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative innovation center for Diagnosis treatment of infectious diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative innovation center for Diagnosis treatment of infectious diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative innovation center for Diagnosis treatment of infectious diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yacong Wang
- Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative innovation center for Diagnosis treatment of infectious diseases, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative innovation center for Diagnosis treatment of infectious diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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Pinto Torres JE, Yuan M, Goossens J, Versées W, Caljon G, Michels PA, Walkinshaw MD, Magez S, Sterckx YGJ. Structural and kinetic characterization of Trypanosoma congolense pyruvate kinase. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2020; 236:111263. [PMID: 32084384 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma are blood-borne parasites and are the causative agents of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affecting both humans and animals. These parasites mainly rely on glycolysis for their energy production within the mammalian host, which is why trypanosomal glycolytic enzymes have been pursued as interesting targets for the development of trypanocidal drugs. The structure-function relationships of pyruvate kinases (PYKs) from trypanosomatids (Trypanosoma and Leishmania) have been well-studied within this context. In this paper, we describe the structural and enzymatic characterization of PYK from T. congolense (TcoPYK), the main causative agent of Animal African Trypanosomosis (AAT), by employing a combination of enzymatic assays, thermal unfolding studies and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joar Esteban Pinto Torres
- Research Unit for Cellular and Molecular Immunology (CMIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Meng Yuan
- Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, The King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Goossens
- Research Unit for Cellular and Molecular Immunology (CMIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Versées
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH) and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paul A Michels
- Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, The King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm D Walkinshaw
- Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, The King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Magez
- Research Unit for Cellular and Molecular Immunology (CMIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Ghent University Global Campus, Songdomunhwa-Ro 119, Yeonsu-Gu, 406-840 Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yann G-J Sterckx
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry (LMB) and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Rauber C, Awad M, Koschny R, Sauer P, Mehrabi A, Gath P, Weiss KH, Gotthardt DN, Rupp C. Biliary calprotectin, lactoferrin and dimeric pyruvate kinase after liver transplantation are associated with biliary damage and graft survival in a case-control study. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:38-48. [PMID: 31201006 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After liver transplantation (LT), biliary complications are associated with reduced graft survival. We tested inflammation markers for their association with biliary damage and graft loss in bile. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study design was a retrospective case-control study. Calprotectin, lactoferrin and pyruvate kinase were measured in endoscopically retrieved bile with ELISA. RESULTS Calprotectin and lactoferrin were significantly higher in bile of ischemic-type biliary lesions and donor duct non-anastomotic strictures than in control, bile leakage, Cytomegalovirus infection, anastomotic stricture or acute cellular rejection patients (p<0.001) independent of serum liver values at endoscopy. Calprotectin (p=0.02) was independently associated with retransplantation free survival in multivariate analysis, as was γGT (p=0.03) but not ERC radiographic classification of the bile duct or cold ischemia time. CONCLUSION Calprotectin and lactoferrin are bile markers for biliary damage and are associated with re-transplantation free survival. They can differentiate progressive biliary damage from non-biliary liver value alterations after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Rauber
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Miriam Awad
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronald Koschny
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Sauer
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip Gath
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Ludwigshafen, 67063 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Weiss
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Nils Gotthardt
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Rupp
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Cui J, Maloney MI, Olson DG, Lynd LR. Conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate in Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum. Metab Eng Commun 2020; 10:e00122. [PMID: 32025490 PMCID: PMC6997586 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum is an anaerobic thermophile that can ferment hemicellulose to produce biofuels, such as ethanol. It has been engineered to produce ethanol at high yield and titer. T. saccharolyticum uses the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway for glycolysis. However, the genes and enzymes used in each step of the EMP pathway in T. saccharolyticum are not completely known. In T. saccharolyticum, both pyruvate kinase (PYK) and pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) are highly expressed based on transcriptomic and proteomic data. Both enzymes catalyze the formation of pyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). PYK is typically the last step of EMP glycolysis pathway while PPDK is reversible and is found mostly in C4 plants and some microorganisms. It is not clear what role PYK and PPDK play in T. saccharolyticum metabolism and fermentation pathways and whether both are necessary. In this study we deleted the ppdk gene in wild type and homoethanologen strains of T. saccharolyticum and showed that it is not essential for growth or ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Cui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Marybeth I Maloney
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Daniel G Olson
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Lee R Lynd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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Baldissera MD, Souza CF, Velho MC, Bassotto VA, Ourique AF, Da Silva AS, Baldisserotto B. Nanospheres as a technological alternative to suppress hepatic cellular damage and impaired bioenergetics caused by nerolidol in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:751-9. [PMID: 31953674 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nerolidol is a sesquiterpene found in essential oils of several plant species. It is found commonly in human and animal diets and is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a flavoring agent. Nevertheless, recent studies have suggested that nerolidol has potent hepatotoxic effects. Because use of plant-based products in human and animal food has expanded considerably, it is essential to develop approaches such as nanotechnology to avoid or reduce hepatic toxic effects. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine whether nerolidol dietary supplementation elicited hepatic damage associated with impairment of energy homeostasis, as well as whether supplementation with nerolidol-loaded in nanospheres prevented hepatotoxic effects in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Nile tilapia were divided into five groups (A-E, n = 10 per group) with four replicates each, as follows: group A received basal feed (without supplementation); group B received feed containing 0.5 mL free nerolidol/kg; group C received feed containing 1.0 mL free nerolidol/kg; group D received feed containing 0.5 mL nanospheres nerolidol/kg; and group E received feed containing 1.0 mL nanospheres nerolidol/kg. All groups received experimental feed once a day (10% total biomass) at 2 p.m. for 60 consecutive days. Hepatic liver weight and relative liver weight were significantly lower in fish fed 1.0 mL free nerolidol/kg feed than in fish given basal diet (control group). Hepatic pyruvate kinase (1.0 mL free nerolidol/kg) and adenylate kinase (0.5 and 1.0 mL free nerolidol/kg) activities were significantly lower than in the control group, while hepatic reactive oxygen species and lipid damage levels were significantly higher. Finally, the comet assay revealed significant increases in the frequency of damage and the damage index in fish given 0.5 and 1.0 mL free nerolidol/kg in a dose-dependent manner. Nerolidol-loaded in nanospheres prevented all alterations elicited by free nerolidol. Based on these data, we concluded that dietary supplementation with free nerolidol elicited severe impairment of hepatic bioenergetics homeostasis that appeared to be mediated by excessive ROS production and lipid damage, contributing to a genotoxic effect. Dietary supplementation with nerolidol-loaded in nanospheres did not elicit hepatic damage, and therefore, should be considered as a replacement so as to limit toxicity, permitting its continued use as a dietary supplement.
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Yu L, Teoh ST, Ensink E, Ogrodzinski MP, Yang C, Vazquez AI, Lunt SY. Cysteine catabolism and the serine biosynthesis pathway support pyruvate production during pyruvate kinase knockdown in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Metab 2019; 7:13. [PMID: 31893043 PMCID: PMC6937848 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-019-0205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with limited treatment options. Pyruvate kinase, especially the M2 isoform (PKM2), is highly expressed in PDAC cells, but its role in pancreatic cancer remains controversial. To investigate the role of pyruvate kinase in pancreatic cancer, we knocked down PKM2 individually as well as both PKM1 and PKM2 concurrently (PKM1/2) in cell lines derived from a KrasG12D/-; p53-/- pancreatic mouse model. Methods We used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine metabolic profiles of wildtype and PKM1/2 knockdown PDAC cells. We further used stable isotope-labeled metabolic precursors and LC-MS/MS to determine metabolic pathways upregulated in PKM1/2 knockdown cells. We then targeted metabolic pathways upregulated in PKM1/2 knockdown cells using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. Results PDAC cells are able to proliferate and continue to produce pyruvate despite PKM1/2 knockdown. The serine biosynthesis pathway partially contributed to pyruvate production during PKM1/2 knockdown: knockout of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in this pathway decreased pyruvate production from glucose. In addition, cysteine catabolism generated ~ 20% of intracellular pyruvate in PDAC cells. Other potential sources of pyruvate include the sialic acid pathway and catabolism of glutamine, serine, tryptophan, and threonine. However, these sources did not provide significant levels of pyruvate in PKM1/2 knockdown cells. Conclusion PKM1/2 knockdown does not impact the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. The serine biosynthesis pathway supports conversion of glucose to pyruvate during pyruvate kinase knockdown. However, direct conversion of serine to pyruvate was not observed during PKM1/2 knockdown. Investigating several alternative sources of pyruvate identified cysteine catabolism for pyruvate production during PKM1/2 knockdown. Surprisingly, we find that a large percentage of intracellular pyruvate comes from cysteine. Our results highlight the ability of PDAC cells to adaptively rewire their metabolic pathways during knockdown of a key metabolic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Shao Thing Teoh
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Elliot Ensink
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Martin P Ogrodzinski
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.,2Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Che Yang
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Ana I Vazquez
- 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.,4The Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Sophia Y Lunt
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.,5Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
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Fan JJ, Tang XH, Bai JJ, Ma DM, Jiang P. Pyruvate kinase genes in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella: molecular characterization, expression patterns, and effects of dietary carbohydrate levels. Fish Physiol Biochem 2019; 45:1919-1931. [PMID: 31407136 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To explore features of carbohydrate metabolism and evolution of carbohydrate metabolism-associated genes in herbivorous fishes, the open reading frames (ORF) of PKL, PKMa, and PKMb genes of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were obtained, encoding 538, 528, and 532 amino acids, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis showed that adjacent PK genes were highly conserved between fish and mammals. Gene expression profiles were quite different between the three PK genes in tissues and at developmental stages. PKL, PKMa, and PKMb had the highest expression levels in the liver, heart, and muscle, respectively. During embryogenesis, high expression levels of PKMa and PKMb were detected in unfertilized and fertilized eggs. Following a non-expression period, PKMa and PKMb exhibited high expressions again after the hatching stage. In contrast, PKL transcripts could not be detected in early developmental stages, and expression levels continued to increase from the hatching stage to 144 h post hatching. After the 8-week feeding trial with 18%, 30%, and 42% dietary carbohydrate levels, the concentrations of glucose and insulin in serum, pyruvate kinase enzymes, and gene expression levels in brain, muscle, and liver tissues all increased with the increase in carbohydrate levels in the diets. Furthermore, high carbohydrate levels (30% and 42% carbohydrate diets) had a greater effect on grass carp growth. This indicated that PKL, PKMa, and PKMb genes were not only very important in catalytic enzymes, which can be up-regulated by high carbohydrate dietary conditions, but also exhibited a complex and detailed division of labor in different tissues and developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dong-Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 1, Xingyu Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
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Kumari P, Idrees D, Rath PP, Vijayan R, Gourinath S. Biochemical and biophysical characterization of the smallest pyruvate kinase from Entamoeba histolytica. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2020; 1868:140296. [PMID: 31676451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica infection is highly prevalent in developing countries across the globe. The ATP synthesis in this pathogen is solely dependent on the glycolysis pathway where pyruvate kinase (Pyk) catalyzes the final reaction. Here, we have cloned, overexpressed and purified the pyruvate kinase (EhPyk) from E. histolytica. EhPyk is the shortest currently known Pyk till date as it contains only two of the three characterized domains when compared to the other homologues and our phylogenetic analysis places it on a distinct branch from the known type I/II Pyks. Our purification results suggested that it exists as a homodimer in solution. The kinetic characterization showed that EhPyk has maximum activity at pH 7.5 where it exhibited Michaelis-Menten's kinetics for phosphoenolpyruvate with a Km of 0.23 mM, and it lost its activity at both the acidic pH 4.0 and basic pH 10.0. We also determined the key secondary structural elements of EhPyk at different pH values. MD simulation of EhPyk structure at different pH values suggested that it is most stable at pH 7.0, while least stable at pH 10.0 followed by pH 4.0. Together, our computational simulations correlate well with the experimental studies. In summary, this study expands the current understanding of the EhPyk identified earlier in the amoebic genome and provides the first characterization of this bacterially expressed protein.
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Zhang L, Bailleul J, Yazal T, Dong K, Sung D, Dao A, Gosa L, Nathanson D, Bhat K, Duhachek-Muggy S, Alli C, Dratver MB, Pajonk F, Vlashi E. PK-M2-mediated metabolic changes in breast cancer cells induced by ionizing radiation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 178:75-86. [PMID: 31372790 PMCID: PMC6790295 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy (RT) constitutes an important part of breast cancer treatment. However, triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) exhibit remarkable resistance to most therapies, including RT. Developing new ways to radiosensitize TNBC cells could result in improved patient outcomes. The M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PK-M2) is believed to be responsible for the re-wiring of cancer cell metabolism after oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on PK-M2-mediated metabolic changes in TNBC cells, and their survival. In addition, we determine the effect of PK-M2 activators on breast cancer stem cells, a radioresistant subpopulation of breast cancer stem cells. METHODS Glucose uptake, lactate production, and glutamine consumption were assessed. The cellular localization of PK-M2 was evaluated by western blot and confocal microscopy. The small molecule activator of PK-M2, TEPP46, was used to promote its pyruvate kinase function. Finally, effects on cancer stem cell were evaluated via sphere forming capacity. RESULTS Exposure of TNBC cells to IR increased their glucose uptake and lactate production. As expected, PK-M2 expression levels also increased, especially in the nucleus, although overall pyruvate kinase activity was decreased. PK-M2 nuclear localization was shown to be associated with breast cancer stem cells, and activation of PK-M2 by TEPP46 depleted this population. CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy can induce metabolic changes in TNBC cells, and these changes seem to be mediated, at least in part by PK-M2. Importantly, our results show that activators of PK-M2 can deplete breast cancer stem cells in vitro. This study supports the idea of combining PK-M2 activators with radiation to enhance the effect of radiotherapy in resistant cancers, such as TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Justine Bailleul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Taha Yazal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Kevin Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - David Sung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Amy Dao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Laura Gosa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kruttika Bhat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Sara Duhachek-Muggy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Claudia Alli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Milana Bochkur Dratver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erina Vlashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Baldissera MD, Souza CF, Dias JB, Da Silva TO, Tavares GC, Valladão GMR, da Silva AS, Verdi CM, Santos RCV, Vencato M, da Veiga ML, da Rocha MIUM, Cunha MA, Baldisserotto B. Branchial bioenergetics dysfunction as a relevant pathophysiological mechanism in freshwater silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) experimentally infected with Flavobacterium columnare. Microb Pathog 2020; 138:103817. [PMID: 31672529 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare, the causative agent of columnaris disease, is a serious bacterial disease responsible for causing devastating mortality rates in several species of freshwater fish, leading to severe economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Notwithstanding the enormous impacts this disease can have, very little is known regarding the interaction between the host and bacterium in terms of the mortality rate of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen), as well its linkage to gill energetic homeostasis. Therefore, we conducted independent experiments to evaluate the mortality rates caused by F. columnare in silver catfish, as well as whether columnaris disease impairs the enzymes of the phosphoryl transfer network in gills of silver catfish and the pathways involved in this inhibition. Experiment I revealed that clinical signs started to appear 72 h post-infection (hpi), manifesting as lethargy, skin necrosis, fin erosion and gill discoloration. Silver catfish began to die at 96 hpi, and 100% mortality was observed at 120 hpi. Experiment II revealed that creatine kinase (CK, cytosolic and mitochondrial) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities were inhibited in silver catfish experimentally infected with F. columnare, while no significant difference was observed between experimental and control groups with respect to adenylate kinase activity. Activity of the branchial sodium-potassium pump (Na+, K+-ATPase) was inhibited while reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels were higher in silver catfish experimentally infected with F. columnare than in the control group at 72 hpi. Based on these data, the impairment of CK activity elicited by F. columnare caused a disruption in branchial energetic balance, possibly reducing ATP availability in the gills and provoking impairment of Na+, K +ATPase activity. The inhibition of CK and PK activities appears to be mediated by ROS overproduction and lipid peroxidation, both of which contribute to disease pathogenesis associated with branchial tissue.
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Salvadori Schafer A, D Baldissera M, Bagolin da Silva C, Sorraila de Oliveira J, Igor Magalhães de Matos AF, Lopes Dornelles G, Grando TH, Trevisan Gressler L, Stefanello S, Santi E, Pelegrine Minho A, Rodrigues D, F Souza C, L R Leal M, G Monteiro S, T A Lopes S, Melazzo de Andrade C. Copper oxide and closantel prevent alterations in hepatic energetic metabolism and reduce inflammation in Haemonchus contortus infection. Exp Parasitol 2019; 204:107726. [PMID: 31299264 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate if the use of copper oxide wire particles, isolated or in association with closantel, in lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus enhances the anthelmintic efficacy of closantel, as well as to evaluate the effects of treatment in hepatic energy metabolism, inflammatory markers and hematological and biochemical tests. The lambs were randomly divided into five groups (6 animals each), as follows: uninfected animals (Control); animals infected with H. contortus (HC); infected and treated with closantel (HC + CL); infected and treated with copper oxide wire particles (HC + Cu); and infected and treated with closantel plus copper oxide wire particles (HC + CL + Cu). The animals of infected groups were infected orally with H. contortus (5,000 L3 -larvae) and on day 14 post infection (p.i) the treatments were initiated. The egg per gram of feces (EPG), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), adenylate kinase (AK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities and hematological and biochemical tests were evaluated. Treatments with copper oxide (isolated and associated) were able to reduce the EPG count on days 28, 35, 42 and 49 p.i when compared to HC group, while closantel was able to reduce EPG only from day 35 p.i. Moreover, treatment with closantel (isolated or associated) was able to prevent the inhibition of hepatic AK and PK activities caused by H. contortus infection, which may contribute to efficient intracellular energetic communication in order to maintain the balance between cellular ATP consumption and production. Butyrylcholinesterase and MPO activities were higher in infected lambs compared to uninfected, while treated groups showed lower enzymatic activity compared to the group HC. The use of all therapeutic protocols was able to reduce the EPG count. Based on these evidences, the use of copper oxide plus closantel may be considered an alternative to treat lambs infected by H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Salvadori Schafer
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinárias, Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima nº1000, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cássia Bagolin da Silva
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinárias, Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima nº1000, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sorraila de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima nº1000, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Lopes Dornelles
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinárias, Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima nº1000, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Thirssa Helena Grando
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Lucas Trevisan Gressler
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Simone Stefanello
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabologia Animal, Departamento de Clínica de Grandes Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima nº1000, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Santi
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinárias, Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima nº1000, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Carine F Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Av. Roraima nº1000, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta L R Leal
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabologia Animal, Departamento de Clínica de Grandes Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima nº1000, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Silvia G Monteiro
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sonia T A Lopes
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinárias, Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima nº1000, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Melazzo de Andrade
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinárias, Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima nº1000, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Abstract
Pyruvate kinase (PK), as one of the key enzymes for glycolysis, can encode four different subtypes from two groups of genes, although the M2 subtype PKM2 is expressed mainly during embryonic development in normal humans, and is closely related to tissue repair and regeneration, with the deepening of research, the role of PKM2 in tumor tissue has received increasing attention. PKM2 can be aggregated into tetrameric and dimeric forms, PKM2 in the dimer state can enter the nuclear to regulate gene expression, the transformation between them can play an important role in tumor cell energy supply, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis and cell proliferation. We will use the switching effect of PKM2 in glucose metabolism as the entry point to expand and enrich the Warburg effect. In addition, PKM2 can also regulate each other with various proteins by phosphorylation, acetylation and other modifications, mediate the different intracellular localization of PKM2 and then exert specific biological functions. In this paper, we will illustrate each of these points.
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Li R, Liu H, Li S, Tan B, Dong X, Chi S, Yang Q, Zhang S, Chen L. Nutritional regulation of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase at the enzymatic and molecular levels in cobia Rachycentron canadum. Fish Physiol Biochem 2019; 45:1015-1028. [PMID: 30788696 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a carnivorous fish species, cobia (Rachycentron canadum) can utilize high levels of dietary carbohydrate (up to 360 g kg-1). By contrast, rainbow trout (also carnivorous) cannot, due to the absence of molecular induction of glycolytic enzyme and inhibition of gluconeogenic enzyme gene expressions such as pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). We hypothesized that this phenomenon is species-specific and will not be observed in cobia. Our results show that, at the molecular level, the mRNA abundance of the important glycolytic (PK) and gluconeogenic (PEPCK) enzymes in cobia liver are regulated by dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid (CHO:L) ratios and nutritional status (fed, unfed, and refed). Significantly upregulated hepatic PK and depressed PEPCK gene expressions were observed when the fish were fed with an increasing CHO/L-ratio diet or were refed. However, in contrast to gene expression, there was no significant effect of dietary CHO/L ratios on PK enzyme activity. The decrease in PEPCK activity was significantly found between low CHO/L ratio and high CHO/L ratio diets, whereas the moderate CHO/L ratio group showed intermediate values. But PEPCK activity appeared to be independent of nutritional status. These results suggest that nutritional regulation is obvious, at least at the molecular level, in the key hepatic enzymes (PK and PEPCK) of the glucose metabolism pathway, in response to different dietary CHO/L ratios and to the transition from being starved to fed. Determining whether other key enzymes involved in hepatic glucose metabolism contribute to glucose tolerance in cobia is necessary for further investigation of this phenomenon at the enzymatic and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shuyun Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Life Science College, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Ueda S, Sakasegawa SI. Pyruvate kinase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus displays an unusual preference for Mn 2+ in a cycling reaction. Anal Biochem 2019; 570:27-31. [PMID: 30738758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we developed a kinase cycling method using creatine kinase and pyruvate kinase (RMPK) both from rabbit muscle in the presence of an excess amount of ATP and IDP for the quantitative determination of substrate. To our surprise, the RMPK cycling reaction was 10-fold more efficient using Mn2+ rather than Mg2+. Here, we investigated PK from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (GSPK) as an alternative source of enzyme. Spectrophotometric real-time detection was accomplished by coupling the reaction to ADP-dependent glucokinase (ADP-GK) together with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). The rate of increase in absorbance of NADH at 340 nm was monitored. GSPK displayed an even greater preference than RMPK for Mn2+ over Mg2+ in the cycling reaction with ATP and GDP or ATP and IDP. The much lower Km values for the substrate in the presence of Mn2+ rather than Mg2+ are consistent with the results of the cycling reaction observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Ueda
- R&D Group, Diagnostics Dept., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni-shi, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Sakasegawa
- R&D Group, Diagnostics Dept., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni-shi, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan
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Snášel J, Pichová I. Allosteric regulation of pyruvate kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis by metabolites. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2018; 1867:125-139. [PMID: 30419357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes both acute tuberculosis and latent, symptom-free infection that affects roughly one-third of the world's population. It is a globally important pathogen that poses multiple dangers. Mtb reprograms its metabolism in response to the host niche, and this adaptation contributes to its pathogenicity. Knowledge of the metabolic regulation mechanisms in Mtb is still limited. Pyruvate kinase, involved in the late stage of glycolysis, helps link various metabolic routes together. Here, we demonstrate that Mtb pyruvate kinase (Mtb PYK) predominantly catalyzes the reaction leading to the production of pyruvate, but its activity is influenced by multiple metabolites from closely interlinked pathways that act as allosteric regulators (activators and inhibitors). We identified allosteric activators and inhibitors of Mtb PYK originating from glycolysis, citrate cycle, nucleotide/nucleoside inter-conversion related pathways that had not been described so far. Enzyme was found to be activated by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, ribose-5-phosphate, adenine, adenosine, hypoxanthine, inosine, L-2-phosphoglycerate, l-aspartate, glycerol-2-phosphate, glycerol-3-phosphate. On the other hand thiamine pyrophosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and L-malate were identified as inhibitors of Mtb PYK. The detailed kinetic analysis indicated a morpheein model of Mtb PYK allosteric control which is strictly dependent on Mg2+ and substantially increased by the co-presence of Mg2+ and K+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Snášel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Pichová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic.
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Hillis AL, Lau AN, Devoe CX, Dayton TL, Danai LV, Di Vizio D, Vander Heiden MG. PKM2 is not required for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Metab 2018; 6:17. [PMID: 30386596 PMCID: PMC6198443 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-018-0188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While most cancer cells preferentially express the M2 isoform of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PKM2), PKM2 is dispensable for tumor development in several mouse cancer models. PKM2 is expressed in human pancreatic cancer, and there have been conflicting reports on the association of PKM2 expression and pancreatic cancer patient survival, but whether PKM2 is required for pancreatic cancer progression is unknown. To investigate the role of PKM2 in pancreatic cancer, we used a conditional allele to delete PKM2 in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). RESULTS PDAC tumors were initiated in LSL-Kras G12D/+ ;Trp53 flox/flox ;Pdx-1-Cre (KP-/-C) mice harboring a conditional Pkm2 allele. Immunohistochemical analysis showed PKM2 expression in wild-type tumors and loss of PKM2 expression in tumors from Pkm2 conditional mice. PKM2 deletion had no effect on overall survival or tumor size. Loss of PKM2 resulted in pyruvate kinase M1 (PKM1) expression, but did not affect the number of proliferating cells. These findings are consistent with results in other cancer models. CONCLUSIONS PKM2 is not required for initiation or growth of PDAC tumors arising in the KP-/-C pancreatic cancer model. These findings suggest that, in this mouse PDAC model, PKM2 expression is not required for pancreatic tumor formation or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissandra L Hillis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Allison N Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Camille X Devoe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Talya L Dayton
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Laura V Danai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Departments of Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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