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Lien EC, Vu N, Westermark AM, Danai LV, Lau AN, Gültekin Y, Kukurugya MA, Bennett BD, Vander Heiden MG. Effects of aging on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.17.572088. [PMID: 38187759 PMCID: PMC10769226 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.17.572088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by multiple molecular changes that contribute to aging-associated pathologies, such as accumulation of cellular damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Tissue metabolism can also change with age, in part because mitochondria are central to cellular metabolism. Moreover, the co-factor NAD+, which is reported to decline across multiple tissue types during aging, plays a central role in metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the oxidative synthesis of nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids. To further characterize how tissue metabolism changes with age, we intravenously infused [U-13C]-glucose into young and old C57BL/6J, WSB/EiJ, and Diversity Outbred mice to trace glucose fate into downstream metabolites within plasma, liver, gastrocnemius muscle, and brain tissues. We found that glucose incorporation into central carbon and amino acid metabolism was robust during healthy aging across these different strains of mice. We also observed that levels of NAD+, NADH, and the NAD+/NADH ratio were unchanged in these tissues with healthy aging. However, aging tissues, particularly brain, exhibited evidence of up-regulated fatty acid and sphingolipid metabolism reactions that regenerate NAD+ from NADH. Because mitochondrial respiration, a major source of NAD+ regeneration, is reported to decline with age, our data supports a model where NAD+-generating lipid metabolism reactions may buffer against changes in NAD+/NADH during healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C. Lien
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ngoc Vu
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anna M. Westermark
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Laura V. Danai
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Allison N. Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yetiş Gültekin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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2
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Datta R, Sivanand S, Lau AN, Florek LV, Barbeau AM, Wyckoff J, Skala MC, Vander Heiden MG. Interactions with stromal cells promote a more oxidized cancer cell redox state in pancreatic tumors. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabg6383. [PMID: 35061540 PMCID: PMC8782446 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Access to electron acceptors supports oxidized biomass synthesis and can be limiting for cancer cell proliferation, but how cancer cells overcome this limitation in tumors is incompletely understood. Nontransformed cells in tumors can help cancer cells overcome metabolic limitations, particularly in pancreatic cancer, where pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) promote cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. However, whether PSCs affect the redox state of cancer cells is not known. By taking advantage of the endogenous fluorescence properties of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactors we use optical imaging to assess the redox state of pancreatic cancer cells and PSCs and find that direct interactions between PSCs and cancer cells promote a more oxidized state in cancer cells. This suggests that metabolic interaction between cancer cells and PSCs is a mechanism to overcome the redox limitations of cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupsa Datta
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Sharanya Sivanand
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Allison N. Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Anna M. Barbeau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wyckoff
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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3
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Lien EC, Westermark AM, Zhang Y, Yuan C, Li Z, Lau AN, Sapp KM, Wolpin BM, Vander Heiden MG. Low glycaemic diets alter lipid metabolism to influence tumour growth. Nature 2021; 599:302-307. [PMID: 34671163 PMCID: PMC8628459 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dietary interventions can change metabolite levels in the tumour microenvironment, which might then affect cancer cell metabolism to alter tumour growth1-5. Although caloric restriction (CR) and a ketogenic diet (KD) are often thought to limit tumour progression by lowering blood glucose and insulin levels6-8, we found that only CR inhibits the growth of select tumour allografts in mice, suggesting that other mechanisms contribute to tumour growth inhibition. A change in nutrient availability observed with CR, but not with KD, is lower lipid levels in the plasma and tumours. Upregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which synthesises monounsaturated fatty acids, is required for cancer cells to proliferate in a lipid-depleted environment, and CR also impairs tumour SCD activity to cause an imbalance between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids to slow tumour growth. Enforcing cancer cell SCD expression or raising circulating lipid levels through a higher-fat CR diet confers resistance to the effects of CR. By contrast, although KD also impairs tumour SCD activity, KD-driven increases in lipid availability maintain the unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratios in tumours, and changing the KD fat composition to increase tumour saturated fatty acid levels cooperates with decreased tumour SCD activity to slow tumour growth. These data suggest that diet-induced mismatches between tumour fatty acid desaturation activity and the availability of specific fatty acid species determine whether low glycaemic diets impair tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Lien
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Westermark
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chen Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhaoqi Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Allison N Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kiera M Sapp
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Tian C, Huang Y, Clauser KR, Rickelt S, Lau AN, Carr SA, Vander Heiden MG, Hynes RO. Suppression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth and metastasis by fibrillar collagens produced selectively by tumor cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2328. [PMID: 33879793 PMCID: PMC8058088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a collagen-rich dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that promotes malignancy of cancer cells and presents a barrier for drug delivery. Data analysis of our published mass spectrometry (MS)-based studies on enriched ECM from samples of progressive PDAC stages reveal that the C-terminal prodomains of fibrillar collagens are partially uncleaved in PDAC ECM, suggesting reduced procollagen C-proteinase activity. We further show that the enzyme responsible for procollagen C-proteinase activity, bone morphogenetic protein1 (BMP1), selectively suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in cells expressing high levels of COL1A1. Although BMP1, as a secreted proteinase, promotes fibrillar collagen deposition from both cancer cells and stromal cells, only cancer-cell-derived procollagen cleavage and deposition suppresses tumor malignancy. These studies reveal a role for cancer-cell-derived fibrillar collagen in selectively restraining tumor growth and suggest stratification of patients based on their tumor epithelial collagen I expression when considering treatments related to perturbation of fibrillar collagens.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/secondary
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Collagen Type I/chemistry
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain
- Disease Progression
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Fibrillar Collagens/chemistry
- Fibrillar Collagens/genetics
- Fibrillar Collagens/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Mutagenesis
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Procollagen/chemistry
- Procollagen/genetics
- Procollagen/metabolism
- Protein Domains
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Tian
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Steffen Rickelt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Allison N Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard O Hynes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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5
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Francescone R, Barbosa Vendramini-Costa D, Franco-Barraza J, Wagner J, Muir A, Lau AN, Gabitova L, Pazina T, Gupta S, Luong T, Rollins D, Malik R, Thapa RJ, Restifo D, Zhou Y, Cai KQ, Hensley HH, Tan Y, Kruger WD, Devarajan K, Balachandran S, Klein-Szanto AJ, Wang H, El-Deiry WS, Vander Heiden MG, Peri S, Campbell KS, Astsaturov I, Cukierman E. Netrin G1 Promotes Pancreatic Tumorigenesis through Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Driven Nutritional Support and Immunosuppression. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:446-479. [PMID: 33127842 PMCID: PMC7858242 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor 5-year survival rate and lacks effective therapeutics. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to identify new targets. Using multiplex data from patient tissue, three-dimensional coculturing in vitro assays, and orthotopic murine models, we identified Netrin G1 (NetG1) as a promoter of PDAC tumorigenesis. We found that NetG1+ cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) support PDAC survival, through a NetG1-mediated effect on glutamate/glutamine metabolism. Also, NetG1+ CAFs are intrinsically immunosuppressive and inhibit natural killer cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. These protumor functions are controlled by a signaling circuit downstream of NetG1, which is comprised of AKT/4E-BP1, p38/FRA1, vesicular glutamate transporter 1, and glutamine synthetase. Finally, blocking NetG1 with a neutralizing antibody stunts in vivo tumorigenesis, suggesting NetG1 as potential target in PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates the feasibility of targeting a fibroblastic protein, NetG1, which can limit PDAC tumorigenesis in vivo by reverting the protumorigenic properties of CAFs. Moreover, inhibition of metabolic proteins in CAFs altered their immunosuppressive capacity, linking metabolism with immunomodulatory function.See related commentary by Sherman, p. 230.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Francescone
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Débora Barbosa Vendramini-Costa
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Janusz Franco-Barraza
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Muir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Allison N Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Linara Gabitova
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tatiana Pazina
- Blood Cell and Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sapna Gupta
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiffany Luong
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dustin Rollins
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roshan J Thapa
- Blood Cell and Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Diana Restifo
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Zhou
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Histopathology Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harvey H Hensley
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yinfei Tan
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Genomics Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Warren D Kruger
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karthik Devarajan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell and Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andres J Klein-Szanto
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Histopathology Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Huamin Wang
- Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suraj Peri
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kerry S Campbell
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Blood Cell and Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Igor Astsaturov
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Biology Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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6
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Lau AN, Li Z, Danai LV, Westermark AM, Darnell AM, Ferreira R, Gocheva V, Sivanand S, Lien EC, Sapp KM, Mayers JR, Biffi G, Chin CR, Davidson SM, Tuveson DA, Jacks T, Matheson NJ, Yilmaz O, Vander Heiden MG. Dissecting cell-type-specific metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. eLife 2020; 9:56782. [PMID: 32648540 PMCID: PMC7406355 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are composed of many different cell types including cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Dissecting functional metabolic differences between cell types within a mixed population can be challenging due to the rapid turnover of metabolites relative to the time needed to isolate cells. To overcome this challenge, we traced isotope-labeled nutrients into macromolecules that turn over more slowly than metabolites. This approach was used to assess differences between cancer cell and fibroblast metabolism in murine pancreatic cancer organoid-fibroblast co-cultures and tumors. Pancreatic cancer cells exhibited increased pyruvate carboxylation relative to fibroblasts, and this flux depended on both pyruvate carboxylase and malic enzyme 1 activity. Consequently, expression of both enzymes in cancer cells was necessary for organoid and tumor growth, demonstrating that dissecting the metabolism of specific cell populations within heterogeneous systems can identify dependencies that may not be evident from studying isolated cells in culture or bulk tissue. Tumors contain a mixture of many different types of cells, including cancer cells and non-cancer cells. The interactions between these two groups of cells affect how the cancer cells use nutrients, which, in turn, affects how fast these cells grow and divide. Furthermore, different cell types may use nutrients in diverse ways to make other molecules – known as metabolites – that the cell needs to survive. Fibroblasts are a subset of non-cancer cells that are typically found in tumors and can help them form. Separating fibroblasts from cancer cells in a tumor takes a lot longer than the chemical reactions in each cell of the tumor that produce and use up nutrients, also known as the cell’s metabolism. Therefore, measuring the levels of glucose (the sugar that is the main energy source for cells) and other metabolites in each tumor cell after separating them does not necessarily provide accurate information about the tumor cell’s metabolism. This makes it difficult to study how cancer cells and fibroblasts use nutrients differently. Lau et al. have developed a strategy to study the metabolism of cancer cells and fibroblasts in tumors. Mice with tumors in their pancreas were provided glucose that had been labelled using biochemical techniques. As expected, when the cell processed the glucose, the label was transferred into metabolites that got used up very quickly. But the label also became incorporated into larger, more stable molecules, such as proteins. Unlike the small metabolites, these larger molecules do not change in the time it takes to separate the cancer cells from the fibroblasts. Lau et al. sorted cells from whole pancreatic tumors and analyzed large, stable molecules that can incorporate the label from glucose in cancer cells and fibroblasts. The experiments showed that, in cancer cells, these molecules were more likely to have labeling patterns that are characteristic of two specific enzymes called pyruvate carboxylase and malic enzyme 1. This suggests that these enzymes are more active in cancer cells. Lau et al. also found that pancreatic cancer cells needed these two enzymes to metabolize glucose and to grow into large tumors. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers and current therapies offer limited benefit to many patients. Therefore, it is important to develop new drugs to treat this disease. Understanding how cancer cells and non-cancer cells in pancreatic tumors use nutrients differently is important for developing drugs that only target cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Zhaoqi Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Laura V Danai
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, United States
| | - Anna M Westermark
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Alicia M Darnell
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Raphael Ferreira
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vasilena Gocheva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Sharanya Sivanand
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Evan C Lien
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Kiera M Sapp
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jared R Mayers
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Giulia Biffi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States.,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States.,Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher R Chin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States.,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Omer Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
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7
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Abstract
Experiments in culture systems where one cell type is provided with abundant nutrients and oxygen have been used to inform much of our understanding of cancer metabolism. However, many differences have been observed between the metabolism of tumors and the metabolism of cancer cells grown in monoculture. These differences reflect, at least in part, the presence of nonmalignant cells in the tumor microenvironment and the interactions between those cells and cancer cells. However, less is known about how the metabolism of various tumor stromal cell types differs from that of cancer cells, and how this difference might inform therapeutic targeting of metabolic pathways. Emerging data have identified both cooperative and competitive relationships between different cell types in a tumor, and this review examines how four abundant stromal cell types in the tumor microenvironment, fibroblasts, T cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells, contribute to the metabolism of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N. Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;,
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;,
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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8
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Dalin S, Sullivan MR, Lau AN, Grauman-Boss B, Mueller HS, Kreidl E, Fenoglio S, Luengo A, Lees JA, Vander Heiden MG, Lauffenburger DA, Hemann MT. Deoxycytidine Release from Pancreatic Stellate Cells Promotes Gemcitabine Resistance. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5723-5733. [PMID: 31484670 PMCID: PMC7357734 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. The deoxynucleoside analogue gemcitabine is among the most effective therapies to treat PDAC, however, nearly all patients treated with gemcitabine either fail to respond or rapidly develop resistance. One hallmark of PDAC is a striking accumulation of stromal tissue surrounding the tumor, and this accumulation of stroma can contribute to therapy resistance. To better understand how stroma limits response to therapy, we investigated cell-extrinsic mechanisms of resistance to gemcitabine. Conditioned media from pancreatic stellate cells (PSC), as well as from other fibroblasts, protected PDAC cells from gemcitabine toxicity. The protective effect of PSC-conditioned media was mediated by secretion of deoxycytidine, but not other deoxynucleosides, through equilibrative nucleoside transporters. Deoxycytidine inhibited the processing of gemcitabine in PDAC cells, thus reducing the effect of gemcitabine and other nucleoside analogues on cancer cells. These results suggest that reducing deoxycytidine production in PSCs may increase the efficacy of nucleoside analog therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides important new insight into mechanisms that contribute to gemcitabine resistance in PDAC and suggests new avenues for improving gemcitabine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dalin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark R Sullivan
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Allison N Lau
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Beatrice Grauman-Boss
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Helen S Mueller
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Emanuel Kreidl
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Silvia Fenoglio
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alba Luengo
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jacqueline A Lees
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael T Hemann
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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9
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Mattaini KR, Sullivan MR, Lau AN, Fiske BP, Bronson RT, Vander Heiden MG. Increased PHGDH expression promotes aberrant melanin accumulation. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:723. [PMID: 31331318 PMCID: PMC6647269 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number gain of the D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) gene, which encodes the first enzyme in serine biosynthesis, is found in some human cancers including a subset of melanomas. METHODS In order to study the effect of increased PHGDH expression in tissues in vivo, we generated mice harboring a PHGDHtetO allele that allows tissue-specific, doxycycline-inducible PHGDH expression, and we analyzed the phenotype of mice with a ubiquitous increase in PHGDH expression. RESULTS Tissues and cells derived from PHGDHtetO mice exhibit increased serine biosynthesis. Histological examination of skin tissue from PHGDHtetO mice reveals the presence of melanin granules in early anagen hair follicles, despite the fact that melanin synthesis is closely coupled to the hair follicle cycle and does not normally begin until later in the cycle. This phenotype occurs in the absence of any global change in hair follicle cycle timing. The aberrant presence of melanin early in the hair follicle cycle following PHGDH expression is also accompanied by increased melanocyte abundance in early anagen skin. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest increased PHGDH expression impacts normal melanocyte biology, but PHGDH expression alone is not sufficient to cause cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Mattaini
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mark R Sullivan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Allison N Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Brian P Fiske
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology Core, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Cambridge, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA. .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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10
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11
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Alkan HF, Walter KE, Luengo A, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Stryeck S, Lau AN, Al-Zoughbi W, Lewis CA, Thomas CJ, Hoefler G, Graier WF, Madl T, Vander Heiden MG, Bogner-Strauss JG. Cytosolic Aspartate Availability Determines Cell Survival When Glutamine Is Limiting. Cell Metab 2018; 28:706-720.e6. [PMID: 30122555 PMCID: PMC6390946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is important for aspartate biosynthesis in proliferating cells. Here, we show that mitochondrial aspartate export via the aspartate-glutamate carrier 1 (AGC1) supports cell proliferation and cellular redox homeostasis. Insufficient cytosolic aspartate delivery leads to cell death when TCA cycle carbon is reduced following glutamine withdrawal and/or glutaminase inhibition. Moreover, loss of AGC1 reduces allograft tumor growth that is further compromised by treatment with the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839. Together, these findings argue that mitochondrial aspartate export sustains cell survival in low-glutamine environments and AGC1 inhibition can synergize with glutaminase inhibition to limit tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Furkan Alkan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria; The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katharina E Walter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alba Luengo
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Corina T Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Stryeck
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Allison N Lau
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wael Al-Zoughbi
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Juliane G Bogner-Strauss
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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12
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Hillis AL, Lau AN, Devoe CX, Dayton TL, Danai LV, Di Vizio D, Vander Heiden MG. PKM2 is not required for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Metab 2018; 6:17. [PMID: 30386596 PMCID: PMC6198443 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-018-0188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While most cancer cells preferentially express the M2 isoform of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PKM2), PKM2 is dispensable for tumor development in several mouse cancer models. PKM2 is expressed in human pancreatic cancer, and there have been conflicting reports on the association of PKM2 expression and pancreatic cancer patient survival, but whether PKM2 is required for pancreatic cancer progression is unknown. To investigate the role of PKM2 in pancreatic cancer, we used a conditional allele to delete PKM2 in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). RESULTS PDAC tumors were initiated in LSL-Kras G12D/+ ;Trp53 flox/flox ;Pdx-1-Cre (KP-/-C) mice harboring a conditional Pkm2 allele. Immunohistochemical analysis showed PKM2 expression in wild-type tumors and loss of PKM2 expression in tumors from Pkm2 conditional mice. PKM2 deletion had no effect on overall survival or tumor size. Loss of PKM2 resulted in pyruvate kinase M1 (PKM1) expression, but did not affect the number of proliferating cells. These findings are consistent with results in other cancer models. CONCLUSIONS PKM2 is not required for initiation or growth of PDAC tumors arising in the KP-/-C pancreatic cancer model. These findings suggest that, in this mouse PDAC model, PKM2 expression is not required for pancreatic tumor formation or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissandra L Hillis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Allison N Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Camille X Devoe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Talya L Dayton
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Laura V Danai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Departments of Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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13
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McKenney AS, Lau AN, Somasundara AVH, Spitzer B, Intlekofer AM, Ahn J, Shank K, Rapaport FT, Patel MA, Papalexi E, Shih AH, Chiu A, Freinkman E, Akbay EA, Steadman M, Nagaraja R, Yen K, Teruya-Feldstein J, Wong KK, Rampal R, Vander Heiden MG, Thompson CB, Levine RL. JAK2/IDH-mutant-driven myeloproliferative neoplasm is sensitive to combined targeted inhibition. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4743. [PMID: 30222137 DOI: 10.1172/jci124920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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Sullivan LB, Luengo A, Danai LV, Bush LN, Diehl FF, Hosios AM, Lau AN, Elmiligy S, Malstrom S, Lewis CA, Vander Heiden MG. Aspartate is an endogenous metabolic limitation for tumour growth. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:782-788. [PMID: 29941931 PMCID: PMC6051729 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Defining the metabolic limitations of tumour growth will help to develop cancer therapies1. Cancer cells proliferate slower in tumours than in standard culture conditions, indicating that a metabolic limitation may restrict cell proliferation in vivo. Aspartate synthesis can limit cancer cell proliferation when respiration is impaired2-4; however, whether acquiring aspartate is endogenously limiting for tumour growth is unknown. We confirm that aspartate has poor cell permeability, which prevents environmental acquisition, whereas the related amino acid asparagine is available to cells in tumours, but cancer cells lack asparaginase activity to convert asparagine to aspartate. Heterologous expression of guinea pig asparaginase 1 (gpASNase1), an enzyme that produces aspartate from asparagine5, confers the ability to use asparagine to supply intracellular aspartate to cancer cells in vivo. Tumours expressing gpASNase1 grow at a faster rate, indicating that aspartate acquisition is an endogenous metabolic limitation for the growth of some tumours. Tumours expressing gpASNase1 are also refractory to the growth suppressive effects of metformin, suggesting that metformin inhibits tumour growth by depleting aspartate. These findings suggest that therapeutic aspartate suppression could be effective to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Sullivan
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Alba Luengo
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura V Danai
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lauren N Bush
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Frances F Diehl
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron M Hosios
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Allison N Lau
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Elmiligy
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott Malstrom
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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McKenney AS, Lau AN, Somasundara AVH, Spitzer B, Intlekofer AM, Ahn J, Shank K, Rapaport FT, Patel MA, Papalexi E, Shih AH, Chiu A, Freinkman E, Akbay EA, Steadman M, Nagaraja R, Yen K, Teruya-Feldstein J, Wong KK, Rampal R, Vander Heiden MG, Thompson CB, Levine RL. JAK2/IDH-mutant-driven myeloproliferative neoplasm is sensitive to combined targeted inhibition. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:789-804. [PMID: 29355841 PMCID: PMC5785272 DOI: 10.1172/jci94516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) frequently progress to bone marrow failure or acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and mutations in epigenetic regulators such as the metabolic enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) are associated with poor outcomes. Here, we showed that combined expression of Jak2V617F and mutant IDH1R132H or Idh2R140Q induces MPN progression, alters stem/progenitor cell function, and impairs differentiation in mice. Jak2V617F Idh2R140Q-mutant MPNs were sensitive to small-molecule inhibition of IDH. Combined inhibition of JAK2 and IDH2 normalized the stem and progenitor cell compartments in the murine model and reduced disease burden to a greater extent than was seen with JAK inhibition alone. In addition, combined JAK2 and IDH2 inhibitor treatment also reversed aberrant gene expression in MPN stem cells and reversed the metabolite perturbations induced by concurrent JAK2 and IDH2 mutations. Combined JAK2 and IDH2 inhibitor therapy also showed cooperative efficacy in cells from MPN patients with both JAK2mut and IDH2mut mutations. Taken together, these data suggest that combined JAK and IDH inhibition may offer a therapeutic advantage in this high-risk MPN subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sophia McKenney
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York, USA.,Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Allison N Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Barbara Spitzer
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jihae Ahn
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Shank
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Efthymia Papalexi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alan H Shih
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, and
| | - April Chiu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Esra A Akbay
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mya Steadman
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raj Nagaraja
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katharine Yen
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Teruya-Feldstein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raajit Rampal
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Craig B Thompson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, and.,Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Hematologic Malignancies.,Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, and.,Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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16
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Lau AN, Israelsen WJ, Roper J, Sinnamon MJ, Georgeon L, Dayton TL, Hillis AL, Yilmaz OH, Di Vizio D, Hung KE, Vander Heiden MG. PKM2 is not required for colon cancer initiated by APC loss. Cancer Metab 2017; 5:10. [PMID: 29214019 PMCID: PMC5707917 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-017-0172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells express the M2 isoform of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PKM2). PKM2 expression is not required for some cancers, and PKM2 loss can promote cancer progression; however, PKM2 has been reported to be essential in other tumor contexts, including a proposed non-metabolic role in β-catenin nuclear translocation. PKM2 is expressed in colon cancers where loss of the Apc tumor suppressor results in β-catenin nuclear translocation and aberrant activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Whether PKM2 is required in this colon cancer context has not been investigated. RESULTS Colon tumorigenesis was induced in mice harboring conditional Apc and Pkm2 alleles, and tumor progression was monitored by serial colonoscopy. PKM2 deletion had no effect on overall survival, the number of mice that developed tumors, or the number of tumors that developed per animal. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated PKM2 expression in wild-type tumors and the expected loss of PKM2 expression in tumors from Pkm2 conditional mice. Loss of PKM2 resulted in pyruvate kinase M1 expression but had no effect on nuclear β-catenin staining. These findings are consistent with tumor growth and activated Wnt signaling despite PKM2 loss in this model. We also found a large fraction of human colon cancers had very low or undetectable levels of PKM2 expression. CONCLUSIONS PKM2 is not required for Apc-deficient colon cancer or for nuclear translocation of β-catenin in Apc-null tumor cells. These findings suggest that PKM2 expression is not required for colon tumor formation or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N. Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - William J. Israelsen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Mark J. Sinnamon
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111 USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Larissa Georgeon
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Talya L. Dayton
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Alissandra L. Hillis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Omer H. Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Departments of Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Kenneth E. Hung
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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17
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Kalani A, Bami H, Tiboni M, Jaeschke R, Adachi JD, Lau AN. The effect of bariatric surgery on serum 25-OH vitamin D levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Sci Pract 2017; 3:319-332. [PMID: 29071108 PMCID: PMC5598026 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Concerns have emerged about post‐operative decreases in calcium and vitamin D following bariatric surgery. This review explores changes in metabolic bone health in persons with obesity undergoing gastric bypass surgery compared to non‐surgical controls, providing an updated and comprehensive perspective on the literature. Methods An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases to 8 November 2016. Eligible trials included randomized controlled trials or controlled observational studies of patients who have undergone laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (RevMan 5.0), and a random effects model was implemented. Outcomes were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD). The primary outcome examined was change in 25‐OH‐D levels at 12 months post surgery, and secondary outcomes included change in bone mineral density (BMD) measurements at 12 months post surgery at the lumbar spine (LS) and total hip (TH). Results At 12 months, there was no significant difference in 25‐OH vitamin D in the surgical group compared to controls (WMD = 6.79%; 95% CI: −9.01, 22.59; p = 0.40; I2 = 68%). There was no statistically significant difference between fracture risk in the surgical population compared to controls (RR = 1.24; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.56; p = 0.06; I2 = 0%). A significant BMD reduction was however shown at the TH (WMD, −7.33%, 95% CI = −8.70 to −5.97, p < .001, I2 = 0%), and a trend towards decline was observed at the LS (WMD, −1.73%, 95% CI = −3.56 to 0.11, p = 0.06, I2 = 0%). Changes at 24 months for applicable outcomes were similar to the results at 12 months. Conclusions Bariatric surgery may compromise metabolic bone health, but the paucity of high‐quality literature limits conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kalani
- Department of Internal Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - H Bami
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University London ON Canada
| | - M Tiboni
- Department of Internal Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - R Jaeschke
- Department of Internal Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - J D Adachi
- Department of Internal Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - A N Lau
- Department of Internal Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
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18
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Mayers JR, Torrence ME, Danai LV, Papagiannakopoulos T, Davidson SM, Bauer MR, Lau AN, Ji BW, Dixit PD, Hosios AM, Muir A, Chin CR, Freinkman E, Jacks T, Wolpin BM, Vitkup D, Vander Heiden MG. Tissue of origin dictates branched-chain amino acid metabolism in mutant Kras-driven cancers. Science 2017; 353:1161-5. [PMID: 27609895 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf5171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor genetics guides patient selection for many new therapies, and cell culture studies have demonstrated that specific mutations can promote metabolic phenotypes. However, whether tissue context defines cancer dependence on specific metabolic pathways is unknown. Kras activation and Trp53 deletion in the pancreas or the lung result in pancreatic ductal adenocarinoma (PDAC) or non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), respectively, but despite the same initiating events, these tumors use branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) differently. NSCLC tumors incorporate free BCAAs into tissue protein and use BCAAs as a nitrogen source, whereas PDAC tumors have decreased BCAA uptake. These differences are reflected in expression levels of BCAA catabolic enzymes in both mice and humans. Loss of Bcat1 and Bcat2, the enzymes responsible for BCAA use, impairs NSCLC tumor formation, but these enzymes are not required for PDAC tumor formation, arguing that tissue of origin is an important determinant of how cancers satisfy their metabolic requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R Mayers
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Margaret E Torrence
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Laura V Danai
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thales Papagiannakopoulos
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew R Bauer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Allison N Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian W Ji
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Purushottam D Dixit
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Aaron M Hosios
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexander Muir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christopher R Chin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizaveta Freinkman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Broad Institute, Seven Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Dennis Vitkup
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Broad Institute, Seven Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Mayers JR, Torrence ME, Davidson SM, Papagiannakopoulos T, Lau AN, Jacks T, Heiden MGV. Abstract PR11: Tissue-of-origin dictates the metabolic fate of branched chain amino acids in mutant Kras-driven cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3125.metca15-pr11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Growth signaling is associated with changes in metabolism in cell culture, but the relatively homogenous nature of culture systems leaves open the question of how specific mutations might behave differently in different tissue contexts. Indeed, previous work has demonstrated that tumor metabolic gene expression most closely resembles the tissue of origin for that tumor1, and that the same oncogenic driver can cause different metabolic phenotypes in different tissues2. We recently found that pancreatic cancers (PDAC) are associated with increased plasma branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels resulting from increased whole body protein turnover, while a model of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) driven by the same genetic lesions displays the opposite changes in plasma BCAA levels3. Based on these data, we hypothesized that changes in plasma BCAAs might reflect a difference in the utilization of BCAA by tumors arising in each tissue.
Methods: C57B6/J male mice heterozygous for the lox-stop-lox (LSL)-KrasG12D allele and homozygous for the Trp53flox/flox allele were exposed to an inhaled viral Cre-recombinase or crossed to a pancreas-specific Pdx-1-cre to generate models of NSCLC and PDAC respectively. Cell lines previously derived from these mouse models were used for in vitro and allograft studies. To identify the metabolic fates of BCAAs in vitro, we performed tracing studies utilizing stable-isotope 13C-Leu or 15N-Leu in place of the abundant 12C or 14N isotopomer. Similarly, we used amino acid defined diets in which stable isotope BCAAs were included to trace amino acid fate in vivo.
Data: We first confirmed that plasma BCAA levels change in opposite directions early in disease in the isogenic mouse models of PDAC and NSCLC. Consistent with different metabolic fates of BCAAs, 13C stable isotope tracing in vivo revealed increased incorporation of BCAAs into tissue protein in NSCLC tumors, with decreased incorporation observed in PDAC tumors. NSCLC tumors also displayed increased generation ofα-ketoisocaproate, the transamination product of leucine, suggesting an additional role for BCAAs a nitrogen source in NSCLC. Further supporting this possibility, we found increased expression of branched-chain amino acid transferase 2 (Bcat2), but not other BCAA catabolic genes, in NSCLC tumors. To directly examine the fate of BCAA-derived nitrogen, we used 15N-BCAA tracing studies and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of BCAA catabolic genes. Tracing in vitro revealed increased transamination of 15N-Leu in NSCLC cells compared with PDAC cells. We also generated NSCLC and PDAC cells deficient in Bcat isoforms to assess the effects of Bcat knockout in both allograft and autochthonous models.
Conclusions: Despite sharing an identical combination of mutations, mouse models of NSCLC and PDAC exhibit distinct phenotypes with regards to BCAA metabolism in tumors. The different fates of BCAAs in each of these tumor types might explain previously observed alterations in plasma BCAA levels and provides further insight into how tumors can influence whole body metabolic phenotypes in early cancer.
1. Hu, J., et al. Heterogeneity of tumor-induced gene expression changes in the human metabolic network. Nature biotechnology 31, 522-529 (2013).
2. Yuneva, M.O., et al. The Metabolic Profile of Tumors Depends on Both the Responsible Genetic Lesion and Tissue Type. Cell Metabolism 15, 157-170 (2012).
3. Mayers, J.R., et al. Elevation of circulating branched-chain amino acids is an early event in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma development. Nature Medicine (2014).
Citation Format: Jared R. Mayers, Margaret E. Torrence, Shawn M. Davidson, Thales Papagiannakopoulos, Allison N. Lau, Tyler Jacks, Matthew G. Vander Heiden. Tissue-of-origin dictates the metabolic fate of branched chain amino acids in mutant Kras-driven cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; Jun 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(1_Suppl):Abstractnr PR11.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tyler Jacks
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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Lau AN, Vander Heiden MG. Stopping the Clock with MYC. Mol Cell 2015; 60:511-3. [PMID: 26590710 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a recent paper in Cell Metabolism, Altman et al. (2015) report that MYC disrupts the molecular clock in cancer cells and describe a link between oncogenesis, circadian rhythms, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Lau AN, Curtis SJ, Fillmore CM, Rowbotham SP, Mohseni M, Wagner DE, Beede AM, Montoro DT, Sinkevicius KW, Walton ZE, Barrios J, Weiss DJ, Camargo FD, Wong K, Kim CF. Tumor‐propagating cells and Yap/Taz activity contribute to lung tumor progression and metastasis. EMBO J 2014. [DOI: 10.15252/embj.201488991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Lau AN, Curtis SJ, Fillmore CM, Rowbotham SP, Mohseni M, Wagner DE, Beede AM, Montoro DT, Sinkevicius KW, Walton ZE, Barrios J, Weiss DJ, Camargo FD, Wong KK, Kim CF. Tumor-propagating cells and Yap/Taz activity contribute to lung tumor progression and metastasis. EMBO J 2014; 33:468-81. [PMID: 24497554 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201386082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of morbidity for lung cancer patients. Here we demonstrate that murine tumor propagating cells (TPCs) with the markers Sca1 and CD24 are enriched for metastatic potential in orthotopic transplantation assays. CD24 knockdown decreased the metastatic potential of lung cancer cell lines resembling TPCs. In lung cancer patient data sets, metastatic spread and patient survival could be stratified with a murine lung TPC gene signature. The TPC signature was enriched for genes in the Hippo signaling pathway. Knockdown of the Hippo mediators Yap1 or Taz decreased in vitro cellular migration and transplantation of metastatic disease. Furthermore, constitutively active Yap was sufficient to drive lung tumor progression in vivo. These results demonstrate functional roles for two different pathways, CD24-dependent and Yap/Taz-dependent pathways, in lung tumor propagation and metastasis. This study demonstrates the utility of TPCs for identifying molecules contributing to metastatic lung cancer, potentially enabling the therapeutic targeting of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Lau
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
A number of novel approaches for repair and regeneration of injured lung have developed over the past several years. These include a better understanding of endogenous stem and progenitor cells in the lung that can function in reparative capacity as well as extensive exploration of the potential efficacy of administering exogenous stem or progenitor cells to function in lung repair. Recent advances in ex vivo lung engineering have also been increasingly applied to the lung. The current status of these approaches as well as initial clinical trials of cell therapies for lung diseases are reviewed below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Lau
- Department of Genetics, Stem Cell Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tropea KA, Leder E, Aslam M, Lau AN, Raiser DM, Lee JH, Balasubramaniam V, Fredenburgh LE, Alex Mitsialis S, Kourembanas S, Kim CF. Bronchioalveolar stem cells increase after mesenchymal stromal cell treatment in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L829-37. [PMID: 22328358 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00347.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a major complication of prematurity resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The pathology of BPD is multifactorial and leads to alveolar simplification and distal lung injury. Previous studies have shown a beneficial effect of systemic treatment with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and MSC-conditioned media (MSC-CM) leading to amelioration of the lung parenchymal and vascular injury in vivo in the hyperoxia murine model of BPD. It is possible that the beneficial response from the MSCs is at least in part due to activation of endogenous lung epithelial stem cells. Bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) are an adult lung stem cell population capable of self-renewal and differentiation in culture, and BASCs proliferate in response to bronchiolar and alveolar lung injury in vivo. Systemic treatment of neonatal hyperoxia-exposed mice with MSCs or MSC-CM led to a significant increase in BASCs compared with untreated controls. Treatment of BASCs with MSC-CM in culture showed an increase in growth efficiency, indicating a direct effect of MSCs on BASCs. Lineage tracing data in bleomycin-treated adult mice showed that Clara cell secretory protein-expressing cells including BASCs are capable of contributing to alveolar repair after lung injury. MSCs and MSC-derived factors may stimulate BASCs to play a role in the repair of alveolar lung injury found in BPD and in the restoration of distal lung cell epithelia. This work highlights the potential important role of endogenous lung stem cells in the repair of chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Tropea
- Division of Newbork Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Lau AN, Peng L, Goto H, Chemnick L, Ryder OA, Makova KD. Horse domestication and conservation genetics of Przewalski's horse inferred from sex chromosomal and autosomal sequences. Mol Biol Evol 2008; 26:199-208. [PMID: 18931383 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msn239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring, there is continued disagreement about the genetic relationship of the domestic horse (Equus caballus) to its endangered wild relative, Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii). Analyses have differed as to whether or not Przewalski's horse is placed phylogenetically as a separate sister group to domestic horses. Because Przewalski's horse and domestic horse are so closely related, genetic data can also be used to infer domestication-specific differences between the two. To investigate the genetic relationship of Przewalski's horse to the domestic horse and to address whether evolution of the domestic horse is driven by males or females, five homologous introns (a total of approximately 3 kb) were sequenced on the X and Y chromosomes in two Przewalski's horses and three breeds of domestic horses: Arabian horse, Mongolian domestic horse, and Dartmoor pony. Five autosomal introns (a total of approximately 6 kb) were sequenced for these horses as well. The sequences of sex chromosomal and autosomal introns were used to determine nucleotide diversity and the forces driving evolution in these species. As a result, X chromosomal and autosomal data do not place Przewalski's horses in a separate clade within phylogenetic trees for horses, suggesting a close relationship between domestic and Przewalski's horses. It was also found that there was a lack of nucleotide diversity on the Y chromosome and higher nucleotide diversity than expected on the X chromosome in domestic horses as compared with the Y chromosome and autosomes. This supports the hypothesis that very few male horses along with numerous female horses founded the various domestic horse breeds. Patterns of nucleotide diversity among different types of chromosomes were distinct for Przewalski's in contrast to domestic horses, supporting unique evolutionary histories of the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Lau
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
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Ludwick AG, Lau AN, Ludwick LM. Simple sensitive technique for detecting organochlorine pesticides on thin layer chromatograms. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1977; 60:1077-80. [PMID: 197057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides can be quickly detected using commercially available thin layer chromatographic plates dipped in an acetone solution of silver nitrate. The limits of detection are functions of the pesticide, adsorbent, developing system, and concentration of the silver nitrate in acetone solution. On exposure to ultraviolet light, 0.002 microgram 2,4,5-T produced clear darkening within 30 min on precoated silica gel plates (polyvinyl alcohol binder) coated with a solution of 0.1% silver nitrate in acetone. For this system, a 60-min detection period was necessary for a 0.05% coating solution. On the silica gel plates (polyvinyl alcohol binder, 0.1% silver nitrate), 0.02 microgram lindane is detected within 75 min. For alumina plates (polyvinyl alcohol binder, 0.1% silver nitrate), 0.025 microgram aldrin is detected within 10 min. Darkening of this plate prohibits the detection of 0.012 microgram aldrin. On silica gel plates (polyvinyl alcohol binder, 0.1% silver nitrate), 0.015 microgram aldrin can be detected within 45 min. The method described provides sensitivities equal to or exceeding literature values.
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