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Tokunaga M, Nanjo S, Yoshita H, Fujinami H, Watanabe T, Ishii Y, Kobayashi S, Akashi M, Takagi H, Mihara H, Kajiura S, Ando T, Hashimoto I, Hojo S, Okumura T, Sugiyama T. Multiple Synchronous Sporadic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in the Stomach and Jejunum. Intern Med 2018; 57:1719-1723. [PMID: 29434135 PMCID: PMC6047988 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0229-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A 77-year-old patient was admitted to our hospital for the further examination of melena. A computed tomography scan detected two submucosal tumors (SMTs) in the stomach and jejunum. Double-balloon endoscopy revealed the presence of a delle on the jejunal SMT, suggesting that the SMT was the origin of the gastrointestinal bleeding. Both tumors were surgically resected and subsequently diagnosed via histology as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Furthermore, the two GISTs had different mutations in the c-kit gene, suggesting that they were derived from different clonal origins. This report depicts an extremely rare case of multiple synchronous sporadic GISTs in the stomach and jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Tokunaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Sohachi Nanjo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Haruka Fujinami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Tohru Watanabe
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoko Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Saito Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Momoko Akashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Shinya Kajiura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ando
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Isaya Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Shozo Hojo
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Okumura
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sugiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
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Dong Y, Liang C, Zhang B, Ma J, He X, Chen S, Zhang X, Chen W. Bortezomib enhances the therapeutic efficacy of dasatinib by promoting c-KIT internalization-induced apoptosis in gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:137-46. [PMID: 25737303 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dasatinib-based therapy is often used as a second-line therapeutic strategy for imatinib-resistance gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs); however, acquired aberrant activation of dasatinib target proteins, such as c-KIT and PDGFRβ, attenuates the therapeutic efficiency of dasatinib. Combination therapy which inhibits the activation of dasatinib target proteins may enhance the cytotoxicity of dasatinib in GISTs. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, significantly inhibited cell viability and promoted apoptosis of dasatinib-treated GIST-T1 cells, whereas GIST-T1 cells showed little dasatinib cytotoxicity when treated with dasatinib alone, as the upregulation of c-KIT caused by dasatinib itself interfered with the inhibition of c-KIT and PDGFRβ phosphorylation by dasatinib. Bortezomib induced internalization and degradation of c-KIT by binding c-KIT to Cbl, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, and the subsequent release of Apaf-1, which was originally bound to the c-KIT-Hsp90β-Apaf-1 complex, induced primary apoptosis in GIST-T1 cells. Combined treatment with bortezomib plus dasatinib caused cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase through inactivation of PDGFRβ and promoted bortezomib-induced apoptosis in GIST-T1 cells. Our data suggest that combination therapy exerts better efficiency for eradicating GIST cells and may be a promising strategy for the future treatment of GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianjuan Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xuexin He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xianning Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
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Coexistence of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and gastric adenocarcinomas. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:919-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Pantaleo MA, Astolfi A, Nannini M, Ceccarelli C, Formica S, Santini D, Heinrich MC, Corless C, Dei Tos AP, Paterini P, Catena F, Maleddu A, Saponara M, Di Battista M, Biasco G. Differential expression of neural markers in KIT and PDGFRA wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Histopathology 2012; 59:1071-80. [PMID: 22175887 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the genomic signatures of wild-type (WT) and mutated GISTs and the murine interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) to find markers of cell differentiation and other functions that may identify cells that give rise to WT tumours. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed the gene expression profiles of a total of 30 tumour samples (four WT GISTs and 26 mutated GISTs), selected the genes most differentially expressed (P < 0.001:448 probe sets) and validated these results by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. In addition, we conducted a meta-analysis merging data from human GISTs with a genomic data set from murine ICCs. The gene expression profiles of WT and mutated GISTs differed profoundly, especially in the expression of those genes restricted primarily to neural tissues. We found that mature ICCs are more similar to mutated GISTs than WT GISTs. CONCLUSIONS WT GISTs have different genomic profiles from both mutated GISTs and murine mature ICCs. Considering that IGF1R expression is common to both WT GISTs and putative precursor ICCs, this study suggests that WT GISTs may derive either from ICCs at a different step of differentiation or from a different cell of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Pantaleo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Sciences, L A Seragnoli, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Lee HW, Baak CH, Lee MY, Kim YC. Spontaneous contractions augmented by cholinergic and adrenergic systems in the human ureter. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 15:37-41. [PMID: 21461239 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2011.15.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) evoke pacemaker activities in many tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between interstitial cell and pacemaker activity in the human ureter through the recording of spontaneous contractions. Spontaneous contractions of eight circular and longitudinal smooth muscle strips of the human ureter to acetylcholine (ACh) and/or norepinephrine (NE) were observed. Human ureteral strips were divided into proximal and distal groups, and each group was subdivided into circular and longitudinal groups. The proximal group showed spontaneous activities of 3~4 times within 5 minutes in the longitudinal group. ACh (10(-4) M) augmented the frequency of the spontaneous contractions. The cumulative application of NE also augmented the frequency in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of NE application were inhibited by concomitant application of 10(-5) M glibenclamide. Receptor tyrosine kinase (c-kit) staining revealed abundant ICCs only in proximal tissues. Therefore, spontaneous contractions of the human ureter might be modulated by ICC in the proximal region, and the actions might be related with the activation of cholinergic and/or adrenergic system mediated by a glibenclamide-sensitive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Lee
- Department of Life and Leisure Sport/Sport Industry, College of Sports Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have emerged from being a poorly understood and therapeutically refractory sarcoma to a tumor whose biology has not only provided insight into a mechanism of oncogenesis but has also led to a rational basis for therapy. Most GISTs are characterized by KIT protein (CD117) expression and constitutive activating mutations in either the c-kit or platelet-derived growth factor receptor α genes. This information can now be obtained from routine formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. Because the correct diagnosis is the key to successful treatment of this tumor, it is incumbent on the pathologist to be familiar with the various gross and histologic patterns shown by these tumors. GISTs range from small incidental stromal nodules to large cystic and solid tumor masses. GISTs show a variety of microscopic patterns and therefore several other tumors enter the differential diagnosis. Fortunately, with an understanding of GIST histology, and with the proper use of immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis, a correct diagnosis can usually be made. In addition to the correct diagnosis, several key attributes of the tumor need to be determined because they provide the basis for proper clinical management. This article summarizes the gross, microscopic, and molecular findings of GISTs, and discusses the differential diagnosis and key attributes of this interesting group of neoplasms.
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Multiple Sporadic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) of the Proximal Stomach are Caused by Different Somatic KIT Mutations Suggesting a Field Effect. Am J Surg Pathol 2008; 32:1553-9. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e31817587ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yang J, Du X, Lazar AJF, Pollock R, Hunt K, Chen K, Hao X, Trent J, Zhang W. Genetic aberrations of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Cancer 2008; 113:1532-43. [PMID: 18671247 PMCID: PMC2651090 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm in the gastrointestinal tract and is associated with mutations of the KIT or PDGFRA gene. In addition, other genetic events are believed to be involved in GIST tumorigenesis. Cytogenetic aberrations associated with these tumors thus far described include loss of 1p, 13q, 14q, or 15q, loss of heterozygosity of 22q, numeric chromosomal imbalances, and nuclear/mitochondrial microsatellite instability. Molecular genetic aberrations include loss of heterozygosity of p16(INK4A) and p14(ARF), methylation of p15(INK4B), homozygous loss of the Hox11L1 gene, and amplification of C-MYC, MDM2, EGFR1, and CCND1. GISTs in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 appear to lack the KIT and PDGFRA mutations characteristic of GISTs and may have a different pathogenetic mechanism. Gene mutations of KIT or PDGFRA are critical in GISTs, because the aberrant versions not only are correlated with the specific cell morphology, histologic phenotype, metastasis, and prognosis, but also are the targets of therapy with imatinib and other agents. Furthermore, specific mutations in KIT and PDGFR appear to lead to differential drug sensitivity and may in the future guide selection of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Activation of the receptor tyrosine kinases involves a signal transduction pathway whose components (mitogen-activated protein kinase, AKT, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, and RAS) are also possible targets of inhibition. A new paradigm of classification, integrating the standard clinical and pathological criteria with molecular aberrations, may permit personalized prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30060, China
| | - Xiaoling Du
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30060, China
| | - Alexander J. F. Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raphael Pollock
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly Hunt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30060, China
| | - Xishan Hao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30060, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30060, China
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30060, China
| | - Jonathan Trent
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Mutually exclusive KIT and PDGFRA mutations are central events in GIST pathogenesis, and their understanding is becoming increasingly important, because specific treatment targeting oncogenic KIT and PDGFRA activation (especially imatinib mesylate) has become available. KIT mutations in GIST are clustered in four exons. Most common are exon 11 (juxtamembrane domain) mutations that include deletions, point mutations (affecting a few codons), and duplications (mostly in the 3' region). The latter mutations most often occur in gastric GISTs. Among gastric GISTs, tumors with deletions are more aggressive than those with point mutations; this does not seem to hold true in small intestinal GISTs. Exon 9 mutations (5-10%) usually are 2-codon 502-503 duplications, and these occur predominantly in intestinal versus gastric GISTs. Lesser imatinib sensitivity of these tumors has been noted. Kinase domain mutations are very rare; GISTs with such mutations are variably sensitive to imatinib. PDGFRA mutations usually occur in gastric GISTs, especially in the epithelioid variants; their overall frequency is approximately 30% to 40% of KIT mutation negative GISTs. Most common is exon 18 mutation leading Asp842Val at the protein level. This mutation causes imatinib resistance. Exon 12 and 14 mutations are rare. Most mutations are somatic (in tumor tissue only), but patients with familial GIST syndrome have consitutitonal KIT/PDGFRA mutations; >10 families have been reported worldwide with mutations generally similar to those in sporadic GISTs. GISTs in neurofibromatosis 1 patients, children, and Carney triad seem to lack GIST-specific KIT and PDGFRA mutations and may have a different disease mechanism. Secondary mutations usually occur in KIT kinase domains in patients after imatinib treatment resulting in resistance to this drug. Mutation genotyping is a tool in GIST diagnosis and in assessment of sensitivity to kinase inhibitors. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Lasota
- Department of Soft Tissue Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2007; 19:65-9. [PMID: 17133115 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328012d5fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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