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Bao X, Yan D, Yang J, Zhang Z, Yuan B. Role of ERβ in the ovary and ovary related diseases. Gene 2024; 927:148678. [PMID: 38906392 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) regulate a multitude of complicated physiological and pathological processes. Jan-Ake Gustafsson's group discovered ERβ in 1996, this crucial finding gives us new insights into the understanding of estrogen signaling. ERβ is highly expressed in the ovary and particularly exists in granulosa cells (GCs). ERβ is a key transcription factor in the maintenance of ovarian granulosa cell growth, differentiation, and homeostasis, and the ovulation function of ovarian follicles and oocytes. Additionally, ERβ can modulate the steroidogenic transcriptional program through phosphorylation and regulate both gonadotropin response and FOXL2 expression within the ovary. In this review, we focus on the role of ERβ in regulating ovarian granulosa cell development and homeostasis, particularly its significance in ovarian cancer (OC), premature ovarian failure (POF), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It also highlights the prospects of small molecule compounds targeting ERβ, providing a new strategy for the treatment of ovarian-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China; Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Experimental Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Rakoczy K, Kaczor J, Sołtyk A, Jonderko L, Sędzik M, Lizon J, Lewandowska A, Saczko M, Kulbacka J. Pregnancy, abortion, and birth control methods' complicity with breast cancer occurrence. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 590:112264. [PMID: 38705365 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive factors play significantly important roles in determining the breast cancer (BC) risk. The impact of pregnancy, abortion, and birth control methods on tumor development remains unclear. It has been found that early full-term pregnancies in young women can lower their lifetime risk of developing the type of cancer in question. However, having a first full-term pregnancy at an older age can increase this risk. The relationship between pregnancy and breast cancer (BC) is, however, much more complicated. Both induced and spontaneous abortions lead to sudden changes in hormonal balance, which could cause different effects on sensitive breast epithelial cells, making abortion a potential risk factor for breast cancer. The influence of hormonal contraception on carcinogenesis is not comprehensively understood, and therefore, more exhaustive analysis of existing data and further investigation is needed. This review explores how the mentioned reproductive factors affect the risk of breast cancer (BC), focusing on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to its complexity. By comprehending this intricate network of relationships, we can develop new strategies for predicting and treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rakoczy
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Kaczor
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Sołtyk
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Laura Jonderko
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Sędzik
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julia Lizon
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Lewandowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Saczko
- A. Falkiewicz Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Warszawska 2, 52-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, 08410, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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3
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Marolt N, Pavlič R, Kreft T, Gjogorska M, Rižner TL. Targeting estrogen metabolism in high-grade serous ovarian cancer shows promise to overcome platinum resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117069. [PMID: 38968802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate due to chemoresistance in patients with high-grade ovarian cancer (HGSOC) emphasizes the urgent need to determine optimal treatment strategies for advanced and recurrent cases. Our study investigates the interplay between estrogens and chemoresistance in HGSOC and shows clear differences between platinum-sensitive and -resistant tumors. Through comprehensive transcriptome analyzes, we uncover differences in the expression of genes of estrogen biosynthesis, metabolism, transport and action underlying platinum resistance in different tissues of HGSOC subtypes and in six HGSOC cell lines. Furthermore, we identify genes involved in estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism as prognostic biomarkers for HGSOC. Additionally, our study elucidates different patterns of estrogen formation/metabolism and their effects on cell proliferation between six HGSOC cell lines with different platinum sensitivity. These results emphasize the dynamic interplay between estrogens and HGSOC chemoresistance. In particular, targeting the activity of steroid sulfatase (STS) proves to be a promising therapeutic approach with potential efficacy in limiting estrogen-driven cell proliferation. Our study reveals potential prognostic markers as well as identifies novel therapeutic targets that show promise for overcoming resistance and improving treatment outcomes in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Marolt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Renata Pavlič
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Tinkara Kreft
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Marija Gjogorska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
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4
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Tavares V, Marques IS, Melo IGD, Assis J, Pereira D, Medeiros R. Paradigm Shift: A Comprehensive Review of Ovarian Cancer Management in an Era of Advancements. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1845. [PMID: 38339123 PMCID: PMC10856127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the female genital malignancy with the highest lethality. Patients present a poor prognosis mainly due to the late clinical presentation allied with the common acquisition of chemoresistance and a high rate of tumour recurrence. Effective screening, accurate diagnosis, and personalised multidisciplinary treatments are crucial for improving patients' survival and quality of life. This comprehensive narrative review aims to describe the current knowledge on the aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of OC, highlighting the latest significant advancements and future directions. Traditionally, OC treatment involves the combination of cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Although more therapeutical approaches have been developed, the lack of established predictive biomarkers to guide disease management has led to only marginal improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) while patients face an increasing level of toxicity. Fortunately, because of a better overall understanding of ovarian tumourigenesis and advancements in the disease's (epi)genetic and molecular profiling, a paradigm shift has emerged with the identification of new disease biomarkers and the proposal of targeted therapeutic approaches to postpone disease recurrence and decrease side effects, while increasing patients' survival. Despite this progress, several challenges in disease management, including disease heterogeneity and drug resistance, still need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Soares Marques
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Guerra de Melo
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Assis
- Clinical Research Unit, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
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Hu M, Xu M, Chen Y, Ye Z, Zhu S, Cai J, Zhang M, Zhang C, Huang R, Ye Q, Ao H. Therapeutic potential of toosendanin: Novel applications of an old ascaris repellent as a drug candidate. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115541. [PMID: 37738795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Toosendanin (TSN), extracted from Melia. toosendan Sieb.et Zucc. and Melia. azedarach L., has been developed into an ascaris repellent in China. However, with the improvement of public health protection, the incidence of ascariasis has been reduced considerably, resulting in limited medical application of TSN. Therefore, it is questionable whether this old ascaris repellent can develop into a drug candidate. Modern studies have shown that TSN has strong pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-botulinum, anti-viral and anti-parasitic potentials. It also can regulate fat formation and improve inflammation. These researches indicate that TSN has great potential to be developed into a corresponding medical product. In order to better development and application of TSN, the availability, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of TSN are summarized systematically. In addition, this review discusses shortcomings in the current researches and provides useful suggestions about how TSN developed into a drug candidate. Therefore, this paper illustrates the possibility of developing TSN as a medical product, aimed to provide directions for the clinical application and further research of TSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangkai Ye
- Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shunpeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruizhen Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Qiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hui Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China.
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6
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Dehghani S, Moshfeghinia R, Ramezani M, Vali M, Oskoei V, Amiri-Ardekani E, Hopke P. Exposure to air pollution and risk of ovarian cancer: a review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:439-450. [PMID: 35575767 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exposure to air pollution has destructive health consequences and a potential role in ovarian cancer etiology. We conducted a systematic review of the studies assessing the associations between ovarian malignancy and exposure to air pollutants. CONTENT The included studies were categorized based on types of measured ambient air pollutants, including particulate matter (five studies), gases (two studies), air pollutant mixtures (eight studies), and traffic indicators for air pollution (only one study). Because of the heterogeneity of quantitative data of the reviewed studies, we qualitatively reviewed the air pollution role in ovarian cancer risk with representing incidence and/or the mortality rate of ovarian cancer in related with air pollution. Nine studies were ecological study design. Except for one, all studies confirmed a positive correlation between exposure to ambient air pollution (AAP) and increased ovarian cancer risks. SUMMARY We concluded that prolonged air pollution exposure through possible mechanisms, estrogen-like effects, and genetic mutations might affect ovarian tumorigenesis. This research surveyed the limitations of the previous studies, including issues with ambient air pollution surveillance and assessing the exposure, determining the air pollution sources, data analysis approaches, and study designs. OUTLOOK Finally, the authors provide suggestions for future environmental epidemiological inquiries on the impact of exposure to ambient air pollution on ovarian malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moshfeghinia
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- MPH Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsan Ramezani
- Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohebat Vali
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahide Oskoei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Amiri-Ardekani
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Association of Indigenous Knowledge, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Phytopharmaceutical (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Philip Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
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7
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Al-Shami K, Awadi S, Khamees A, Alsheikh AM, Al-Sharif S, Ala’ Bereshy R, Al-Eitan SF, Banikhaled SH, Al-Qudimat AR, Al-Zoubi RM, Al Zoubi MS. Estrogens and the risk of breast cancer: A narrative review of literature. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20224. [PMID: 37809638 PMCID: PMC10559995 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In female mammals, the development and regulation of the reproductive system and non-reproductive system are significantly influenced by estrogens (oestrogens). In addition, lipid metabolism is another physiological role of estrogens. Estrogens act through different types of receptors to introduce signals to the target cell by affecting many estrogen response elements. Breast cancer is considered mostly a hormone-dependent disease. Approximately 70% of breast cancers express progesterone receptors and/or estrogen receptors, and they are a good marker for cancer prognosis. This review will discuss estrogen metabolism and the interaction of estrogen metabolites with breast cancer. The carcinogenic role of estrogen is discussed in light of both conventional and atypical cancers susceptible to hormones, such as prostate, endometrial, and lung cancer, as we examine how estrogen contributes to the formation and activation of breast cancer. In addition, this review will discuss other factors that can be associated with estrogen-driven breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khayry Al-Shami
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O Box 566, 21163, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sajeda Awadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O Box 566, 21163, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Almu'atasim Khamees
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O Box 566, 21163, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of General Surgery, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, 11941, Jordan
| | | | - Sumaiya Al-Sharif
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O Box 566, 21163, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Sharaf F. Al-Eitan
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O Box 566, 21163, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Ahmad R. Al-Qudimat
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raed M. Al-Zoubi
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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8
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Cimmino A, Fasciglione GF, Gioia M, Marini S, Ciaccio C. Multi-Anticancer Activities of Phytoestrogens in Human Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13344. [PMID: 37686148 PMCID: PMC10487502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant-derived bioactive compounds with estrogen-like properties. Their potential health benefits, especially in cancer prevention and treatment, have been a subject of considerable research in the past decade. Phytoestrogens exert their effects, at least in part, through interactions with estrogen receptors (ERs), mimicking or inhibiting the actions of natural estrogens. Recently, there has been growing interest in exploring the impact of phytoestrogens on osteosarcoma (OS), a type of bone malignancy that primarily affects children and young adults and is currently presenting limited treatment options. Considering the critical role of the estrogen/ERs axis in bone development and growth, the modulation of ERs has emerged as a highly promising approach in the treatment of OS. This review provides an extensive overview of current literature on the effects of phytoestrogens on human OS models. It delves into the multiple mechanisms through which these molecules regulate the cell cycle, apoptosis, and key pathways implicated in the growth and progression of OS, including ER signaling. Moreover, potential interactions between phytoestrogens and conventional chemotherapy agents commonly used in OS treatment will be examined. Understanding the impact of these compounds in OS holds great promise for developing novel therapeutic approaches that can augment current OS treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chiara Ciaccio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via Montpellier 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (G.F.F.); (M.G.); (S.M.)
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Slighoua M, Amrati FEZ, Chebaibi M, Mahdi I, Al Kamaly O, El Ouahdani K, Drioiche A, Saleh A, Bousta D. Quercetin and Ferulic Acid Elicit Estrogenic Activities In Vivo and In Silico. Molecules 2023; 28:5112. [PMID: 37446770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the sub-acute toxicity of quercetin and ferulic acid and evaluated their effects on protein, cholesterol, and estrogen levels in vivo. Six groups of female Wistar rats were fed by gavage. The first and second groups represent the positive (Clomiphene citrate 10 mg/kg) and negative (NaCl 0.9%) control groups, while the other groups received quercetin and ferulic acid at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg/day for 28 days. The sub-acute toxicity was monitored by examining the weights, biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, urea, and CREA), and histological changes in the kidneys and liver of the treated animals. Furthermore, the in vivo estrogenic effects were studied in terms of the serum and ovarian cholesterol levels, serum estradiol, and uterine proteins. Finally, Docking studies were conducted to evaluate the binding affinity of quercetin and ferulic acid for alpha and beta estrogen receptors. Results showed that both compounds were devoid of any signs of nephrotoxicity or hepatotoxicity. Additionally, quercetin and ferulic acid caused significant estrogenic effects evidenced by an increase of 8.7 to 22.48% in serum estradiol, though to a lesser amount than in the reference drug-treated group (64.21%). Moreover, the two compounds decreased the serum cholesterol levels (12.26-32.75%) as well as the ovarian cholesterol level (11.9% to 41.50%) compared to the negative control. The molecular docking in estrogen alpha and estrogen beta active sites showed high affinity of quercetin (-10.444 kcal/mol for estrogen alpha and -10.662 kcal/mol for estrogen beta) and ferulic acid (-6.377 kcal/mol for estrogen alpha and -6.3 kcal/mol for estrogen beta) to these receptors. This study provides promising insights into the potential use of quercetin as a therapeutic agent for the management of female fertility issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Slighoua
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agro-Food, and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences, University 7 Sidi-Mohamed-Ben-Abdellah (USMBA), Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Fatima Ez-Zahra Amrati
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agro-Food, and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences, University 7 Sidi-Mohamed-Ben-Abdellah (USMBA), Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Chebaibi
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Ismail Mahdi
- AgroBioSciences Research Division, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Omkulthom Al Kamaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadija El Ouahdani
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agro-Food, and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences, University 7 Sidi-Mohamed-Ben-Abdellah (USMBA), Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Aziz Drioiche
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay 19 Ismail University, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalila Bousta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agro-Food, and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences, University 7 Sidi-Mohamed-Ben-Abdellah (USMBA), Fez 30050, Morocco
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10
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Schüler-Toprak S, Skrzypczak M, Gründker C, Ortmann O, Treeck O. Role of Estrogen Receptor β, G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor and Estrogen-Related Receptors in Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2845. [PMID: 37345182 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian and endometrial cancers are affected by estrogens and their receptors. It has been long known that in different types of cancers, estrogens activate tumor cell proliferation via estrogen receptor α (ERα). In contrast, the role of ERs discovered later, including ERβ and G-protein-coupled ER (GPER1), in cancer is less well understood, but the current state of knowledge indicates them to have a considerable impact on both cancer development and progression. Moreover, estrogen related receptors (ERRs) have been reported to affect pathobiology of many tumor types. This article provides a summary and update of the current findings on the role of ERβ, GPER1, and ERRs in ovarian and endometrial cancer. For this purpose, original research articles on the role of ERβ, GPER1, and ERRs in ovarian and endometrial cancers listed in the PubMed database have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schüler-Toprak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Caritas-Hospital St. Josef, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Skrzypczak
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Caritas-Hospital St. Josef, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Treeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Caritas-Hospital St. Josef, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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11
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He Y, Alejo S, Venkata PP, Johnson JD, Loeffel I, Pratap UP, Zou Y, Lai Z, Tekmal RR, Kost ER, Sareddy GR. Therapeutic Targeting of Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells Using Estrogen Receptor Beta Agonist. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7159. [PMID: 35806169 PMCID: PMC9266546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OCa) is the deadliest gynecologic cancer. Emerging studies suggest ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) contribute to chemotherapy resistance and tumor relapse. Recent studies demonstrated estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) exerts tumor suppressor functions in OCa. However, the status of ERβ expression in OCSCs and the therapeutic utility of the ERβ agonist LY500307 for targeting OCSCs remain unknown. OCSCs were enriched from ES2, OV90, SKOV3, OVSAHO, and A2780 cells using ALDEFLUOR kit. RT-qPCR results showed ERβ, particularly ERβ isoform 1, is highly expressed in OCSCs and that ERβ agonist LY500307 significantly reduced the viability of OCSCs. Treatment of OCSCs with LY500307 significantly reduced sphere formation, self-renewal, and invasion, while also promoting apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Mechanistic studies using RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that LY500307 treatment resulted in modulation of pathways related to cell cycle and apoptosis. Western blot and RT-qPCR assays demonstrated the upregulation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest genes such as FDXR, p21/CDKN1A, cleaved PARP, and caspase 3, and the downregulation of stemness markers SOX2, Oct4, and Nanog. Importantly, treatment of LY500307 significantly attenuated the tumor-initiating capacity of OCSCs in orthotopic OCa murine xenograft models. Our results demonstrate that ERβ agonist LY500307 is highly efficacious in reducing the stemness and promoting apoptosis of OCSCs and shows significant promise as a novel therapeutic agent in treating OCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Salvador Alejo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Prabhakar Pitta Venkata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Jessica D. Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Ilanna Loeffel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Uday P. Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Yi Zou
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Rajeshwar R. Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Edward R. Kost
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Gangadhara R. Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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12
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Ng CW, Wong KK. Impact of estrogen receptor expression on prognosis of ovarian cancer according to antibody clone used for immunohistochemistry: a meta-analysis. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:63. [PMID: 35610648 PMCID: PMC9128086 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes ER⍺ and ERβ in ovarian cancer has previously been evaluated by meta-analyses. However, the results are contradictory and controversial. METHODS We conducted an updated meta-analysis with stringent inclusion criteria to ensure homogeneous studies to determine the effect of ER subtypes on ovarian cancer prognosis. Articles were retrieved by systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science for articles dated up to June 2021. Only studies with known hazard ratio (HR) and antibody clone for immunochemistry (IHC) were included. Pooled HRs with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the effect of ER⍺ and ERβ expression on ovarian cancer patient progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 17 studies were included, of which 11 and 13 studies examined the relationships between ER⍺ expression and PFS and OS, respectively, and 5 and 7 studies examined the relationships between ERβ expression and PFS and OS, respectively. Neither ER⍺ expression (random-effects model; HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.83-1.18) nor ERβ expression (fixed-effects model; HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.69-1.27) was associated with PFS. Random-effects models showed that ER⍺ expression (HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.64-1.02) and ERβ expression (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.50-1.13) were only marginally and not significantly associated with better OS. Subgroup analysis revealed that ER⍺ expression determined using antibody clone 1D5 (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.64-0.88) and ERβ expression determined using ERβ1-specific-antibody clone PPG5/10 or EMR02 (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.50-0.86) were associated with significantly better OS, but ER expression determined using other antibodies was not. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, a higher ER⍺ expression and ERβ expression are significantly associated with a better survival of ovarian cancer patients, but the results from previous prognostic studies are significantly dependent on the choice of specific ER antibody clones used in immunohistochemistry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wai Ng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, Room T4-3900, Clinical Research Building, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kwong-Kwok Wong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, Room T4-3900, Clinical Research Building, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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13
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Scotto G, Borella F, Turinetto M, Tuninetti V, Valsecchi AA, Giannone G, Cosma S, Benedetto C, Valabrega G. Biomarkers of Central Nervous System Involvement from Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:3408. [PMID: 34943916 PMCID: PMC8699445 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death among women affected by gynaecological malignancies. Most patients show advanced disease at diagnosis (FIGO stage III-IV) and, despite the introduction of new therapeutic options, most women experience relapses. In most cases, recurrence is abdominal-pelvic; however, EOC can occasionally metastasize to distant organs, including the central nervous system. The incidence of brain metastases (BMs) from EOC is low, but it has grown over time; currently, there are no follow-up strategies available. In the last decade, a few biomarkers able to predict the risk of developing BMs from OC or as potential therapeutic targets have been investigated by several authors; to date, none have entered clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to offer a summary on the role of the most relevant predictors of central nervous system (CNS) involvement (hormone receptors; BRCA; MRD1; PD-1/PD-L1) and to highlight possible therapeutic strategies for the management of metastatic brain disease in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Scotto
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Borella
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Margherita Turinetto
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Valentina Tuninetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Anna A. Valsecchi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Gaia Giannone
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Stefano Cosma
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
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14
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Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are known to play an important role in the proper development of estrogen-sensitive organs, as well as in the development and progression of various types of cancer. ERα, the first ER to be discovered, has been the focus of most cancer research, especially in the context of breast cancer. However, ERβ expression also plays a significant role in cancer pathophysiology, notably its seemingly protective nature and loss of expression with oncogenesis and progression. Although ERβ exhibits antitumor activity in breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer, its expression is associated with disease progression and worse prognosis in lung cancer. The function of ERβ is complicated by the presence of multiple isoforms and single nucleotide polymorphisms, in addition to tissue-specific functions. This mini-review explores current literature on ERβ and its mechanism of action and clinical implications in breast, ovarian, prostate, and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Laura P Stabile
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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15
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van Lieshout L, van der Ploeg P, Wesseling-Rozendaal Y, van de Stolpe A, Bosch S, Lentjes-Beer M, Ottenheijm M, Meriaan A, Vos C, de Hullu J, Massuger L, Bekkers R, Piek J. Survival Is Related to Estrogen Signal Transduction Pathway Activity in Postmenopausal Women Diagnosed with High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5101. [PMID: 34680250 PMCID: PMC8533979 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC), the most common subtype of ovarian cancer, has a high mortality rate. Although there are some factors associated with survival, such as stage of disease, there are remarkable differences in survival among women diagnosed with advanced stage disease. In this study, we investigate possible relations between survival and signal transduction pathway (STP) activity. We assessed the functional activity of the androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), Hedgehog (HH), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and canonical wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) pathway in 85 primary tumor samples of patients with FIGO stage IIIC to IVB HGSC and disease-free survival (DFS) below 12 (n = 52) or over 24 months (n = 33). There were no significant differences in median pathway activity between patients with a short and long DFS. In univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, ER pathway activity was related to a favorable DFS and overall survival (OS) in postmenopausal women (p = 0.033 and p = 0.041, respectively), but not in premenopausal women. We divided the postmenopausal group into subgroups based on ER pathway activity quartiles. Survival analysis revealed that postmenopausal women in the lowest ER quartile had a shorter DFS and OS (log-rank p = 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, we were able to form subgroups of patients based on an inverse relation between ER and PI3K pathway activity. In conclusion, in postmenopausal patients with advanced stage HGSC, a poorer survival outcome was associated with low functional ER pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura van Lieshout
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, P.O. Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (R.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Phyllis van der Ploeg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, P.O. Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (R.B.)
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Wesseling-Rozendaal
- Molecular Pathway Diagnostics, Philips, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (Y.W.-R.); (A.v.d.S.)
| | - Anja van de Stolpe
- Molecular Pathway Diagnostics, Philips, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (Y.W.-R.); (A.v.d.S.)
| | - Steven Bosch
- Laboratory for Pathology and Medical Microbiology (Stichting PAMM), P.O. Box 2, 5500 AA Veldhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Marjolein Lentjes-Beer
- Laboratory for Pathology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, P.O. Box 90153, 5200 ME ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands;
| | - Meggy Ottenheijm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, P.O. Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Annelen Meriaan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, P.O. Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Caroline Vos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, P.O. Box 90151, 5000 LC Tilburg, The Netherlands;
| | - Joanne de Hullu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Leon Massuger
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Ruud Bekkers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, P.O. Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (R.B.)
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Piek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, P.O. Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (R.B.)
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16
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Pu X, Chen D. Targeting Adipokines in Obesity-Related Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:685923. [PMID: 34485124 PMCID: PMC8415167 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.685923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a global epidemic, is an independent risk factor for the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors, such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer. Adipocytes are important endocrine cells in the tumor microenvironment of obesity-related tumors, which can secrete a variety of adipokines (such as leptin, adiponectin, estrogen, resistin, MIF and MCP-1, etc.), among which leptin, adiponectin and estrogen are the most in-depth and valuable ones. These adipokines are closely related to tumorigenesis and the progression of tumors. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that under chronic inflammatory conditions such as obesity, adipocytes secrete more adipokines to promote the tumorigenesis and development of tumors. However, it is worth noting that although adiponectin is also secreted by adipocytes, it has an anti-tumor effect, and can cross-talk with other adipokines (such as leptin and estrogen) and insulin to play an anti-tumor effect together. In addition, obesity is the main cause of insulin resistance, which can lead to the increase of the expression levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF). As important regulators of blood glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin and IGF also play an important role in the progress of obesity related tumors. In view of the important role of adipokines secreted by adipocytes and insulin/IGF in tumors, this article not only elaborates leptin, adiponectin and estrogen secreted by adipocytes and their mechanism of action in the development of obesity- related tumors, but also introduces the relationship between insulin/IGF, a regulator of lipid metabolism, and obesity related tumors. At the same time, it briefly describes the cancer-promoting mechanism of resistin, MIF and MCP-1 in obesity-related tumors, and finally summarizes the specific treatment opinions and measures for various adipokines and insulin/insulin-like growth factors in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Pu
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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17
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Li H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, Qi X. Hormone therapy for ovarian cancer: Emphasis on mechanisms and applications (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:223. [PMID: 34435651 PMCID: PMC8424487 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) remains the leading cause of mortality due to gynecological malignancies. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that steroid hormones released from the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis can play a role in stimulating or inhibiting OC progression, with gonadotropins, estrogens and androgens promoting OC progression, while gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and progesterone may be protective factors in OC. Experimental studies have indicated that hormone receptors are expressed in OC cells and mediate the growth stimulatory or growth inhibitory effects of hormones on these cells. Hormone therapy agents have been evaluated in a number of clinical trials. The majority of these trials were conducted in patients with relapsed or refractory OC with average efficacy and limited side-effects. A better understanding of the mechanisms through which hormones affect cell growth may improve the efficacy of hormone therapy. In the present review article, the role of hormones (GnRH, gonadotropins, androgens, estrogens and progestins) and their receptors in OC tumorigenesis, and hormonal therapy in OC treatment is discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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18
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Liao HQ, Zhou J, Cao Y, Nie YL, Li MQ, Zhou J. Vigilin interacts with ER-β to protect against palmitic acid-induced granulosa cells apoptosis via inhibiting calcineurin-mediated Drp1 signaling pathway. Steroids 2020; 163:108699. [PMID: 32687845 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia is one of the causes of female infertility, and as a common fatty acid in follicular fluid, palmitic acid (PA) level plays a vital role in granule cell which is closely related to the developmental potential of follicle. METHODS The ovarian granulosa cell-like human granulosa (KGN) cell line and the immortalized normal ovarian surface epithelial cell line (IOSE80) were used to verify the effect of PA on cell viability and apoptosis by MTT and flow cytometry assay, respectively. Then mitochondria damage was confirmed by mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial ROS detection assay and western blot in KGN cells. Thorough luciferase reporter assay and RIP-qPCR, the relationship between vigilin and ER-β was investigated. RESULTS In our study, PA induced mitochondrial damage-mediated cell apoptosis of KGN cells was dose-dependently, while PA shown no effects on in IOSE80 cells. Then the role of calcineurin (CnA)-mediated Drp1 signaling pathway on KGN cells was confirmed by treating with Mdivi-1 or FK506T. In addition, the changed level of vigilin and ER-β was observed in cell apoptosis of KGN cells induced by PA. By transfecting vigilin vector or ER-β vector into KGN cells, respectively, vigilin and ER-β were demonstrated to regulate the apoptosis of KGN cells. And vigilin was a binding protein of ER-β mRNA. CONCLUSION Vigilin could interact with ER-β mRNA to promote ER-β expression. And Vigilin/ ER-β relieve the mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis induced by PA through regulating CnA-mediated Drp1 signaling pathway, which revealed the mechanism and strategy of hypercholesterolemia in female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qing Liao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hengyang Nanhua-Xinghui Reproductive Health Hospital, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Jun Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hengyang Nanhua-Xinghui Reproductive Health Hospital, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Yang Cao
- Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Nie
- Hengyang Nanhua-Xinghui Reproductive Health Hospital, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Mei-Qing Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hengyang Nanhua-Xinghui Reproductive Health Hospital, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hengyang Nanhua-Xinghui Reproductive Health Hospital, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
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19
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Indole Derivative Interacts with Estrogen Receptor Beta and Inhibits Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194438. [PMID: 32992652 PMCID: PMC7582771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of mortality among gynecological tumors. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) expression has been suggested to act as a tumor suppressor in epithelial ovarian cancer by reducing both tumor growth and metastasis. ERβ expression abnormalities represent a critical step in the development and progression of ovarian cancer: for these reasons, its re-expression by genetic engineering, as well as the use of targeted ERβ therapies, still constitute an important therapeutic approach. 3-{[2-chloro-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-methoxy-6-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl]methylene}-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, referred to here as compound 3, has been shown to have cytostatic as well cytotoxic effects on various hormone-dependent cancer cell lines. However, the mechanism of its anti-carcinogenic activity is not well understood. Here, we offer a possible explanation of such an effect in the human ovarian cancer cell line IGROV1. Chromatin binding protein assay and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry were exploited to localize and quantify compound 3 in cells. Molecular docking was used to prove compound 3 binding to ERβ. Mass spectrometry-based approaches were used to analyze histone post-translational modifications. Finally, gene expression analyses revealed a set of genes regulated by the ERβ/3 complex, namely CCND1, MYC, CDKN2A, and ESR2, providing possible molecular mechanisms that underline the observed antiproliferative effects.
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Shafrir AL, Babic A, Gates Kuliszewski M, Rice MS, Townsend MK, Hecht JL, Tworoger SS. Estrogen Receptor-β Expression of Ovarian Tumors and Its Association with Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2211-2219. [PMID: 32856599 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential associations between ovarian cancer risk factors and estrogen receptor-α (ERα) ovarian tumor expression have been noted; however, no research has assessed estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) expression. Thus, in exploratory analyses, we assessed the association of several factors with ovarian cancer risk by ERβ tumor status. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study within the prospective Nurses' Health Study cohorts (NHS/NHSII), with exposures collected through biennial questionnaires. Paraffin-embedded tumor blocks were requested for cases diagnosed from 1976 to 2006 (NHS) and 1989 to 2005 (NHSII) and tissue microarrays were stained for nuclear ERβ (ERβ-nuc) and cytoplasmic ERβ (ERβ-cyto), with any staining considered positive (+). We obtained odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multivariate polytomous logistic regression. RESULTS We included 245 cases [43% ERβ-cyto (+) and 71% ERβ-nuc (+)] and 1,050 matched controls. An inverse association was observed between parity and risk of ERβ-nuc (+) (OR, parous vs. nulliparous: 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26-0.81), but not ERβ-nuc (-) tumors (OR, parous vs. nulliparous: 1.51; 95% CI, 0.45-5.04; P heterogeneity = 0.04). Conversely, parity was inversely associated with ERβ-cyto (-) tumors (OR, parous vs. nulliparous: 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23-0.78), but was not associated with ERβ-cyto (+) tumors (OR, parous vs. nulliparous: 1.08; 95% CI, 0.45-2.63; P heterogeneity = 0.05). Associations for other exposures, including hormone therapy, did not differ by ERβ-nuc or ERβ-cyto status. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that parity may influence ovarian cancer risk, in part, through alterations in ERβ localization within tumor cells. IMPACT Alterations in ERβ expression and localization appear to be important for ovarian cancer etiology. Future research should confirm our results and assess potential biologic mechanisms for the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Shafrir
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Boston Center for Endometriosis, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ana Babic
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret Gates Kuliszewski
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Albany SUNY School of Public Health, Albany, New York
| | - Megan S Rice
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary K Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jonathan L Hecht
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Langdon SP, Herrington CS, Hollis RL, Gourley C. Estrogen Signaling and Its Potential as a Target for Therapy in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061647. [PMID: 32580290 PMCID: PMC7352420 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) has functionality in selected ovarian cancer subtypes and represents a potential target for therapy. The majority (>80%) of high grade serous, low grade serous and endometrioid carcinomas and many granulosa cell tumors express ER-alpha (ERα), and these tumor types have demonstrated responses to endocrine therapy (tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors) in multiple clinical studies. Biomarkers of responses to these drugs are actively being sought to help identify responsive cancers. Evidence for both pro-proliferative and pro-migratory roles for ERα has been obtained in model systems. ER-beta (ERβ) is generally considered to have a tumor suppressor role in ovarian cancer cells, being associated with the repression of cell growth and invasion. The differential expression of the specific ERβ isoforms may determine functionality within ovarian cancer cells. The more recently identified G protein-coupled receptor (GPER1; GPR30) has been shown to mediate both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting action in ovarian cancer cells, suggesting a more complex role. This review will summarize recent findings in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Langdon
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)131-651-8694
| | - C. Simon Herrington
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (R.L.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Robert L. Hollis
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (R.L.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Charlie Gourley
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (R.L.H.); (C.G.)
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22
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Alexandrova E, Pecoraro G, Sellitto A, Melone V, Ferravante C, Rocco T, Guacci A, Giurato G, Nassa G, Rizzo F, Weisz A, Tarallo R. An Overview of Candidate Therapeutic Target Genes in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061470. [PMID: 32512900 PMCID: PMC7352306 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) shows the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies and, because of the absence of specific symptoms, it is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, mainly due to the lack of specific and early biomarkers, such as those based on cancer molecular signature identification. Indeed, although significant progress has been made toward improving the clinical outcome of other cancers, rates of mortality for OC are essentially unchanged since 1980, suggesting the need of new approaches to identify and characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and progression of these malignancies. In addition, due to the low response rate and the high frequency of resistance to current treatments, emerging therapeutic strategies against OC focus on targeting single factors and pathways specifically involved in tumor growth and metastasis. To date, loss-of-function screenings are extensively applied to identify key drug targets in cancer, seeking for more effective, disease-tailored treatments to overcome lack of response or resistance to current therapies. We review here the information relative to essential genes and functional pathways recently discovered in OC, often strictly interconnected with each other and representing promising biomarkers and molecular targets to treat these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Giovanni Pecoraro
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Assunta Sellitto
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Viola Melone
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Carlo Ferravante
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
- Genomix4Life, via S. Allende 43/L, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Teresa Rocco
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
- Genomix4Life, via S. Allende 43/L, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Anna Guacci
- Genomix4Life, via S. Allende 43/L, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
- CRGS-Genome Research Center for Health, University of Salerno Campus of Medicine, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (R.T.); Tel.: +39-089-965043 (A.W.); +39-089-965067 (R.T.)
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (R.T.); Tel.: +39-089-965043 (A.W.); +39-089-965067 (R.T.)
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23
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Abstract
Females differ from males in incidence and clinical characteristics of colorectal cancer. Understanding the differences can lead to development of preventive approaches. To identify reproductive factors currently associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. Consecutively diagnosed female colorectal cancer cases and randomly chosen colorectal cancer-free controls matched on age/ethnicity/primary care clinic within the molecular epidemiology of colorectal cancer study, a population-based case-control study in Northern Israel, were included. A total of 2867 female cases and 2333 controls participated in this analysis. Participants were interviewed on reproductive history: ages at menarche, menopause, first birth, terminations of pregnancies, miscarriages, births, use of oral contraceptives. Among 5200 women, spontaneous miscarriages (odds ratio = 0.71, 0.61-0.83 for ever/never in Jews; odds ratio = 0.76, 0.53-1.08 in Arabs) and number of miscarriages, but not termination of pregnancies, as well as use, and duration of use, of oral contraceptives (Jews: odds ratio = 0.49, 0.39-0.62 for ever/never; Arabs: odds ratio = 0.14, 0.04-0.47) were strongly inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. Up to 5 pregnancies were associated with increased risk while ages at menarche, at menopause and at first birth were not associated with colorectal cancer risk. Miscarriages but not terminations of pregnancy or full-term pregnancies, and use of oral contraceptives, were strongly associated with reduced odds of developing colorectal cancer suggesting unique hormonal influences on colorectal cancer.
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24
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Maenhoudt N, Defraye C, Boretto M, Jan Z, Heremans R, Boeckx B, Hermans F, Arijs I, Cox B, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Vergote I, Van Rompuy AS, Lambrechts D, Timmerman D, Vankelecom H. Developing Organoids from Ovarian Cancer as Experimental and Preclinical Models. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:717-729. [PMID: 32243841 PMCID: PMC7160357 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) represents the most dismal gynecological cancer. Pathobiology is poorly understood, mainly due to lack of appropriate study models. Organoids, defined as self-developing three-dimensional in vitro reconstructions of tissues, provide powerful tools to model human diseases. Here, we established organoid cultures from patient-derived OC, in particular from the most prevalent high-grade serous OC (HGSOC). Testing multiple culture medium components identified neuregulin-1 (NRG1) as key factor in maximizing OC organoid development and growth, although overall derivation efficiency remained moderate (36% for HGSOC patients, 44% for all patients together). Established organoid lines showed patient tumor-dependent morphology and disease characteristics, and recapitulated the parent tumor's marker expression and mutational landscape. Moreover, the organoids displayed tumor-specific sensitivity to clinical HGSOC chemotherapeutic drugs. Patient-derived OC organoids provide powerful tools for the study of the cancer's pathobiology (such as importance of the NRG1/ERBB pathway) as well as advanced preclinical tools for (personalized) drug screening and discovery. Organoids are established from ovarian cancer (OC) Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) is identified as key component for OC organoid growth OC organoids capture disease hallmarks and recapitulate patient tumor characteristics OC organoids are amenable to drug screening and mechanistic (NRG1/ERBB) research
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Maenhoudt
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Defraye
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matteo Boretto
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ziga Jan
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Cluster Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Cancer Centre Carinthia, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Ruben Heremans
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Cluster Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florian Hermans
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Arijs
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoit Cox
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Cluster Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Cluster Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Van Rompuy
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Timmerman
- Cluster Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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25
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Haltia UM, Pihlajoki M, Andersson N, Mäkinen L, Tapper J, Cervera A, Horlings HM, Turpeinen U, Anttonen M, Bützow R, Unkila-Kallio L, Carpén O, Wilson DB, Heikinheimo M, Färkkilä A. Functional Profiling of FSH and Estradiol in Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumors. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa034. [PMID: 32309755 PMCID: PMC7153750 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-type granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs) are sex-cord derived neoplasms with a propensity for late relapse. Hormonal modulators have been used empirically in the treatment of recurrent AGCT, albeit with limited success. To provide a more rigorous foundation for hormonal therapy in AGCT, we used a multimodal approach to characterize the expressions of key hormone biomarkers in 175 tumor specimens and 51 serum samples using RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, RNA in situ hybridization, quantitative PCR, and circulating biomarker analysis, and correlated these results with clinical data. We show that FSH receptor and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) are highly expressed in the majority of AGCTs, whereas the expressions of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 are less prominent. ERβ protein expression is further increased in recurrent tumors. Aromatase expression levels show high variability between tumors. None of the markers examined served as prognostic biomarkers for progression-free or overall survival. In functional experiments, we assessed the effects of FSH, estradiol (E2), and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on AGCT cell viability using 2 in vitro models: KGN cells and primary cultures of AGCT cells. FSH increased cell viability in a subset of primary AGCT cells, whereas E2 had no effect on cell viability at physiological concentrations. Letrozole suppressed E2 production in AGCTs; however, it did not impact cell viability. We did not find preclinical evidence to support the clinical use of aromatase inhibitors in AGCT treatment, and thus randomized, prospective clinical studies are needed to clarify the role of hormonal treatments in AGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla-Maija Haltia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjut Pihlajoki
- Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Andersson
- Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Mäkinen
- Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Tapper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alejandra Cervera
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hugo M Horlings
- Department of Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, BE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ralf Bützow
- Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leila Unkila-Kallio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David B Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Hryciuk B, Pęksa R, Bieńkowski M, Szymanowski B, Radecka B, Winnik K, Żok J, Cichowska N, Iliszko M, Duchnowska R. Expression of Female Sex Hormone Receptors, Connective Tissue Growth Factor and HER2 in Gallbladder Cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1871. [PMID: 32024900 PMCID: PMC7002405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly malignant tumor with poorly understood etiology. An insight into phenotypic features of this malignancy may add to the knowledge of its carcinogenesis and pave the way to new therapeutic approaches. We assessed the expression of female sex hormone receptors (ERα, ERβ, PR), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and HER2 in GBC, and adjacent normal tissue (NT), and determined their prognostic impact. Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of all biomarkers was performed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens in 60 Caucasian GBC patients (51 women and 9 men). ERβ, cytoPR and CTGF expression were found in 89%, 27%, 91% of GBC, and in 63%, 87%, 100% of NT, respectively. No ERα expression was found in GBC and NT. Strong (3+) HER2 expression by IHC or HER2 amplification was seen in five GBC (10.4%). A positive correlation was found between HER2 and CTGF and ERβ expression in GBC and matched NT. In the multivariate analysis, patient age >70 years, tumor size and ERβ expression in GBC was highly predictive for OS (p = 0.003). The correlation between HER2, CTGF and ERβ expression in GBC and NT may indicate the interaction of these pathways in physiological processes and gallbladder pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Hryciuk
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Mazovian Center for Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Division III in Otwock, Otwock, Poland
| | - Rafał Pęksa
- Pathology Department, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Barbara Radecka
- University of Opole, Institute of Medical Science, Opole, Poland
| | - Kamil Winnik
- Pathology Department Provincial Specialist Hospital, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Żok
- Department of Chemotherapy, Center of Pulmonology and Chemotherapy, Szklarska Poręba, Poland
| | - Natalia Cichowska
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariola Iliszko
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Renata Duchnowska
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
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27
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Treeck O, Schüler-Toprak S, Skrzypczak M, Weber F, Ortmann O. Knockdown of PTEN decreases expression of estrogen receptor β and tamoxifen sensitivity of human breast cancer cells. Steroids 2020; 153:108521. [PMID: 31604073 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) and the PTEN-Akt-mTor pathway are important growth regulators in human breast cancer cells, which both are known to affect response to tamoxifen therapy. Recently it was reported that ERβ activates PTEN expression and tamoxifen sensitivity of human breast cancer cells. In this study we examined whether expression of ERβ in turn might be affected by tumor suppressor PTEN, analyzed the effect of this interaction on tamoxifen response and the co-expression of both genes in human breast cancer samples. After siRNA-mediated PTEN knockdown, Western blot analysis revealed a reduction of ERβ protein expression by 67.2% in MCF-7 cells and by 73.6% in T-47D cells (both p < 0.01), results which could be verified on the mRNA level. In cells with normal PTEN and ERβ status, after 6 days of treatment with 1 µM 4-OH tamoxifen, E2-driven proliferation was decreased by 64.5% in MCF-7 and by 57.7% in T-47D cells (both p < 0.01). After knockdown of PTEN expression, the same concentration of 4-OH TAM reduced E2-triggered growth only by 34.9% (MCF-7) and by 41.8% (T-47D) (both p < 0.01 vs control siRNA). Importantly, treatment with ERβ agonist DPN (5 nM) significantly decreased the inhibitory effect of a PTEN knockdown on tamoxifen response of both cell lines (p < 0.05). Additionally, Spearmańs rank association analysis of PTEN and ERβ 1 mRNA levels in 115 normal and malignant breast tissue samples revealed a strong positive correlation of both genes (rho = 0.6085, p < 0.0001). The data of previous studies reporting an important role of ERβ in tamoxifen sensitivity and our findings suggest down-regulation of ERβ triggered by PTEN knockdown contributed to the decreased response of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen observed in this study. Our data also suggest expression of ERβ might be maintained by tumor suppressor PTEN in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Treeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Schüler-Toprak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Skrzypczak
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Florian Weber
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Zhang Y, Yin C, Zhou X, Wu Y, Wang L. Silencing of estrogen receptor β promotes the invasion and migration of osteosarcoma cells through activating Wnt signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6779-6788. [PMID: 31692529 PMCID: PMC6710541 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s219222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the specific roles of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) on the invasion and migration of osteosarcoma (OS) cells and explore the regulatory mechanisms relating with Wnt signaling pathway. Methods The expression of ERβ was detected in human OS tissues by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. U2-OS cells were transfected with siRNA-ERβ (si-ERβ) to downregulate ERβ and treated with FH535 to inhibit Wnt signaling. The migration and invasion ability was detected by scratch and transwell assay, respectively. The expression of β-catenin, MMP-7, and MMP-9 was detected by Western blot. Subcutaneous tumor-bearing model was established by injection of U2-OS cells into mice, and the tumor volumes were measured. Orthotopic transplantation model was established by transplantation of tumor tissues into the liver of mice, and the metastatic tumors were counted. Results ERβ was downregulated in human OS tissues and U2-OS cells. The transfection of si-ERβ significantly increased the scratch healing rate; the number of invasion cells; and the expression of β-catenin, MMP-7, and MMP-9 in U2-OS cells. The injection of si-ERβ-transfected U2-OS cells into mice significantly increased the subcutaneous tumor volume; the expression of β-catenin, MMP-7, and MMP-9; and the number of metastatic tumors in liver tissues. The promoting effects of si-ERβ on the invasion and migration of U2-OS cells were significantly reversed by FH535 in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Silencing of ERβ promotes the invasion and migration of OS cells via activating Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province 332000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchang Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province 332000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xufeng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province 332000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahua Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province 332000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province 332000, People's Republic of China
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Overexpression of ERβ inhibits the proliferation through regulating TNG-β signaling pathway in osteosarcoma. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152568. [PMID: 31383536 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the potential anti-tumor effect of ERβ overexpression and investigate its related mechanism in osteosarcoma. Cell cycle and apoptosis rates were measured by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation and formation of autophagosome were assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and dansylcadaverine (MDC) staining assay. Cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing assay and transwell assay. Western blot analysis was designed to detect the protein expressions of surviving, Bax, LC-3 П, Beclin-1, ERβ, TβRⅠ, TβRⅡ, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7. Real-Time fluorogenic PCR was designed to examine the mRNA expressions of surviving, Bax, ERβ, TβRⅠ, TβRII, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7. The results showed that ERβ overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, blocked cell cycle, and induced apoptosis and autophagy. Additionally, ERβ overexpression significantly inhibited the expression of surviving, TβRⅠ, TβRⅡ, Smad2 and Smad3. Meanwhile, the expressions of Bax, LC-3 П, Beclin-1 and Smad7 were dramatically upregulated by ERβ overexpression. In conclusion, ERβ overexpression could inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion, block cell cycle, and promote apoptosis and autophagy in OS by downregulating TNG-β signaling pathway.
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Knockdown of estrogen receptor β increases proliferation and affects the transcriptome of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:745. [PMID: 31357971 PMCID: PMC6664594 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) has been repeatedly suggested to play important roles in hormone-dependent cancer like in tumors of the breast, ovary or prostate. In this study, we intended to further elucidate its role in endometrial cancer. Methods For this purpose, we knocked down ERβ expression in two endometrial cancer cell lines, the ERα-negative/ERβ-positive line HEC-1A and the ERα/β-positive cell line RL95/2, by means of siRNA transfection. Cell proliferation after transfection was assessed using the fluorescent CTB Assay (Promega). In order to elucidate possible molecular mechanisms which might underlie the effect on proliferation, we performed transcriptome analyses by means of human Affymetrix Human Gene Chip 2.0. Additionally, we treated the employed cell lines with different ERβ modulators to examine their effect on proliferation. Results siRNA-mediated knockdown of ERβ significantly increased proliferation of both endometrial cancer cell lines. In HEC-1A cells, proliferation was significantly increased 4, 5 and 6 days after transfection, with a maximum of about 1.7-fold (p < 0.05) on day 6. Endometrial RL95/2 cells with an ERβ knockdown exhibited a clearly enhanced proliferation on day 3 and days 4 to 8, when even 2.4-fold higher numbers of viable cells were detected (p < 0.01). Transcriptome analysis revealed that this was accompanied by increased expression of several genes being known to be upregulated in cancer, including proliferation-associated genes and oncogenes, and by repression of genes associated with differentiation, apoptosis or growth inhibition. Corroborating the observed knockdown effects, treatment with the ERβ antagonists PHTTP and (R, R) THC was also able to induce proliferation of both cell lines. Conclusions Our data clearly support the putative role of ERβ as tumor suppressor in endometrium as previously suggested in studies on other tissues and encourage further studies to find out to what extent this molecule might be a potential therapy target in this cancer entity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5928-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ponandai-Srinivasan S, Andersson KL, Nister M, Saare M, Hassan HA, Varghese SJ, Peters M, Salumets A, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Lalitkumar PGL. Aberrant expression of genes associated with stemness and cancer in endometria and endometrioma in a subset of women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:1924-1938. [PMID: 30020448 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there molecular evidence for a link between endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers (EAOC)? STUDY ANSWER We identified aberrant gene expression signatures associated with malignant transformation in a small subgroup of women with ovarian endometriosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of EAOC in women with ovarian endometriosis. However, the cellular and molecular changes leading to EAOC are largely unexplored. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION CD73+CD90+CD105+ multipotent stem cells/progenitors (SC cohort) were isolated from endometrium (n = 18) and endometrioma (n = 11) of endometriosis patients as well as from the endometrium of healthy women (n = 14). Extensive phenotypic and functional analyses were performed in vitro on expanded multipotent stem cells/progenitors to confirm their altered characteristics. Aberrant gene signatures were also validated in paired-endometrium and -endometrioma tissue samples from another cohort (Tissue cohort, n = 19) of endometriosis patients. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS Paired-endometrial and -endometriotic biopsies were obtained from women with endometriosis (ASRM stage III-IV) undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Control endometria were obtained from healthy volunteers. Isolated CD73+CD90+CD105+ SC were evaluated for the presence of known endometrial surface markers, colony forming efficiency, multi-lineage differentiation, cell cycle distribution and 3D-spheroid formation capacity. Targeted RT-PCR arrays, along with hierarchical and multivariate clustering tools, were used to determine both intergroup and intragroup gene expression variability for stem cell and cancer-associated markers, in both SC+ and tissue cohorts. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Isolated and expanded SC+ from both control and patient groups showed significantly higher surface expression of W5C5+, clonal expansion and 3D-spheroid formation capacity (P < 0.05) compared with SC-. The SC+ cells also undergo mesenchymal lineage differentiation, unlike SC-. Gene expression from paired-endometriosis samples showed significant downregulation of PTEN, ARID1A and TNFα (P < 0.05) in endometrioma compared with paired-endometrium SC+ samples. Hierarchical and multivariate clustering from both SC+ and tissue cohorts together identified 4 out of 30 endometrioma samples with aberrant expression of stem cell and cancer-associated genes, such as KIT, HIF2α and E-cadherin, altered expression ratio of ER-β/ER-α and downregulation of tumour suppressor genes (PTEN and ARID1A). Thus, we speculate that above changes may be potentially relevant to the development of EAOC. LARGE-SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION As the reported frequency of EAOC is very low, we did not have access to those samples in our study. Moreover, by adopting a targeted gene array approach, we might have missed several other potentially-relevant genes associated with EAOC pathogenesis. The above panel of markers should be further validated in archived tissue samples from women with endometriosis who later in life developed EAOC. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Knowledge gained from this study, with further confirmation on EAOC cases, may help in developing screening methods to identify women with increased risk of EAOC. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study is funded by the Swedish Research Council (2012-2844), a joint grant from Stockholm County and Karolinska Institutet (ALF), RGD network at Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Institutet for doctoral education (KID), Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (IUT34-16), Enterprise Estonia (EU48695), Horizon 2020 innovation program (WIDENLIFE, 692065), European Union's FP7 Marie Curie Industry-Academia Partnerships and Pathways funding (IAPP, SARM, EU324509) and MSCA-RISE-2015 project MOMENDO (691058). All authors have no competing interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivignesh Ponandai-Srinivasan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin L Andersson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Territorial Health, Central Tuscany Healthcare, Piero Palagi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Nister
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Merli Saare
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Halima A Hassan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suby J Varghese
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maire Peters
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Parameswaran Grace Luther Lalitkumar
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Froehlich K, Schmidt A, Heger JI, Al-Kawlani B, Aberl CA, Jeschke U, Loibl S, Markert UR. Breast cancer, placenta and pregnancy. Eur J Cancer 2019; 115:68-78. [PMID: 31121525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies during pregnancy. Tumours often present characteristics of high malignancy and are hormone receptor negative/HER2 positive or triple negative. In general, pregnancy, including the postpartum period, is associated with a transiently increased risk of developing breast cancer but followed by a long-lasting protective period. Placental metastases are very rare and, thus far, breast cancer metastases in the foetal compartment have not been described. To discuss these apparently contradictory observations, this narrative review resumes immunological and hormonal alterations during pregnancy potentially affecting breast cancer risk as well as tumour growth and behaviour. OBSERVATIONS Upregulation of breast cancer-associated genes involved in immunological and reproductive processes has been observed in parous women and is potentially responsible for a transiently increased risk in pregnancy. In contrast, maternal immunisation and immunoglobulin production against antigens expressed on trophoblast cells, such as specific glycosylation patterns of mucin-1 or RCAS1-associated truncated glycans, seem to prevent breast cancer development in later years. Animal and human studies indicate that T cells are involved in these processes. Several placenta-derived factors, especially kisspeptin, have direct anti-tumour effects. The pregnancy-related increase of estrogen, progesterone, and other hormones influence growth and characteristics of breast cancer while the role of further placenta-secreted factors is still controversially discussed. CONCLUSION Several factors and cells are involved in altered breast cancer risk during and after pregnancy and have potential for developing novel treatment strategies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Froehlich
- University Hospital Jena, Department of Obstetrics, Placenta Lab, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - André Schmidt
- University Hospital Jena, Department of Obstetrics, Placenta Lab, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Isabell Heger
- University Hospital Jena, Department of Obstetrics, Placenta Lab, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Boodor Al-Kawlani
- University Hospital Jena, Department of Obstetrics, Placenta Lab, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Caroline Anna Aberl
- LMU München, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- LMU München, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Group, c/o GBG-Forschungs GmbH, Martin-Behaim-Str 12, 63263, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Udo Rudolf Markert
- University Hospital Jena, Department of Obstetrics, Placenta Lab, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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Ghasemi A, Saeidi J, Mohtashami M, Hashemy SI. Estrogen-independent role of ERα in ovarian cancer progression induced by leptin/Ob-Rb axis. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 458:207-217. [PMID: 31077012 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leptin induces ovarian cancer cell invasion via overexpression of MMP7, MMP9, and upA. In addition, the key role of ERα in leptin-increased cell growth was indicated. However, the influence of ER on leptin-mediated cell invasion remains still unknown. The present study was designed to evaluate the E2-independent effect of ERα/β on leptin-mediated cell invasion and cell proliferation in ovarian cancer. We utilized SKOV3 cancer (expressing OB-Rb and ERα/β, insensitive to estrogen) and OVCAR3 (expressing OB-Rb) cell lines to show the involvement of ER in leptin-mediated effects in an E2-independent manner. MTT, BrdU, and BD matrigel invasion assays were applied to analyze cell growth, proliferation, and invasion. The siRNA approach was used to confirm the role of ERα/β in leptin effects. Moreover, western blotting and Real-time PCR were employed to detect the OB-Rb, ER, MMP9/7, and upA proteins and mRNAs. Leptin, in the absence of E2, increased ERα expression in SKOV3 cells, which was attenuated using knockdown of OB-Rb gene by siRNA. The effect of leptin on the cell growth was promoted in the presence of PPT, but not in the presence of DNP and E2, which was lost when OB-Rb siRNA was transfected. Furthermore, ERα gene silencing and/or pre-incubation with ER antagonist (ICI 182,780, 10 nM) significantly reduced cell invasion and MMP9 expression stimulated by leptin. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that ERα, but not ERβ, is involved in leptin-induced ovarian cancer in an E2-independent manner, providing new evidence for cancer progression in obesity-associated ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghasemi
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Jafar Saeidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Mohtashami
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Atef A, El-Rashidy MA, Elzayat S, Kabel AM. The prognostic value of sex hormone receptors expression in laryngeal carcinoma. Tissue Cell 2019; 57:84-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang S, Cao L, Wang ZR, Li Z, Ma J. Anti-cancer effect of toosendanin and its underlying mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2019; 21:270-283. [PMID: 29629572 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1451516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Toosendanin (TSN) is a triterpenoid purified from the medicinal herb Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc and has been used as an insecticide for decades. Recent studies have attracted increasing interest of TSN due to its novel anti-cancer effect in diverse cancer models. The broad spectrum anti-cancer activity suggests that TSN inhibits multiple pathways/targets that are critical for cancer cell survival and proliferation. Our recent study indicated that TSN has anti-cancer effect in glioblastoma through induction of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and p53. This review highlights the anti-cancer efficacy of TSN and provides proof-of-principle insight into the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhang
- a Department of Basic Medicine , Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xianyang 712046 , China
| | - Liang Cao
- b Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , China
| | - Zong-Ren Wang
- b Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , China
| | - Zhe Li
- c Second Clinical Medical College , Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xianyang 712046 , China
| | - Jing Ma
- b Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , China
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Anestis A, Sarantis P, Theocharis S, Zoi I, Tryfonopoulos D, Korogiannos A, Koumarianou A, Xingi E, Thomaidou D, Kontos M, Papavassiliou AG, Karamouzis MV. Estrogen receptor beta increases sensitivity to enzalutamide in androgen receptor-positive triple-negative breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1221-1233. [PMID: 30805773 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Androgen receptor (AR) is playing an important role in the progression of a subset of TNBC. We evaluated the impact of ERβ expression along with anti-AR drugs in AR-positive TNBC. METHODS ERβ expression was examined in AR-positive TNBC cell line using MTT assay, scratch and Annexin V-FITC assay in the presence or absence of anti-androgens. Protein levels of involved molecules were assessed using Western blot. Receptors' localization was detected by immunofluorescence and their physical association was examined using proximity ligation assay (PLA), which enables the visualization of interacting proteins in fixed cells and tissues. RESULTS Transient transfection of ERβ in MDA-MB 453 AR-positive TNBC cell line significantly inhibited cell proliferation, metastatic potential and induced apoptosis. ERβ expression reversed the aggravating role of AR in both indirect and direct ways. Indirectly, ERβ decreased AR activation through the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Directly, ERβ formed heterodimers with AR in MDA-MB 453 cells and in human tissue samples impeding AR from forming homodimers. Enzalutamide is a more potent anti-androgen in AR + TNBC compared to bicalutamide. ERβ expression increased the sensitivity of MDA-MB 453 cells to anti-androgens and especially to enzalutamide. The administration of enzalutamide enhanced AR:ERβ heterodimers formation increasing the anti-tumor capacity of ERβ. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results provide evidence for a novel mechanism by which ERβ exerts oncosuppressive effect in AR-positive TBNC through direct and indirect interactions with AR. Moreover, ERβ expression may identify a new subset of TNBC that would respond more favorable to anti-androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristomenis Anestis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilianna Zoi
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Anna Koumarianou
- Hematology Oncology Unit, Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Xingi
- Light Microscopy Unit, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michalis Kontos
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Gulliver LSM. In Vivo Quantitation of Estrogen Receptor β Subtype Expression in Ovarian Surface Epithelium Using Immunofluorescence Profiling and Confocal Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1966:27-38. [PMID: 31041737 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9195-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, chromogen label, and light microscopy has traditionally been used to semiquantify estrogen receptor (ER) to guide diagnosis and management of breast cancer. Quantitation of ER for this purpose currently only assesses levels of the ER-alpha subtype. Considerable variability in results reported has been due to protocol and fixation variability, intraobserver and interobserver variability, and different scoring systems and thresholds for scoring ER positivity. Results can also vary with low expression levels of ER. ER-beta expression is reduced in breast and ovarian cancers and requires quantitation.Herein we describe a novel approach to quantifying ERβ using older mouse ovarian surface epithelium, where ERβ is expressed at lower levels than ERα and is therefore harder to detect. We use an antibody highly specific to the ERβ1 isoform, together with immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, and imaging and statistical software to achieve clear, reproducible, and unbiased quantitation of ERβ.
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Shin YY, Kang EJ, Jeong JS, Kim MJ, Jung EM, Jeung EB, An BS. Pregnenolone as a potential candidate for hormone therapy for female reproductive disorders targeting ERβ. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 86:109-117. [PMID: 30411422 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many steroid hormones such as estrogen (E2) bind to their receptors for the regulation of biological processes. Pregnenolone (P5) is the precursor form of almost all steroid hormones and is often used to treat skin disorders and neurological complications. However, the mechanism and physiological function of P5 in reproductive organs are not well established. In this study, we investigated the effects of P5 on activation and expression of E2 receptor (ER) in the uteri and ovaries. To study the mechanism of P5 directly, Ishikawa cells were transfected with E2 response element (ERE)-luciferase plasmid and isoforms of ER. ERE-luciferase activity induced by P5 was similar to that induced by E2, and P5 showed high activity for ERβ without any relevance to P5-metabolizing hormones such as progesterone (P4) and E2. In an animal study, immature female rats treated with P5 showed upregulation of ERα and downregulation of ERβ in the uteri, which is the main organ expressing ERα. In ERβ-expressing organ ovaries, estrogen receptor 1, estrogen receptor 2, and P4 receptor were all downregulated by P5 and E2. Also, a decrease of ovarian cell proliferation and viability was observed in response to P5 relative to the control, suggesting that P5 may be a candidate for antiproliferative hormone of ovarian cancer. These findings suggest that P5 stimulates ERE promoter by ERβ-mediated signaling in the uteri and ovaries. Activation of ERβ by P5 may help in understanding the mechanism of ER-related female reproductive diseases such as endometriosis and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Young Shin
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Sic Jeong
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Man Jung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Beum-Soo An
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam, Republic of Korea
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Cipolletti M, Solar Fernandez V, Montalesi E, Marino M, Fiocchetti M. Beyond the Antioxidant Activity of Dietary Polyphenols in Cancer: the Modulation of Estrogen Receptors (ERs) Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2624. [PMID: 30189583 PMCID: PMC6165334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential "health benefits" of dietary polyphenols have been ascribed to their direct antioxidant activity and their impact on the regulation of cell and tissue redox balance. However, because of the relative poor bioavailability of many of these compounds, their effects could not be easily explained by the antioxidant action, which may occur only at high circulating and tissue concentrations. Therefore, many efforts have been put forward to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlining the biological effect of polyphenols in physiological and pathological conditions. Polyphenols' bioavailability, metabolism, and their effects on enzyme, membrane, and/or nuclear receptors and intracellular transduction mechanisms may define the overall impact of these compounds on cancer risk and progression, which is still debated and not yet clarified. Polyphenols are able to bind to estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ), and therefore induce biological effects in human cells through mimicking or inhibiting the action of endogenous estrogens, even at low concentrations. In this work, the role and effects of food-contained polyphenols in hormone-related cancers will be reviewed, mainly focusing on the different polyphenols' mechanisms of action with particular attention on their estrogen receptor-based effects, and on the consequences of such processes on tumor progression and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cipolletti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
| | | | - Emiliano Montalesi
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
| | - Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
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Tyagi N, Song YH, De R. Recent progress on biocompatible nanocarrier-based genistein delivery systems in cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2018; 27:394-407. [PMID: 30124078 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1514040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diets with naturally occuring chemopreventive agents are showing good potentials in serving dual purposes: firstly, for maintaining health, and secondly, for emerging as most puissant cost-effective strategy against chronic diseases like cancer. Genistein, one of the active soy isoflavone, is gaining attention due to its ability to impede carcinogenic processes by regulating wide range of associated molecules and signalling mechanisms. Epidemiologic and preclinical evidences suggest that sufficient consumption of soy-based food having genistein can be correlated to the reduction of cancer risk. However, certain adverse effects like poor oral bioavailability, low aqueous solubility and inefficient pharmacokinetics have pushed it down in the list of phytoconstituents currently undergoing successful clinical trials. In order to maximise the utilisation of therapeutic benefits of this phytoestrogen, suitable drug carrier designs are required. Recently, nanocarriers, mainly composed of polymeric materials, are progressively and innovatively exploited with the aim to improve pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of genistein. Here, we have briefly reviewed (a) the targeted molecular mechanisms of geinstein, (b) nanopolymeric approaches opted so far in designing carriers and (c) the reasons behind their restricted clinical applications. Finally, some mechanism-based approaches are proposed presenting genistein as the future paradigm in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Tyagi
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Yo Han Song
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Ranjit De
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
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Vengoji R, Macha MA, Batra SK, Shonka NA. Natural products: a hope for glioblastoma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22194-22219. [PMID: 29774132 PMCID: PMC5955138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors with an overall dismal survival averaging one year despite multimodality therapeutic interventions including surgery, radiotherapy and concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy. Few drugs are FDA approved for GBM, and the addition of temozolomide (TMZ) to standard therapy increases the median survival by only 2.5 months. Targeted therapy appeared promising in in vitro monolayer cultures, but disappointed in preclinical and clinical trials, partly due to the poor penetration of drugs through the blood brain barrier (BBB). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have intrinsic resistance to initial chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and acquire further resistance via deregulation of many signaling pathways. Due to the failure of classical chemotherapies and targeted drugs, research efforts focusing on the use of less toxic agents have increased. Interestingly, multiple natural compounds have shown antitumor and apoptotic effects in TMZ resistant and p53 mutant GBM cell lines and also displayed synergistic effects with TMZ. In this review, we have summarized the current literature on natural products or product analogs used to modulate the BBB permeability, induce cell death, eradicate CSCs and sensitize GBM to CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nicole A. Shonka
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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Yang M, Liu B, Jin L, Tao H, Yang Z. Estrogen receptor β exhibited anti-tumor effects on osteosarcoma cells by regulating integrin, IAP, NF-kB/BCL-2 and PI3K/Akt signal pathway. J Bone Oncol 2017; 9:15-20. [PMID: 29071206 PMCID: PMC5651467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) on osteosarcoma cells, and explore the regulatory mechanisms involved in this process. Osteosarcoma U2-OS cells consisted four groups, and treated by E2, E2 + LY294002 (ERβ agonists), E2 + ERβ siRNA, E2 + ERβ siRNA + LY294002, respectively. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to detect the cell viability of U2-OS cells in each group. The effects of ERβ on the migration and invasion ability of U2-OS cells were examined by wound healing assay and transwell cell culture chamber, respectively. The expression of Inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) and integrin α5 in U2-OS cells of each group was detected by quantitative RT-PCR, and the expression of phosphorylated p65 (p-p65), p-AKT and Bcl-2 was detected by western blotting. The cell viability, migration and invasion ability of U2-OS cells were significantly increased by ERβ siRNA, but inhibited by ERβ agonists LY294002 (p < 0.05). ERβ siRNA significantly downregulated Integrin α5 and unregulated IAP in U2-OS cells (p < 0.05). The expression of p-p65, p-AKT and Bcl-2 was significantly reduced by LY294002, but increased by ERβ siRNA (p < 0.05). In conclusion, ERβ exhibited obvious anti-tumor effects on osteosarcoma cells by regulating integrin, IAP, NF-kBBCL-2 and PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfei Yang
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Libin Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Huimin Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Zhengming Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
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Novel oestrogen receptor β-selective ligand reduces obesity and depressive-like behaviour in ovariectomized mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4663. [PMID: 28680060 PMCID: PMC5498485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormonal changes due to menopause can cause various health problems including weight gain and depressive symptoms. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that oestrogen receptors (ERs) play a major role in postmenopausal obesity and depression. However, little is known regarding the ER subtype-specific effects on obesity and depressive symptoms. To delineate potential effects of ERβ activation in postmenopausal women, we investigated the effects of a novel oestrogen receptor β-selective ligand (C-1) in ovariectomized mice. Uterine weight, depressive behaviour, and weight gain were examined in sham-operated control mice and ovariectomized mice administered placebo, C-1, or 17β-oestradiol (E2). Administration of C-1 or E2 reduced body weight gain and depressive-like behaviour in ovariectomized mice, as assessed by the forced swim test. In addition, administration of E2 to ovariectomized mice increased uterine weight, but administration of C-1 did not result in a significant increase in uterine weight. These results suggest that the selective activation of ERβ in ovariectomized mice may have protective effects against obesity and depressive-like behaviour without causing an increase in uterine weight. The present findings raise the possibility of the application of ERβ-ligands such as C-1 as a novel treatment for obesity and depression in postmenopausal women.
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Oueslati M, Bittaieb I, Sassi N, Jemaa AB, Gamoudi A, Rahal K, Oueslati R. ERα and ERβ co-expression: An indicator of aggressive tumors and hormonal sensitivity. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1675-1682. [PMID: 28808484 PMCID: PMC5542036 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ are important factors in breast cancer progression. Nevertheless, the molecular interplay between ERα and ERβ and its clinical significance in breast cancer is controversial. The establishment of a clear association is required; therefore, the current study analyzed the expression patterns of ERα and ERβ in 32 breast tumor tissues using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and the Ki-67 status were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that the ERα and ERβ expression rates recorded were 68 and 65%, respectively. The ERα:ERβ ratio exhibited a decline along with disease progression. ERα and ERβ were found to be negatively correlated with HER2 status but positively correlated with Ki-67. Co-expression of ERα and ERβ was associated with breast cancer aggressiveness, including higher histological grade and positive nodal status, which commonly occur following the menopause. In addition, in cases where ERβ was coexpressed with ERα, HER2 expression was frequently found to be negative, whereas the Ki-67 index was upregulated. These data suggest that ERα and ERβ co-expression may be an indicator of tumor aggressiveness and the sensitivity of hormonal therapy via the downregulation of HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Oueslati
- Unit of Immunology, Environmental Microbiology and Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Bittaieb
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Saleh Azeiz Oncology Institute, Beb Saadoun, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Sassi
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Awatef Ben Jemaa
- Unit of Immunology, Environmental Microbiology and Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Amor Gamoudi
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Saleh Azeiz Oncology Institute, Beb Saadoun, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Rahal
- Cancer Surgery Service, Saleh Azeiz Oncology Institute, Beb Saadoun, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Oueslati
- Unit of Immunology, Environmental Microbiology and Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
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Effect of estrogen receptor β agonists on proliferation and gene expression of ovarian cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:319. [PMID: 28482871 PMCID: PMC5422944 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen receptor (ER) β has been suggested to affect ovarian carcinogenesis. We examined the effects of four ERβ agonists on proliferation and gene expression of two ovarian cancer cell lines. Methods OVCAR-3 and OAW-42 ovarian cancer cells were treated with the ERβ agonists ERB-041, WAY200070, Liquiritigenin and 3β-Adiol and cell growth was measured by means of the Cell Titer Blue Assay (Promega). ERβ expression was knocked down by transfection with specific siRNA. Additionally, transcriptome analyses were performed by means of Affymetrix GeneChip arrays. To confirm the results of DNA microarray analysis, Western blot experiments were performed. Results All ERβ agonists tested significantly decreased proliferation of OVCAR-3 and OAW-42 cells at a concentration of 10 nM. Maximum antiproliferative effects were induced by flavonoid Liquiritigenin, which inhibited growth of OVCAR-3 cells by 31.2% after 5 days of treatment, and ERB-041 suppressing proliferation of the same cell line by 29.1%. In OAW-42 cells, maximum effects were observed after treatment with the ERβ agonist WAY200070, inhibiting cell growth by 26.8%, whereas ERB-041 decreased proliferation by 24.4%. In turn, knockdown of ERβ with specific siRNA increased cell growth of OAW-42 cells about 1.9-fold. Transcriptome analyses revealed a set of genes regulated by ERβ agonists including ND6, LCN1 and PTCH2, providing possible molecular mechanisms underlying the observed antiproliferative effects. Conclusion In conclusion, the observed growth-inhibitory effects of all ERβ agonists on ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro encourage further studies to test their possible use in the clinical setting.
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Choi JY, Han HH, Kim YT, Lee JH, Kim BG, Kang S, Cho NH. Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Sub-Typing by ARID1A Expression. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:59-66. [PMID: 27873496 PMCID: PMC5122653 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Loss of AT-rich DNA-interacting domain 1A (ARID1A) has been identified as a driving mutation of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (O-CCC), a triple-negative ovarian cancer that is intermediary between serous and endometrioid subtypes, in regards to molecular and clinical behaviors. However, about half of O-CCCs still express BAF250a, the protein encoded by ARID1A. Herein, we aimed to identify signatures of ARID1A-positive O-CCC in comparison with its ARID1A-negative counterpart. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy cases of O-CCC were included in this study. Histologic grades and patterns of primary tumor, molecular marker immunohistochemistry profiles, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Forty-eight (69%) O-CCCs did not express BAF250a, which were designated as "ARID1A-negative." The other 22 (31%) O-CCCs were designated as "ARID1A-positive." ARID1A-positive tumors were more likely to be histologically of high grades (41% vs. 10%, p=0.003), ERβ-positive (45% vs. 17%, p=0.011), and less likely to be HNF1β-positive (77% vs. 96%, p=0.016) and E-cadherin-positive (59% vs. 83%, p=0.028) than ARID1A-negative tumors. Patient age, parity, tumor stage were not significantly different in between the two groups. Cancer-specific survival was not significantly different either. CONCLUSION We classified O-CCCs according to ARID1A expression status. ARID1A-positive O-CCCs exhibited distinct immunohistochemical features from ARID1A-negative tumors, suggesting a different underlying molecular event during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Choi
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Han
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baek Gil Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suki Kang
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute (SBSI), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute (SBSI), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Langdon SP, Gourley C, Gabra H, Stanley B. Endocrine therapy in epithelial ovarian cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 17:109-117. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2017.1272414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Langdon
- Division of Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charlie Gourley
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hani Gabra
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara Stanley
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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Cao L, Qu D, Wang H, Zhang S, Jia C, Shi Z, Wang Z, Zhang J, Ma J. Toosendanin Exerts an Anti-Cancer Effect in Glioblastoma by Inducing Estrogen Receptor β- and p53-Mediated Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111928. [PMID: 27869737 PMCID: PMC5133924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor with median survival of approximately one year. This dismal poor prognosis is due to resistance to currently available chemotherapeutics; therefore, new cytotoxic agents are urgently needed. In the present study, we reported the cytotoxicity of toosendanin (TSN) in the GBM U87 and C6 cell lines in vitro and in vivo. By using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay, flow cytometry analysis, and Western blot, we found that TSN inhibited U87 and C6 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis at a concentration as low as 10 nM. Administration of TSN also reduced tumor burden in a xenograft model of athymic nude mice. Pharmacological and molecular studies suggested that estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and p53 were prominent targets for TSN. GBM cell apoptosis induced by TSN was a stepwise biological event involving the upregulation of ERβ and contextual activation of functional p53. Collectively, our study indicates, for the first time, that TSN is a candidate of novel anti-cancer drugs for GBM. Furthermore, ERβ and p53 could act as predictive biomarkers for the sensitivity of cancer to TSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Dingding Qu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Sha Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Chenming Jia
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zixuan Shi
- Department of Acupuncture, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zongren Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Chang-Lee SN, Hsu HH, Shibu MA, Ho TJ, Tsai CH, Chen MC, Tu CC, Viswanadha VP, Kuo WW, Huang CY. E 2/ERβ Inhibits PPARα to Regulate Cell-Proliferation and Enhance Apoptosis in Hep3B-Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 23:477-485. [PMID: 27757837 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily involved in hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents. In previous studies on liver tumor tissues, PPARα mRNA expression was found to be significantly higher and overexpression of ERα inhibited the PPARα expression, cell-proliferation and also induced apoptosis in Hep3B cell. However, the role of ERβ is not known yet. Therefore, the aim of this study is to define the role of ERβ on PPARα in Hep3B cells. The effect of PPARα signaling cascade were monitored by inducing Hep3B cells by fenofibrate. Further the cells were transfected with pCMV-ERβ and the consequences of ERβ-overexpression on the PPARα induced changes such as enhanced cell-proliferation and suppressed apoptosis were determined using western blot analysis and TUNEL assay. The EMSA was used to identify whether ERβ modulates PPARα expression by binding to PPARα promoter region to repress PPARα promoter activity. In addition, the direct interaction between ERβ and PPARα proteins was verified by co-immunoprecipitation assay. Our results show that the overexpressed ERβ not only attenuated the effects of fenofibrate to induce the levels of apoptosis protein such as Cyt.c, Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 but also inhibited the levels of survival protein such Bcl-xL, p-Bad, cyclin A and cyclin E. All these effects of E2/ERβ resulted in the enhancement of mitochondria dependent apoptotic pathway and the attenuation of cell proliferation. Moreover, the overexpressed ERβ reduced the mRNA and protein levels of PPARα and its downstream Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO). EMSA results show that ERβ directly binds to PPRE and inhibit PPARα gene expression and according to immunoprecipitation assay ERβ also binds strongly with PPARα. The E2/ERβ further inhibited the fenofibrate-induced nuclear translocation of PPARα. Taken together, ERβ might directly downregulate PPARα gene expression and inhibit the nuclear translocation to suppress the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of Hep3B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Nu Chang-Lee
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 104, Taiwan
- Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, 11260, Taiwan
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Department, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, 651, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chou Tu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Force General Hospital, Taichung, 411, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei- Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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Wesołowska M, Pawlik P, Jagodziński P. The clinicopathologic significance of estrogen receptors in human gastric carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:314-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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