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Mechetin GV, Zharkov DO. DNA Damage Response and Repair in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:127. [PMID: 36672868 PMCID: PMC9859301 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an approach to the radiotherapy of solid tumors that was first outlined in the 1930s but has attracted considerable attention recently with the advent of a new generation of neutron sources. In BNCT, tumor cells accumulate 10B atoms that react with epithermal neutrons, producing energetic α particles and 7Li atoms that damage the cell's genome. The damage inflicted by BNCT appears not to be easily repairable and is thus lethal for the cell; however, the molecular events underlying the action of BNCT remain largely unaddressed. In this review, the chemistry of DNA damage during BNCT is outlined, the major mechanisms of DNA break sensing and repair are summarized, and the specifics of the repair of BNCT-induced DNA lesions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory V. Mechetin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry O. Zharkov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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2
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Jiang M, Chu Y, Yang T, Li W, Zhang Z, Sun H, Liang H, Yang F. Developing a Novel Indium(III) Agent Based on Liposomes to Overcome Cisplatin-Induced Resistance in Breast Cancer by Multitargeting the Tumor Microenvironment Components. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14587-14602. [PMID: 34609868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the resistance of cancer cells to platinum-based drugs and effectively suppress tumor growth, we developed a novel indium (In) agent based on liposomes (Lips). Thus, we not only obtained an In(III) thiosemicarbazone agent (5b) with remarkable cytotoxicity by optimizing a series of In(III) thiosemicarbazone agents (1b-5b) but also successfully constructed a novel 5b-loaded Lip (5b-Lip) delivery system. Importantly, in vitro and in vivo results revealed that 5b/5b-Lip overcame the tumor cell resistance and effectively inhibited MCF-7/DDP tumor growth. In addition, Lips improved the intracellular accumulation of 5b. We also confirmed the mechanism by which 5b/5b-Lip overcomes breast cancer cell resistance. 5b/5b-Lip cannot act against DNA in cancer cells but attacks the two cell components in the tumor microenvironment, namely, by inducing apoptosis and lethal autophagy of cancer cells and resetting tumor-promoting M2 macrophages to the tumor-killing M1 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.,School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi 546199, China
| | - Yong Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Tongfu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
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3
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Burdak-Rothkamm S, Rothkamm K. Radiation-induced bystander and systemic effects serve as a unifying model system for genotoxic stress responses. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 778:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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4
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Zhang M, Guo X, Gao Y, Lu D, Li W. Tumor Cell-Accelerated Senescence Is Associated With DNA-PKcs Status and Telomere Dysfunction Induced by Radiation. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818771527. [PMID: 29760601 PMCID: PMC5944147 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818771527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether telomere structure integrity is related to radiosensitivity is not well investigated thus far. In this study, we investigated the relation between telomere instability and radiation-induced accelerated senescence. Partial knockdown of DNA-dependent catalytic subunit of protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was established by small interfering RNA. Radiosensitivity of control and DNA-PKcs knockdown MCF-7 cells was analyzed by clonogenetic assay. Cell growth was measured by real-time cell electronic sensing. Senescence and apoptosis were evaluated by β-galactosidase histochemical staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, respectively. DNA damage was determined by long polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Telomere length and integrity were analyzed by real-time PCR and cytogenetic assay, respectively. DNA-PKcs knockdown MCF-7 cells were more sensitive to X-irradiation than control cells. Further investigation revealed that accelerated senescence is more pronounced than apoptosis in cells after radiation, particularly in DNA-PKcs knockdown cells. The cytogenetic assay and kinetics of DNA damage repair revealed that the role of telomere end-capping in DNA-PKcs, rather than DNA damage repair, was more relevant to radiosensitivity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that DNA-PKcs plays an important role in radiation-induced accelerated senescence via maintenance of telomere integrity in MCF-7 cells. These results could be useful for future understanding of the radiation-induced genome instability and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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5
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Biological consequences of radiation-induced DNA damage: relevance to radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2013; 25:578-85. [PMID: 23849504 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage of exposed tumour tissue leading to cell death is one of the detrimental effects of ionising radiation that is exploited, with beneficial consequences, for radiotherapy. The pattern of the discrete energy depositions during passage of the ionising track of radiation defines the spatial distribution of lesions induced in DNA with a fraction of the DNA damage sites containing clusters of lesions, formed over a few nanometres, against a background of endogenously induced individual lesions. These clustered DNA damage sites, which may be considered as a signature of ionising radiation, underlie the deleterious biological consequences of ionising radiation. The concepts developed rely in part on the fact that ionising radiation creates significant levels of clustered DNA damage, including complex double-strand breaks (DSB), to kill tumour cells as clustered damage sites are difficult to repair. This reduced repairability of clustered DNA damage using specific repair pathways is exploitable in radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer. We discuss some potential strategies to enhance radiosensitivity by targeting the repair pathways of radiation-induced clustered damage and complex DNA DSB, through inhibition of specific proteins that are not required in the repair pathways for endogenous damage. The variety and severity of DNA damage from ionising radiation is also influenced by the tumour microenvironment, being especially sensitive to the oxygen status of the cells. For instance, nitric oxide is known to influence the types of damage induced by radiation under hypoxic conditions. A potential strategy based on bioreductive activation of pro-drugs to release nitric oxide is discussed as an approach to deliver nitric oxide to hypoxic tumours during radiotherapy. The ultimate aim of this review is to stimulate thinking on how knowledge of the complexity of radiation-induced DNA damage may contribute to the development of adjuncts to radiotherapy.
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6
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Georgakilas AG, O'Neill P, Stewart RD. Induction and Repair of Clustered DNA Lesions: What Do We Know So Far? Radiat Res 2013; 180:100-109. [DOI: 10.1667/rr3041.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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7
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Zhou H, Zhang Y, Su G, Zhai S, Yan B. Enhanced cancer cell killing by a targeting gold nanoconstruct with doxorubicin payload under X-ray irradiation. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43838d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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8
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Pleiotrophic effects of natural products in ROS-induced carcinogenesis: The role of plant-derived natural products in oral cancer chemoprevention. Cancer Lett 2012; 327:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Liang XS, Pfeiffer RM, Wheeler W, Maeder D, Burdette L, Yeager M, Chanock S, Tucker MA, Goldstein AM, Yang XR. Genetic variants in DNA repair genes and the risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma in melanoma-prone families with/without CDKN2A mutations. Int J Cancer 2012; 130:2062-6. [PMID: 21671477 PMCID: PMC3274649 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is an etiologically heterogeneous disease with genetic, environmental (sun exposure) and host (pigmentation/nevi) factors and their interactions contributing to risk. Genetic variants in DNA repair genes may be particularly important since their altered function in response to sun exposure-related DNA damage maybe related to risk for CMM. However, systematic evaluations of genetic variants in DNA repair genes are limited, particularly in high-risk families. We comprehensively analyzed DNA repair gene polymorphisms and CMM risk in melanoma-prone families with/without CDKN2A mutations. A total of 586 individuals (183 CMM) from 53 families (23 CDKN2A (+), 30 CDKN2A (-)) were genotyped for 2964 tagSNPs in 131 DNA repair genes. Conditional logistic regression, conditioning on families, was used to estimate trend p-values, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between CMM and each SNP separately, adjusted for age and sex. p-Values for SNPs in the same gene were combined to yield gene specific p-values. Two genes, POLN and PRKDC, were significantly associated with melanoma after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p = 0.0003 and 0.00035, respectively). DCLRE1B showed suggestive association (p = 0.0006). 28 ∼ 56% of genotyped SNPs in these genes had single SNP p < 0.05. The most significant SNPs in POLN and PRKDC had similar effects in CDKN2A (+) and CDKN2A (-) families. Our finding suggests that polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, POLN and PRKDC, were associated with increased melanoma risk in melanoma families with and without CDKN2A mutations.
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Magnander K, Elmroth K. Biological consequences of formation and repair of complex DNA damage. Cancer Lett 2012; 327:90-6. [PMID: 22353687 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous processes or genotoxic agents can induce many types of single DNA damage (single-strand breaks, oxidized bases and abasic sites). In addition, ionizing radiation induces complex lesions such as double-strand breaks and clustered damage. To preserve the genomic stability and prevent carcinogenesis, distinct repair pathways have evolved. Despite this, complex DNA damage can cause severe problems and is believed to contribute to the biological consequences observed in cells exposed to genotoxic stress. In this review, the current knowledge of formation and repair of complex DNA damage is summarized and the risks and biological consequences associated with their repair are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Magnander
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
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11
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Dizdaroglu M. Oxidatively induced DNA damage: mechanisms, repair and disease. Cancer Lett 2012; 327:26-47. [PMID: 22293091 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous sources cause oxidatively induced DNA damage in living organisms by a variety of mechanisms. The resulting DNA lesions are mutagenic and, unless repaired, lead to a variety of mutations and consequently to genetic instability, which is a hallmark of cancer. Oxidatively induced DNA damage is repaired in living cells by different pathways that involve a large number of proteins. Unrepaired and accumulated DNA lesions may lead to disease processes including carcinogenesis. Mutations also occur in DNA repair genes, destabilizing the DNA repair system. A majority of cancer cell lines have somatic mutations in their DNA repair genes. In addition, polymorphisms in these genes constitute a risk factor for cancer. In general, defects in DNA repair are associated with cancer. Numerous DNA repair enzymes exist that possess different, but sometimes overlapping substrate specificities for removal of oxidatively induced DNA lesions. In addition to the role of DNA repair in carcinogenesis, recent evidence suggests that some types of tumors possess increased DNA repair capacity that may lead to therapy resistance. DNA repair pathways are drug targets to develop DNA repair inhibitors to increase the efficacy of cancer therapy. Oxidatively induced DNA lesions and DNA repair proteins may serve as potential biomarkers for early detection, cancer risk assessment, prognosis and for monitoring therapy. Taken together, a large body of accumulated evidence suggests that oxidatively induced DNA damage and its repair are important factors in the development of human cancers. Thus this field deserves more research to contribute to the development of cancer biomarkers, DNA repair inhibitors and treatment approaches to better understand and fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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12
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Aziz K, Nowsheen S, Pantelias G, Iliakis G, Gorgoulis VG, Georgakilas AG. Targeting DNA damage and repair: embracing the pharmacological era for successful cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 133:334-50. [PMID: 22197993 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA is under constant assault from genotoxic agents which creates different kinds of DNA damage. The precise replication of the genome and the continuous surveillance of its integrity are critical for survival and the avoidance of carcinogenesis. Cells have evolved an arsenal of repair pathways and cell cycle checkpoints to detect and repair DNA damage. When repair fails, typically cell cycle progression is halted and apoptosis is initiated. Here, we review the different sources and types of DNA damage including DNA replication stress and oxidative stress, the repair pathways that cells utilize to repair damaged DNA, and discuss their biological significance, especially with reference to cancer induction and cancer therapy. We also describe the main methodologies currently used for the detection of DNA damage with their strengths and limitations. We conclude with an outline as to how this information can be used to identify novel pharmacological targets for DNA repair pathways or enhancers of DNA damage to develop improved treatment strategies that will benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aziz
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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13
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Chen BPC, Li M, Asaithamby A. New insights into the roles of ATM and DNA-PKcs in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Cancer Lett 2011; 327:103-10. [PMID: 22155347 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are induced by a variety of endogenous and exogenous sources. At pathologically high levels, ROS cause damage to biological molecules, including DNA. The damage sustained by DNA likely plays a key role in the pathogenesis of aging and carcinogenesis. Extensive research has established in detail the mechanism of cellular response to oxidative stress. Attention is now focused on identifying the molecular contributions of the key DNA damage response kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), and ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR) in the oxidative stress response. In this review, we will provide an update of the current evidence regarding the involvement of these related DNA damage response kinases in oxidative DNA lesion repair and signaling responses. The growing understanding of the involvement of ATM, DNA-PKcs, and ATR in the oxidative stress response will offer new possibilities for the treatment of ROS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P C Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology/Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 75390-9187, USA.
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14
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Georgakilas A. Detection of clustered DNA lesions: Biological and clinical applications. World J Biol Chem 2011; 2:173-6. [PMID: 21915368 PMCID: PMC3158867 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v2.i7.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are daily exposed to background radiation and various sources of oxidative stress. My research has focused in the last 12 years on the effects of ionizing radiation on DNA, which is considered as the key target of radiation in the cell. Ionizing radiation and endogenous cellular oxidative stress can also induce closely spaced oxidatively induced DNA lesions called “clusters” of DNA damage or locally multiply damage sites, as first introduced by John Ward. I am now interested in the repair mechanisms of clustered DNA damage, which is considered as the most difficult for the cell to repair. A main part of my research is devoted to evaluating the role of clustered DNA damage in the promotion of carcinogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Currently in my laboratory, there are two main ongoing projects. (1) Study of the role of BRCA1 and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit repair proteins in the processing of clustered DNA damage in human cancer cells. For this project, we use several tumor cell lines, such as breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and HCC1937 (BRCA1 deficient) and human glioblastoma cells MO59J/K; and (2) Possible use of DNA damage clusters as novel cancer biomarkers for prognostic and therapeutic applications related to modulation of oxidative stress. In this project human tumor and mice tissues are being used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Georgakilas
- Alexandros Georgakilas, DNA Damage and Repair Laboratory, Department of Biology, Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences, Howell Science Complex, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
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Ziech D, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)--induced genetic and epigenetic alterations in human carcinogenesis. Mutat Res 2011; 711:167-73. [PMID: 21419141 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a multistage and complex process characterized by molecular alterations that underlie all three phases of its development: (i) initiation, (ii) promotion and (iii) progression. Some of these molecular events include alterations in gene expression that are regulated by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. On the other hand, "oxidative stress" implies a cellular state where ROS production exceeds the cell's ability to metabolize them resulting in excessive accumulation of ROS that overwhelms cellular defenses. Such state has been shown to regulate both genetic and epigenetic cascades underlying altered gene expression in human disease including cancer. Throughout this manuscript, we review the current state of knowledge on the role of ROS-induced oxidative stress in altering the genetic and epigenetic involvement during human carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Ziech
- Department of Student Success Services, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Datta K, Purkayastha S, Neumann RD, Pastwa E, Winters TA. Base damage immediately upstream from double-strand break ends is a more severe impediment to nonhomologous end joining than blocked 3'-termini. Radiat Res 2011; 175:97-112. [PMID: 21175352 PMCID: PMC3518376 DOI: 10.1667/rr2332.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are critical cytotoxic lesions that are typically repaired by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) in human cells. Our previous work indicated that the highly cytotoxic DSBs formed by (125)I decay possess base damage clustered within 8 to 10 bases of the break and 3'-phosphate (P) and 3'-OH ends. This study examined the effect of such structures on NHEJ in in vitro assays employing either (125)I decay-induced DSB linearized plasmid DNA or structurally defined duplex oligonucleotides. Duplex oligonucleotides that possess either a 3'-P or 3'-phosphoglycolate (PG) or a ligatable 3'-OH end with either an AP site or an 8-oxo-dG 1 nucleotide upstream (-1n) from the 3'-terminus have been examined for reparability. Moderate to severe end-joining inhibition was observed for modified DSB ends or 8-oxo-dG upstream from a 3'-OH end. In contrast, abolition of end joining was observed with duplexes possessing an AP site upstream from a ligatable 3'-OH end or for a lesion combination involving 3'-P plus an upstream 8-oxo-dG. In addition, base mismatches at the -1n position were also strong inhibitors of NHEJ in this system, suggesting that destabilization of the DSB terminus as a result of base loss or improper base pairing may play a role in the inhibitory effects of these structures. Furthermore, we provide data indicating that DSB end joining is likely to occur prior to removal or repair of base lesions proximal to the DSB terminus. Our results show that base damage or base loss near a DSB end may be a severe block to NHEJ and that complex combinations of lesions presented in the context of a DSB may be more inhibitory than the individual lesions alone. In contrast, blocked DSB 3'-ends alone are only modestly inhibitory to NHEJ. Finally, DNA ligase activity is implicated as being responsible for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Datta
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Shubhadeep Purkayastha
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ronald D. Neumann
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Elzbieta Pastwa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland 92-215
| | - Thomas A. Winters
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Anderson JA, Harper JV, Cucinotta FA, O'Neill P. Participation of DNA-PKcs in DSB repair after exposure to high- and low-LET radiation. Radiat Res 2010; 174:195-205. [PMID: 20681786 DOI: 10.1667/rr2071.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cellular lesions (e.g. DSBs) are induced into DNA upon exposure to radiation, with DSB complexity increasing with radiation ionization density. Using M059K and M059J human glioblastoma cells (proficient and deficient in DNA-PKcs activity, respectively), we investigated the repair of DNA damage, including DSBs, induced by high- and low-LET radiation [gamma rays, alpha particles and high-charge and energy (HZE) ions]. In the absence of DNA-PKcs activity, less DSB repair and increased recruitment of RAD51 was seen at 24 h. After exposure to (56)Fe heavy ions, the number of cells with RAD51 tracks was less than the number of cells with gamma-H2AX at 24 h with both cell lines. Using alpha particles, comparable numbers of cells with visible gamma-H2AX and RAD51 were seen at 24 h in both cell lines. M059J cells irradiated with alpha particles accumulated in S phase, with a greater number of cyclin A and RAD51 co-stained cells seen at 24 h compared with M059K cells, where an S-phase block is absent. It is proposed that DNA-PKcs plays a role in the repair of some frank DSBs, which are longer-lived in NHEJ-deficient cells, and some non-DSB clustered damage sites that are converted into DSBs at replication as the cell cycles through to S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Anderson
- DNA Damage Group, Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
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18
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Harper JV, Anderson JA, O’Neill P. Radiation induced DNA DSBs: Contribution from stalled replication forks? DNA Repair (Amst) 2010; 9:907-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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The role of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in environmental carcinogenesis and biomarker development. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:334-9. [PMID: 20637748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although we have greatly benefited from the use of traditional epidemiological approaches in linking environmental exposure to human disease, we are still lacking knowledge in to how such exposure participates in disease development. However, molecular epidemiological studies have provided us with evidence linking oxidative stress with the pathogenesis of human disease and in particular carcinogenesis. To this end, oxidative stress-based biomarkers have proved to be essential in revealing how oxidative stress may be mediating toxicity induced by many known carcinogenic environmental agents. Therefore, throughout this review article, we aim to address the current state of oxidative stress-based biomarker development with major emphasis pertaining to biomarkers of DNA, lipid and protein oxidation.
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Peddi P, Loftin CW, Dickey JS, Hair JM, Burns KJ, Aziz K, Francisco DC, Panayiotidis MI, Sedelnikova OA, Bonner WM, Winters TA, Georgakilas AG. DNA-PKcs deficiency leads to persistence of oxidatively induced clustered DNA lesions in human tumor cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:1435-43. [PMID: 20193758 PMCID: PMC2901171 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a key non-homologous-end-joining (NHEJ) nuclear serine/threonine protein kinase involved in various DNA metabolic and damage signaling pathways contributing to the maintenance of genomic stability and prevention of cancer. To examine the role of DNA-PK in processing of non-DSB clustered DNA damage, we have used three models of DNA-PK deficiency, i.e., chemical inactivation of its kinase activity by the novel inhibitors IC86621 and NU7026, knockdown and complete absence of the protein in human breast cancer (MCF-7) and glioblastoma cell lines (MO59-J/K). A compromised DNA-PK repair pathway led to the accumulation of clustered DNA lesions induced by gamma-rays. Tumor cells lacking protein expression or with inhibited kinase activity showed a marked decrease in their ability to process oxidatively induced non-DSB clustered DNA lesions measured using a modified version of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis or single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). In all cases, DNA-PK inactivation led to a higher level of lesion persistence even after 24-72h of repair. We suggest a model in which DNA-PK deficiency affects the processing of these clusters first by compromising base excision repair and second by the presence of catalytically inactive DNA-PK inhibiting the efficient processing of these lesions owing to the failure of DNA-PK to disassociate from the DNA ends. The information rendered will be important for understanding not only cancer etiology in the presence of an NHEJ deficiency but also cancer treatments based on the induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of cluster repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Peddi
- Department of Biology, Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Charles W. Loftin
- Department of Biology, Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Dickey
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20895, USA
| | - Jessica M. Hair
- Department of Biology, Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Kara J. Burns
- Department of Biology, Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Khaled Aziz
- Department of Biology, Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Dave C. Francisco
- Department of Biology, Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, University Campus, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Olga A. Sedelnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20895, USA
| | - William M. Bonner
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20895, USA
| | - Thomas A. Winters
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexandros G. Georgakilas
- Department of Biology, Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- Corresponding author: Alexandros G. Georgakilas, Address: Biology Department, Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences, Howell Science Complex N418, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858. Tel: 252-328-5446, Fax: 252-328-4178,
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BRCA1 role in the mitigation of radiotoxicity and chromosomal instability through repair of clustered DNA lesions. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:350-8. [PMID: 20371364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidatively-induced clustered DNA lesions are considered the signature of any ionizing radiation like the ones human beings are exposed daily from various environmental sources (medical X-rays, radon, etc.). To evaluate the role of BRCA1 deficiencies in the mitigation of radiation-induced toxicity and chromosomal instability we have used two human breast cancer cell lines, the BRCA1 deficient HCC1937 cells and as a control the BRCA1 wild-type MCF-7 cells. As an additional control for the DNA damage repair measurements, the HCC1937 cells with partially reconstituted BRCA1 expression were used. Since clustered DNA damage is considered the signature of ionizing radiation, we have measured the repair of double strand breaks (DSBs), non-DSB bistranded oxidative clustered DNA lesions (OCDLs) as well as single strand breaks (SSBs) in cells exposed to radiotherapy-relevant γ-ray doses. Parallel measurements were performed in the accumulation of chromatid and isochromatid breaks. For the measurement of OCDL repair, we have used a novel adaptation of the denaturing single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis with Escherichia coli repair enzymes as DNA damage probes. Independent monitoring of the γ-H2AX foci was also performed while metaphase chromatid lesions were measured as an indicator of chromosomal instability. HCC1937 cells showed a significant accumulation of all types of DNA damage and chromatid breaks compared to MCF-7 while BRCA1 partial expression contributed significantly in the overall repair of OCDLs. These results further support the biological significance of repair resistant clustered DNA damage leading to chromosomal instability. The current results combined with previous findings on the minimized ability of base clusters to induce cell death (mainly induced by DSBs), enhance the potential association of OCDLs with breast cancer development especially in the case of a BRCA1 deficiency leading to the survival of breast cells carrying a high load of unrepaired DNA damage clusters.
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Magnander K, Hultborn R, Claesson K, Elmroth K. Clustered DNA Damage in Irradiated Human Diploid Fibroblasts: Influence of Chromatin Organization. Radiat Res 2010; 173:272-82. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1891.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Nair S, Hande MP, Lim LHK. Annexin-1 protects MCF7 breast cancer cells against heat-induced growth arrest and DNA damage. Cancer Lett 2010; 294:111-7. [PMID: 20163912 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stress proteins protect cells against the effects of heat stress, such as cell death and DNA damage. We wished to determine if Annexin-1 (ANXA1) could mediate heat-induced growth arrest and DNA damage in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Heat induced a significant growth arrest at 4h-24h. Growth arrest and heat-induced DNA damage were significantly inhibited in MCF7 cells over-expressing ANXA1. These effects were associated with enhanced ERK activation and reduction in JNK phosphorylation. This study demonstrates that ANXA1, which we recently reported as a possible tumor suppressor gene, can protect cells from heat-induced growth arrest and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Nair
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 9:574-8. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e328333c13c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Holt SM, Scemama JL, Panayiotidis MI, Georgakilas AG. Compromised repair of clustered DNA damage in the human acute lymphoblastic leukemia MSH2-deficient NALM-6 cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2009; 674:123-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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