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Crosstalk between xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibiting and cancer chemotherapeutic properties of comestible flavonoids- a comprehensive update. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109147. [PMID: 36049673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gout is an inflammatory disease caused by metabolic disorder or genetic inheritance. People throughout the world are strongly dependent on ethnomedicine for the treatment of gout and some receive satisfactory curative treatment. The natural remedies as well as established drugs derived from natural sources or synthetically made exert their action by mechanisms that are closely associated with anticancer treatment mechanisms regarding inhibition of xanthine oxidase, feedback inhibition of de novo purine synthesis, depolymerization and disappearance of microtubule, inhibition of NF-ĸB activation, induction of TRAIL, promotion of apoptosis, and caspase activation and proteasome inhibition. Some anti-gout and anticancer novel compounds interact with same receptors for their action, e.g., colchicine and colchicine analogues. Dietary flavonoids, i.e., chrysin, kaempferol, quercetin, fisetin, pelargonidin, apigenin, luteolin, myricetin, isorhamnetin, phloretinetc etc. have comparable IC50 values with established anti-gout drug and effective against both cancer and gout. Moreover, a noticeable number of newer anticancer compounds have already been isolated from plants that have been using by local traditional healers and herbal practitioners to treat gout. Therefore, the anti-gout plants might have greater potentiality to become selective candidates for screening of newer anticancer leads.
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Baby J, Devan AR, Kumar AR, Gorantla JN, Nair B, Aishwarya TS, Nath LR. Cogent role of flavonoids as key orchestrators of chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13761. [PMID: 34028054 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemopreventive approaches with food-derived phytochemicals are progressively rising as a significant aspect of tumor management and control. Herein, we have showcased the major phytoconstituents belonging to the group of flavanoid, as anti-cancer agents used for the treatment and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sorafenib is the sole drug used for the treatment of advanced HCC, but its clinical application is limited because of its severe adverse effects and drug resistance. Diet-based chemoprevention seems to be the way forward for this disease of malignant nature. As HCC is derived from a chronic inflammatory milieu, the regular incorporation of bioactive phytochemicals in the diet will confer protection and prevent progression to hepatocarcinogenesis. Many preclinical studies proved that the health benefits of flavonoids confer cytotoxic potential against various types of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma. As flavonoids with excellent safety profile are abundantly present in common vegetables and fruits, they can be better utilized for chemoprevention and chemosensitization in such chronic condition. This review highlights the plausible role of the eight most promising flavonoids (Curcumin, Kaempferol, Resveratrol, Quercetin, Silibinin, Baicalein, Galangin and Luteolin) as key orchestrators of chemoprevention in hepatocellular carcinoma with preclinical and clinical evidence. An attempt to address the challenges in its clinical translation is also included. This review also provides an insight into the close association of HCC and metabolic disorders which may further decipher the chemopreventive effect of dietary bioactive from a proof of concept to extensive clinical translation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: According to GLOBOCAN 2020 database, it is estimated that 905,677 new cases of liver cancer and approximately 830,180 deaths related to that. The cancer incidence and mortality are almost similar as it is diagnosed at an advanced stage in patients where systemic drug therapy is the sole approach. Due to the emergence of multidrug resistance and drug-related toxicities, most of the patient can not adhere to the therapy regimen. Flavonoids are known to be a potential anticancer agent with an excellent safety profile. These are found to be effective preclinically against hepatocellular carcinoma through modulation of numerous pathways in hepatocarcinogenesis. But, the bioavailability issue, lack of well designed-validated clinical evidence, the possibility of food-drug interaction etc limit its clinical utility. The research inputs mainly to overcome pharmacokinetic issues along with suitable validation of efficacy and toxicity will be a critical point for establishing flavonoids as an effective, safe, affordable therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Baby
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Aswathy R Devan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ayana R Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Thanatharayil Sathian Aishwarya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
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3
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Cao X, Wang B. Targeted PD-L1 PLGA/liposomes-mediated luteolin therapy for effective liver cancer cell treatment. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:843-850. [PMID: 34000859 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211017701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stealth PLGA/Liposome nanoparticles (NPs) modified with tumor-targeting PD-L1 antibody for systemic delivery of luteolin for liver cancer were prepared. The morphologies and therapeutic effects of luteolin-loaded PD-L1 targeted stealth PLGA/Liposomes (L-PD-SP/Ls) in vitro were analyzed. Functional L-PD-P/L NPs composed of PLGA, DOPC and DSPE-PEG display low cell cytoxicity in HepG2 cells, and has more cell uptake ability than P/Ls NPs. L-PD-SP/Ls was more effective in inhibiting HepG2 cell proliferation than free luteolin in solution (p < 0.05) and luteolin-loaded P/Ls (p < 0.05). Compared with the cell control group and the non-PD-L1 targeted group, the mediated effect of PD-L1 can significantly enhance the uptake of drugs by cells, and L-PD-SP/Ls can significantly reduce the expression of Bcl-2 and increase the level of LDH in cells. Our findings collectively support the utility of PD-L1-targeted P/L NPs as a potentially effective drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiao Cao
- Department Of Radiotherapy, Heng Shui City People's Hospital, Hengshui, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department Of Radiotherapy, Heng Shui City People's Hospital, Hengshui, China
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Kang MA, Jeon YK, Nam MJ. Auricularia auricula increases an apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via a regulation of the peroxiredoxin1. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13373. [PMID: 32743825 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Auricularia auricula (A. auricula) has been reported to have positive health effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore possible mechanisms of A. auricula-induced anticancer activity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. First, using proliferative assay including MTT assay and real-time cell electronic sensing technique, we founded that A. auricula has an antiproliferative effect on various cancer cell lines. Among five cancer cell lines, we focused on huh-7 cell line, HCC cell line, due to that A. auricula has most dramatic antiproliferative effects on huh-7 cell line. Following experiments, we founded that its antiproliferative effects was related with apoptosis-inducing activities. For more investigation, a two-dimensional electrophoresis based-proteomic analysis (2DE-GE) was employed for identification of possible target-related proteins of A. auricula-induced apoptosis. Among seven identified proteins, we focused on peroxiredoxin1 (PRDX1), which has been known as an anti-oxidative enzyme. We confirmed downregulation of expression of PRDX1 following A. auricula treatment in mRNA and protein level. In order to obtain a more validation of the correlation of A. auricula-induced cell death and anti-oxidative enzyme. We investigated the level of anti-oxidative enzymes, total glutathione (GSSG/GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in treated cells and PRDX1 gene-silenced cells. GSH and SOD levels were decreased in the treated cells and PRDX1 gene-silenced cells. Our findings suggest that A. auricula is a potent inducer of apoptosis in HCC cells via PRDX1-inhibition pathways. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. The principal treatment is surgical resection or liver transplantation. However, in most patients with HCC the diagnosis is often late, thereby excluding the patients from definitive surgical resection. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are generally ineffective. Newer treatments are needed with several being in development. In this research article, we provide regulation mechanism of PRDX1 in HCC. PRDX1 has a proliferative effect and play a role in cancer development or progression. Overexpression of PRDX1 in cancer cells implies the role of PRDX1 in the cancer therapy. PRDX1 is currently being investigated as a new target for gene therapy in cancer. A. auricula is an apoptotic inducer of HCC cells through PRDX1 pathway. Regulation of PRDX1 in HCC may contribute to cancer treatment. Therefore, the potentials of targeting apoptosis would be a viable therapeutic strategy to improve the outcome of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ae Kang
- Biological Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnamsi, South Korea
| | - Young Keul Jeon
- Biological Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnamsi, South Korea
| | - Myeong Jin Nam
- Biological Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnamsi, South Korea
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5
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Khan H, Belwal T, Efferth T, Farooqi AA, Sanches-Silva A, Vacca RA, Nabavi SF, Khan F, Prasad Devkota H, Barreca D, Sureda A, Tejada S, Dacrema M, Daglia M, Suntar İ, Xu S, Ullah H, Battino M, Giampieri F, Nabavi SM. Targeting epigenetics in cancer: therapeutic potential of flavonoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1616-1639. [PMID: 32478608 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1763910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Irrespective of sex and age, cancer is the leading cause of mortality around the globe. Therapeutic incompliance, unwanted effects, and economic burdens imparted by cancer treatments, are primary health challenges. The heritable features in gene expression that are propagated through cell division and contribute to cellular identity without a change in DNA sequence are considered epigenetic characteristics and agents that could interfere with these features and are regarded as potential therapeutic targets. The genetic modification accounts for the recurrence and uncontrolled changes in the physiology of cancer cells. This review focuses on plant-derived flavonoids as a therapeutic tool for cancer, attributed to their ability for epigenetic regulation of cancer pathogenesis. The epigenetic mechanisms of various classes of flavonoids including flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanidins, such as cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin, are discussed. The outstanding results of preclinical studies encourage researchers to design several clinical trials on various flavonoids to ascertain their clinical strength in the treatment of different cancers. The results of such studies will define the clinical fate of these agents in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ana Sanches-Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Council of Research, Bari, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), School of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of neurophysiology, Biology Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marco Dacrema
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - İpek Suntar
- Deparment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ahmed S, Khan H, Fratantonio D, Hasan MM, Sharifi S, Fathi N, Ullah H, Rastrelli L. Apoptosis induced by luteolin in breast cancer: Mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives. PHYTOMEDICINE 2019; 59:152883. [PMID: 30986716 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is worldwide commonly found malignancy in women and effective treatment is regarded as a huge clinical challenge even in the presence of several options. Extensive literature is available that demonstrating polyphenols, the richly introduce phytopharmaceuticals as anticancer agents. Among these polyphenols, resveratrol, silibinin, quercetin, genistein, curcumin reported to have an awesome potential against breast cancer. However, till now no comprehensive survey found about the anticarcinogenic properties of luteolin against breast cancer. SCOPE AND APPROACH This review targeted the available literature on luteolin in the treatment of breast cancer, effects in combination with other anticancer drugs with possible mechanisms. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION An outstanding therapeutic potential of luteolin in the treatment of breast cancer has been recorded not just as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent yet complemented by its synergistic effects with other anticancer therapies such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and NSAID such as celecoxib, and possible underlying mechanisms. Ideally, this review will open new dimensions for luteolin as an effective and safe therapeutic agent in diminishing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali khan University Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Deborah Fratantonio
- "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Fathi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali khan University Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
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Significance of prohibitin domain family in tumorigenesis and its implication in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:580. [PMID: 29784973 PMCID: PMC5962566 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prohibitin (PHB) was originally isolated and characterized as an anti-proliferative gene in rat liver. The evolutionarily conserved PHB gene encodes two human protein isoforms with molecular weights of ~33 kDa, PHB1 and PHB2. PHB1 and PHB2 belong to the prohibitin domain family, and both are widely distributed in different cellular compartments such as the mitochondria, nucleus, and cell membrane. Most studies have confirmed differential expression of PHB1 and PHB2 in cancers compared to corresponding normal tissues. Furthermore, studies verified that PHB1 and PHB2 are involved in the biological processes of tumorigenesis, including cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Two small molecule inhibitors, Rocaglamide (RocA) and fluorizoline, derived from medicinal plants, were demonstrated to interact directly with PHB1 and thus inhibit the interaction of PHB with Raf-1, impeding Raf-1/ERK signaling cascades and significantly suppressing cancer cell metastasis. In addition, a short peptide ERAP and a natural product xanthohumol were shown to target PHB2 directly and prohibit cancer progression in estrogen-dependent cancers. As more efficient biomarkers and targets are urgently needed for cancer diagnosis and treatment, here we summarize the functional role of prohibitin domain family proteins, focusing on PHB1 and PHB2 in tumorigenesis and cancer development, with the expectation that targeting the prohibitin domain family will offer more clues for cancer therapy.
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Accumulation of prohibitin is a common cellular response to different stressing stimuli and protects melanoma cells from ER stress and chemotherapy-induced cell death. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43114-43129. [PMID: 28562344 PMCID: PMC5522132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is responsible for most deaths among skin cancers and conventional and palliative care chemotherapy are limited due to the development of chemoresistance. We used proteomic analysis to identify cellular responses that lead to chemoresistance of human melanoma cell lines to cisplatin. A systems approach to the proteomic data indicated the participation of specific cellular processes such as oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial organization and homeostasis, as well as the unfolded protein response (UPR) to be required for the survival of cells treated with cisplatin. Prohibitin (PHB) was among the proteins consistently accumulated, interacting with the functional clusters associated with resistance to cisplatin. We showed PHB accumulated at different levels in melanoma cell lines under stressing stimuli, such as (i) treatment with temozolomide (TMZ), dacarbazine (DTIC) and cisplatin; (ii) serum deprivation; (iii) tunicamycin, an UPR inducer. Prohibitin accumulated in the mitochondria of melanoma cells after cisplatin and tunicamycin treatment and its de novo accumulation led to chemoresistance melanoma cell lines. In contrast, PHB knock-down sensitized melanoma cells to cisplatin and tunicamycin treatment. We conclude that PHB participates in the survival of cells exposed to different stress stimuli, and can therefore serve as a target for the sensitization of melanoma cells to chemotherapy.
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Mouhid L, Corzo-Martínez M, Torres C, Vázquez L, Reglero G, Fornari T, Ramírez de Molina A. Improving In Vivo Efficacy of Bioactive Molecules: An Overview of Potentially Antitumor Phytochemicals and Currently Available Lipid-Based Delivery Systems. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2017; 2017:7351976. [PMID: 28555156 PMCID: PMC5438845 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7351976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many of the chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer treatment exhibit cell toxicity and display teratogenic effect on nontumor cells. Therefore, the search for alternative compounds which are effective against tumor cells but reduce toxicity against nontumor ones is of great importance in the progress or development of cancer treatments. In this sense, scientific knowledge about relevant aspects of nutrition intimately involved in the development and progression of cancer progresses rapidly. Phytochemicals, considered as bioactive ingredients present in plant products, have shown promising effects as potential therapeutic/preventive agents on cancer in several in vitro and in vivo assays. However, despite their bioactive properties, phytochemicals are still not commonly used in clinical practice due to several reasons, mainly attributed to their poor bioavailability. In this sense, new formulation strategies are proposed as carriers to improve their bioefficacy, highlighting the use of lipid-based delivery systems. Here, we review the potential antitumoral activity of the bioactive compounds derived from plants and the current studies carried out in animal and human models. Furthermore, their association with lipids as a formulation strategy to enhance their efficacy in vivo is also reported. The development of high effective bioactive supplements for cancer treatment based on the improvement of their bioavailability goes through this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Mouhid
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Corzo-Martínez
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Torres
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Vázquez
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiziana Fornari
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Roh T, Kim SW, Moon SH, Nam MJ. Genistein induces apoptosis by down-regulating thioredoxin-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma SNU-449 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:127-134. [PMID: 27597132 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genistein (GEN), a natural isoflavonoid phytoestrogen, has anti-cancer activity against various types of cancers. However, GEN has not been thoroughly investigated in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this study, we evaluated the anti-cancer effects of GEN on SNU-449 cells. GEN inhibited the proliferation of SNU-449 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. We observed the typical characteristics of apoptosis, such as DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation. To identify proteins related to GEN-induced apoptosis, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis and identified differentially expressed proteins. Proteomic analysis showed that the antioxidant protein thioredoxin-1 was associated with GEN-induced apoptosis. GEN treatment decreased thioredoxin-1 levels and increased intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, GEN activated apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38. We also observed that pretreatment with the JNK and p38 inhibitors (SP600125 and SB203580) decreased GEN-induced cell death. These results indicate that GEN has potential antitumor effects against SNU-449 cells through the down-regulation of thioredoxin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Roh
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soung Hoon Moon
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Jin Nam
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Lee N, Kwon JH, Kim YB, Kim SH, Park SJ, Xu W, Jung HY, Kim KT, Wang HJ, Choi KY. Vaccinia-related kinase 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma by controlling the levels of cell cycle regulators associated with G1/S transition. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30130-48. [PMID: 26375549 PMCID: PMC4745786 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified the specific role of vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluated its therapeutic and prognostic potential. VRK1 levels were significantly higher in HCC cell lines than a normal hepatic cell line, and were higher in HCC than non-tumor tissue. VRK1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of SK-Hep1, SH-J1 and Hep3B cells; moreover, depletion of VRK1 suppressed HCC tumor growth in vivo. We also showed that VRK1 knockdown increased the number of G1 arrested cells by decreasing cyclin D1 and p-Rb while upregulating p21 and p27, and that VRK1 depletion downregulated phosphorylation of CREB, a transcription factor regulating CCND1. Additionally, we found that luteolin, a VRK1 inhibitor, suppressed HCC growth in vitro and in vivo, and that the aberrant VRK1 expression correlated with poor prognostic features of HCC. High levels of VRK1 were associated with shorter overall and disease-free survival and higher recurrence rates. Taken together, our findings suggest VRK1 may act as a tumor promoter by controlling the level of cell cycle regulators associated with G1/S transition and could potentially serve as a therapeutic target and/or prognostic biomarker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namgyu Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | | | - Young Bae Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Sung Jin Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Weiguang Xu
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hoe-Yune Jung
- Department of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Wang
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kwan Yong Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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12
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Survivin-targeting Artificial MicroRNAs Mediated by Adenovirus Suppress Tumor Activity in Cancer Cells and Xenograft Models. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 3:e208. [PMID: 25368912 PMCID: PMC4459545 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2014.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Survivin is highly expressed in most human tumors and fetal tissue, and absent in terminally differentiated cells. It promotes tumor cell proliferation by negatively regulating cell apoptosis and facilitating cell division. Survivin's selective expression pattern suggests that it might be a suitable target for cancer therapy, which would promote death of transformed but not normal cells. This was tested using artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) targeting survivin. After screening, two effective amiRNAs, which knocked down survivin expression, were identified and cloned into a replication-defective adenoviral vector. Tumor cells infected with the recombinant vector downregulated expression of survivin and underwent apoptotic cell death. Further studies showed that apoptosis was associated with increases in caspase 3 and cleaved Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and activation of the p53 signaling pathway. Furthermore, amiRNA treatment caused blockade of mitosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. In vivo, survivin-targeting amiRNAs expressed by adenoviral vectors effectively delayed growth of hepatocellular and cervical carcinomas in mouse xenograft models. These results indicate that silencing of survivin by amiRNA has potential for treatment of cancer.
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13
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Sak K. Cytotoxicity of dietary flavonoids on different human cancer types. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8:122-46. [PMID: 25125885 PMCID: PMC4127821 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.134247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are ubiquitous in nature. They are also in food, providing an essential link between diet and prevention of chronic diseases including cancer. Anticancer effects of these polyphenols depend on several factors: Their chemical structure and concentration, and also on the type of cancer. Malignant cells from different tissues reveal somewhat different sensitivity toward flavonoids and, therefore, the preferences of the most common dietary flavonoids to various human cancer types are analyzed in this review. While luteolin and kaempferol can be considered as promising candidate agents for treatment of gastric and ovarian cancers, respectively, apigenin, chrysin, and luteolin have good perspectives as potent antitumor agents for cervical cancer; cells from main sites of flavonoid metabolism (colon and liver) reveal rather large fluctuations in anticancer activity probably due to exposure to various metabolites with different activities. Anticancer effect of flavonoids toward blood cancer cells depend on their myeloid, lymphoid, or erythroid origin; cytotoxic effects of flavonoids on breast and prostate cancer cells are highly related to the expression of hormone receptors. Different flavonoids are often preferentially present in certain food items, and knowledge about the malignant tissue-specific anticancer effects of flavonoids could be purposely applied both in chemoprevention as well as in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- Non Government Organization Praeventio, Tartu, Estonia
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14
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Wen L, Wu D, Jiang Y, Prasad KN, Lin S, Jiang G, He J, Zhao M, Luo W, Yang B. Identification of flavonoids in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) leaf and evaluation of anticancer activities. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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15
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Park HJ, Jeon YK, You DH, Nam MJ. Daidzein causes cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis via the Bcl-2 family in human hepatic cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:542-9. [PMID: 23959101 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Daidzein, which belongs to the group of isoflavones from soybeans, has been extensively researched prostate, cervix, brain, breast, and colon cancer cell lines. However, daidzein has not been thoroughly investigated in human hepatic cancer cells; therefore, we investigated whether it inhibits hepatic cancer cell growth. Decreased cell proliferation was measured in daidzein-treated hepatic cancer cells (SK-HEP-1) upon real-time cell electronic sensing analysis however, it was not affected on normal human hepatocytes (Chang). Daidzein-induced apoptosis was demonstrated by comet and TUNEL assay. Moreover, we conducted two-dimensional electrophoresis to study the mechanism of daidzein-induced apoptosis in daidzein-treated SK-HEP-1 cells. Expression of peroxiredoxin-3 (Prdx-3), which modulates redox homeostasis of cells, was increased in protein analysis. Additionally, we measured the levels of reactive oxygen species and it was decreased in daidzein-treated SKHEP-1 cells. Daidzein-induced apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 cells was also associated with the up-regulation of Bak and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins. Moreover, daidzein treatment increased in the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and activation of APAF-1, caspase 9 and caspase 3. Overall, these result indicate that daidzein is a potent inducer of apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells via mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Park
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, 534-2 Yeonsu-dong, Yeonsu-go, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
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16
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González-Vallinas M, González-Castejón M, Rodríguez-Casado A, Ramírez de Molina A. Dietary phytochemicals in cancer prevention and therapy: a complementary approach with promising perspectives. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:585-99. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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17
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Cheng J, Gao F, Chen X, Wu J, Xing C, Lv Z, Xu W, Xie Q, Wu L, Ye S, Xie H, Zheng S, Zhou L. Prohibitin-2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy progression in hypoxia based on a label-free quantitative proteomics strategy. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:820-32. [PMID: 23661548 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) leading to tumor hypoxia is a common pathological phenomenon. Meanwhile, tumor hypoxia can promote a change in the biological properties of tumor cells. It may enhance the survival of tumor cells under stress conditions, resulting in resistance to apoptosis and angiogenesis. The moleculars that could modulate the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells remain largely unknown. Based on label-free quantitative proteomic data, we found a significant upregulation of prohibitin-2 (PHB2) in HCC tissues. Treatment of hepatoma cells with small interfering RNAs against PHB2 suppressed cell growth and colony formation, led to G1 phase arrest and sensitized HCC cells to apoptosis. Moreover, inhibition of PHB2 expression dramatically repressed the ability of HCC cells to adapt to hypoxic microenvironments and resist chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Thus, PHB2 in HCC supports the development and progression of hepatocellular malignancy to hypoxia, and implicates the potential antagonist function of PHB2 in transarterial chemoembolization treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R., China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R., China
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18
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Wang LM, Xie KP, Huo HN, Shang F, Zou W, Xie MJ. Luteolin inhibits proliferation induced by IGF-1 pathway dependent ERα in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:1431-7. [PMID: 22799344 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of many breast tumors is stimulated by IGF-1, which activates signal transduction pathways inducing cell proliferation. ERα is important in this process. The aim of the study was to investigate relationships in vitro among inhibitory effects of luteolin on the growth of MCF-7 cells, IGF-1 pathway and ERα. Our results showed that luteolin could effectively block IGF-1-stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation in a dose- and time- dependent manner and block cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis evidenced by the flow cytometric detection of sub-G1DNA content. Luteolin markedly decreased IGF-1-dependent IGF-1R and Akt phosphorylation without affecting Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Further experiments pointed out that ERα was directly involved in IGF-1 induced cell growth inhibitory effects of luteolin, which significantly decreased ERα expression. Knockdown of ERα in MCF-7 cells by an ERα-specific siRNA decreased the IGF-1 induced cell growth inhibitory effects of luteolin. ERα is thus a possible target of luteolin. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effect of luteolin on the growth of MCF-7 cells is via inhibiting IGF-1 mediated PI3K-Akt pathway dependent on ERα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Meng Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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Krelle AC, Okoli AS, Mendz GL. Huh-7 Human Liver Cancer Cells: A Model System to Understand Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2013.42078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Stagos D, Amoutzias GD, Matakos A, Spyrou A, Tsatsakis AM, Kouretas D. Chemoprevention of liver cancer by plant polyphenols. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2155-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Wang BS, Huang GJ, Tai HM, Huang MH. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extracts of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 50:526-31. [PMID: 22198607 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extracts of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. (STE). The results showed that STE displayed radical scavenging and reducing activity, as well as liposome protection activity. In addition, the implementation of an HPLC with a photodiode array detector helped to identify polyphenolic components including hesperidin, luteolin, and diosmetin. STE administration in the range of 125-500 mg/kg showed concentration dependent inhibition on carrageenan induced inflammatory response in mice. The anti-inflammatory effects of STE could be related to tissue NO and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α) suppression, and associated with the reduction of lipid peroxidation and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in vivo. Overall, the results showed that STE might serve as a natural inhibitor of oxidation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Sen Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, 60, Erh-Jen Road, Sec. 1, Jen-Te, Tainan 717, Taiwan, ROC
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Mehla R, Bivalkar-Mehla S, Chauhan A. A flavonoid, luteolin, cripples HIV-1 by abrogation of tat function. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27915. [PMID: 22140483 PMCID: PMC3227592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) against HIV-1, evidence indicates that residual infection persists in different cell types. Intensification of cART does not decrease the residual viral load or immune activation. cART restricts the synthesis of infectious virus but does not curtail HIV-1 transcription and translation from either the integrated or unintegrated viral genomes in infected cells. All treated patients with full viral suppression actually have low-level viremia. More than 60% of treated individuals also develop minor HIV-1 -associated neurocognitive deficits (HAND) due to residual virus and immune activation. Thus, new therapeutic agents are needed to curtail HIV-1 transcription and residual virus. In this study, luteolin, a dietary supplement, profoundly reduced HIV-1 infection in reporter cells and primary lymphocytes. HIV-1inhibition by luteolin was independent of viral entry, as shown by the fact that wild-type and VSV-pseudotyped HIV-1 infections were similarly inhibited. Luteolin was unable to inhibit viral reverse transcription. Luteolin had antiviral activity in a latent HIV-1 reactivation model and effectively ablated both clade-B- and -C -Tat-driven LTR transactivation in reporter assays but had no effect on Tat expression and its sub-cellular localization. We conclude that luteolin confers anti-HIV-1 activity at the Tat functional level. Given its biosafety profile and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, luteolin may serve as a base flavonoid to develop potent anti-HIV-1 derivatives to complement cART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Mehla
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shalmali Bivalkar-Mehla
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ashok Chauhan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen MH, Yang WLR, Lin KT, Liu CH, Liu YW, Huang KW, Chang PMH, Lai JM, Hsu CN, Chao KM, Kao CY, Huang CYF. Gene expression-based chemical genomics identifies potential therapeutic drugs in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27186. [PMID: 22087264 PMCID: PMC3210146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Currently, only sorafenib is approved by the FDA for advanced HCC treatment; therefore, there is an urgent need to discover candidate therapeutic drugs for HCC. We hypothesized that if a drug signature could reverse, at least in part, the gene expression signature of HCC, it might have the potential to inhibit HCC-related pathways and thereby treat HCC. To test this hypothesis, we first built an integrative platform, the "Encyclopedia of Hepatocellular Carcinoma genes Online 2", dubbed EHCO2, to systematically collect, organize and compare the publicly available data from HCC studies. The resulting collection includes a total of 4,020 genes. To systematically query the Connectivity Map (CMap), which includes 6,100 drug-mediated expression profiles, we further designed various gene signature selection and enrichment methods, including a randomization technique, majority vote, and clique analysis. Subsequently, 28 out of 50 prioritized drugs, including tanespimycin, trichostatin A, thioguanosine, and several anti-psychotic drugs with anti-tumor activities, were validated via MTT cell viability assays and clonogenic assays in HCC cell lines. To accelerate their future clinical use, possibly through drug-repurposing, we selected two well-established drugs to test in mice, chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine. Both drugs inhibited orthotopic liver tumor growth. In conclusion, we successfully discovered and validated existing drugs for potential HCC therapeutic use with the pipeline of Connectivity Map analysis and lab verification, thereby suggesting the usefulness of this procedure to accelerate drug repurposing for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Huang Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang JL, Lin YW, Chen HM, Kong X, Xiong H, Shen N, Hong J, Fang JY. Calcium prevents tumorigenesis in a mouse model of colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22566. [PMID: 21857934 PMCID: PMC3157344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Calcium has been proposed as a mediator of the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the comprehensive mechanism underlying this preventive effect is not yet clear. Hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the possible roles and mechanisms of calcium-mediated prevention of CRC induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in mice. METHODS For gene expression analysis, 6 non-tumor colorectal tissues of mice from the DMH + Calcium group and 3 samples each from the DMH and control groups were hybridized on a 4×44 K Agilent whole genome oligo microarray, and selected genes were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Functional analysis of the microarray data was performed using KEGG and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses. Hub genes were identified using Pathway Studio software. RESULTS The tumor incidence rates in the DMH and DMH + Calcium groups were 90% and 40%, respectively. Microarray gene expression analysis showed that S100a9, Defa20, Mmp10, Mmp7, Ptgs2, and Ang2 were among the most downregulated genes, whereas Per3, Tef, Rnf152, and Prdx6 were significantly upregulated in the DMH + Calcium group compared with the DMH group. Functional analysis showed that the Wnt, cell cycle, and arachidonic acid pathways were significantly downregulated in the DMH + Calcium group, and that the GO terms related to cell differentiation, cell cycle, proliferation, cell death, adhesion, and cell migration were significantly affected. Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were considered as potent hub genes. CONCLUSION In the DMH-induced CRC mouse model, comprehensive mechanisms were involved with complex gene expression alterations encompassing many altered pathways and GO terms. However, how calcium regulates these events remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Lin Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Wei Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Min Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Kong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Division of Rheumatology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: ,
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Fisher AB. Peroxiredoxin 6: a bifunctional enzyme with glutathione peroxidase and phospholipase A₂ activities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:831-44. [PMID: 20919932 PMCID: PMC3125547 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is the prototype and the only mammalian 1-Cys member of the Prdx family. Major differences from 2-Cys Prdxs include the use of glutathione (GSH) instead of thioredoxin as the physiological reductant, heterodimerization with πGSH S-transferase as part of the catalytic cycle, and the ability either to reduce the oxidized sn-2 fatty acyl group of phospholipids (peroxidase activity) or to hydrolyze the sn-2 ester (alkyl) bond of phospholipids (phospholipase A(2) [PLA(2)] activity). The bifunctional protein has separate active sites for peroxidase (C47, R132, H39) and PLA(2) (S32, D140, H26) activities. These activities are dependent on binding of the protein to phospholipids at acidic pH and to oxidized phospholipids at cytosolic pH. Prdx6 can be phosphorylated by MAP kinases at T177, which markedly increases its PLA(2) activity and broadens its pH-activity spectrum. Prdx6 is primarily cytosolic but also is targeted to acidic organelles (lysosomes, lamellar bodies) by a specific targeting sequence (amino acids 31-40). Oxidant stress and keratinocyte growth factor are potent regulators of Prdx6 gene expression. Prdx6 has important roles in both antioxidant defense based on its ability to reduce peroxidized membrane phospholipids and in phospholipid homeostasis based on its ability to generate lysophospholipid substrate for the remodeling pathway of phospholipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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26
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Jeon YK, Yoo DR, Jang YH, Jang SY, Nam MJ. Sulforaphane induces apoptosis in human hepatic cancer cells through inhibition of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase4, mediated by hypoxia inducible factor-1-dependent pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:1340-8. [PMID: 21640852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The anti-cancer activity of sulforaphane (SFN) has recently been investigated in several cancer cell lines, including human hepatic cancers. However, the mechanism of SFN-induced cell death in human hepatic cancer cells is still not well understood. The aim of the present work is to explore the possible mechanisms of SFN-induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells using proteomic analysis. A two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE)-based-proteomic analysis was employed for identification of possible target-related proteins of SFN-induced apoptosis. Among eleven proteins identified as regulated, we focused on the down-regulation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase4 (PFKFB4) protein, which has been known as a key modulator of glycolysis. We also showed that SFN down-regulated the expression of the transcriptional factor, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which strongly regulates PFKFB4 expression. In order to obtain a broad understanding of the correlation of HIF-1α and SFN, we observed the inhibition of the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases, regulators of HIF-1α activity. Our findings suggest that SFN is a potent inducer of apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via PFKFB4-inhibition pathways. HIF-1 pathway inhibition may be mediated by the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Keul Jeon
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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27
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Kim BR, Jeon YK, Nam MJ. A mechanism of apigenin-induced apoptosis is potentially related to anti-angiogenesis and anti-migration in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1626-32. [PMID: 21515330 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin (APG) has been shown to have a strong anti-cancer effect on various cancer models via a programmed cell death, apoptosis. However, the fundamental mechanisms of these effects are still unclear. In the present study, we examined the question of whether or not APG can inhibit proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), huh-7 cells, resulting in apoptosis. In APG-treated cells, we observed typical features of apoptosis. To identify the proteins related to APG-induced apoptosis, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis and identified differentially expressed proteins. Among these proteins, we focused on vimentin, which plays a physiological role, such as cell migration and adhesion. We validated expression of vimentin in both mRNA and protein levels, verifying its decrease. In addition, we observed that APG down-regulated the expression levels of type I collagen, which collaborated with vimentin in cell migration and decreased the releasing amounts of VEGF and MMP-8, which are closely relevant to angiogenic activity. Finally, we confirmed the decreased capacity of cell migration due to down-regulation of vimentin, type I collagen, VEGF, and MMP-8 induced by APG. Based on the overall results, we suggested that vimentin was potentially associated with APG-induced apoptosis, as a key regulator in angiogenesis and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ra Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, 534-2 Yeonsu-dong, Yeonsu-go, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
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Attoub S, Hassan AH, Vanhoecke B, Iratni R, Takahashi T, Gaben AM, Bracke M, Awad S, John A, Kamalboor HA, Al Sultan MA, Arafat K, Gespach C, Petroianu G. Inhibition of cell survival, invasion, tumor growth and histone deacetylase activity by the dietary flavonoid luteolin in human epithelioid cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 651:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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29
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Verschooten L, Smaers K, Van Kelst S, Proby C, Maes D, Declercq L, Agostinis P, Garmyn M. The Flavonoid Luteolin Increases the Resistance of Normal, but Not Malignant Keratinocytes, Against UVB-Induced Apoptosis. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:2277-85. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Sánchez-Quiles V, Santamaría E, Segura V, Sesma L, Prieto J, Corrales FJ. Prohibitin deficiency blocks proliferation and induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells: molecular mechanisms and functional implications. Proteomics 2010; 10:1609-20. [PMID: 20186755 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prohibitin is a multifunctional protein participating in a plethora of essential cellular functions, such as cell signaling, apoptosis, survival and proliferation. In the liver, deficient prohibitin activity participates in the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and obesity, according to mechanisms that still must be elucidated. In this study, we have used a combination of transcriptomics and proteomics technologies to investigate the response of human hepatoma PLC/PRF/5 cells to prohibitin silencing to define in detail the biological function of hepatic Phb1 and to elucidate potential prohibitin-dependent mechanisms participating in the maintenance of the transformed phenotype. Abrogation of prohibitin reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cells in a mechanism dependent on NF kappaB signaling. Moreover, down-regulation of ERp29 together with down-regulation of Erlin 2 suggests ER stress. In agreement, increased C/EBP homologous protein levels, poly-ADP ribose polymerase cleavage and activation of caspase 12 and downstream caspase 7 evidenced ER stress-induced apoptosis. Down-regulation of proteasome activator complex subunit 2 and stathmin as well as accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins suggest interplay between ER stress and proteasome malfunction. Taken together, our results provide evidences for prohibitin having a central role in the maintenance of the transformed and invasive phenotype of human hepatoma cells and may further support previous studies suggesting prohibitin as a potential clinical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Sánchez-Quiles
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Proteomics Unit, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Flavonoids from Artemisia annua L. as antioxidants and their potential synergism with artemisinin against malaria and cancer. Molecules 2010; 15:3135-70. [PMID: 20657468 PMCID: PMC6263261 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15053135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia annua is currently the only commercial source of the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin. Since artemisinin was discovered as the active component of A. annua in early 1970s, hundreds of papers have focused on the anti-parasitic effects of artemisinin and its semi-synthetic analogs dihydroartemisinin, artemether, arteether, and artesunate. Artemisinin per se has not been used in mainstream clinical practice due to its poor bioavailability when compared to its analogs. In the past decade, the work with artemisinin-based compounds has expanded to their anti-cancer properties. Although artemisinin is a major bioactive component present in the traditional Chinese herbal preparations (tea), leaf flavonoids, also present in the tea, have shown a variety of biological activities and may synergize the effects of artemisinin against malaria and cancer. However, only a few studies have focused on the potential synergistic effects between flavonoids and artemisinin. The resurgent idea that multi-component drug therapy might be better than monotherapy is illustrated by the recent resolution of the World Health Organization to support artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT), instead of the previously used monotherapy with artemisinins. In this critical review we will discuss the possibility that artemisinin and its semi-synthetic analogs might become more effective to treat parasitic diseases (such as malaria) and cancer if simultaneously delivered with flavonoids. The flavonoids present in A. annua leaves have been linked to suppression of CYP450 enzymes responsible for altering the absorption and metabolism of artemisinin in the body, but also have been linked to a beneficial immunomodulatory activity in subjects afflicted with parasitic and chronic diseases.
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Chang IC, Huang YJ, Chiang TI, Yeh CW, Hsu LS. Shikonin Induces Apoptosis through Reactive Oxygen Species/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway in Osteosarcoma Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:816-24. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Chang Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
| | - Yu-Jen Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University
| | - Tsay-I Chiang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
| | - Chi-Wei Yeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University
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Li J, Wang L, Bai H, Yang B, Yang H. Synthesis, characterization, and anti-inflammatory activities of rare earth metal complexes of luteolin. Med Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-009-9289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bellodi-Privato M, Kubrusly M, Stefano J, Soares I, Wakamatsu A, Oliveira A, Alves V, Bacchella T, Machado M, D’Albuquerque L. Differential gene expression profiles of hepatocellular carcinomas associated or not with viral infection. Braz J Med Biol Res 2009; 42:119-1127. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2009005000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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