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Geyer M, Geyer F, Reuning U, Klapproth S, Wolff KD, Nieberler M. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out of ITGB6 in human OSCC cells reduced migration and proliferation ability. Head Face Med 2024; 20:37. [PMID: 38890650 PMCID: PMC11184753 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-024-00437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains challenging and survival rates have not been improved significantly over the past decades. Integrins have been recognized driving the cancer progression and high expression levels cause poor outcomes in patients afflicted with OSCC. Integrin αvβ6 and its subunit integrin beta 6 (ITGB6) were discovered to enhance the invasiveness by providing beneficial effects on downstream pathways promoting the cancer progression. The objective of this study was to establish a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out of ITGB6 in the human OSCC cell line HN and investigate the effects on the migration and proliferation ability. METHODS ITGB6 knock out was performed using the CRISPR/Cas9-system, RNPs, and lipofection. Monoclonal cell clones were achieved by limiting dilution and knock out verification was carried out by sanger sequencing and FACS on protein level. The effects of the knock out on the proliferation and migration ability were evaluated by using MTT and scratch assays. In addition, in silico TCGA analysis was utilized regarding the effects of ITGB6 on overall survival and perineural invasion. RESULTS In silico analysis revealed a significant impact of ITGB6 mRNA expression levels on the overall survival of patients afflicted with OSCC. Additionally, a significantly higher rate of perineural invasion was discovered. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out of ITGB6 was performed in the OSCC cell line HN, resulting in the generation of a monoclonal knock out clone. The knock out clone exhibited a significantly reduced migration and proliferation ability when compared to the wildtype. CONCLUSIONS ITGB6 is a relevant factor in the progression of OSCC and can be used for the development of novel treatment strategies. The present study is the first to establish a monoclonal CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ITGB6 knockout cell clone derived from an OSCC cell line. It suggests that ITGB6 has a significant impact on the proliferative and migratory capacity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Geyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Fabian Geyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Klapproth
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dietrich Wolff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Nieberler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
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Nguyen LTT, Le XT, Pham HNT, Van Nguyen T, Nguyen PT, Van Thi Pham A, Nguyen TBT, Matsumoto K. Therapeutic effects of a standardized-flavonoid Diospyros kaki L.f. leaf extract on transient focal cerebral ischemia-induced brain injury in mice. J Nat Med 2023; 77:544-560. [PMID: 37115470 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective and therapeutic effects of Diospyros kaki L.f. leaves (DK) on transient focal cerebral ischemic injury and underlying mechanisms using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of mice. The animals received the MCAO operation on day 0. The daily administrations of DK (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o) and edaravone (6 mg/kg, i.v), a reference drug with radical scavenging activity, were started 7 days before (pre-treatment) or immediately after the MCAO operation (post-treatment) and continued during the experimental period. Histochemical, biochemical, and neurological changes and cognitive performance were evaluated. MCAO caused cerebral infarction and neuronal cell loss in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus in a manner accompanied by spatial cognitive deficits. These neurological and cognitive impairments caused by MCAO were significantly attenuated by pre- and post-ischemic treatments with DK and edaravone, suggesting that DK, like edaravone, has therapeutic potential for cerebral ischemia-induced brain damage. DK and edaravone suppressed MCAO-induced changes in biomarkers for apoptosis (TUNEL-positive cell number and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression) and oxidative stress (glutathione and malondialdehyde contents) in the brain. Interestingly, DK, but not edaravone, mitigated an increase in blood-brain permeability and down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression caused by MCAO. Although the exact chemical constituents implicated in the effects of DK remain to be clarified, the present results indicate that DK exerts neuroprotective and therapeutic activity against transient focal cerebral ischemia-induced injury probably by suppressing oxidative stress, apoptotic process, and mechanisms impairing blood-brain barrier integrity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loan Thanh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
- Department of Pharmacology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Xoan Thi Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
| | - Hang Nguyet Thi Pham
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Tai Van Nguyen
- Department of Phytochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thi Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Anh Van Thi Pham
- Department of Pharmacology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | | | - Kinzo Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
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Lian Y, Zeng S, Wen S, Zhao X, Fang C, Zeng N. Review and Application of Integrin Alpha v Beta 6 in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231189399. [PMID: 37525872 PMCID: PMC10395192 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231189399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin Alpha v Beta 6 is expressed primarily in solid epithelial tumors, such as cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. It has been considered a potential and promising molecular marker for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma share genetic, histological, and pathophysiological similarities due to the shared embryonic origin of the bile duct and pancreas. These cancers share numerous clinicopathological characteristics, including growth pattern, poor response to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and poor prognosis. This review focuses on the role of integrin Alpha v Beta 6 in cancer progression. It addition, it reviews how the marker can be used in molecular imaging and therapeutic targets. We propose further research explorations and questions that need to be addressed. We conclude that integrin Alpha v Beta 6 may serve as a potential biomarker for cancer disease progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Lian
- Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Silue Zeng
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Technology Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sai Wen
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Technology Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingyang Zhao
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Technology Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chihua Fang
- Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Technology Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zeng
- Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Technology Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Integrin Alpha v Beta 6 (αvβ6) and Its Implications in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012346. [PMID: 36293202 PMCID: PMC9603893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are necessary for cell adhesion, migration, and positioning. Essential for inducing signalling events for cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation, they also trigger a variety of signal transduction pathways involved in mediating invasion, metastasis, and squamous-cell carcinoma. Several recent studies have demonstrated that the up- and down-regulation of the expression of αv and other integrins can be a potent marker of malignant diseases and patient prognosis. This review focuses on an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-dependent integrin αVβ6, its biology, and its role in healthy humans. We examine the implications of αVβ6 in cancer progression and the promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by contributing to the activation of transforming growth factor beta TGF-β. Although αvβ6 is crucial for proper function in healthy people, it has also been validated as a target for cancer treatment. This review briefly considers aspects of targeting αVβ6 in the clinic via different therapeutic modalities.
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Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Carvacrol on N-Methyl-N′-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) Induced Gastric Carcinogenesis in Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142848. [PMID: 35889805 PMCID: PMC9323991 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvacrol is a dietary polyphenol from Lamiaceae plants that has been shown to possess a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant and antitumor effects. This study aimed to investigate its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced gastric carcinogenesis in Wistar rats. Forty-nine rats were randomly assigned to four treatment and three control groups. Over 60 days, MNNG (200 mg/kg BW) was orally applied to animals of groups 1–5 while the rats in groups 2–5 also received different doses of carvacrol (10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW, respectively) until the end of the experiment. Group 6 rats were treated with 100 mg/kg BW carvacrol and no MNNG whereas group 7 was the control group without any treatment. After the euthanasia of all rats, the inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress parameters were assessed in the blood and tissues. The expression of caspase 9, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins in the stomach tissues were investigated through histopathological examinations. Statistically significant differences were observed in the body weight, oxidative stress, and inflammation parameters of groups 1 to 6 compared to group 7 (p ≤ 0.001). Animals in MNNG groups 2 and 3 treated with the low dose carvacrol (10 and 25 mg/kg BW) showed significantly reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic effect compared to animals of the MNNG groups receiving increased doses of carvacrol (50 and 100 mg/kg BW) or no carvacrol. Rats exposed to MNNG exhibited gastric cancer cells in several areas. In the MNNG group receiving 100 mg/kg BW carvacrol, the inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in gastric mucosal and submucosal areas whereas MNNG rats supplemented with 10 and 25 mg/kg BW carvacrol showed no pathological alterations of the gastric cells. The results of this study indicate that significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects induced by carvacrol at doses of 10 and 25 mg/kg BW interfered with gastric carcinogenesis induced by MNNG in Wistar rats as well as provide hepatoprotection. However, high doses of carvacrol (50 and 100 mg/kg BW) increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Ooki A, Satoh T, Muro K, Takashima A, Kadowaki S, Sakai D, Ichimura T, Mitani S, Kudo T, Chin K, Kitano S, Thai D, Zavodovskaya M, Liu J, Boku N, Yamaguchi K. A phase 1b study of andecaliximab in combination with S-1 plus platinum in Japanese patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11007. [PMID: 35773363 PMCID: PMC9246925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Andecaliximab (ADX) is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), an extracellular enzyme involved in matrix remodeling, tumor growth, and metastasis. In preclinical models, MMP9 inhibitors have been shown to enhance the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents and to suppress distant metastasis. In this phase Ib, multicenter study, the safety and efficacy of ADX combined with S-1 plus cisplatin (SP) or S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) as a first-line treatment were evaluated in Japanese patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. ADX was administrated at a dose of 800 mg every 2 weeks for the SP cohort and 1200 mg every three weeks for the SOX cohort. As of December 2019, 16 patients were enrolled (six patients in the SP cohort and 10 patients in the SOX cohort). Peripheral sensory neuropathy (69%), anorexia (63%), nausea (56%), and decreased neutrophil counts (44%) were the most common adverse events (AEs). The grade 3 or higher AEs attributed to ADX were stomatitis and abnormal hepatic function (each one patient) in the SP cohort and decreased neutrophil counts (two patients) in the SOX cohort. The objective response rate in 11 patients with measurable target lesions was 73% (8/11), based on the investigator's evaluation. Median progression-free survival was11.9 months (90% confidence interval, 5.6-16.6), and median overall survival was not reached. In conclusion, ADX combined with S-1 plus platinum demonstrated a manageable safety profile and promising clinical activity in the first-line treatment of patients with advanced gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma.Clinical Trial Registration information: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02862535 (11/08/2016) and protocol ID: GS-US-296-1884.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ooki
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Taroh Satoh
- Palliative and Supportive Care Center, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Muro
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuo Takashima
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kadowaki
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Palliative and Supportive Care Center, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ichimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Mitani
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kudo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisho Chin
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Kitano
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dung Thai
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Narikazu Boku
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
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Dai YP, Gao XQ. Effects of silencing epididymal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression on hyaluronidase (HYD) activity in arsenic poisoning rats through downregulating VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Bioengineered 2021; 12:1351-1359. [PMID: 33904385 PMCID: PMC8806240 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1915726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) was used to investigate the role of epididymal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression on sperm hyaluronidase (HYD) in a rat model of arsenic poisoning and to identify a new gene therapy target for male infertility caused by arsenic poisoning. The Rat model of chronic arsenic poisoning was established. And we found that positive expression of VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was observed by Immunohistochemical staining in the epididymal tissues of arsenic-exposed rats. Subsequently, VEGF-shRNA-1, VEGF-shRNA-2 and VEGF shRNA-3 expression vectors containing epididymal VEGF-shRNA lentivirus were constructed and injected into the bilateral epididymis of each group of rats (Control group, NC-shRNA negative infection group, VEGF-shRNA-1 group, VEGF-shRNA-2 group, VEGF-shRNA-3 group) (n = 10 per group). Compared with the negative infection group and the normal control group, the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased following epididymal infection. In addition, the HYD activity was all significantly lower than that in the normal control group and the negative infection group. Taken together, epididymal VEGF gene silencing may inhibit the activity of sperm HYD through downregulating VEGFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-ping Dai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital in Yueyanglou District, Yueyang, Hunan, China
- Centre for Reproductive Research, National School of Medicine Guiyang Medical University Magic, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao-qin Gao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Centre for Reproductive Research, National School of Medicine Guiyang Medical University Magic, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Li Z, Sun Y, Xu J, Yang H, Liu X, Tian Y, Cao S, Zhou Y. Integrin-β6 Serves as a Potential Prognostic Serum Biomarker for Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:770997. [PMID: 34796117 PMCID: PMC8593195 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.770997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering novel biomarkers that easily accessed is a key step towards the personalized medicine approach for gastric cancer patients. Integrin-β6 (ITGB6) is a subtype of integrin that is exclusively expressed on the surface of epithelial cells and is up-regulated in various tumors. In the present study, a retrospective cohort with 135 gastric cancer patients and a prospective cohort with 34 gastric cancer patients were constructed, ITGB6 expression were detected in both the serum specimens and the tissue specimens. Detailed clinicopathological parameters as well as patients' survival were recorded. A nomogram including ITGB6 expression was also constructed and validated to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Results showed that serum ITGB6 expression was obviously increased and associated with tumor stage in gastric cancer patients, serum ITGB6 expression was relatively high in patients with liver metastasis. High ITGB6 expression indicated a poor prognosis, and nomogram including serum ITGB6 expression could predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients effectively. Moreover, serum ITGB6 expression was associated with ITGB6 expression in tumor tissues. Furthermore, combined serum ITGB6 and CEA levels contributed to the risk stratification and prognostic prediction for gastric cancer patients. In addition, the serum expression of ITGB6 decreased significantly after radical surgery, and a new rise in serum ITGB6 expression indicated tumor recurrence or progression. The present study identified a novel serum biomarker for the risk stratification, prognostic prediction and surveillance of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqi Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianfei Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yulong Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shougen Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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MicroRNA-4316 inhibits gastric cancer proliferation and migration via directly targeting VEGF-A. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:62. [PMID: 32123520 PMCID: PMC7036244 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to regulate proliferation and migration by down-regulating the expression of target genes. The aims of this study were to investigate whether miR-4316 inhibited proliferation and migration by downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and its clinical significance in gastric cancer (GC). Methods The clinical tissues of the GC patients for miR-4316 and VEGF-A were detected by qRT-PCR. The protein levels of VEGF-A and c-Met were determined by western blotting. Cell Proliferation, migration, and colony forming assays were conducted to show whether miR-4316 affects proliferation by CCK-8, migration by transwell, wound healing and colony formation assays. The bioinformatic methods and luciferase reporter assay were applied to detect the relationship between miRNA and VEGF-A on its targeting 3-untranslated regions (3-UTRs). CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assay were performed to explore the function of miR-4316. Results The results of qRT-PCR indicated that miR-4316 expression level was significantly downregulated in human GC tissues and GC cell lines compared with their control. miR-4316 inhibited proliferation, migration and colony formation in GC cell lines by reducing VEGF-A. And western blot results indicated that miR-4316 significantly inhibited GC through repressing VEGF-A and c-Met. The investigation of Luciferase assay indicated that VEGF-A is a direct target gene of miR-4316. Conclusions miR-4316 suppressed proliferation and migration of GC through the VEGF-A gene. MiR-4316 acts as a tumor suppressor by targeting VEGF-A and this indicated that MiR-4316 might be a potential therapeutic target for GC.
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Park JH, Seo JH, Jeon HY, Seo SM, Lee HK, Park JI, Kim JY, Choi YK. Lentivirus-Mediated VEGF Knockdown Suppresses Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation and Tumor Growth in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1331-1341. [PMID: 32104000 PMCID: PMC7025738 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s234344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gastric cancer has a high mortality rate worldwide. Although treatments, such as molecular-targeted therapy, have been introduced, the resulting long-term survival and prognosis remain unsatisfactory. Downregulation of the target genes using lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) can be an effective therapeutic strategy for patients with gastric cancer. Overexpressed vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) in human gastric cancer cells can be an effective novel therapeutic target for human gastric cancer. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of lentivirus-mediated knockdown of VEGF gene expression in human gastric cancer growth. Materials and Methods Specific shRNA sequences targeting VEGF were designed to construct a lentiviral expression vector. After human gastric carcinoma cells (cell line NCI-N87) were infected with the lentiviral vector, the therapeutic effects of the lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting VEGF were analyzed both in vitro and in vivo. Results Stable suppression of VEGF gene expression in NCI-N87 cells using shRNA (ShVEGF) showed significant inhibition of cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and cell motility. ShVEGF also showed increased G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, in vivo results from nude mice xenografted ShVEGF showed significant inhibition of tumor growth. Assessing the therapeutic effects of intratumoral injection of lentivirus-targeting VEGF (Virus_VEGF) revealed that it significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to that in the Virus_Scramble or saline injection control groups. Conclusion The constructed ShVEGF showed significant inhibition of NCI-N87 gastric cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. These experimental results suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with gastric cancer using lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyung Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.,Helixmith Co. Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Seo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.,Department of Core Research Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Min Seo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kyul Lee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Il Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.,Helixmith Co. Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Kyu Choi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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The Extracellular Matrix: An Accomplice in Gastric Cancer Development and Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020394. [PMID: 32046329 PMCID: PMC7072625 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and highly organized tissue structure, providing support and maintaining normal epithelial architecture. In the last decade, increasing evidence has emerged demonstrating that alterations in ECM composition and assembly strongly affect cellular function and behavior. Even though the detailed mechanisms underlying cell-ECM crosstalk are yet to unravel, it is well established that ECM deregulation accompanies the development of many pathological conditions, such as gastric cancer. Notably, gastric cancer remains a worldwide concern, representing the third most frequent cause of cancer-associated deaths. Despite increased surveillance protocols, patients are usually diagnosed at advanced disease stages, urging the identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers and efficient therapeutic strategies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview regarding expression patterns of ECM components and cognate receptors described in normal gastric epithelium, pre-malignant lesions, and gastric carcinomas. Important insights are also discussed for the use of ECM-associated molecules as predictive biomarkers of the disease or as potential targets in gastric cancer.
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12
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Cheng Y, Jiang S, Yuan J, Liu J, Simoncini T. Vascular endothelial growth factor C promotes cervical cancer cell invasiveness via regulation of microRNA-326/cortactin expression. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:853-858. [PMID: 29658350 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1458304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) accelerates cervical cancer metastasis, while the detailed mechanism remains largely unknown. Recent evidence indicates that microRNA play a crucial role in controlling cancer cell invasiveness. In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-326 in VEGF-C-induced cervical cancer cell invasion. VEGF-C expression was higher and miR-326 was much lower in primary cervical cancer specimens than that in non-cancerous specimens, and a negative correlation between VEGF-C and miR-326 was found. On cervical carcinoma cell line SiHa cells, treatment with VEGF-C downregulated miR-326 level and increased cortactin protein expression. Transfection with miR-326 mimic reversed cortactin expression induced by VEGF-C, suggesting that VEGF-C increased cortactin via downregulation of miR-326. VEGF-C activated c-Src and c-Src inhibitor PP2 abolished VEGF-C effect on miR-326 and cortactin expression, implying that VEGF-C regulated miR-326/cortactin via c-Src signaling. VEGF-C promoted SiHa cell invasion index, which was largely inhibited by transfection with miR-326 antagonist or by siRNA against cortactin. In conclusion, our findings implied that VEGF-C reduced miR-326 expression and increased cortactin expression through c-Src signaling, leading to enhanced cervical cancer invasiveness. This may shed light on potential therapeutic strategies for cervical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Guangzhou First People's Hospital , Guangdong , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shuyi Jiang
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Guangzhou First People's Hospital , Guangdong , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jin Yuan
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Guangzhou First People's Hospital , Guangdong , Guangzhou , China
| | - Junxiu Liu
- b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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13
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Li Z, Biswas S, Liang B, Zou X, Shan L, Li Y, Fang R, Niu J. Integrin β6 serves as an immunohistochemical marker for lymph node metastasis and promotes cell invasiveness in cholangiocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30081. [PMID: 27440504 PMCID: PMC4954992 DOI: 10.1038/srep30081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a devastating malignancy that is notoriously difficult to diagnose and is associated with a high mortality. Despite extensive efforts to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this neoplasm, limited progress has been made. Integrin β6 is a subtype of integrin that is expressed exclusively on the surfaces of epithelial cells and is associated with a variety of tumors. In the present study, we investigated the expression and roles of integrin β6 in cholangiocarcinoma. β6 upregulation in cholangiocarcinoma was correlated with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Moreover, integrin β6 was identified as a biomarker for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma and an indicator of lymph node metastasis. Integrin β6 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, integrin β6 increased Rac1-GTPase, resulting in the upregulation of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and F-actin polymerization. Taken together, our results indicate that integrin β6 promotes tumor invasiveness in a Rac1-dependent manner and is a potential biomarker for tumor metastasis. Integrin β6 may help to improve the diagnostic accuracy, and targeting β6 may be a novel strategy for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Siddhartha Biswas
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Benjia Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xueqing Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Liqun Shan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ruliang Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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14
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Tong W, Ye F, He L, Cui L, Cui M, Hu Y, Li W, Jiang J, Zhang DY, Suo J. Serum biomarker panels for diagnosis of gastric cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:2455-63. [PMID: 27217769 PMCID: PMC4853138 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s86139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Currently, serum biomarkers that are sufficiently sensitive and specific for early detection and risk classification of gastric adenocarcinomas are not known. In this study, ten serum markers were assessed using the Luminex system and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of gastric cancer and analysis of the relation between prognosis and metastases. Patients and methods A training set consisting of 228 gastric adenocarcinoma and 190 control samples was examined. A Luminex multiplex panel with nine biomarkers, consisting of three proteins discovered through our previous studies and six proteins previously reported to be cancer-associated, was constructed. One additional biomarker was detected using a commercial kit containing EDTA. Logistic regression, random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) were used to identify the panel of discriminatory biomarkers in the training set. After selecting five proteins as candidate biomarkers, multivariate classification analyses were used to identify algorithms for diagnostic biomarker combinations. These algorithms were independently validated using a set of 57 gastric adenocarcinoma and 48 control samples. Results Serum pepsinogen I, serum pepsinogen II, A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 8 (ADAM8), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and serum IgG to Helicobacter pylori were selected as classifiers in the three algorithms. These algorithms differentiated between the majority of gastric adenocarcinoma and control serum samples in the training/test set with high accuracy (RF 79.0%, SVM 83.8%, logistic regression 76.2%). These algorithms also differentiated the samples in the validation set (accuracy: RF 82.5%, SVM 86.1%, logistic regression 78.7%). Conclusion A panel of combinatorial biomarkers comprising VEGF, ADAM8, IgG to H. pylori, serum pepsinogen I, and pepsinogen II were developed. The use of biomarkers is a less invasive method for the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. They may supplement clinical gastroscopic evaluation of symptomatic gastric cancer patients and enhance the diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Tong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liang He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Cui
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - David Y Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian Suo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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15
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Lian PL, Liu Z, Yang GY, Zhao R, Zhang ZY, Chen YG, Zhuang ZN, Xu KS. Integrin αvβ6 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 correlate with survival in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3852-3859. [PMID: 27076771 PMCID: PMC4814749 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i14.3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of integrin αvβ6 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), their association with prognostic factors and to assess their predictive role in gastric cancer patients.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expressions of integrin αvβ6 and MMP-9 in 126 specimens from patients with primary gastric carcinoma. Associations between immunohistochemical staining and various clinic pathologic variables of tissue specimens were evaluated by the χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test. Expression correlation of αvβ6 and MMP-9 was assessed using bivariate correlation analysis. The patients were followed-up every 3 mo in the first two years and at least every 6 mo afterwards, with a median follow-up of 56 mo (ranging from 2 mo to 94 mo). Four different combinations of αvβ6 and MMP-9 levels (that is, both markers positive, both markers negative, αvβ6 positive with MMP-9 negative, and αvβ6 negative with MMP-9 positive) were evaluated for their relative effect on survival. The difference in survival curves was evaluated with a log-rank test. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards model analysis.
RESULTS: The expressions of integrin αvβ6 and MMP-9 were investigated in 126 cases, among which 34.92% were positive for αvβ6 expression, and 42.06% for MMP-9 expression. The expression of αvβ6 was associated with Lauren type, differentiation, N stage, and TNM stage (the P values were 0.006, 0.038, 0.016, and 0.002, respectively). While MMP-9 expression was associated with differentiation, T stage, N stage, and TNM stage (the P values were 0.039, 0.014, 0.033, and 0.008, respectively). The positive correlation between αvβ6 and MMP-9 in gastric cancer was confirmed by a correlation analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with expression of αvβ6 or MMP-9 alone died earlier than those with negative expression and that patients who were both αvβ6 and MMP-9 positive had a shorter overall survival than those with the opposite pattern (both αvβ6 and MMP-9 negative) (P = 0.000). A Cox model indicated that positive expression of αvβ6 and MMP-9, diffuse Lauren type, as well as a senior grade of N stage, M stage, and TNM stage were predictors of a poor prognosis in univariate analysis. Only αvβ6 and MMP-9 retained their significance when adjustments were made for other known prognostic factors in multivariate analysis (RR = 2.632, P = 0.003 and RR = 1.813, P = 0.007).
CONCLUSION: The expression of αvβ6 and MMP-9 are closely correlated, and the combinational pattern of αvβ6 and MMP-9 can serve as a more effective prognostic index for gastric cancer patients.
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16
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Dai J, Wang J, Yang L, Xiao Y, Ruan Q. miR-125a regulates angiogenesis of gastric cancer by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1801-10. [PMID: 26398444 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent discovery revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) have an essential effect in the development and progression of gastric cancer (GC). It has already been shown that miR‑125a may inhibit tumor development by targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2) in GC; however, the other roles of miR‑125a in gastric cancer remained to be explored. Our study confirmed that miR‑125a was indeed capable of modulating the expression of VEGF-A in gastric cancer cells. In vitro, low expression of miR‑125a was able to maintain the secretion of VEGF-A, while the latter increased Akt phosphorylation level in endothelial cells and thereby promoted the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our investigation showed that miR‑125a expression decreased significantly in gastric cancer comparing with normal gastric tissue and was negatively correlated with the expression of VEGF-A (P<0.05). In vivo, the expression of miR‑125a was inversely proportional to microvessel density (MVD) (r=-0.5382, P<0.001). The results of this study suggested that low expression of miR‑125a predict a worse survival in gastric cancer patients. Collectively, our results indicated that miR‑125a regulated the paracrine of VEGF-A in gastric cancer and thereby controlled the angiogenesis of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Institute of Pathology of Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Lili Yang
- Institute of Pathology of Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Institute of Pathology of Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Qiurong Ruan
- Institute of Pathology of Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
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17
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Zhao R, Chang Y, Liu Z, Liu Y, Guo S, Yu J, Wang J. Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression on lymph node metastasis in human cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1011-1015. [PMID: 26622616 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) in human cholangiocarcinoma tissues and its role in metastasis in vitro. A total of 65 biopsy samples of cholangiocarcinoma, plus the FRH-0201 cell line, were investigated. The expression of VEGF-C in the human cholangiocarcinoma specimens was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effect of VEGF-C on tumor cell migration and proliferation was measured by MTT and Transwell assays in the FRH-0201 cell line. According to the IHC results, the biopsies of human cholangiocarcinoma were stained positively for VEGF-C, with a positive rate of 75.4% (49/65). Moreover, VEGF-C was expressed at a higher level in the patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis. In vitro, VEGF-C exhibited marked growth stimulation below the concentration of 5 ng/ml and was able to promote cholangiocarcinoma cell migration significantly. These findings suggested that VEGF-C may be a useful factor to predict lymph node metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma tissues and indicates that VEGF-C plays a significant role in proliferation and migration in cholangiocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jiayong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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18
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Wei ZW, Xia GK, Wu Y, Chen W, Xiang Z, Schwarz RE, Brekken RA, Awasthi N, He YL, Zhang CH. CXCL1 promotes tumor growth through VEGF pathway activation and is associated with inferior survival in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 359:335-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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20
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CHEN HONG, ZOU YANG, YANG HONG, WANG JINGJING, PAN HONG. Downregulation of FoxM1 inhibits proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of HeLa cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2355-64. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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21
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Wang P, Liu Z, Liu X, Teng H, Zhang C, Hou L, Zou X. Anti-metastasis effect of fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls in mouse hepatocarcinoma Hca-F cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106071. [PMID: 25162296 PMCID: PMC4146566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the major causes of cancer-related death. It is a complex biological process involving multiple genes, steps, and phases. It is also closely connected to many biological activities of cancer cells, such as growth, invasion, adhesion, hematogenous metastasis, and lymphatic metastasis. Fucoidan derived from Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls (Ups-fucoidan) is a sulfated polysaccharide with more biological activities than other fucoidans. However, there is no information on the effects of Ups-fucoidan on tumor invasion and metastasis. We used the mouse hepatocarcinoma Hca-F cell line, which has high invasive and lymphatic metastasis potential in vitro and in vivo, to examine the effect of Ups-fucoidan on cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Ups-fucoidan exerted a concentration- and time-dependent inhibitory effect on tumor metastasis in vivo and inhibited Hca-F cell growth, migration, invasion, and adhesion capabilities in vitro. Ups-fucoidan inhibited growth and metastasis by downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) C/VEGF receptor 3, hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, phosphorylated (p) phosphoinositide 3-kinase, p-Akt, p-extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), and suppressed adhesion and invasion by downregulating L-Selectin, and upregulating protein levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The results suggest that Ups-fucoidan suppresses Hca-F cell growth, adhesion, invasion, and metastasis capabilities and that these functions are mediated through the mechanism involving inactivation of the NF-κB pathway mediated by PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclin D1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclin D1/genetics
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/genetics
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Male
- Mice
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/isolation & purification
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/metabolism
- Undaria/chemistry
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisheng Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xianli Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Hongming Teng
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Cuili Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Lin Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Zou
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
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22
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β6 integrin induces the expression of metalloproteinase-3 and metalloproteinase-9 in colon cancer cells via ERK-ETS1 pathway. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:427-37. [PMID: 25135220 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that β6 integrin played an important role in the progression of colon cancer. In this study, we demonstrated that β6 integrin induced the expression of MMP-3/MMP-9 and the invasion of colon cancer cells. Moreover, that function was abolished by the inhibition of ERK/MAPK pathways or knockdown of ETS1, an important transcription factor of MMP genes. Here, we showed that β6 induced phosphorylation of ETS1 via the ERK/MAPK pathways, through which the MMP-3/MMP-9 promoters were stimulated, thereby leading to the up-regulation of MMP-3/MMP-9, and subsequent the invasion of colon cancer cells.
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23
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Zhuang ZN, Xu ZJ, Zhou Q, Xu XZ, Tian J, Liu YF, Guo S, Wang JY, Xu KS. Clinical significance of integrin β6 as a tumor recurrence factor in follicular thyroid carcinoma. Head Neck 2014; 37:1439-47. [PMID: 24844802 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of integrin β6 plays an important role in a variety of malignant tumor invasion and metastasis. METHODS The expression levels of integrin β6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry with human follicular thyroid carcinomas. Then we investigated their correlation with clinical outcomes parameters, relationship, and the survival time. RESULTS The integrin β6 staining was expressed in cellular membrane and cytoplasm of follicular thyroid carcinoma cells. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions were mainly found in cellular cytoplasm. In correlation with the clinical outcome parameters of 60 patients, there were significant statistical differences of integrin β6, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression levels in different size of tumor. Integrin β6 and MMP-9 expressions have significant statistical differences in T classifications. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions have significant statistical differences in different M classification. Other clinical outcome parameters had no significant statistical differences. CONCLUSION Integrin β6 expression correlated significantly with MMP-9 expression, and may be a valuable recurrence indicator for follicular thyroid carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-nan Zhuang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-jie Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Rizhao People's Hospital, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-zhou Xu
- Department of Surgery, Chang-Hai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jessie Tian
- Department of Lymphoma, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Yan-feng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-yong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-sen Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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24
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Moutasim KA, Mellows T, Mellone M, Lopez MA, Tod J, Kiely PC, Sapienza K, Greco A, Neill GW, Violette S, Weinreb PH, Marshall JF, Ottensmeier CH, Sayan AE, Jenei V, Thomas GJ. Suppression of Hedgehog signalling promotes pro-tumourigenic integrin expression and function. J Pathol 2014; 233:196-208. [PMID: 24573955 DOI: 10.1002/path.4342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant Hedgehog (Hh) signalling has been reported in a number of malignancies, particularly basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin. Clinical trials of Hh inhibitors are underway in many cancers, and these have produced significant clinical benefit in BCC patients, although regrowth of new, or clinically aggressive, variants, as well as development of secondary malignancies, has been reported. αvβ6 integrin is expressed in many cancers, where it has been shown to correlate with an aggressive tumour phenotype and poor prognosis. We have previously reported αvβ6 up-regulation in aggressive, morphoeic BCC variants, where it modulates the stromal response and induces invasion. To examine a possible link between Hh and αvβ6 function, we generated BCC models, overexpressing Gli1 in immortalized keratinocytes (NTert1, HaCaT). Unexpectedly, we found that suppressing Gli1 significantly increased αvβ6 expression. This promoted tumour cell motility and also stromal myofibroblast differentiation through integrin-dependent TGF-β1 activation. Gli1 inhibited αvβ6 expression by suppressing TGF-β1-induced Smad2/3 activation, blocking a positive feedback loop maintaining high αvβ6 levels. A similar mechanism was observed in AsPC1 pancreatic cancer cells expressing endogenous Gli1, suggesting a common mechanism across tumour types. In vitro findings were supported using human clinical samples, where we showed an inverse correlation between αvβ6 and Gli1 expression in different BCC subtypes and pancreatic cancers. In summary, we show that expression of Gli1 and αvβ6 inversely correlates in tumours in vivo, and Hh targeting up-regulates TGF-β1/Smad2/3-dependent αvβ6 expression, promoting pro-tumourigenic cell functions in vitro. These results have potential clinical significance, given the reported recurrence of BCC variants and secondary malignancies in patients treated by Hh targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karwan A Moutasim
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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Longmate WM, DiPersio CM. Integrin Regulation of Epidermal Functions in Wounds. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014; 3:229-246. [PMID: 24669359 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Integrins are bidirectional signaling receptors for extracellular matrix that regulate both inside-out signaling that controls keratinocyte-mediated changes to the wound microenvironment and outside-in signaling that controls keratinocyte responses to microenvironmental changes. As such, integrins represent attractive therapeutic targets for treatment of chronic wounds or general promotion of wound healing. Advances in wound management are particularly important as the elderly and diabetic populations within the United States continue to grow. Recent Advances: Although integrins are best known for mediating cell adhesion and migration, integrins in wound epidermis also control cell survival, proliferation, matrix remodeling, and paracrine crosstalk to other cellular compartments of the wound. Importantly, the concept of targeting integrins in the clinic has been established for treatment of certain cancers and other diseases, laying the groundwork for similar exploitation of integrins as targets to treat chronic wounds. Critical Issues: Despite their attractiveness as therapeutic targets, integrins have complex roles in wound healing that are impacted by both their own expression and a highly dynamic wound microenvironment that determines ligand availability. Therefore, identifying relevant integrin ligands in the wound and understanding both distinct and overlapping functions that different integrins play in the epidermis will be critical to determine their precise roles in wound healing. Future Directions: Future research should focus on gaining a thorough understanding of the highly coordinated functions of different integrins in wound epidermis, and on determining which of these functions go awry in pathological wounds. This focus should facilitate development of integrin-targeting therapeutics for treating chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney M. Longmate
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - C. Michael DiPersio
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
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Yao J, Da M, Guo T, Duan Y, Zhang Y. RNAi-mediated gene silencing of vascular endothelial growth factor-C inhibits tumor lymphangiogenesis and growth of gastric cancer in vivo in mice. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1493-501. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Okubo M, Kimura T, Fujita Y, Mochizuki S, Niki Y, Enomoto H, Suda Y, Toyama Y, Okada Y. Semaphorin 3A is expressed in human osteoarthritic cartilage and antagonizes vascular endothelial growth factor 165-promoted chondrocyte migration: an implication for chondrocyte cloning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 63:3000-9. [PMID: 21953086 DOI: 10.1002/art.30482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) and its receptors, including neuropilin 1 (NRP-1), are overexpressed in human osteoarthritic (OA) articular cartilage, although their functional roles in the cartilage are not fully understood. An axon-guidance molecule, semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), which binds to NRP-1, acts as an antagonist of VEGF signaling in endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of Sema3A and the functions of the VEGF165/Sema3A/NRP-1 axis in OA cartilage. METHODS The expression of Sema3A in OA and normal cartilage samples was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses. Functional analyses of VEGF165 and Sema3A were carried out using OA chondrocytes in culture. The migration activity of chondrocytes was examined in a monolayer wound assay. The effects of Sema3A on VEGF165-induced up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and intracellular signaling were also studied in cultured chondrocytes. RESULTS Sema3A expression was significantly elevated in OA cartilage as compared to normal cartilage. Sema3A immunoreactivity directly correlated with the Mankin score and with chondrocyte cloning. VEGF165 promoted the migration of chondrocytes, and this activity was suppressed by VEGF receptor 2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Sema3A antagonized the chondrocyte migration promoted by VEGF165, and the activity was blocked by a selective inhibitor of, or small interfering RNA for, Sema3A. VEGF165-induced overexpression of MMPs and phosphorylation of ERK and focal adhesion kinase in chondrocytes were inhibited by Sema3A. CONCLUSION Our findings provide the first evidence that Sema3A is overexpressed, with a direct correlation with cloning, in OA cartilage and that it suppresses the VEGF165-promoted migration of chondrocytes. Our findings also suggest that Sema3A plays a role in chondrocyte cloning through inhibition of cell migration in OA cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Okubo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu YF, Guo S, Zhao R, Chen YG, Wang XQ, Xu KS. Correlation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression with tumor recurrence and poor prognosis in patients with pN0 gastric cancer. World J Surg 2012; 36:109-17. [PMID: 21773953 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-011-1192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 play important roles in tumor angiogenesis, development, and progression. This study investigates the expression of VEGF combined with MMP-9, their correlation with clinical characteristics, and their effect on the prognosis for patients with pN0 gastric cancer after curative surgery. METHODS A total of 55 patients were enrolled in the study. They were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and their correlation with clinical characteristics was then investigated. Their relations and the survival time of patients were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS VEGF and MMP-9 were positively expressed in 24 (43.6%) and 16 (29.1%) patients, respectively, and had a positive correlation (r = 0.324, p = 0.016) in the Spearman rank correlation analysis. Univariate analysis showed that VEGF, MMP-9 expression, vascular invasion, T stage, and tumor size were associated with tumor recurrence as well as the disease-specific (DSS) and overall (OS) survival rates. Patients with positive VEGF expression showed significantly higher recurrence and poorer DSS and OS rates compared with those with negative VEGF expression. Multivariate analysis showed that VEGF expression, vascular invasion, T stage (serosal invasion), and tumor size were significant independent prognostic factors for tumor recurrence, DSS, and OS in patients with pN0 gastric cancer with the exception that T stage was not for DSS. CONCLUSIONS VEGF expression, vascular invasion, T stage (serosal invasion), and tumor size can be used as valuable prognosticators in predicting tumor recurrence and prognosis for patients with pN0 gastric cancer after curative surgery. VEGF may have a synergistic effect with MMP-9 during tumor angiogenesis, development, and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
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Wang X, Deng R, Lu Y, Xu Q, Yan M, Ye D, Chen W. Gambogic acid as a non-competitive inhibitor of ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 reverses the multidrug resistance of human epithelial cancers by promoting ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 protein degradation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 112:25-33. [PMID: 22759348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gambogic acid (GA) is known for its anti-cancer activity in a phase II clinical trial. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of its anti-multidrug resistance remain unclear. The present study was designed to study the relationship between GA and multidrug-resistant protein ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1). GA dose dependently inhibited ABCB1 activity levels in the in vitro Pgp-Glo assay system and increased the cellular accumulation of ABCB1 substrate adriamycin. Although GA had no significant influence on ABCB1 mRNA in the real-time PCR assay, Western blot detection indicated the compound reduced ABCB1 protein levels. Further study showed the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 reversed the GA-decreased ABCB1 level and prolonged half-life of ABCB1. It was also found that GA coordinated with other anti-cancer drugs (such as adriamycin, docetaxel, verapamil and protopanaxadiol) to enhance cellular cytotoxicity on human epithelial cancer cell lines with higher ABCB1 expression levels. These data suggest that GA functions as a non-competitive inhibitor of ABCB1 by directly inhibiting and reducing its expression levels by promoting protein degradation through post-translational proteasome pathway. The results of this study will aid in the understanding of the synergistic effects of combining GA with other drugs as a new anti-multidrug-resistant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF-R genotyping in guiding the metastatic process in pT4a resected gastric cancer patients. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38192. [PMID: 22808003 PMCID: PMC3392267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In radically resected gastric cancer the possibility to predict the site of relapse could be clinically relevant for the selection of post-surgical management. We previously showed that specific tumour integrins genotypes are independently associated with either peritoneal or hematogenous metastases (ITGA and ITGV). Recently VEGF and VEGF-R polymorphisms have been demonstrated to potentially affect tumour angiogenesis and the metastatic process in gastric cancer. We then investigated the role of VEGFs and VEGF-R genotyping in determining either peritoneal carcinosis or hematogenous metastases in radically resected gastric cancer patients. Tumour genotyping for integrins (ITGA and ITGV) was also performed according to our previous findings. Genotyping for VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGFR-1,2,3 and ITGA and ITGV was carried out on pT4a radically resected gastric tumours recurring with either peritoneal-only carcinosis or hematogenous metastases. 101 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 57 with peritoneal carcinomatosis only and 44 with hematogenous spread only. At multivariate analysis, intestinal histology and the AC genotype of rs699947 (VEGFA) showed to independently correlate with hematogenous metastases (p = 0.0008 and 0.008 respectively), whereas diffuse histology and the AA genotype of rs2269772 (ITGA) independently correlated with peritoneal-only diffusion (p = <0.0001 and 0.03 respectively). Our results seem to indicate that combining information from genotyping of rs699947 (VEGFA, AC), rs2269772 (ITGA, AA) and tumour histology could allow clinicians to individuate gastric cancer at high risk for recurrence either with peritoneal or hematogenous metastases. The selection tool deriving from this analysis may allow an optimal use of the available treatment strategies in these patients.
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Hung WY, Huang KH, Wu CW, Chi CW, Kao HL, Li AFY, Yin PH, Lee HC. Mitochondrial dysfunction promotes cell migration via reactive oxygen species-enhanced β5-integrin expression in human gastric cancer SC-M1 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1102-10. [PMID: 22561002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to promote cancer cell migration. However, molecular mechanism by which mitochondrial dysfunction enhances gastric cancer (GC) cell migration remains unclear. METHODS Mitochondria specific inhibitors, oligomycin and antimycin A, were used to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and to enhance cell migration of human gastric cancer SC-M1 cells. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used for evaluating the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Protein expressions of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and the cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion molecules, the integrin family, were analyzed. A migratory subpopulation of SC-M1 cells (SC-M1-3rd) was selected using a transwell assay for examining the association of mitochondrial bioenergetic function, intracellular ROS content and β5-integrin expression. Clinicopathologic characteristics of β5-integrin expression were analyzed in GC specimens by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Treatments with mitochondrial inhibitors elevated mitochondria-generated ROS and cell migration of SC-M1 cells. The protein expression of β5-integrin and cell surface expression of αvβ5-integrin were upregulated, and which were suppressed by NAC. Pretreatments with NAC and anti-αvβ5-integrin neutralizing antibody respectively prevented the mitochondrial dysfunction-induced cell migration. The selected migratory SC-M1-3rd cells showed impaired mitochondrial function, higher mitochondria-generated ROS, and increased β5-integrin expression. The migration ability was also repressed by anti-αvβ5-integrin neutralizing antibody. In clinical specimens, GCs with higher β5-integrin protein expression had more aggressive behavior. In conclusion, mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to GC progression by enhancing migration through mitochondria-generated ROS mediated β5-integrin expression. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These results support the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Hung
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, and Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yue J, Zhang K, Chen J. Role of integrins in regulating proteases to mediate extracellular matrix remodeling. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2012; 5:275-83. [PMID: 22437309 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-012-0101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an extracellular scaffold composed of complex mixtures of proteins that plays a pivotal role in tumor progression. ECM remodeling is crucial for tumor migration and invasion during the process of metastasis. ECM can be remodeled by several processes including synthesis, contraction and proteolytic degradation. In order to cross through the ECM barriers, malignant cells produce a spectrum of extracellular proteinases including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), serine proteases (mainly the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system) and cysteine proteases to degrade ECM components. As major adhesion molecules to support cell attachment to ECM, integrins play critical roles in tumor progression by enhancing tumor cell survival, migration and invasion. Previous studies have shown that integrins can regulate the expression and activity of these proteases through different pathways. This review summarizes the roles of MMPs and uPA system in ECM remodeling and discusses the regulatory functions of integrins on these proteases in invasive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 YueYang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Kong GM, Zhang XR, Wu KY, Zhao FY, Zhu HH, Zhang XD, Liao YX, Bo P. Inhibitory effect of KDR-specific monoclonal antibody on tumor growth in nude mice bearing human gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:2925-2930. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i28.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the anti-cancer activity of monoclonal antibody (mA) against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor II (KDR) in nude mice bearing human gastric cancer.
METHODS: BALB/c nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated with human gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901) to develop a xenograft model of human gastric cancer. When tumor volume reached 100-300 mm3, all mice were randomly divided into three groups and intraperitoneally injected with KDR-mAb, 5-FU and physiological saline, respectively. Ten days after injection, all tumors were removed, measured, and weighted. The reduced rate of tumor growth was calculated. VEGF expression was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: KDR-mAb inhibited the growth of solid tumors compared to the two control groups (1889.94 mm3 ± 396.64 mm3vs 9398.34 mm3± 7413.96 mm3, 1.07 g± 0.58 g vs 1.68 g± 0.18 g, both P < 0. 05), and the reduced rate of tumor growth was up to 36. 3%. VEGF expression was significantly inhibited in tumors in the KDR-mAb treated group (P < 0. 05).
CONCLUSION: KDR-mAb can inhibit the growth of solid tumors in a mouse xenograft model of gastric cancer and may be used for clinical treatment of human gastric cancer.
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Chu ESM, Sze SCW, Cheung HP, Wong KL, Liu Q, Ng TB, Tong Y. Differential effects of anti-metastatic mechanism of Tian-Xian liquid (TXL) and its bioactive fractions on human colorectal cancer models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:403-413. [PMID: 21669277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to elucidate and compare the anti-metastatic mechanism of Tian-Xian liquid (TXL) and its bioactive components namely butanol (BU), ethyl-acetate (EA) and aqueous (WA) fractions on human colorectal cancer in vitro (HT-29 cancer cells) and in vivo (nude mouse xenografts). MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-proliferative effects of TXL and its bioactive components in HT-29 cells were determined by MTT assay. Their modulations on the potential angiogenic and metastatic marker expressions on HT-29 cells and xenografts were investigated by real-time PCR and Western blot at transcriptional and translational levels, respectively. For the in vitro study, migration abilities of HT-29 cells were determined using wound healing assay. For the in vivo study, daily measurements of the tumor size and volume of the xenografts were also performed. RESULTS TXL, BU, EA and WA effectively inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IC(50) value of TXL on HT-29 cells was obtained after incubation with 1% (v/v) TXL for 4h; whereas IC(50) values were obtained for the following bioactive components: BU at 1.25% (v/v); EA at 5% (v/v); and WA at 0.3125% (v/v). It was found that 1% (v/v) TXL significantly down-regulated MMP2 and MMP7 expression at both transcriptional and translational levels and it reduced MMP9 and VEGF protein expression in vitro. TXL decreased the metastatic ability of HT-29 cells as demonstrated by wound healing assay. TXL and its bioactive fractions caused no significant changes in the body weight indicating lack of toxicity to the xenografts. CONCLUSIONS In summary, TXL multi-targeted to down-regulate the metastatic markers in both in vitro and in vivo models. However, the effects of its bioactive fractions were not obvious. This study profoundly elucidated the anti-proliferative mechanism of TXL, which is vital for the development of future anti-cancer regime in Chinese medicinal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S M Chu
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Luo D, Zheng MY, Huang H. Role of integrins in invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer: potential therapeutic implications. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:2540-2545. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i24.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a large family of cell adhesion molecules that are involved in many important cellular and pathological functions including cell survival, growth, differentiation, migration, inflammatory responses, platelet aggregation, tissue repair and tumor invasion. Over the past two decades, several integrin-targeted drugs have made their way into clinical practice, many others are increasing each year in clinical trials and still more are showing promising potential for therapeutic development based on preclinical studies. Additionally, the role of integrins in pathological conditions combined with their druggability by means of cell surface accessibility makes them attractive pharmacological targets in cancer research. As such, the identification of key roles of integrins in gastric cancer has revealed their substantial potential as therapeutic targets. This review summarizes recent progress in the study of correlation between integrins and invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer and evaluates their values in developing molecularly targeted therapies for this disease.
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Scartozzi M, Loretelli C, Bearzi I, Mandolesi A, Galizia E, Onofri A, Pistelli M, Bittoni A, Berardi R, Cascinu S. Allele polymorphisms of tumor integrins correlate with peritoneal carcinosis capability of gastric cancer cells in radically resected patients. Ann Oncol 2010; 22:897-902. [PMID: 20926544 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies suggested that integrins are relevant for gastric cancer diffusion. We investigated integrins polymorphisms role in determining peritoneal carcinosis or hematogenous metastases in radically resected gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Integrins genotyping was carried out on pT3 radically resected gastric tumors recurring with either peritoneal-only carcinosis or hematogenous metastases. RESULTS The following factors resulted independently associated with peritoneal carcinosis or hematogenous metastases: the A genotype of rs2269772 (ITGA3) [odds ratio (OR) for peritoneal carcinosis: 22.2, 95% confidence interval 1.2-40, P=0.03], the G genotype of rs2269772 (ITGA3) (OR for hematogenous metastases: 5.5, 95% confidence interval 2.2-14.15, P=0.0003), the C genotype of rs11902171 (ITGV) (OR for peritoneal carcinosis: 6.8, 95% confidence interval 1.3-33.4, P=0.01), the G genotype of rs11902171 (ITGV) (OR for hematogenous metastases: 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1-5.7, P = 0.02), diffuse histology (OR for peritoneal carcinosis: 4.7, 95% confidence interval 1.9-11.3, P=0.0005) and intestinal histology (OR for hematogenous metastases: 4.2, 95% confidence interval 1.9-9.9, P=0.0008). CONCLUSIONS Tumor histology represents a crucial issue conditioning tumoral behavior; genotyping of rs2269772 (ITGA3) and rs11902171 (ITGV) may be a further asset in the definition of high-risk patients for peritoneal carcinosis among those relapsing after curative resection. The selection tool deriving from this analysis may allow an optimal use of innovative treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I Bearzi
- Department of Pathology, United Hospitals, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona
| | - A Mandolesi
- Department of Pathology, United Hospitals, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona
| | - E Galizia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Profili Hospital, Fabriano
| | - A Onofri
- Postgraduate School in Medical Oncology, United Hospitals, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Pistelli
- Postgraduate School in Medical Oncology, United Hospitals, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Bittoni
- Postgraduate School in Medical Oncology, United Hospitals, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
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Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition to environmental factors, genetic factors also play an important role in GC etiology, as demonstrated by the fact that only a small proportion of individuals exposed to the known environmental risk factors develop GC. Molecular studies have provided evidence that GC arises not only from the combined effects of environmental factors and susceptible genetic variants but also from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that play crucial roles in the process of cellular immortalization and tumorigenesis. This review is intended to focus on the recently described basic aspects that play key roles in the process of gastric carcinogenesis. Genetic variation in the genes DNMT3A, PSCA, VEGF, and XRCC1 has been reported to modify the risk of developing gastric carcinoma. Several genes have been newly associated with gastric carcinogenesis, both through oncogenic activation (MYC, SEMA5A, BCL2L12, RBP2 and BUBR1) and tumor suppressor gene inactivation mechanisms (KLF6, RELN, PTCH1A, CLDN11, and SFRP5). At the level of gastric carcinoma treatment, the HER-2 tyrosine kinase receptor has been demonstrated to be a molecular target of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Resende
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s ⁄ n, Porto, Portugal
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He M, Cheng Y, Li W, Liu Q, Liu J, Huang J, Fu X. Vascular endothelial growth factor C promotes cervical cancer metastasis via up-regulation and activation of RhoA/ROCK-2/moesin cascade. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:170. [PMID: 20429915 PMCID: PMC2873393 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is correlated with clinical cervical cancer metastasis and patient survival, which is interpreted by VEGF-C functions to stimulate angiogenesis and lymphatic genesis. However, the direct impact of VEGF-C on cervical cancer cell motility remains largely unknown. Methods In this study, we investigated the effects of VEGF-C on actin cytoskeleton remodeling and on cervical cancer cell migration and invasion and how the actin-regulatory protein, moesin regulated these effects through RhoA/ROCK-2 signaling pathway. Results On cervical carcinoma cell line SiHa cells, exposure of VEGF-C triggered remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and the formation of membrane ruffles, which was required for cell movement. VEGF-C significantly enhanced SiHa cells horizontal migration and three-dimensional invasion into matrices. These actions were dependent on increased expression and phosphorylation of the actin-regulatory protein moesin and specific moesin siRNA severely impaired VEGF-C stimulated-cell migration. The extracellular small GTPase RhoA/ROCK-2 cascade mediated the increased moesin expression and phosphorylation, which was discovered by the use of Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of Rho kinase and by transfected constitutively active, dominant-negative RhoA as well as ROCK-2 SiRNA. Furthermore, in the surgical cervical specimen from the patients with FIGO stage at cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and I-II cervical squamous cell carcinoma, the expression levels of moesin were found to be significantly correlated with tumor malignancy and metastasis. Conclusions These results implied that VEGF-C promoted cervical cancer metastasis by upregulation and activation of moesin protein through RhoA/ROCK-2 pathway. Our findings offer new insight into the role of VEGF-C on cervical cancer progression and may provide potential targets for cervical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian He
- Department of Gynecology and obstetrics, the first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510089, China.
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