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Pang HH, Huang CY, Chou YW, Lin CJ, Zhou ZL, Shiue YL, Wei KC, Yang HW. Bioengineering fluorescent virus-like particle/RNAi nanocomplexes act synergistically with temozolomide to eradicate brain tumors. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8102-8109. [PMID: 30982841 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01247h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The proof-of-concept strategy in this study based on biodegradable and biocompatible self-assembling fluorescent virus-like particle/RNAi nanocomplexes (VLP/RNAi) produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) followed by surface modification with a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) and an apolipoprotein E peptide (ApoEP) (dP@VLP/RNAi), which can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to inhibit the DNA repair mechanism and act synergistically with temozolomide (TMZ) for promoting clinical chemotherapy has achieved good therapeutic effects towards malignant brain tumors. The synergistic value of this study's design was verified in intracranial mouse models of glioblastomas (GBMs). Intravenous administration of this formulation enhanced the curative efficacy of TMZ by downregulating the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET) gene in GBM U87 cells. Furthermore, upon gene-chemotherapy, the methylated DNA in GBM U87 cells was significantly enhanced by inhibiting the DNA repair mechanism, leading to significant brain tumor suppression. The results of this study could be critical for the design of RNAi-based genetic therapeutics for promoting chemotherapy against brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Han Pang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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Yang M, Yang C, Tao Y, Tang J, Huang Q, Guo W, Feng S, Jiang A, Xu X, Jiang G, Liu Y. Combination therapy with F5/35 fiber chimeric conditionally replicative adenoviruses expressing IL-24 enhances the antitumor effect of temozolomide against melanoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5928-5942. [PMID: 30406970 PMCID: PMC6308089 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temozolomide (TMZ) is widely used to treat melanoma; however, response rates to TMZ are low because of rapid and frequent resistance. Conditionally, replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) are an effective and promising approach. The receptor for adenovirus is coxsackie‐adenovirus receptor (CAR), which is poorly expressed in most cells. However, CD46, which is the receptor of species B adenoviruses (Ads), is highly expressed in many cells. Methods We constructed CRAd F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24, which uses the viral receptors CAR and CD46 for entry into cells. We investigated the antitumor effect of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 in combination with TMZ to treat melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Results The \results indicated that F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 in combination with TMZ produced additive or synergistic antitumor and pro‐apoptotic effects in melanoma cells. The combination of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 and TMZ significantly inhibited the growth of melanoma in vivo. In addition, the antitumor effect of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 was superior to that of ZD55‐IL‐24 and ZD55‐IL‐24 combined with TMZ. Conclusions The use of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 in conjunction with TMZ is a promising approach for anti‐melanoma therapy. Our results indicated that F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 in combination with TMZ produced additive or synergistic antitumor effect and pro‐apoptotic effect in melanoma cells highly expressed CD46. The combination of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 and TMZ significantly inhibited the growth of melanoma in vivo. We also found the antitumor effect of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 was superior to ZD55‐IL‐24, the combination of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 and TMZ had a more significant antitumor effect than ZD55‐IL‐24 combining with TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chunsheng Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yingkai Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jianqin Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shouxin Feng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Aijun Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xifeng Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Liang Z, Yang CS, Gu F, Zhang LS. A conditionally replicating adenovirus expressing IL-24 acts synergistically with temozolomide to enhance apoptosis in melanoma cells in vitro. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4185-4189. [PMID: 28599419 PMCID: PMC5453041 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is characterized by suppressed apoptosis in tumor cells and high levels of invasion. Temozolomide (TMZ) is one of the most effective single chemotherapeutic agents for patients with malignant melanoma, but resistance develops quickly and frequently. Therapeutic cytokines such as interleukin-24 (IL-24) and conditionally replicating adenoviruses have exhibited promising results as complementary therapies. Thus, the present study hypothesized that a conditionally replicating adenovirus expressing IL-24 combined with TMZ may exhibit increased antitumor activity compared with either treatment alone in melanoma A375 and M14 cell lines in vitro. The present study constructed an E1B-55 gene-deleted conditionally replicating adenovirus expressing the IL-24 gene (ZD55-IL-24). IL-24 was expressed at high levels in melanoma cells infected with ZD55-IL-24 in the presence of TMZ. The combination of ZD55-IL-24 + TMZ induced higher protein expression levels of the proapoptotic proteins B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-like protein 4 and phosphorylated protein, γ-H2A histone family member X (γ-H2AX), and reduced the levels of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2, myeloid cell leukemia-1and nuclear factor-κB compared with either treatment individually. A dose-dependent increase in the cytopathic effects for the combination of ZD55-IL-24 and TMZ was also observed. The data of the present study suggest that the ZD55-IL-24 + TMZ combination induced increased levels of apoptosis, possibly by triggering DNA damage, in melanoma cells in vitro compared with either treatment alone. These findings suggest that this strategy may be a promising approach for the treatment of patients with malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Sheng Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gu
- Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Tumor Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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Liu H, Chen J, Jiang X, Wang T, Xie X, Hu H, Yu F, Wang X, Fan H. Apoptotic signal pathways and regulatory mechanisms of cancer cells induced by IL-24. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11859-016-1205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Li G, Wu H, Cui L, Gao Y, Chen L, Li X, Liang T, Yang X, Cheng J, Luo J. CD47-retargeted oncolytic adenovirus armed with melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 suppresses in vivo leukemia cell growth. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43496-507. [PMID: 26554307 PMCID: PMC4791246 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have suggested that harboring a soluble coxsackie-adenovirus receptor-ligand (sCAR-ligand) fusion protein expression cassette in the viral genome may provide a universal method to redirect oncolytic adenoviruses to various membrane receptors on cancer cells resisting to serotype 5 adenovirus infection. We report here a novel oncolytic adenovirus vector redirected to CD47+ leukemia cells though carrying a sCAR-4N1 expression cassette in the viral genome, forming Ad.4N1, in which 4N1 represents the C-terminal CD47-binding domain of thrombospondin-1. The infection and cytotoxicity of Ad.4N1 in leukemia cells were determined to be mediated by the 4N1-CD47 interaction. Ad.4N1 was further engineered to harbor a gene encoding melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24), forming Ad.4N1-IL24, which replicated dramatically faster than Ad.4N1, and elicited significantly enhanced antileukemia effect in vitro and in a HL60/Luc xenograft mouse model. Our data suggest that Ad.4N1 could act as a novel oncolytic adenovirus vector for CD47+ leukemia targeting gene transfer, and Ad.4N1 harboring anticancer genes may provide novel antileukemia agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongchu Li
- College of life sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hu Wu
- College of life sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lianzhen Cui
- College of life sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yajun Gao
- College of life sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of life sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of life sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianxiang Liang
- College of life sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyan Yang
- College of life sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhong Cheng
- College of life sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- College of life sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Fang L, Cheng Q, Liu W, Zhang J, Ge Y, Zhang Q, Li L, Liu J, Zheng J. Selective effects of a fiber chimeric conditionally replicative adenovirus armed with hep27 gene on renal cancer cell. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:664-73. [PMID: 27195521 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1190485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ASBTARCT Adenoviruses mediated cancer gene therapies are widely investigated and show a promising effect on cancer treatment. However, efficient gene transfer varies among different cancer cell lines based on the expression of coxsakie adenovirus receptor (CAR). Hep27, a member of dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family, can bind to Mdm2, resulting in the attenuation of Mdm2-mediated p53 degradation. Here we constructed a fiber chimeric adenovirus carrying hep27 gene (F5/35-ZD55-Hep27), in which the fiber protein of 5-serotype adenovirus (Ad5) was substituted by that of 35-serotype adenovirus (Ad35), aiming to facilitate the infection for renal cancer cells and develop the role of hep27 in cancer therapy. We evaluated the CAR and CD46 (a membrane cofactor protein for Ad35) expression in four kinds of renal cancer cells and assessed the relationship between receptors and infection efficiency. 5/35 fiber-modified adenovirus had a much promising infectivity compared with Ad5-based vector in renal cancer cells. F5/35-ZD55-Hep27 had enhanced antitumor activity against human renal cancer cells compared to the other groups. Further, hep27 mediated p53 and cleaved-PARP upregulation and mdm2 downregulation was involved and caused increased apoptosis. Moreover, F5/35-ZD55-Hep27 significantly suppressed tumor growth in subcutaneous renal cancer cell xenograft models. Our data demonstrated that 5/35 fiber-modified adenovirus F5/35-ZD55-Hep27 transferred into renal cancers efficiently and increased p53 to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Thus 5/35 fiber-modified adenoviral vector F5/35-ZD55-Hep27 might a promising vector and antitumor reagent for renal cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Qian Cheng
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Wenshun Liu
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Jie Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Yan Ge
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Liantao Li
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China.,b Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Junjie Liu
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China.,b Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China.,c Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou , China
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Enhanced antitumor efficacy of a novel oncolytic adenovirus combined with temozolomide in the treatment of melanoma in vivo. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:75-85. [PMID: 25103017 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ki67-ZD55-IL-24 with temozolomide (TMZ) against melanoma in mice. METHODS Seventy-eight mice with subcutaneous injection of A375 cells (2 × 10(6)) into the right flank were randomized to receive phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Ki67-ZD55, Ki67-ZD55-IL-24, TMZ, TMZ + Ki67-ZD55, and TMZ + Ki67-ZD55-IL-24. Six mice were killed in each group 10 days after intervention for detecting IL-24 mRNA and protein expression. The remaining mice were monitored to draw the body weight change curve and tumor growth curve, and killed 30 days after intervention. Tumors were excised and weighted. The morphology of tumor tissues was determined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the apoptosis index and rate of apoptotic cells were determined by TUNEL assay and AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining, respectively. RESULTS The Ki67-ZD55-IL-24-treated group generated much more reactive oxygen species than the untreated group. There was no significant difference in IL-24 expression between Ki67-ZD55-IL-24 and TMZ + Ki67-ZD55-IL-24 groups. Immunohistochemical analysis and Western blot revealed that both the Ki67-ZD55 and Ki67-ZD55-IL-24 could significantly reduce the expression of MGMT. Toxicity assessments demonstrated that mice in the three groups that received TMZ exhibited significant body weight loss following treatment. HE staining showed that TMZ + Ki67-ZD55-IL-24 group had much fewer karyokinesis in the tumors, compared with other groups. The apoptosis index of tumor tissues and the rate of apoptotic cells were significantly higher in TMZ + Ki67-ZD55-IL-24 group than in other groups (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate this novel strategy holds promising potentials for treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Progression of O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and temozolomide resistance in cancer research. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6659-65. [PMID: 24990698 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating agent that is widely used in chemotherapy for cancer. A key mechanism of resistance to TMZ is the overexpression of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). MGMT specifically repairs the DNA O(6)-methylation damage induced by TMZ and irreversibly inactivates TMZ. Regulation of MGMT expression and research regarding the mechanism of TMZ resistance will help rationalize the clinical use of TMZ. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the field, with particular emphasis on MGMT structure, function, expression regulation, and the association between MGMT and resistance to TMZ.
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Molecular targets and signaling pathways regulated by interleukin (IL)-24 in mediating its antitumor activities. J Mol Signal 2013; 8:15. [PMID: 24377906 PMCID: PMC3879428 DOI: 10.1186/1750-2187-8-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major health issue in the world and the effectiveness of current therapies is limited resulting in disease recurrence and resistance to therapy. Therefore to overcome disease recurrence and have improved treatment efficacy there is a continued effort to develop and test new anticancer drugs that are natural or synthetic - (conventional chemotherapeutics, small molecule inhibitors) and biologic (antibody, tumor suppressor genes, oligonucleotide) product. In parallel, efforts for identifying molecular targets and signaling pathways to which cancer cells are "addicted" are underway. By inhibiting critical signaling pathways that is crucial for cancer cell survival, it is expected that the cancer cells will undergo a withdrawal symptom akin to "de-addiction" resulting in cell death. Thus, the key for having an improved and greater control on tumor growth and metastasis is to develop a therapeutic that is able to kill tumor cells efficiently by modulating critical signaling pathways on which cancer cells rely for their survival.Currently several small molecule inhibitors targeted towards unique molecular signaling pathways have been developed and tested in the clinic. Few of these inhibitors have shown efficacy while others have failed. Thus, targeting a single molecule or pathway may be insufficient to completely block cancer cell proliferation and survival. It is therefore important to identify and test an anticancer drug that can inhibit multiple signaling pathways in a cancer cell, control growth of both primary and metastatic tumors and is safe.One biologic agent that has the characteristics of serving as a potent anticancer drug is interleukin (IL)-24. IL-24 suppresses multiple signaling pathways in a broad-spectrum of human cancer cells leading to tumor cell death, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Additionally, combining IL-24 with other therapies demonstrated additive to synergistic antitumor activity. Clinical testing of IL-24 as a gene-based therapeutic for the treatment of solid tumors demonstrated that IL-24 is efficacious and is safe. The unique features of IL-24 support its further development as an anticancer drug for cancer treatment.In this review we summarize the current understanding on the molecular targets and signaling pathways regulated by IL-24 in mediating its anticancer activity.
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Fang L, Cheng Q, Bai J, Qi YD, Liu JJ, Li LT, Zheng JN. An oncolytic adenovirus expressing interleukin-24 enhances antitumor activities in combination with paclitaxel in breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1416-24. [PMID: 24042845 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses are a novel class of anticancer treatment, based upon their ability to replicate selectively within malignant cells resulting in cell lysis. The replication‑selective adenovirus, ZD55‑IL‑24, was constructed by harboring an E1B‑55 kDa deletion and arming with interleukin-24 (IL-24). The microtubule‑stabilizing drug paclitaxel (PTX) exhibits activity in relapsed cancer. In the present study, the synergistic antitumor effects of the combination of PTX and ZD55‑IL‑24 on breast cancer cells was investigated. The results demonstrated that there were different roles for PTX in the expression of transgenic mRNA and protein. ZD55‑IL‑24 combined with PTX induced marked growth inhibition of MDA‑MB‑231 and Bcap‑37 cells. PTX increased viral uptake and appeared not to alter the replication of ZD55‑IL‑24 in breast cancer cells. Annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining and the Hoechst 33258 assay indicated that ZD55‑IL‑24 induced an increase in the number of apoptotic cells when administered in combination with PTX. It was demonstrated that ZD55‑IL‑24 conjugated with PTX was highly concomitant, and increased proapoptotic proteins levels, activated caspase‑3, -7 and -9 and downregulated anti‑apoptotic proteins. These results suggested that ZD55‑IL‑24 in combination with PTX exhibited a markedly increased cytotoxic and apoptosis‑inducing effect in breast cancer cells. Thus, this chemo‑gene‑viro therapeutic strategy was demonstrated to be superior to conventional chemotherapy or gene‑viro therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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Mao Z, Bian G, Sheng W, He S, Yang J, Dong X. Adenovirus-mediated IL-24 expression enhances the chemosensitivity of multidrug-resistantgastric cancer cells to cisplatin. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2288-96. [PMID: 23982423 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the commonly used strategies in gastric cancer, especially for unresectable patients, but it becomes insensitive to repeated administration of even the most effective chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin. Given this, there is an urgent need for developing chemosensitizers to overcome acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Interleukin-24 (IL-24), a cytokine-tumor suppressor, shows broad-spectrum and tumor-specific antitumor properties, and studies have demonstrated that IL-24 could conspicuously restore the chemosensitivity of MDR cancer cells. Herein, we developed a human MDR gastric cancer cell subline, SGC7901/CDDP, by repeated selection of resistant clones of parental sensitive cells, and further investigated the chemosensitizing effects and the underlying mechanisms of adenovirus-mediated IL-24 (Ad-IL-24) gene therapy plus CDDP for the human MDR gastric cancer cells SGC7901/CDDP in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrated that the expression of IL-24 mRNA and protein was profoundly downregulated in SGC7901/CDDP cells by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. In addition, the cell viability assay showed that the IC50 of SGC7901/CDDP cells to CDDP, 5-FU, ADM and MTX was significantly enhanced compared to parental sensitive SGC7901 cells. Ad-IL-24-induced IL-24 overexpression decreased the IC50 of the above agents (not MTX), induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, and Ad-IL-24 plus CDDP elicited significant apoptosis and tumor suppression of SGC7901/CDDP cells in vitro and SGC7901/CDDP cell xenograft tumors in vivo, respectively. Moreover, our results demonstrated that the mechanisms of Ad-IL-24-elicited chemosensitizing effects were closely associated with a substantial upregulation of Bax and downregulation of P-gp and Bcl-2 in SGC7901/CDDP cells in vitro and SGC7901/CDDP xenograft tissues in vivo. Thus, this study indicates that overexpression of IL-24 gene can significantly promote chemosensitivity in MDR phenotype SGC7901/CDDP gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglei Mao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Han ZX, Wang HM, Jiang G, Du XP, Gao XY, Pei DS. Overcoming paclitaxel resistance in lung cancer cells via dual inhibition of stathmin and Bcl-2. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:398-405. [PMID: 23496232 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from malignancy in people and over 85% of these patients eventually die from disseminated disease. Paclitaxel (TAX) is widely used as an antimicrotubule agent for the treatment of lung cancer. Unfortunately, the resistance to this antimicrotubule agent occurs frequently. Stathmin (STMN1) is a ubiquitous microtubule destabilizing protein linked to cancer and cell health and its expression level often correlates with cancer stage progression and prognosis for survival. Overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 has been shown to prolong drug-induced growth arrest, potentially inducing resistance. In this study, we used a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) approach to evaluate the effect of STMN1 and Bcl-2 downregulation in the sensitivity to TAX in lung cancer cells. We achieved significant downregulation of STMN1 and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression by a combination of double shRNA treatment strategy. Our experimental data showed that inhibition of STMN1 and Bcl-2 expression with RNA interference can sensitize lung cancer cells to TAX. These findings suggest a novel approach to improve the efficacy of certain antimicrotubule agents against lung cancer by regulating the function of STMN1 and Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Xiang Han
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Jiang G, Jiang AJ, Cheng Q, Tian H, Li LT, Zheng JN. A dual-regulated oncolytic adenovirus expressing interleukin-24 sensitizes melanoma cells to temozolomide via the induction of apoptosis. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1263-71. [PMID: 23430584 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0701-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most lethal and aggressive human malignancies. Suppressed apoptosis and extraordinary invasiveness are the distinctive features that contribute to malignant melanoma. The alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) is one of the most effective single chemotherapeutic agents for patients with malignant melanoma, but resistance develops quickly and with high frequency. We constructed a dual-regulated oncolytic adenovirus expressing interleukin 24 (IL-24) gene (Ki67-ZD55-IL-24) by utilizing the Ki67 promoter to replace the native viral promoter of E1A gene. We investigated whether a combination of Ki67-ZD55-IL-24-mediated gene virotherapy and chemotherapy using TMZ produces increased cytotoxicity against human melanoma cells via the induction of apoptosis. Our data indicate that this novel strategy thus holds promising potentials for further developing an effective approach to treat malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, China
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Whitaker EL, Filippov VA, Duerksen-Hughes PJ. Interleukin 24: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential of an anti-cancer gene. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 23:323-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Faião-Flores F, Coelho PRP, Arruda-Neto JDT, Camillo MAP, Maria-Engler SS, Rici REG, Sarkis JES, Maria DA. Boron uptake in normal melanocytes and melanoma cells and boron biodistribution study in mice bearing B16F10 melanoma for boron neutron capture therapy. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2012; 51:319-329. [PMID: 22491822 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-012-0416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Information on (10)B distribution in normal tissues is crucial to any further development of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The goal of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo boron biodistribution in B16F10 murine melanoma and normal tissues as a model for human melanoma treatment by a simple and rapid colorimetric method, which was validated by HR-ICP-MS. The B16F10 melanoma cell line showed higher melanin content than human melanocytes, demonstrating a greater potential for boronophenylalanine uptake. The melanocytes showed a moderate viability decrease in the first few minutes after BNCT application, stabilizing after 75 min, whereas the B16F10 melanoma showed the greatest intracellular boron concentration at 150 min after application, indicating a different boron uptake of melanoma cells compared to normal melanocytes. Moreover, at this time, the increase in boron uptake in melanoma cells was approximately 1.6 times higher than that in normal melanocytes. The (10)B concentration in the blood of mice bearing B16F10 melanoma increased until 90 min after BNCT application and then decreased after 120 min, and remained low until the 240th minute. On the other hand, the (10)B concentration in tumors was increased from 90 min and maximal at 150 min after application, thus confirming the in vitro results. Therefore, the present in vitro and in vivo study of (10)B uptake in normal and tumor cells revealed important data that could enable BNCT to be possibly used as a treatment for melanoma, a chemoresistant cancer associated with high mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Faião-Flores
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, 1500 Vital Brasil Avenue, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil.
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Cun B, Song X, Jia R, Zhao X, Wang H, Ge S, Fan X. Combination of oncolytic adenovirus and dacarbazine attenuates antitumor ability against uveal melanoma cells via cell cycle block. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:77-84. [PMID: 22336909 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.13.2.18436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults; however, current therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, have not been successful. Oncolytic viruses serve as an emerging gene therapy tool for cancer treatment because they specifically kill tumor cells while sparing normal cells. The oncolytic virus H101 has been approved by the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of certain malignancies. Unfortunately, the monotherapy of adenovirus has demonstrated limited efficacy in a clinical setting. Thus, novel treatment strategies in which an oncolytic virus is combined with existing chemicals are advancing toward potential clinical use. In this study, we chose the combination of oncolytic virus H101 and the alkylating agent dacarbazine (DTIC) to treat uveal melanoma cells in vitro. Our results demonstrated that the combination exerted a synergistic antitumor effect without enhanced toxicity to normal cells via a type of cell cycle block other than the induction of apoptosis. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the specific underlying mechanisms of this co-treatment therapy. Our study suggests the viro-chemo combination therapy is feasible and is a potentially promising approach for the treatment of uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Cun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Jiang G, Zhang K, Jiang AJ, Xu D, Xin Y, Wei ZP, Zheng JN, Liu YQ. A conditionally replicating adenovirus carrying interleukin-24 sensitizes melanoma cells to radiotherapy via apoptosis. Mol Oncol 2012; 6:383-91. [PMID: 22673233 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial therapy is the current trend of the development of novel cancer treatments due to the high heterogenous nature of solid tumors. In this study, we investigated the effects of the combined use of a conditionally replicating adenovirus carrying IL-24 (ZD55-IL-24) and radiotherapy on the proliferation and apoptosis of melanoma A375 cells in vitro and in vivo. Compared with either agent used alone, ZD55-IL-24 combined with radiotherapy significantly inhibited cell proliferation, accompanied with increased apoptosis. Radiotherapy did not affect the expression of IL-24 and E1A of ZD55-IL-24-treated cells, but increased the expression of Bax, promoted the activation of caspase-3, while decreasing Bcl-2 levels. Thus, this synergistic effect of ZD55-IL-24 in combination with radiotherapy provides a novel strategy for the development of melanoma therapies, and is a promising approach for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
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18
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Jiang G, Zhang L, Xin Y, Pei DS, Wei ZP, Liu YQ, Zheng JN. Conditionally replicating adenoviruses carrying mda-7/IL-24 for cancer therapy. Acta Oncol 2012; 51:285-92. [PMID: 21995527 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2011.621447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in a broad range of human cancers without significant cytotoxicity to normal cells. Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) not only have the ability to destroy cancer cells but may also be potential vectors for the expression of therapeutic genes. METHODS This review provides an overview of specifications for a novel anti-tumor approach CRAds carrying IL-24, and discusses recent progress in this field. RESULTS Studies in multiple laboratories report that CRAds carrying IL-24 selectively induced apoptosis in some cancer cells, and enhanced selective toxicity to cancer cells when combined with chemotherapeutic agents. CONCLUSION CRAds carrying IL-24 may prove a novel and effective approach for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Jiang
- Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
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19
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Jiang G, Xin Y, Zheng JN, Liu YQ. Combining conditionally replicating adenovirus-mediated gene therapy with chemotherapy: a novel antitumor approach. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:263-74. [PMID: 21509783 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in diagnosis and innovations in the therapy of specific cancers, effective treatment of neoplastic diseases still presents major challenges. Recent studies have shown that conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) not only have the ability to destroy cancer cells but may also be potential vectors for the expression of therapeutic genes. Several studies in animal models have demonstrated that the combination of CRAds-mediated gene therapy and chemotherapy has greater therapeutic benefit than either treatment modality alone. In this review, an overview of specifications for a novel antitumor approach combining CRAd-gene therapy and chemotherapy is provided and recent progress in this field is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Jiang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xuzhou City, Xuzhou 221006, China
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20
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2011; 23:227-34. [PMID: 21307677 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328344b687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Jiang G, Zheng JN, Liu YQ. Down-regulation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyl transferase enhances the effect of temozolomide in melanoma cells. Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:147-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Anvekar RA, Asciolla JJ, Missert DJ, Chipuk JE. Born to be alive: a role for the BCL-2 family in melanoma tumor cell survival, apoptosis, and treatment. Front Oncol 2011; 1. [PMID: 22268005 PMCID: PMC3260552 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2011.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of melanoma has dramatically increased during the recent decades, yet the advancement of primary and adjuvant therapies has not kept a similar pace. The development of melanoma is often centered on cellular signaling that hyper-activates survival pathways, while inducing a concomitant blockade to cell death. Aberrations in cell death signaling not only promote tumor survival and enhanced metastatic potential, but also create resistance to anti-tumor strategies. Chemotherapeutic agents target melanoma tumor cells by inducing a form of cell death called apoptosis, which is governed by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The BCL-2 family is comprised of anti-apoptotic proteins (e.g., BCL-2, BCL-xL, and MCL-1) and pro-apoptotic proteins (e.g., BAK, BAX, and BIM), and their coordinated regulation and function are essential for optimal responses to chemotherapeutics. Here we will discuss what is currently known about the mechanisms of BCL-2 family function with a focus on the signaling pathways that maintain melanoma tumor cell survival. Importantly, we will critically evaluate the literature regarding how chemotherapeutic strategies directly impact on BCL-2 family function and offer several suggestions for future regimens to target melanoma and enhance patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina A Anvekar
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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