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Ostojic J, Kozic D, Panjkovic M, Georgievski-Brkic B, Dragicevic D, Lovrenski A, Boban J. Peak Resembling N-acetylaspartate (NAA) on Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Brain Metastases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:662. [PMID: 38674308 PMCID: PMC11052432 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Differentiating between a high-grade glioma (HGG) and solitary cerebral metastasis presents a challenge when using standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), an advanced MRI technique, may assist in resolving this diagnostic dilemma. N-acetylaspartate (NAA), an amino acid found uniquely in the central nervous system and in high concentrations in neurons, typically suggests HGG over metastatic lesions in spectra from ring-enhancing lesions. This study investigates exceptions to this norm. Materials and Methods: We conducted an MRS study on 49 histologically confirmed and previously untreated patients with brain metastases, employing single-voxel (SVS) techniques with short and long echo times, as well as magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). Results: In our cohort, 44 out of 49 (90%) patients demonstrated a typical MR spectroscopic profile consistent with secondary deposits: a Cho peak, very low or absent Cr, absence of NAA, and the presence of lipids. A peak at approximately 2 ppm, termed the "NAA-like peak", was present in spectra obtained with both short and long echo times. Among the MRS data from 49 individuals, we observed a peak at 2.0 ppm in five brain metastases from mucinous carcinoma of the breast, mucinous non-small-cell lung adenocarcinoma, two metastatic melanomas, and one metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Pathohistological verification of mucin in two of these five cases suggested this peak likely represents N-acetyl glycoproteins, indicative of mucin expression in cancer cells. Conclusions: The identification of a prominent peak at 2.0 ppm could be a valuable diagnostic marker for distinguishing single ring-enhancing lesions, potentially associated with mucin-expressing metastases, offering a new avenue for diagnostic specificity in challenging cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ostojic
- Faculty of Medicine, University in Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (M.P.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Dusko Kozic
- Faculty of Medicine, University in Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (M.P.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Milana Panjkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University in Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (M.P.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
| | | | - Dusan Dragicevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University in Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (M.P.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Lovrenski
- Faculty of Medicine, University in Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (M.P.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Jasmina Boban
- Faculty of Medicine, University in Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (M.P.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
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2
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Bai S, Gao H, Tan LTQ, Yao L, Meng X, Zhang Y. A synthetic Tn-BSA conjugate vaccine bearing chitotriose as built-in adjuvant. Carbohydr Res 2023; 530:108875. [PMID: 37348181 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Chitotriose (CTS), the hydrolysate of chitosan, is readily soluble in water because of the shorter chain lengths of the oligomers and the free amino groups in the d-glucosamine units. In the current study, we report the synthesis of novel conjugate vaccine Tn-BSA-CTS with chitotriose as built-in adjuvant, along with an evaluation of the effect of adjuvant chitotriose (CTS). Immunological evaluations of the resultant conjugate vaccine revealed that Tn-BSA-CTS could provoke the highest titers of IgG antibodies (102,400). The Tn-BSA-CTS conjugate remarkably enhanced both humoral and cellular immunity. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of CTS as a novel vaccine adjuvant in the development of antitumor vaccine and the covalent linkage of tumor vaccine to CTS might be available strategy to increase the efficacy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Bai
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Hang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Lin-Tong-Qing Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Lulu Yao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Xin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
| | - Yongzhong Zhang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
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3
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Yang S, Xu W, Tan C, Li M, Li D, Zhang C, Feng L, Chen Q, Jiang J, Li Y, Du Z, Luo W, Li C, Gong Q, Huang X, Du X, Du J, Liu G, Wu J. Heat Stress Weakens the Skin Barrier Function in Sturgeon by Decreasing Mucus Secretion and Disrupting the Mucosal Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:860079. [PMID: 35558118 PMCID: PMC9087187 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.860079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress induced by global warming has damaged the well-being of aquatic animals. The skin tissue plays a crucial role as a defense barrier to protect organism, however, little is known about the effect of heat stress on fish skin, particularly in cold-water fish species. Here, we investigated the effects of mild heat stress (24°C, MS) and high heat stress (28°C, HS) on Siberian sturgeon skin using RNA-seq, histological observation, and microbial diversity analysis. In RNA-seq, 8,819 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MS vs. C group and 12,814 DEGs in HS vs. C group were acquired, of which the MS vs. C and HS vs. C groups shared 3,903 DEGs, but only 1,652 DEGs were successfully annotated. The shared DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways associating with mucins synthesis. Histological observation showed that the heat stresses significantly reduced the number of skin mucous cells and induced the damages of epidermis. The microbial diversity analysis elicited that heat stress markedly disrupted the diversity and abundance of skin microbiota by increasing of potential pathogens (Vibrionimonas, Mesorhizobium, and Phyllobacterium) and decreasing of probiotics (Bradyrhizobium and Methylovirgula). In conclusion, this study reveals that heat stress causes adverse effects on sturgeon skin, reflecting in decreasing the mucus secretion and disordering the mucosal microbiota, which may contribute to develop the preventive strategy for heat stress caused by global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqiang Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaolun Tan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Datian Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Langkun Feng
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianyu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunkun Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zongjun Du
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyi Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Jun Du
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangxun Liu
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayun Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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4
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Casalou C, Tobin DJ. Modulating mucins makes melanin. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:388-389. [PMID: 34817869 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Casalou
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D J Tobin
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland.,The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Utility of Insulinoma-Associated Protein 1 (INSM1) and Mucin 2 (MUC2) Immunohistochemistry in the Distinction of Endocrine Mucin-Producing Sweat Gland Carcinoma From Morphologic Mimics. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 44:92-97. [PMID: 34086646 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) is a rare low-grade adnexal malignancy with a predilection for the eyelids of elderly White women, which is associated with invasive mucinous carcinoma with endocrine features in one-third of cases. EMPSGC is characterized by the presence of neuroendocrine differentiation and mucin production. However, EMPSGC displays a variety of architectural patterns including solid, cribriform, papillary, and cystic growth. In addition, EMPSGC may also display nonendocrine cytologic features, such as apocrine change. Because of their variable appearance, EMPSGC can show significant morphologic overlap with certain histologic mimics, namely basal cell carcinoma, hidrocystoma, apocrine hidradenoma, and tubular adenoma. In addition, the often limited sampling of this anatomically delicate area can make the diagnosis of EMPSGC challenging. EMPSGC expresses neuroendocrine markers, including synaptophysin and chromogranin, often in a focal distribution. However, insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) has been found to be a more sensitive marker for EMPSGC. Recent studies have also demonstrated the expression of the gel-forming mucin 2 (MUC2) in EMPSGC, possibly signifying a lacrimal or conjunctival origin of these neoplasms. In this article, we discuss EMPSGC in the context of its histologic mimics (BCC, hidrocystoma, apocrine hidradenoma, and tubular adenoma) and we investigate the utility of the immunohistochemical expression of INSM1 and MUC2 in the distinction of EMPSGC from them. We demonstrate that INSM1 and MUC2 can reliably distinguish EMPSGC from these histologic mimics.
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6
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Shadbad MA, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Derakhshani A, Silvestris N, Baghbanzadeh A, Racanelli V, Baradaran B. From Melanoma Development to RNA-Modified Dendritic Cell Vaccines: Highlighting the Lessons From the Past. Front Immunol 2021; 12:623639. [PMID: 33692796 PMCID: PMC7937699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.623639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanoma remains the deadliest skin cancer, the current treatment has not resulted in the desired outcomes. Unlike chemotherapy, immunotherapy has provided more tolerable approaches and revolutionized cancer therapy. Although dendritic cell-based vaccines have minor side effects, the undesirable response rates of traditional approaches have posed questions about their clinical translation. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment can be the underlying reason for their low response rates. Immune checkpoints and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase have been implicated in the induction of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Growing evidence indicates that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B (PKB) (PI3K/AKT) pathways, as the main oncogenic pathways of melanoma, can upregulate the tumoral immune checkpoints, like programmed death-ligand 1. This study briefly represents the main oncogenic pathways of melanoma and highlights the cross-talk between these oncogenic pathways with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, tumoral immune checkpoints, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Moreover, this study sheds light on a novel tumor antigen on melanoma, which has substantial roles in tumoral immune checkpoints expression, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase secretion, and stimulating the oncogenic pathways. Finally, this review collects the lessons from the previous unsuccessful trials and integrates their lessons with new approaches in RNA-modified dendritic cell vaccines. Unlike traditional approaches, the advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing techniques and RNA-modified dendritic cell vaccines along with combined therapy of the immune checkpoint inhibitors, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor, and RNA-modified dendritic cell-based vaccine can overcome these auto-inductive loops and pave the way for developing robust dendritic cell-based vaccines with the most favorable response rate and the least side effects.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/adverse effects
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Cancer Vaccines/adverse effects
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Proteins/metabolism
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Melanoma/therapy
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/adverse effects
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/immunology
- RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/therapy
- Tumor Escape
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
- mRNA Vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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7
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Mathew JG, Bowman AS, Saab J, Busam KJ, Nehal K, Pulitzer M. Next Generation Sequencing analysis suggests varied multistep mutational pathogenesis for Endocrine Mucin Producing Sweat Gland Carcinoma with comments on INSM1 and MUC2 suggesting a conjunctival origin. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 86:1072-1079. [PMID: 33515627 PMCID: PMC9627720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) is a low-grade eyelid tumor. Small biopsies and insensitive immunohistochemistry predispose to misdiagnosis. We aimed to identify clarifying immunohistochemical and/or molecular markers. Clinicopathologic data (22 cases) was reviewed. Immunohistochemistry (Insulinoma-associated protein-1(INSM1), BCL-2, MUC2, MUC4, androgen-receptor, Beta-catenin, MCPyV) and next generation sequencing (MSK-IMPACT, 468 genes) was performed (3 cases). Female (n=15) and male (n=7) patients, mean-age 71.8 years (53-88), had eyelid/periorbital tumors (>90%) with mucin-containing solid/cystic neuroendocrine pathology. Immunohistochemistry (INSM1, BCL2, androgen-receptor, RB1, Beta-catenin) was diffusely-positive (5/5), MUC2 partial, MUC4 focal, and MCPyV negative. MSK-IMPACT identified 12 single-nucleotide-variants and one in-frame deletion in 3 cases, each with DNA damage response/repair (BRD4, PPP4R2, RTEL1) and tumor-suppressor pathway (BRD4, TP53, TSC1, LATS2) mutations. Microsatellite instability, copy number alterations, and structural alterations were absent. INSM1 and MUC2 are positive in EMPSGC. MUC2 positivity suggests conjunctival origin. Multistep pathogenesis involving DNA damage repair and tumor-suppressor pathways may be implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Mathew
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anita S Bowman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jad Saab
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Klaus J Busam
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kishwer Nehal
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Division, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Pulitzer
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. https://twitter.com/MPulitzerMD
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8
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Sawamura S, Kajihara I, Tasaki Y, Otsuka-Maeda S, Sakamoto R, Kanazawa-Yamada S, Makino K, Aoi J, Ihn H. Overexpression of MUC16 (CA125) in extramammary Paget's disease. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:1330-1332. [PMID: 33089866 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified the mucin-16 (CA125), a well-known disease marker for ovarian cancer, is overexpressed in the lesions of Extramammary Paget’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Sawamura
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ikko Kajihara
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukino Tasaki
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Saki Otsuka-Maeda
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryoko Sakamoto
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Saori Kanazawa-Yamada
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunari Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Aoi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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9
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Ahmed I, Sozmen M. Expression of PDGF-A, PDGFRA, integrin subunit alpha V and selectin E is increased in canine cutaneous fibrosarcomas. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:546-554. [PMID: 33034211 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1832256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the expression of platelet derived growth factor alpha (PDGFA); its receptor, PDGFRA; integrin subunit alpha V; and selectin E in cutaneous fibrosarcomas in dogs. Ten cases of canine fibrosarcomas were obtained from the archive of the Department of Pathology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun. Tissue sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff, Masson's trichrome, and also immunostained. Eight tumors classified as spontaneous fibrosarcomas exhibited interwoven bundles of spindle shaped cells with oval to plump nuclei and scant cytoplasm, while two tumors exhibited features of injection site fibrosarcoma with peripheral infiltration of mononuclear cells and intratumor necrosis. We found that neoplastic cells from all cases exhibited cytoplasmic expression of PDGFA, and cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for PDGFRA. Integrin subunit alpha V immunostaining was observed in all cases, while selectin E expression was observed in vascular endothelial cells and neoplastic cells. A significant positive correlation was found between the expression of PDGFA and integrin subunit alpha V. Our findings indicate that PDGFA, PDGFRA, integrin subunit alpha V and selectin E are expressed strongly in canine cutaneous fibrosarcomas and may contribute to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmut Sozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun, Turkey
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10
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Smart JA, Oleksak JE, Hartsough EJ. Cell Adhesion Molecules in Plasticity and Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:25-37. [PMID: 33004622 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prior to metastasis, modern therapeutics and surgical intervention can provide a favorable long-term survival for patients diagnosed with many types of cancers. However, prognosis is poor for patients with metastasized disease. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, yet in situ and localized, thin melanomas can be biopsied with little to no postsurgical follow-up. However, patients with metastatic melanoma require significant clinical involvement and have a 5-year survival of only 34% to 52%, largely dependent on the site of colonization. Melanoma metastasis is a multi-step process requiring dynamic changes in cell surface proteins regulating adhesiveness to the extracellular matrix (ECM), stroma, and other cancer cells in varied tumor microenvironments. Here we will highlight recent literature to underscore how cell adhesion molecules (CAM) contribute to melanoma disease progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Smart
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia E Oleksak
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward J Hartsough
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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11
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Xie Q, Li F, Zhao S, Guo T, Li Z, Fang L, Wang S, Liu W, Gu C. GalNAc-T3 and MUC1, a combined predictor of prognosis and recurrence in solitary pulmonary adenocarcinoma initially diagnosed as malignant solitary pulmonary nodule (≤ 3 cm). Hum Cell 2020; 33:1252-1263. [PMID: 32776306 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The significance of the polypeptide N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase-3 (GalNAc-T3) and mucin 1 (MUC1) in solitary pulmonary adenocarcinoma (SPA) initially diagnosed as malignant solitary pulmonary nodule (≤ 3 cm), especially as a combined predictor of prognosis and recurrence, was explored in this study. A retrospective analysis of 83 patients with SPA (≤ 3 cm), which revealed postoperative pathological diagnosis was lung adenocarcinoma after complete resection. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of GalNAc-T3 and MUC1 in primary tumor specimens. The relationship between expression and various clinicopathological factors was analyzed, as well as the effects of patients' overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). In all patients, GalNAc-T3 was highly expressed in 53 (63.9%) cases; MUC1 was highly expressed in 31 (37.3%) cases. The GalNAc-T3 expression was correlated with differentiation, pathological risk group, N stage, and TNM stage. The group with high GalNAc-T3 expression and low MUC1 expression (GalNAc-T3Hig/MUC1Low) is correlated to pathological differentiation and has a trend related to the TNM stage. The patients with better differentiation, lower pathological risk group, lower N stage, and GalNAc-T3 high expression had better overall survival, especially the GalNAc-T3Hig/MUC1Low group. Moreover, the moderate differentiation, N3 stage, and GalNAc-T3Hig/MUC1Low group were independent predictive factors for OS. Besides, patients with lower N stage, lower TNM stage, higher GalNAc-T3 expression got better disease-free survival (DFS), especially the GalNAc-T3Hig/MUC1Low group. The GalNAc-T3Hig/MUC1Low group was an independent predictive factor for DFS. In conclusion, GalNAc-T3 and MUC1 were combined predictors of prognosis and recurrence in SPA (≤ 3 cm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengzhou Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilei Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoshi Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chundong Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Llamas-Velasco M, Fernández-Flores A, Saeb-Lima M, Cassarino DS. Porocarcinoma with areas of mucinous differentiation suggesting multilineage differentiation. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 48:90-94. [PMID: 32734594 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Porocarcinoma is an infrequent malignant adnexal carcinoma, with some histopathological variants described, such as the clear cell, the sarcomatoid or the pigmented porocarcinoma. We report an invasive porocarcinoma showing areas of tumor cells floating in prominent dermal mucin, simulating mucinous carcinoma, that we consider a new histopathological variant of porocarcinoma. We report a 74-year-old male with previous history of multiple basal cell carcinomas that presented a nodule on his left temple. Histopathologic study showed a large ulcerated multilobular tumor composed of thickened cords of cells emanating from a hyperplastic epidermis and showing a mixed infiltrative and pushing pattern in the dermis. Poroid differentiation was observed in most of the neoplasm, both in intraepidermal and dermal invasive component. Within the neoplasm a prominent area where these small nests with clear formation of ducts were floating in mucinous pools with few septa intermingled was observed, simulating a primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma. Cytology, immunohistochemistry and the presence of both neoplastic areas as closely related and with multiple points of connectivity favors the consideration of a composite tumor in this peculiar case. Other differentials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Llamas-Velasco
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Fernández-Flores
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital El Bierzo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, Grupo de Investigación CellCOM-SB, Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Marcela Saeb-Lima
- Departamentos de Dermatología y Dermatopatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - David Samuel Cassarino
- Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, California, USA
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13
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Wang S, You L, Dai M, Zhao Y. Mucins in pancreatic cancer: A well-established but promising family for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10279-10289. [PMID: 32745356 PMCID: PMC7521221 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins are a family of multifunctional glycoproteins that mostly line the surface of epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract and exert pivotal roles in gut lubrication and protection. Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with poor early diagnosis, limited therapeutic effects, and high numbers of cancer‐related deaths. In this review, we introduce the expression profiles of mucins in the normal pancreas, pancreatic precursor neoplasia and pancreatic cancer. Mucins in the pancreas contribute to biological processes such as the protection, lubrication and moisturization of epithelial tissues. They also participate in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer and are used as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Herein, we discuss the important roles of mucins that lead to the lethality of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, particularly MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC16 in disease progression, and present a comprehensive analysis of the clinical application of mucins and their promising roles in cancer treatment to gain a better understanding of the role of mucins in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunda Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Menghua Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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14
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Martel C, Tsutsumi T, Cément V, Khuong HT, Dupré N, Ismail AA, Gros-Louis F. Diagnosis of idiopathic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of patient-derived skin. Analyst 2020; 145:3678-3685. [PMID: 32307493 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the great challenges in identifying effective therapy in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is the lack of reliable biomarkers. In this study, we applied infrared imaging microspectroscopy, a valuable technique to investigate biomolecule fingerprints and secondary structure of proteins within biological tissue. We hypothesized that, since skin and CNS have the same embryonic origin, spectral differences associated with ALS-specific pathological events will be readily detectable through skin testing using this technique. Cells from healthy individuals and ALS patients were isolated from skin biopsies in order to generate tissue-engineered in vitro skin (TES). Infrared spectra of the generated TES were recorded using a focal-plane-array Fourier transform infrared (FPA-FTIR) spectrometer, and hierarchical cluster analysis of the spectral data was performed in order to establish clear differences between the tested TES specimens. Interestingly, our analyses showed that it was readily possible to discriminate ALS- and control-TES solely based on differences in associated FTIR spectra, mainly located between 1149 and 1473 cm-1, attributed to disruption of phospholipid cell membranes, extracellular matrix remodeling or cholesterol accumulation. Spectral differences within the TES samples may therefore be associated with disease state, paving the way for the identification of biomarkers in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Martel
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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15
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Olgun A. Selective targeting of signet ring cell adenocarcinomas. Med Hypotheses 2019; 133:109380. [PMID: 31454636 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Many epithelial tumors, especially signet-ring cell adenocarcinomas, produce huge amounts of mucin glycoproteins that fill cytoplasm and push nucleus to the periphery, giving a signet ring like structure to the cell. Mucin proteins are very rich of l-threonine which is essential in humans. L-threonine content can reach up to 35% of total amino acid composition of some mucin proteins. Therefore l-threonine can be the Achilles heel of signet ring cell adenocarcinomas which are one of the most malignant and agressive cancers. A modified bioisoster of l-threonine, 4-fluoro l-threonine (its fluorine can be radioactive or not), can be used to selectively kill signet ring cancer cells without harming normal cells or for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Olgun
- Istinye University, Faculty of Pharmacy, İstinye Üniversitesi Topkapı Kampüsü, (Maltepe Mah., Edirne Çırpıcı Yolu, No. 9 Zeytinburnu), İstanbul 34010, Turkey.
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16
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Abdou AG, Farag AGA, Abdelaziz RA, Samaka RM, Nabil E, Ali M. Immunolocalization of MUC1 in chronic plaque psoriasis. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2019; 40:515-527. [PMID: 31349754 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2019.1646660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin inflammatory disease with immunological, hyperproliferative and angiogenic dysfunction. MUC1 is a molecular sensor and signal transductor that responds to external stimuli generating cellular responses, which include cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, migration, invasion, survival and secretion of growth factors, and cytokines. The current study aimed at evaluation of the possible role of MUC1 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis through its immunohistochemical localization in involved and uninvolved psoriatic skin compared to normal skin in addition of correlating MUC1 expression with the clinical and pathological parameters of psoriasis. The current study investigated 30 patients with psoriasis and 10 controls. MUC1 was expressed in epidermis in 30% of normal skin compared to 20% of uninvolved epidermis and 63.3% of involved epidermis of psoriatic skin. MUC1 was seen staining endothelial cells of capillaries and inflammatory cells in dermis in 10% of normal skin, 0% of uninvolved psoriasis, and 83.3% of involved psoriasis. Dermal expression of MUC1 in psoriasis was associated with mild to moderate degrees of epidermal acanthosis (p = .027). Intense MUC1 expression by psoriatic epidermis was associated with short disease duration (p = .044). The upregulation of MUC1 in involved psoriatic lesion compared to uninvolved and normal skin may suggest MUC1 role in pathogenesis of psoriasis especially early stages. MUC1 may be responsible for less severity of psoriasis in old aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University , Shebein El-Kom , Egypt
| | - Azza Gaber Antar Farag
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University , Shebein El-Kom , Egypt
| | - Reem Ahmed Abdelaziz
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University , Shebein El-Kom , Egypt
| | - Rehab Mounir Samaka
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University , Shebein El-Kom , Egypt
| | - Eman Nabil
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University , Shebein El-Kom , Egypt
| | - Marwa Ali
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University , Shebein El-Kom , Egypt
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17
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Filippou PS, Ren AH, Korbakis D, Dimitrakopoulos L, Soosaipillai A, Barak V, Frenkel S, Pe'er J, Lotem M, Merims S, Molina R, Blasutig I, Bogdanos DP, Diamandis EP. Exploring the potential of mucin 13 (MUC13) as a biomarker for carcinomas and other diseases. Clin Chem Lab Med 2018; 56:1945-1953. [PMID: 29768245 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucin 13 (MUC13) is a cell surface glycoprotein aberrantly expressed in a variety of epithelial carcinomas. Thus far, the role of MUC13 in various diseases remains elusive. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the potential of MUC13 as a serum biomarker in a variety of carcinomas and other conditions. METHODS We developed a recombinant MUC13 protein, mouse monoclonal antibodies and enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for MUC13. We used this assay to measure MUC13 levels in the supernatants of cancer cell lines and a large cohort of serum samples from healthy and diseased individuals. RESULTS MUC13 is secreted from cancer cell lines, with highest levels found in ovarian cancer cell lines. MUC13 levels in human sera were significantly increased in patients with renal failure and 20%-30% of patients with ovarian, liver, lung and other cancers. MUC13 was also elevated in 70% of patients with active cutaneous melanoma, but not uveal melanoma. Furthermore, we identified significant MUC13 elevations in the serum of patients with vasculitis (ANCA-positive) autoantibodies, but not in those with inflammatory bowel disease. CONCLUSIONS Serum MUC13 is frequently elevated not only in a variety of malignant cases but also in some benign pathologies, thus appearing to be a non-specific disease biomarker. Nonetheless, serum MUC13 is clearly highly elevated in some carcinoma patients, and its relationship with tumor progression in this context warrant further research. Future studies that examine the correlation between serum MUC13 levels to stage of cancer could elucidate prognostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota S Filippou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annie H Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dimitrios Korbakis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lampros Dimitrakopoulos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antoninus Soosaipillai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vivian Barak
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shahar Frenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Pe'er
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Lotem
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Merims
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rafael Molina
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Blasutig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Ctr., 60 Murray St [Box 32], Flr 6 - Rm L6-201, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada
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18
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Demouveaux B, Gouyer V, Gottrand F, Narita T, Desseyn JL. Gel-forming mucin interactome drives mucus viscoelasticity. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 252:69-82. [PMID: 29329667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a hydrogel that constitutes the first innate defense in all mammals. The main organic component of mucus, gel-forming mucins, forms a complex network through both reversible and irreversible interactions that drive mucus gel formation. Significant advances in the understanding of irreversible gel-forming mucins assembly have been made using recombinant protein approaches. However, little is known about the reversible interactions that may finely modulate mucus viscoelasticity, which can be characterized using rheology. This approach can be used to investigate both the nature of gel-forming mucins interactions and factors that influence hydrogel formation. This knowledge is directly relevant to the development of new drugs to modulate mucus viscoelasticity and to restore normal mucus functions in diseases such as in cystic fibrosis. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between the mucus protein matrix and its functions, with emphasis on mucus viscoelasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valérie Gouyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Tetsuharu Narita
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jean-Luc Desseyn
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France.
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19
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Zhu X, Long X, Luo X, Song Z, Li S, Wang H. Abrogation of MUC5AC Expression Contributes to the Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Colon Cancer Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 31:261-7. [PMID: 27610469 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2016.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated expressions of mucins have been found in various malignancies and play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. MUC5AC, as a secreted mucin, is reported to be aberrantly expressed during epithelial cancer progression, including colon cancer. However, the mechanisms of the oncoprotein MUC5AC in the initiation of colon cancer requires further investigation. Here, we collected colon cancer tissues (n = 20) and corresponding paracancerous tissues (n = 20) and found that the expression of MUC5AC was significantly elevated in colon cancer tissues when compared with the corresponding paracancerous tissues. Immunofluorescence indicated that all colon cancer cell lines, including HT29, SW620, and the normal human intestinal epithelial cells FHC, showed the positive expression of MUC5AC, and SW620 exhibited the highest expression. Moreover, knockdown of MUC5AC in SW620 cells remarkably suppressed cell vitality and promoted apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest, resulting in the impaired ability of colony formation. Furthermore, the inhibition of MUC5AC in SW620 cells dramatically repressed the cell migration and invasion. These results demonstrated that MUC5AC as an oncogene could be a promising target in the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijia Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin City, China
| | - Xiangkai Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin City, China
| | - Xishun Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin City, China
| | - Zhike Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin City, China
| | - Shengguo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin City, China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin City, China
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20
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Boya VN, Lovett R, Setua S, Gandhi V, Nagesh PKB, Khan S, Jaggi M, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC. Probing mucin interaction behavior of magnetic nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 488:258-268. [PMID: 27837716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed iron oxide based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) by precipitation of iron salts in the presence of ammonia and created four different formulations: without functionality (plain MNPs, no coating), with β-cyclodextrin (MNPs+β-CD) or pluronic 127 polymer (MNPs+F-127), and both β-cyclodextrin and pluronic 127 polymer (MNPs+β-CD-F-127) functionality for its efficient use in mucosal delivery. We studied the interaction and/or binding behavior of these MNPs formulations with porcine stomach mucin using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, and then quantified the bound mucin from absorption studies. Toxicity of these MNPs against cervical cancer cells and red blood cells was evaluated. Ex-vivo studies were performed using freshly collected gastrointestinal, ovarian, pancreas and colon organ tissues of pig to evaluate binding and uptake phenomenon of MNPs. Transport studies of these MNPs in mucin was evaluated using Boyden's chamber assay. All these studies together suggest that the MNPs+β-CD-F-127 formulation was strongly interacted with mucin and interestingly transported through mucin compared to other MNPs formulations. Hence, MNPs+β-CD-F-127 formulation could be a good candidate for the mucoadhesive biopharmaceuticals and drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar N Boya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516 001, AP, India
| | - Renn Lovett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Saini Setua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Vaibhav Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Prashanth K B Nagesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sheema Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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21
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Moschovis D, Bamias G, Delladetsima I. Mucins in neoplasms of pancreas, ampulla of Vater and biliary system. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:725-734. [PMID: 27795812 PMCID: PMC5064050 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i10.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the pancreas, the ampulla of Vater, and the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts have significant histological similarities due to the common embryonic origin of the pancreatobiliary system. This obviates the need for discovery of biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic value for these tumors. Mucins, especially MUC-1, -2, -4 and -5AC, are important candidates for developing into such reliable biomarkers. Increased expression of MUC1 occurs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and is associated with increased degrees of dysplasia in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). Positive expression of MUC2 in intraductal papillary mucinus neoplasms (IPMN) of the intestinal type indicates high potential progression to invasive carcinoma with de novo expression of MUC1, while absence of MUC2 expression in IPMNs of gastric type implies low potential to malignant evolution. De novo MUC4 expression correlates to the severity of dysplasia in PanIN and is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. In biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN), increased expression of MUC1 is associated with higher degrees of dysplasia. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICC) are characterized by increased expression of all glycoforms of MUC1. Positive MUC2 expression in intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile ducts (IPNB) of the intestinal type indicates high malignant potential with de novo expression of MUC1 in the invasive element. Absent MUC2 expression in any degree of BilIN may prove useful in differentiating them from IPNB. De novo expression of MUC4 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with ICC or carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts (EHBDC). High de novo expression of MUC5AC is found in all degrees of BilIN and all types of IPNB and ICC. The MUC5AC is useful in the detection of neoplastic lesions of the bile duct at an early stage. Increased expression of mucin MUC1 in carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater associated with unfavorable behavior of the tumor, such as lymph node metastasis, infiltration of the pancreas and duodenum, advanced TNM classification and worse prognosis. Patients with intra-ampullary papillary-tubular neoplasm (IAPN) of the pancreatobiliary immunophenotype did not show MUC2, while those of the intestinal immunophenotype are MUC2 positive. The expression of MUC4 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater favoring metastasis and making them resistant to apoptosis. Moreover, it appears that MUC4 positivity correlates with recurrence of the tumor. Expression of MUC5AC is associated with the invasive potential of the tumor.
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22
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Varga N, Mózes J, Keegan H, White C, Kelly L, Pilkington L, Benczik M, Zsuzsanna S, Sobel G, Koiss R, Babarczi E, Nyíri M, Kovács L, Attila S, Kaltenecker B, Géresi A, Kocsis A, O'Leary J, Martin CM, Jeney C. The Value of a Novel Panel of Cervical Cancer Biomarkers for Triage of HPV Positive Patients and for Detecting Disease Progression. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 23:295-305. [PMID: 27497597 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the era of primary vaccination against HPV and at the beginning of the low prevalence of cervical lesions, introduction of screening methods that can distinguish between low- and high-grade lesions is necessary in order to maintain the positive predictive value of screening. This case-control study included 562 women who attended cervical screening or were referred for colposcopy and 140 disease free controls, confirmed by histology and/or cytology. The cases were stratified by age. Using routine exfoliated liquid based cytological samples RT-PCR measurements of biomarker genes, high-risk HPV testing and liquid based cytology were performed and used to evaluate different testing protocols including sets of genes/tests with different test cut-offs for the diagnostic panels. Three new panels of cellular biomarkers for improved triage of hrHPV positive women (diagnostic panel) and for prognostic assessment of CIN lesions were proposed. The diagnostic panel (PIK3AP1, TP63 and DSG3) has the potential to distinguish cytologically normal hrHPV+ women from hrHPV+ women with CIN2+. The prognostic gene panels (KRT78, MUC5AC, BPIFB1 and CXCL13, TP63, DSG3) have the ability to differentiate hrHPV+ CIN1 and carcinoma cases. The diagnostic triage panel showed good likelihood ratios for all age groups. The panel showed age-unrelated performance and even better diagnostic value under age 30, a unique feature among the established cervical triage tests. The prognostic gene-panels demonstrated good discriminatory power and oncogenic, anti-oncogenic grouping of genes. The study highlights the potential for the gene expression panels to be used for diagnostic triage and lesion prognostics in cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Varga
- CellCall Ltd, Röppentyű utca 48, Budapest, 1134, Hungary
| | - Johanna Mózes
- CellCall Ltd, Röppentyű utca 48, Budapest, 1134, Hungary
| | - Helen Keegan
- Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, 8, Ireland
| | - Christine White
- Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, 8, Ireland
| | - Lynne Kelly
- Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, 8, Ireland
| | - Loretto Pilkington
- Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, 8, Ireland
| | - Márta Benczik
- CellCall Ltd, Röppentyű utca 48, Budapest, 1134, Hungary
| | - Schaff Zsuzsanna
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllöi út 93, Budapest, 1091, Hungary
| | - Gábor Sobel
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/a, Budapest, 1082, Hungary
| | - Róbert Koiss
- Department of Gynecology-Oncology, United Hospital of St. Stephan and Laszlo, Nagyvárad tér 1, Budapest, 1087, Hungary
| | - Edit Babarczi
- Department of Gynecology-Oncology, United Hospital of St. Stephan and Laszlo, Nagyvárad tér 1, Budapest, 1087, Hungary
| | - Miklos Nyíri
- CellCall Ltd, Röppentyű utca 48, Budapest, 1134, Hungary
| | - Laura Kovács
- CellCall Ltd, Röppentyű utca 48, Budapest, 1134, Hungary
| | - Sebe Attila
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | | | - Adrienn Géresi
- CellCall Ltd, Röppentyű utca 48, Budapest, 1134, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Kocsis
- CellCall Ltd, Röppentyű utca 48, Budapest, 1134, Hungary
| | - John O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, 8, Ireland
| | - Cara M Martin
- Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, 8, Ireland
| | - Csaba Jeney
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
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Arciniegas E, Carrillo LM, Rojas H, Ramírez R, Reyes O, Suárez A, Ortega F. Mucin1 expression in focal epidermal dysplasia of actinic keratosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:245. [PMID: 26605291 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.10.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic keratoses (AKs) are generally considered as premalignant skin lesions that can progress into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ and invasive SCC. However, its progression to SCC is still matter of debate. A transmembrane glycoprotein that contributes to the progression of certain premalignant and malignant lesions is mucin1 (MUC1). Nevertheless, their functions in the skin lesions are not yet fully clear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to ascertain whether MUC1 is present in the focal epidermal dysplasia of AK. METHODS Fourteen skin biopsies from patients diagnosed with AK were selected. They were classified according to the degree of dysplasia in keratinocyte intraepidermal neoplasia (KIN) I, KIN II, and KIN III. In five biopsies the three degrees were present, in two biopsies both KIN I and KIN II, in four biopsies only KIN I, and in three biopsies only KIN III. The presence of MUC1 was assessed by immunofluorescence staining using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS Immunostaining revealed that MUC1 was present over the entire cell surface of only a few atypical basal keratinocytes confined to the lower third of the epidermis (KIN I). While in KIN II where atypical keratinocytes occupy the lower two thirds, MUC1 was localized at the apical surface of some atypical keratinocytes and over the entire cell surface of some of them. Interestingly, in KIN III where the atypical keratinocytes extend throughout the full thickness, MUC1 was localized at the apical surface and over the entire cell surface of many of these cells. Conversely, MUC1 expression was not detected in the epidermis of normal skin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the expression of MUC1 in AK would be induced by alteration of keratinocyte stratification and differentiation and associated to the degree of dysplasia rather than the thickness of the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Arciniegas
- 1 Instituto de Biomedicina, 2 Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, 3 Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
| | - Luz Marina Carrillo
- 1 Instituto de Biomedicina, 2 Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, 3 Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
| | - Héctor Rojas
- 1 Instituto de Biomedicina, 2 Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, 3 Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
| | - Richard Ramírez
- 1 Instituto de Biomedicina, 2 Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, 3 Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
| | - Oscar Reyes
- 1 Instituto de Biomedicina, 2 Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, 3 Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
| | - Ambar Suárez
- 1 Instituto de Biomedicina, 2 Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, 3 Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
| | - Fabiana Ortega
- 1 Instituto de Biomedicina, 2 Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, 3 Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
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Zhao S, Guo T, Li J, Uramoto H, Guan H, Deng W, Gu C. Expression and prognostic value of GalNAc-T3 in patients with completely resected small (≤2 cm) peripheral lung adenocarcinoma after IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3143-52. [PMID: 26604783 PMCID: PMC4629976 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s93486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GalNAc-T3 catalyzes initial glycosylation of mucin-type O-linked protein involved in proliferation, adhesion, and migration of tumor cells. This study was performed to explore the relationships of the expression of GalNAc-T3 in small peripheral lung adenocarcinoma, especially as an indicator of prognosis. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of the patients with small peripheral lung lesions, including 106 adenocarcinoma and two precancerous lesions (atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in situ) after complete surgical resection, was launched. Expression of GalNAc-T3 was examined using immunohistochemistry staining on primary tumor specimens, and the tumors were reclassified in light of the IASLC/ATS/ERS (International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society) adenocarcinoma classifications followed by grading and scoring. Moreover, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to study the expression of GalNAc-T3 in vivo. Results The low expression of GalNAc-T3 was found in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in 56 of 108 patients (51.9%) and was associated with IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of high risk groups (P=0.007), high Sica score (P=0.036), poorly differentiated tumor (P=0.023), poor tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P=0.007), pleural invasion (P=0.007), and vascular invasion (P<0.001) by Pearson’s chi-squared test, but not with sex, age, smoking status, concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen, and lymph node metastasis. In logistic regression analysis, low GalNAc-T3 expression was only correlated with high-ranking TNM stage (odds ratio [OR] =8.975, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.797–44.661), vascular invasion (OR =5.668, 95% CI: 1.827–17.578), and the higher risk grade (low risk grade: OR =0.141, 95% CI: 0.027–0.719; moderate risk grade: OR =0.122, 95% CI: 0.017–40.871). The low expression of the GalNAc-T3 usually in adenocarcinoma cell lines was compared with normal bronchial epithelium cell line. Based on the univariate and multivariate analysis, poor TNM stage (P<0.001), pleural invasion (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.958, P=0.021), vascular invasion (HR: 2.403, P=0.040), and low GalNAc-T3 expression (HR: 3.317, P=0.016) were shown to be independently associated with an unfavorable prognosis. However, IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of risk groups and Sica score (P=0.034 and P=0.032, respectively) was correlated with overall survival on Kaplan–Meier method but not Cox regression model. Conclusion GalNAc-T3 expression was correlated with the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification and also associated with prognosis of patients with completely resected small (≤2 cm) peripheral lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Zhao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China ; Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China ; Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hongwei Guan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chundong Gu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China ; Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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25
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Exploring the role and diversity of mucins in health and disease with special insight into non-communicable diseases. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:575-613. [PMID: 26239922 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are major glycoprotein components of the mucus that coats the surfaces of cells lining the respiratory, digestive, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. They function to protect epithelial cells from infection, dehydration and physical or chemical injury, as well as to aid the passage of materials through a tract i.e., lubrication. They are also implicated in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant diseases of secretory epithelial cells. In Human there are two types of mucins, membrane-bound and secreted that are originated from mucous producing goblet cells localized in the epithelial cell layer or in mucous producing glands and encoded by MUC gene. Mucins belong to a heterogeneous family of high molecular weight proteins composed of a long peptidic chain with a large number of tandem repeats that form the so-called mucin domain. The molecular weight is generally high, ranging between 0.2 and 10 million Dalton and all mucins contain one or more domains which are highly glycosylated. The size and number of repeats vary between mucins and the genetic polymorphism represents number of repeats (VNTR polymorphisms), which means the size of individual mucins can differ substantially between individuals which can be used as markers. In human it is only MUC1 and MUC7 that have mucin domains with less than 40% serine and threonine which in turn could reduce number of PTS domains. Mucins can be considered as powerful two-edged sword, as its normal function protects from unwanted substances and organisms at an arm's length while, malfunction of mucus may be an important factor in human diseases. In this review we have unearthed the current status of different mucin proteins in understanding its role and function in various non-communicable diseases in human with special reference to its organ specific locations. The findings described in this review may be of direct relevance to the major research area in biomedicine with reference to mucin and mucin associated diseases.
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26
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Ferretti V, Segal-Eiras Á, Barbeito CG, Croce MV. Muc5ac mucin expression during rat skin development. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2462. [PMID: 25820562 PMCID: PMC4378216 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Some mucin genes have been detected during human embryonic and fetal organ development; however, little is known about mucin expression in epidermal development, neither in humans nor in other species. The present research was developed to explore Muc5ac skin expression during pre- and post-natal rat development. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blotting (WB) and RT-PCR were employed. By IHC, Muc5ac protein was found early in embryonic epidermis from day 13 of gestation until seven days after birth when the surface epidermis became negative and the reaction was restricted to secreting sebum cells. In coincidence with IHC findings, WB analysis showed a band at approximately 200KDa at the same periods of development. Results were also confirmed by RT-PCR. Muc5ac expression in rat embryonic epidermis suggests that Muc5ac may play a protective role in embryonic skin previous to birth which may be replaced by pile covering. To our knowledge, this is the first report that confirmed Muc5ac expression during skin development.
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27
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Batzakakis D, Stathas T, Mastronikolis N, Kourousis C, Aletras A, Naxakis S. Adhesion molecules as predictors of nasal polyposis recurrence. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2015; 28:20-2. [PMID: 24717873 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2014.28.3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal polyposis is a chronic inflammation of nasal and paranasal sinuses in the pathogenesis of which adhesion molecules may have a significant role. This study investigates the possible role of certain adhesion molecules, mucins, and oncogenes in nasal polyposis recurrence. METHODS A sample study of 21 individuals (17 men and 4 women) aged 47.44 ± 15.10 years with nasal polyposis who had undergone nasal surgery twice was used. Twenty-one individuals aged 46.9 ± 12.8 years suffering from nasal polyposis who had undergone surgery only once in the same period were used as a control sample. RESULTS Statistically significant differences between the two groups were observed regarding epithelial membrane antigen (EMA/mucin 1) of stromal cells (p < 0.001) and CD86 stromal expression (p = 0.009). No patient of the control group exhibited high (++) CD86 stromal expression, whereas six patients of the resurgery group did so. When EMA and CD86 were included in a logistic regression model, stromal EMA was found to be positively related to recurrence. CONCLUSION Adhesion molecules may relate to nasal polyp prognosis and recurrence rates.
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28
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Kumar P, Ji J, Thirkill TL, Douglas GC. MUC1 Is Expressed by Human Skin Fibroblasts and Plays a Role in Cell Adhesion and Migration. Biores Open Access 2014; 3:45-52. [PMID: 24804164 PMCID: PMC3995082 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2013.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucin MUC1 is expressed by normal and cancerous epithelial cells and some nonepithelial cells in which it plays roles in regulating adhesion, migration, and cell signaling. In the present studies we found that MUC1 is expressed by normal human neonatal and adult skin fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are usually considered negative for MUC1 expression. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses indicate the presence of full-length MUC1, and immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation studies show that the protein is expressed on the plasma membrane. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the expression of MUC1 by fibroblasts in cryosections of normal human skin. Silencing MUC1 expression in fibroblasts using MUC1 shRNA increased the adhesion of cells to collagen and laminin. Transfection with MUC1 shRNA also increased fibroblast migration on collagen as measured in a wound-healing assay. The expression of α2-integrin was increased in MUC1 shRNA-transfected fibroblasts in which it was localized to membrane ruffles, providing a possible explanation for the increased cell migration on collagen. These results extend the range of expression of MUC1 to skin fibroblasts and suggest a functional role for MUC1 in fibroblast adhesion and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarsini Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Jennifer Ji
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Twanda L Thirkill
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Gordon C Douglas
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California
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29
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Przybylska-Diaz DA, Schmidt JG, Vera-Jiménez NI, Steinhagen D, Nielsen ME. β-glucan enriched bath directly stimulates the wound healing process in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:998-1006. [PMID: 23770625 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex and well-organized process in which physiological factors and immune mechanisms are involved. A number of different immune modulators have been found to enhance the non-specific defence system in vertebrates, among which β-glucans are the most powerful and extensively investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biological impact of two different commercially available β glucan containing products on the wound healing process in carp. Throughout a two week experiment fish were kept either untreated (control), or in water supplemented with the two different types of β-glucans. The wound healing process was monitored using a multispectral visualisation system. The correlation between wound closure and immune response was investigated by measuring the gene expression patterns of IL-1β, IL-6 family member M17, IL-8 and Muc5b, and measurement of production of radical oxygen species. PAMPs/DAMPs stimulation caused by the wounding and or β-glucans resulted in an inflammatory response by activating IL-1β, IL-6 family member M17 and IL-8 and differences in the expression pattern were seen depending on stimuli. IL-1β, IL-6 family member M17 and IL-8 were activated in all wounds regardless of treatment. Expression of all three interleukins was highly up regulated in control wounded muscle already at day 1 post-wounding and decreased at subsequent time-points. The reverse was the case with control wounded skin, where expression increased from day 1 through day 14. The results for the β-glucan treated wounds were more complex. The images showed significantly faster wound contraction in both treated groups compared to the control. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that a β glucan enriched bath promotes the closure of wounds in common carp and induce a local change in cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Przybylska-Diaz
- DTU Food, National Food Institute, Biological Quality Research Group, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK 2860 Søborg, Denmark
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Saharkhiz N, Nikbakht R, Hemadi M. Ketotifen, a mast cell blocker improves sperm motility in asthenospermic infertile men. J Hum Reprod Sci 2013; 6:19-22. [PMID: 23869145 PMCID: PMC3713570 DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.112373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ketotifen on sperm motility of asthenospermic infertile men. SETTING AND DESIGN It is a prospective study designed in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this interventional experimental study, a total of 40 infertile couples with asthenospermic infertility factor undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles were enrolled. The couples were randomly assigned to one of two groups at the starting of the cycle. In control group (n = 20), the men did not receive Ketotifen, while in experiment group (n = 20), the men received oraly ketotifen (1 mg Bid) for 2 months. Semen analysis, under optimal circumferences, was obtained prior to initiation of treatment. The second semen analysis was done 2-3 weeks after stopped ketotifen treatment and sperm motility was defined. Clinical pregnancy was identified as the presence of a fetal sac by vaginal ultrasound examination. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED All data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). t test was used for comparing the data of the control and treated groups. RESULTS The mean sperm motility increased significantly (from 16.7% to 21.4%) after ketotifen treatment (P < 0.001). This sperm motility improvement was more pronounced in the primary infertility cases (P < 0.003). The rate of pregnancy was 12.5% in infertile couples that their men receiving 1 mg/twice a day ketotifen. In 52% of infertile men's semen, the percentage of sperm motility was increased from 5% to 35% and this sperm motility improvement was also observed in 33% of necrospermia (0% motility) cases. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ketotifen may represent as a novel therapeutic approach to improve sperm motility in the infertile men with cause of asthenospermia or necrospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Saharkhiz
- Infertility and In Vitro Fertilization Center, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Jones MR, Rose AM, Baillie DL. The ortholog of the human proto-oncogene ROS1 is required for epithelial development in C. elegans. Genesis 2013; 51:545-61. [PMID: 23733356 PMCID: PMC4232869 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The orphan receptor ROS1 is a human proto-oncogene, mutations of which are found in an increasing number of cancers. Little is known about the role of ROS1, however in vertebrates it has been implicated in promoting differentiation programs in specialized epithelial tissues. In this study we show that the C. elegans ortholog of ROS1, the receptor tyrosine kinase ROL-3, has an essential role in orchestrating the morphogenesis and development of specialized epidermal tissues, highlighting a potentially conserved function in coordinating crosstalk between developing epithelial cells. We also provide evidence of a direct relationship between ROL-3, the mucin SRAP-1, and BCC-1, the homolog of mRNA regulating protein Bicaudal-C. This study answers a longstanding question as to the developmental function of ROL-3, identifies three new genes that are expressed and function in the developing epithelium of C. elegans, and introduces the nematode as a potentially powerful model system for investigating the increasingly important, yet poorly understood, human oncogene ROS1. genesis 51:545–561.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Jones
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4.
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32
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The ANO3/MUC15 locus is associated with eczema in families ascertained through asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 129:1547-53.e3. [PMID: 22657408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous genome-wide linkage scan in 295 families of the French Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA) reported strong evidence of linkage of 11p14 to eczema. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to conduct fine-scale mapping of the 11p14 region to identify the genetic variants associated with eczema. METHODS Association analyses were first conducted in the family sample from the French EGEA by using 2 methods: the family-based association method and logistic regression. Replication of the EGEA findings was sought in French Canadian and United Kingdom family samples, which, similarly to EGEA samples, were ascertained through asthma. We also tested for association in 2 German samples ascertained through eczema. RESULTS We found significant association of eczema with 11p14 genetic variants in the vicinity of the linkage peak in EGEA (P = 10(-4) for rs1050153 by using the family-based association method, which reached the multiple testing-corrected threshold of 10(-4); P = .003 with logistic regression). Pooled analysis of the 3 asthma-ascertained samples showed strong improvement in the evidence for association (P = 6 × 10(-6) for rs293974, P = 3 × 10(-5) for rs1050153, and P = 8 × 10(-5) for rs15783). No association was observed in the eczema-ascertained samples. CONCLUSION The significant single nucleotide polymorphisms are located within the overlapping anoctamin 3 (ANO3) and mucin 15 (MUC15) genes. Several lines of evidence suggest that MUC15 is a strong candidate for eczema. Further investigation is needed to confirm our findings and to better understand the role of the ANO3/MUC15 locus in eczema and its relationship with respect to asthma.
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Torres MP, Chakraborty S, Souchek J, Batra SK. Mucin-based targeted pancreatic cancer therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:2472-81. [PMID: 22372499 DOI: 10.2174/13816128112092472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients is very poor with a five-year survival of less than 5%. One of the major challenges in developing new therapies for PC is the lack of expression of specific markers by pancreatic tumor cells. Mucins are heavily Oglycosylated proteins characterized by the presence of short stretches of amino acid sequences repeated several times in tandem. The expression of several mucins including MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC16 is strongly upregulated in PC. Recent studies have also demonstrated a link between the aberrant expression and differential overexpression of mucin glycoproteins to the initiation, progression, and poor prognosis of the disease. These studies have led to increasing recognition of mucins as potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in PC. In this focused review we present an overview of the therapies targeting mucins in PC, including immunotherapy (i.e. vaccines, antibodies, and radioimmunoconjugates), gene therapy, and other novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870, U.S.A
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Park S, Ahn HK, Park LC, Hwang DW, Ji JH, Maeng CH, Cho SH, Lee JY, Park KT, Ahn JS, Park YH, Im YH. Implications of different CA 15-3 levels according to breast cancer subtype at initial diagnosis of recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. Oncology 2012; 82:180-7. [PMID: 22433564 DOI: 10.1159/000336081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CA 15-3 is derived from proteolytic shedding of the extracellular domain of mucin 1 (MUC1) glycoprotein. Luminal subtype breast cancer shows a higher expression in MUC1 genes, and a positive relationship between MUC1 expression and estrogen receptor (ER) expression has been reported. In this study, we attempted to determine the difference of CA 15-3 level according to the subtype of breast cancer. METHODS From January 2000 to December 2009, a total of 707 patients who were diagnosed with metastatic or recurrent breast cancer at Samsung Medical Center were included in this study. Among these, 536 patients with available clinical data including pretreatment CA 15-3 and immunohistochemistry for ER, progesterone receptor (PgR) and hormone receptor 2 (HER2) were analyzed in this study. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to their receptor status: ER-positive (ER+) and/or PgR+ irrespective of HER2 (HR+), ER-/PgR-/HER2+ (HER2-enriched) and ER-/PgR-/HER2- (triple negative, TN). RESULTS The supranormal values of CA 15-3 were frequently observed in HR+ breast cancer compared to other types (45.6% for HR+, 24.4% for HER2-enriched and 28.8% for TN; p < 0.001). The increase of marker levels differed significantly among the 3 groups (24 U/ml for HR+, 13 U/ml for HER2-enriched and 18 U/ml for TN; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The increase of both marker levels and the frequency of supranormal values of CA 15-3 were more frequently observed in HR+ breast cancer, which is positively associated with MUC1 expression. These results could potentially serve as a basis for expanding the clinical implications of CA 15-3 in the field of clinical trials for novel targeted therapies in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mukhopadhyay P, Chakraborty S, Ponnusamy MP, Lakshmanan I, Jain M, Batra SK. Mucins in the pathogenesis of breast cancer: implications in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1815:224-40. [PMID: 21277939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are high molecular weight, multifunctional glycoproteins comprised of two structural classes-the large transmembrane mucins and the gel-forming or secreted mucins. The primary function of mucins is to protect and lubricate the luminal surfaces of epithelium-lined ducts in the human body. Recent studies have identified a differential expression of both membrane bound (MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16) and secreted mucins (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC6) in breast cancer tissues when compared with the non-neoplastic breast tissues. Functional studies have also uncovered many unique roles of mucins during the progression of breast cancer, which include modulation in proliferative, invasive and metastatic potential of tumor cells. Mucins function through many unique domains that can form complex association with various signaling molecules including growth factor receptors and intercellular adhesion molecules. While there is growing information about mucins in various malignancies including breast cancer, no focused review is there on the expression and functional roles of mucins in breast cancer. In this present review, we have discussed the differential expression and functional roles of mucins in breast cancer. The potential of mucins as diagnostic and prognostic markers and as therapeutic targets in breast cancer have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Hoffmann-Röder A, Johannes M. Synthesis of a MUC1-glycopeptide–BSA conjugate vaccine bearing the 3′-deoxy-3′-fluoro-Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9903-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13184b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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