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Deng Y, Liu B, Mao W, Shen Y, Fu C, Gao L, Zhang S, Wu J, Li Q, Li T, Liu K, Cao J. Regulatory roles of PGE 2 in LPS-induced tissue damage in bovine endometrial explants. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 852:207-217. [PMID: 30930248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bovine endometritis is the most common uterine disease following parturition. The role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in regulating normal physiological function in the bovine endometrium has been clearly established. Although PGE2 accumulation is observed in multiple inflammatory diseases, such as endometritis, its association with pathogen-induced inflammatory damage in the endometrium is unclear. To clarify the role of PGE2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis in cultured bovine endometrial explants, the levels of PGE2 secretion, prostaglandin synthetases, pro-inflammatory factors, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) were evaluated in the present study. Significant PGE2 accumulation in response to LPS stimulation, up-regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS-2), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), pro-inflammatory factors including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) and DAMPs including hyaluronan binding protein 1 (HABP1) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), were observed compared to the control group. LPS induced distinct damage in the bovine endometrium, characterized by morphological changes and increases in HABP1 and HMGB1 expression. PTGS-2 inhibitors CAY10404 and NS398 effectively decreased the secretion of PGE2 and the expression of prostaglandin synthetases, pro-inflammatory factors and DAMPs, and alleviated LPS-induced tissue damage. These results indicate that PGE2 accumulates via PTGS-2 and mPGES-1 and induces tissue damage by upregulating pro-inflammatory factors and DAMPs in LPS-treated bovine endometrial explants. These findings provide a basis for the effect of PGE2 on LPS-treated bovine endometrium, and suggest a potential target for curing endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; School of Public Health, 014060, Bao Tou Medicine College, Bao Tou, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Changqi Fu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Long Gao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; School of Public Health, 014060, Bao Tou Medicine College, Bao Tou, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuangyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jindi Wu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China.
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Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Bayraktar E, Ivan C, Aslan B, Mai J, He G, Mangala LS, Jiang D, Nagaraja AS, Ozpolat B, Chavez-Reyes A, Ferrari M, Mitra R, Siddik ZH, Shen H, Yang X, Sood AK, Lopez-Berestein G. PTGER3 induces ovary tumorigenesis and confers resistance to cisplatin therapy through up-regulation Ras-MAPK/Erk-ETS1-ELK1/CFTR1 axis. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:290-304. [PMID: 30655206 PMCID: PMC6411965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2–prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 (PTGER3) signaling is critical for tumor-associated angiogenesis, tumor growth, and chemoresistance. However, the mechanism underlying these effects in ovarian cancer is not known. Methods An association between higher tumoral expression of PTGER3 and shorter patient survival in the ovarian cancer dataset of The Cancer Genome Atlas prompted investigation of the antitumor effects of PTGER3 downmodulation. PTGER3 mRNA and protein levels were higher in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells than in their cisplatin-sensitive counterparts. Findings Silencing of PTGER3 via siRNA in cancer cells was associated with decreased cell growth and less invasiveness, as well as cell-cycle arrest and increased apoptosis, mediated through the Ras-MAPK/Erk-ETS1-ELK1/CFTR1 axis. Furthermore, sustained PTGER3 silencing with multistage vector and liposomal 2’-F-phosphorodithioate-siRNA–mediated silencing of PTGER3 combined with cisplatin resulted in robust antitumor effects in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer models. Interpretation These findings identify PTGER3 as a potential therapeutic target in chemoresistant ovarian cancers expressing high levels of this oncogenic protein. Fund National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Emine Bayraktar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Burcu Aslan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junhua Mai
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangan He
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lingegowda S Mangala
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dahai Jiang
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Archana S Nagaraja
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arturo Chavez-Reyes
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca, NL, CP. 66600, Mexico
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rahul Mitra
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zahid H Siddik
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xianbin Yang
- AM Biotechnologies LLC, 12521 Gulf Freeway, Houston, TX 77034, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Konings GF, Saarinen N, Delvoux B, Kooreman L, Koskimies P, Krakstad C, Fasmer KE, Haldorsen IS, Zaffagnini A, Häkkinen MR, Auriola S, Dubois L, Lieuwes N, Verhaegen F, Schyns LE, Kruitwagen RF, Xanthoulea S, Romano A. Development of an Image-Guided Orthotopic Xenograft Mouse Model of Endometrial Cancer with Controllable Estrogen Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092547. [PMID: 30154339 PMCID: PMC6165149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy in Western society and the majority of cases are estrogen dependent. While endocrine drugs proved to be of insufficient therapeutic value in the past, recent clinical research shows promising results by using combinational regimens and pre-clinical studies and identified potential novel endocrine targets. Relevant pre-clinical models can accelerate research in this area. In the present study we describe an orthotopic and estrogen dependent xenograft mouse model of EC. Tumours were induced in one uterine horn of female athymic nude mice using the well-differentiated human endometrial adenocarcinoma Ishikawa cell line—modified to express the luciferase gene for bioluminescence imaging (BLI). BLI and contrast-enhanced computed-tomograph (CE-CT) were used to measure non-invasive tumour growth. Controlled estrogen exposure was achieved by the use of MedRod implants releasing 1.5 μg/d of 17β-estradiol (E2) in ovariectomized mice. Stable E2 serum concentration was demonstrated by LC-MS/MS. Induced tumours were E2 responsive as increased tumour growth was observed in the presence of E2 but not placebo, assessed by BLI, CE-CT, and tumour weight at sacrifice. Metastatic spread was assessed macroscopically by BLI and histology and was seen in the peritoneal cavity, in the lymphovascular space, and in the thoracic cavity. In conclusion, we developed an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of EC that exhibits the most relevant features of human disease, regarding metastatic spread and estrogen dependency. This model offers an easy to manipulate estrogen dosage (by simply adjusting the MedRod implant length), image-guided monitoring of tumour growth, and objectively measurable endpoints (including tumour weight). This is an excellent in vivo tool to further explore endocrine drug regimens and novel endocrine drug targets for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonda Fj Konings
- GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Niina Saarinen
- Forendo Pharma Ltd., FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Bert Delvoux
- GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Loes Kooreman
- GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kristine E Fasmer
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Section for Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ingfrid S Haldorsen
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Section for Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Amina Zaffagnini
- GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Merja R Häkkinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ludwig Dubois
- GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Natasja Lieuwes
- GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Verhaegen
- GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lotte Ejr Schyns
- GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Roy Fpm Kruitwagen
- GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sofia Xanthoulea
- GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Romano
- GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Zhang S, Mao W, Li Q, Gao R, Zhang Y, Gao L, Fu C, Wu J, Deng Y, Shen Y, Li T, Liu B, Cao J. Concentration effect of prostaglandin E2
on the growth factor expression and cell proliferation in bovine endometrial explants and their kinetic characteristics. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 53:143-151. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease; College of Veterinary Medicine; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - W Mao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease; College of Veterinary Medicine; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - Q Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease; College of Veterinary Medicine; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - R Gao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease; College of Veterinary Medicine; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease; College of Veterinary Medicine; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - L Gao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease; College of Veterinary Medicine; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - C Fu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease; College of Veterinary Medicine; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - J Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease; College of Veterinary Medicine; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - Y Deng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease; College of Veterinary Medicine; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - Y Shen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease; College of Veterinary Medicine; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - T Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease; College of Veterinary Medicine; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - B Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease; College of Veterinary Medicine; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - J Cao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease; College of Veterinary Medicine; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
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Ke J, Yang Y, Che Q, Jiang F, Wang H, Chen Z, Zhu M, Tong H, Zhang H, Yan X, Wang X, Wang F, Liu Y, Dai C, Wan X. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes proliferation and invasion by enhancing SUMO-1 activity via EP4 receptor in endometrial cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12203-12211. [PMID: 27230680 PMCID: PMC5080328 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a derivative of arachidonic acid, has been identified as a tumorigenic factor in many cancers in recent studies. Prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGES2 gene located on chromosome 9, and it synthesizes PGE2 in human cells. In our study, we selected 119 samples from endometrial cancer patients, with 50 normal endometrium tissue samples as controls, in which we examined the expression of PTGES2. Both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot analyses demonstrated that synthase PTGES2, which is required for PGE2 synthesis, was highly expressed in endometrium cancer tissues compared with normal endometrium. Stable PTGES2-shRNA transfectants were generated in Ishikawa and Hec-1B endometrial cancer cell lines, and transfection efficiencies were confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. We found that PGE2 promoted proliferation and invasion of cells in Ishikawa and Hec-1B cells by cell counting kit-8 tests (CCK8) and transwell assays, respectively. PGE2 stimulation enhanced the expression of SUMO-1, via PGE2 receptor subtype 4 (EP4). Further analysis implicated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway function as the major mediator of EP4 and SUMO-1. The increase in SUMO-1 activity prompted the SUMOlyation of target proteins which may be involved in proliferation and invasion. These findings suggest SUMO-1 and EP4 as two potential targets for new therapeutic or prevention strategies for endometrial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqi Ke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Che
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feizhou Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjiao Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital affiliated with Tong Ji University, No. 536, Changle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China.
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Involvement of the prostaglandin E receptor EP2 in paeoniflorin-induced human hepatoma cell apoptosis. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 24:140-9. [PMID: 23069790 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32835a4dac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been shown to play an important role in tumor development and progression. PGE2 mediates its biological activity by binding any one of four prostanoid receptors (EP1 through EP4). The present study was designed to determine the role of the EP2 receptor during the proliferation and apoptosis of human HepG2 and SMMC-7721 hepatoma cell lines and the effect of paeoniflorin, a monoterpene glycoside. The proliferation of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium after exposure to the selective EP2 receptor agonists butaprost and paeoniflorin. Apoptosis of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells was also quantified by flow cytometry with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining. The expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were quantified by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The expression of the EP2 receptor and cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase)-3 was determined by western blotting. Butaprost significantly increased proliferation in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Paeoniflorin significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells stimulated by butaprost at multiple time points (24, 48, and 72 h). Paeoniflorin induced apoptosis in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells, which was quantified by annexin-V and propidium iodide staining. Our results indicate that the expression of the EP2 receptor and Bcl-2 was significantly increased, whereas that of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 was decreased in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells after stimulation by butaprost. Paeoniflorin significantly decreased the expression of the EP2 receptor and Bcl-2 and increased Bax and caspase-3 activation in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells on addition of butaprost. Our results show that the PGE2 receptor subtype EP2 may play a vital role in the survival of both HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Paeoniflorin, which may be a promising agent in the treatment of liver cancer, induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by downregulating EP2 expression and also increased the Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio, thus upregulating the activation of caspase-3.
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Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression are multistep events that require cell proliferation, migration, extravasation to the blood or lymphatic vessels, arrest to the metastatic site, and ultimately secondary growth. Tumor cell functions at both primary or secondary sites are controlled by many different factors, including growth factors and their receptors, chemokines, nuclear receptors, cell-cell interactions, cell-matrix interactions, as well as oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid. The observation that cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases and their arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoid products (prostanoids and HETEs) are expressed and produced by tumor cells, together with the finding that these enzymes can regulate cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion, has prompted investigators to analyze the roles of these enzymes in cancer progression. In this review, we focus on the contribution of cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids to tumor cell function in vitro and in vivo and discuss hope and tribulations of targeting these enzymes for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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