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Natale G, Fini E, Calabrò PF, Carli M, Scarselli M, Bocci G. Valproate and lithium: Old drugs for new pharmacological approaches in brain tumors? Cancer Lett 2023; 560:216125. [PMID: 36914086 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Beyond its use as an antiepileptic drug, over time valproate has been increasingly used for several other therapeutic applications. Among these, the antineoplastic effects of valproate have been assessed in several in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, suggesting that this agent significantly inhibits cancer cell proliferation by modulating multiple signaling pathways. During the last years various clinical trials have tried to find out if valproate co-administration could enhance the antineoplastic activity of chemotherapy in glioblastoma patients and in patients suffering from brain metastases, demonstrating that the inclusion of valproate in the therapeutic schedule causes an improved median overall survival in some studies, but not in others. Thus, the effects of the use of concomitant valproate in brain cancer patients are still controversial. Similarly, lithium has been tested as an anticancer drug in several preclinical studies mainly using the unregistered formulation of lithium chloride salts. Although, there are no data showing that the anticancer effects of lithium chloride are superimposable to the registered lithium carbonate, this formulation has shown preclinical activity in glioblastoma and hepatocellular cancers. However, few but interesting clinical trials have been performed with lithium carbonate on a very small number of cancer patients. Based on published data, valproate could represent a potential complementary therapeutic approach to enhance the anticancer activity of brain cancer standard chemotherapy. Same advantageous characteristics are less convincing for lithium carbonate. Therefore, the planning of specific phase III studies is necessary to validate the repositioning of these drugs in present and future oncological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Natale
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy; Museum of Human Anatomy "Filippo Civinini", University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marco Carli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Bocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
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2
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Xie D, Deng T, Zhai Z, Qin T, Song C, Xu Y, Sun T. Moschus exerted protective activity against H 2O 2-induced cell injury in PC12 cells through regulating Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114290. [PMID: 36708701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The pivotal characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are irreversible memory loss and progressive cognitive decline, eventually causing death from brain failure. In the various proposed hypotheses of AD, oxidative stress is also regarded as a symbolic pathophysiologic cascade contributing to brain diseases. Using Chinese herbal medicine may be beneficial for treating and preventing AD. As a rare and valuable animal medicine, Moschus possesses antioxidant and antiapoptotic efficacy and is extensively applied for treating unconsciousness, stroke, coma, and cerebrovascular diseases. We aim to evaluate whether Moschus protects PC12 cells from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cellular injury. The chemical constituents of Moschus are analyzed by GC-MS assay. The cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels, oxidative stress-related indicators, and apoptotic proteins are determined. Through GC-MS analysis, nineteen active contents were identified. The cell viability loss, lactate dehydrogenase releases, MMP levels, ROS productions, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) activities decreased, and BAX, Caspase-3, and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 expression also significantly down-regulated and heme oxygenase 1, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), and quinine oxidoreductase 1 expression upregulated after pretreatment of Moschus. The result indicated Moschus has neuroprotective activity in relieving H2O2-induced cellular damage, and the potential mechanism might be associated with regulating the Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway. A more in-depth and comprehensive understanding of Moschus in the pathogenesis of AD will provide a fundamental basis for in vivo AD animal model research, which may be able to provide further insights and new targets for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Ting Deng
- Jintang Second People' s Hospital, Chengdu 610404, China.
| | - Zhenwei Zhai
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Tao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Caiyou Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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3
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Singhal S, Maheshwari P, Krishnamurthy PT, Patil VM. Drug Repurposing Strategies for Non-Cancer to Cancer Therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2726-2756. [PMID: 35301945 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220317140557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Global efforts invested for the prevention and treatment of cancer need to be repositioned to develop safe, effective, and economic anticancer therapeutics by adopting rational approaches of drug discovery. Drug repurposing is one of the established approaches to reposition old, clinically approved off patent noncancer drugs with known targets into newer indications. The literature review suggests key role of drug repurposing in the development of drugs intended for cancer as well as noncancer therapeutics. A wide category of noncancer drugs namely, drugs acting on CNS, anthelmintics, cardiovascular drugs, antimalarial drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs have come out with interesting outcomes during preclinical and clinical phases. In the present article a comprehensive overview of the current scenario of drug repurposing for the treatment of cancer has been focused. The details of some successful studies along with examples have been included followed by associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Singhal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Priyal Maheshwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Vaishali M Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, India
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Pang B, Zhang J, Zhang X, Yuan J, Shi Y, Qiao L. Inhibition of lipogenesis and induction of apoptosis by valproic acid in prostate cancer cells via the C/EBPα/SREBP-1 pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:354-364. [PMID: 33471067 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprogramming is now accepted as a new hallmark of cancer. Hence, targeting the lipogenesis pathway may be a potential avenue for cancer treatment. Valproic acid (VPA) emerges as a promising drug for cancer therapy; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of VPA on cell viability, lipogenesis, and apoptosis in human prostate cancer PC-3 and LNCaP cells. The results showed that VPA significantly reduced lipid accumulation and induced apoptosis of PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Moreover, the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), as well as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and its downstream effectors, including fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), was markedly decreased in PC-3 and LNCaP cells after VPA administration. Mechanistically, the overexpression of C/EBPα rescued the levels of SREBP-1, FASN, ACC1, and Bcl-2, enhanced lipid accumulation, and attenuated apoptosis of VPA-treated PC-3 cells. Conversely, knockdown of C/EBPα by siRNA further decreased lipid accumulation, enhanced apoptosis, and reduced the levels of SREBP-1, FASN, ACC1, and Bcl-2. In addition, SREBP-1a and 1c enhanced the expressions of FASN and ACC1, but only SREBP-1a had a significant effect on Bcl-2 expression in VPA-treated PC-3 cells. Based on the results, we concluded that VPA significantly inhibits cell viability via decreasing lipogenesis and inducing apoptosis via the C/EBPα/SREBP-1 pathway in prostate cancer cells. Therefore, VPA that targets lipid metabolism and apoptosis is a promising candidate for PCa chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jihong Yuan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yanan Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ling Qiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
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Optimization of Degradation Conditions with PRG, a Polysaccharide from Phellinus ribis, by RSM and the Neuroprotective Activity in PC12 Cells Damaged by Aβ 25-35. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24163010. [PMID: 31434196 PMCID: PMC6720797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24163010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the previous work, we found PRG, a polysaccharide from Phellinus ribis, exhibited neurotrophic activity. To obtain an active structural unit with lower molecular weight, PRG was degraded to prepare the degraded PRG (DPRG) using ascorbic acid and H2O2. The aim of the paper was to obtain DPRG by optimizing the degradation conditions using response surface methodology (RSM) and to study its protective effects of PC12 cells induced by Aβ25–35. The optimum conditions were as follows; the concentration of H2O2-Vc was 17 mM and degradation temperature was 50 °C; when degradation time was 1.6 h, the experimental response value of PC12 cell viability was 83.4 ± 0.15%, which was in accordance with the predicted value (83.5%). We also studied the protective effects of DPRG against the Aβ25–35-induced neurotoxicity and explored the underlying mechanism. The results showed that treatment with DPRG could attenuate PC12 cells death. The mechanism was relative to the inhibition of cell apoptosis by increasing the MMP level and decreasing the protein expression of cytochrome C (Cytc) in PC12 cells. In conclusion, DPRG with lower molecular weight was obtained successfully. It possessed neuroprotective properties and might be a candidate for neurodegenerative disease treatment.
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Abdelaleem M, Ezzat H, Osama M, Megahed A, Alaa W, Gaber A, Shafei A, Refaat A. Prospects for repurposing CNS drugs for cancer treatment. Oncol Rev 2019; 13:411. [PMID: 31044029 PMCID: PMC6478007 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2019.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing is the idea of using an already approved drug for another disease or disorder away from its initial use. This new approach ensures the reduction in high cost required for developing a new drug in addition to the time consumed, especially in the tumor disorders that show an unceasing rising rate with an unmet success rate of new anticancer drugs. In our review, we will review the anti-cancer effect of some CNS drugs, including both therapeutic and preventive, by searching the literature for preclinical or clinical evidence for anticancer potential of central nervous system drugs over the last 8 years period (2010-2018) and including only evidence from Q1 journals as indicated by Scimago website (www.scimagojr.com). We concluded that Some Central Nervous system drugs show a great potential as anti-cancer in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials through different mechanisms and pathways in different types of cancer that reveal a promising evidence for the repurposing of CNS drugs for new indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossam Ezzat
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Adel Megahed
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Waleed Alaa
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Shafei
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Refaat
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt.,Research Center, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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7
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Heuser M, Yun H, Thol F. Epigenetics in myelodysplastic syndromes. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 51:170-179. [PMID: 28778402 PMCID: PMC7116652 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators are the largest group of genes mutated in MDS patients. Most mutated genes belong to one of three groups of genes with normal functions in DNA methylation, in H3K27 methylation/acetylation or in H3K4 methylation. Mutations in the majority of epigenetic regulators disrupt their normal function and induce a loss-of-function phenotype. The transcriptional consequences are often failure to repress differentiation programs and upregulation of self-renewal pathways. However, the mechanisms how different epigenetic regulators result in similar transcriptional consequences are not well understood. Hypomethylating agents are active in higher risk MDS patients, but their efficacy does not correlate with mutations in epigenetic regulators and the median duration of hematologic response is limited to 10-13 months. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC) yielded disappointing results so far, questioning this approach in MDS patients. We review the clinical relevance of epigenetic mutations in MDS, discuss their functional consequences and highlight the role of epigenetic therapies in this difficult to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Haiyang Yun
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felicitas Thol
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Zou H, Li L, Han Y, Ma R, Liao Q, Tian J, Zhang X, Ren X, Song G, Guo Q, Li X, Ding H, Jiang G. Upregulation of CD54 and downregulation of HLA‑ABC contribute to the novel enhancement of the susceptibility of HL-60 cells to NK cell-mediated cytolysis induced by ATRA plus VPA. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:105-114. [PMID: 27840957 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancement of the susceptibility of HL-60 cells to NK cell-mediated cytolysis induced by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) plus valproate (VPA) was evaluated. In addition to the synergistic effect of ATRA plus VPA on HL-60 cells, the optimal concentration of 1 mM VPA plus 0.5 µM ATRA increased the cytotoxic sensitivity of HL-60 cells to NK cells. The expression of the activated receptors NKp30 and NKG2D on NK-92 cells was higher compared with the levels noted for the other receptors, and the expression of NKG2D ligands MICA/B on HL-60 cells was not significantly upregulated in the ATRA plus VPA goup compared with the control. Moreover, it was observed that the ligands of NKp30 on HL-60 cells presented the same variation trend. As to the co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules on NK-92 and their ligands on HL-60 cells post exposure to ATRA and VPA alone or their combination, there was no obvious change in the expression of CD112, CD48 and CD70 on the HL-60 cells. However, the expression of CD54 on HL-60 cells was significantly upregulated. In contrast, the expression of NKG2A ligands HLA-ABC on HL-60 cells was obviously downregulated. In addition, the expression of HLA-E on the HL-60 cells in the group treated with ATRA plus VPA was not significantly increased. In conclusion, the combination of VPA and ATRA not only induced the differentiation of HL-60 cells, but also induced enhancement of the sensitivity of HL-60 cells to NK cells by downregulating the expression of HLA-ABC and upregulating the expression of CD54, but not MICA/MICB. The results provide experimental and theoretical basis for the clinical combination of a low-dose of ATRA plus VPA for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zou
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Lianlian Li
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan‑Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Ruiping Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Liao
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Xia Ren
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Guanhua Song
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Ding
- Department of Hematology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257034, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
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9
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A polysaccharide isolated from Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. protects PC12 cells against H2O2-induced injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 87:222-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Davood ZA, Shamsi S, Ghaedi H, Sahand RI, Mojtaba G, Mahdi T, Reza M, Ebrahimi MJ, Miri-Moosavi RS, Boosaliki S, Davood OM. Valproic acid may exerts its cytotoxic effect through rassf1a expression induction in acute myeloid leukemia. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11001-6. [PMID: 26894600 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), despite the acceptance of standard intensive chemotherapy as an optimal induction regimen for all age groups, in the elderly patients, the best treatment should meet the challenge of multiple factors like age, comorbidities, and cytogenetics, making them ineligible for standard induction chemotherapy. Using the current low-intensity therapies like decitabine, azacitidine, and low-dose cytarabine as a single arm, outcomes for these patients remain poor. As a histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) exhibit anticancer activity by triggering apoptosis, the mechanism of which is not yet completely clarified. To explore the possible connection between VPA treatment and the Hippo pathway as an apoptosis stimulating route, we also explore the expression of major components of this pathway and for the first time we postulate a relationship between VPA treatment and cell death induction through RASSF1A expression induction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that autophagy inhibition by chloroquine (CQ) significantly augmented the cytotoxic effect of VPA on AML cells, especially in those with unfavorable and normal karyotype. Regarding that VPA and CQ are well-tolerated drugs and our presumptive results of usefulness of VPA + CQ in three cytogenetic risk groups of AML, this combinatorial therapy could represent an attractive treatment option for older AML patients unfit for intensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zare-Abdollahi Davood
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safari Shamsi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghaedi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Riazi-Isfahani Sahand
- Department of Social Determinants of Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghadyani Mojtaba
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tabarraee Mahdi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mirfakhraie Reza
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sara Boosaliki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omrani Mir Davood
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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An immediate transcriptional signature associated with response to the histone deacetylase inhibitor Givinostat in T acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenografts. Cell Death Dis 2016; 6:e2047. [PMID: 26764573 PMCID: PMC4816177 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite some success with certain hematological malignancies and in contrast with the strong pro-apoptotic effects measured in vitro, the overall response rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) is low. With the aim to improve the understanding of how HDACis work in vivo, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the clinically approved HDACi Givinostat in a collection of nine pediatric human T-ALL engrafted systemically in NOD/SCID mice. We observed highly heterogeneous antileukemia responses to Givinostat, associated with reduction of the percentage of infiltrating blasts in target organs, induction of apoptosis and differentiation. These effects were not associated with the T-ALL cytogenetic subgroup. Transcriptome analysis disclosed an immediate transcriptional signature enriched in genes involved in cell-cycle regulation and DNA repair, which was validated by quantitative RT-PCR and was associated with in vivo response to this HDACi. Increased phospho-H2AX levels, a marker of DNA damage, were measured in T-ALL cells from Givinostat responders. These results indicate that the induction of the DNA damage response could be an early biomarker of the therapeutic effects of Givinostat in T-ALL models. This information should be considered in the design of future clinical trials with HDACis in acute leukemia.
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12
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Lee SH, Nam HJ, Kang HJ, Samuels TL, Johnston N, Lim YC. Valproic acid suppresses the self-renewal and proliferation of head and neck cancer stem cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2065-71. [PMID: 26239260 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that cancer cells present profound epigenetic alterations in addition to featuring classic genetic mutations. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, can potently inhibit tumor growth and induce differentiation. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of VPA on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cancer stem cells (CSCs) remain unclear. In the present study we investigated the effects of VPA on the characteristics of HNSCC CSCs in vitro and in vivo. As a result, VPA inhibited the self-renewal abilities of HNSCC CSCs during two serial passages and decreased the expression of stem cell markers, such as Oct4, Sox2 and CD44. VPA also potentiated the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin by suppressing the ABCC2 and ABCC6 transporters as well as by inducing caspase-mediated apoptosis. In addition, the combination of VPA and cisplatin attenuated tumor growth and induced apoptosis in a xenograft model. Our results suggest that VPA might be a potential therapeutic strategy in combination with conventional cisplatin for HNSCC patients by elimination of CSC traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyuk Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Nam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tina L Samuels
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nikki Johnston
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Young Chang Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Trombly DJ, Whitfield TW, Padmanabhan S, Gordon JAR, Lian JB, van Wijnen AJ, Zaidi SK, Stein JL, Stein GS. Genome-wide co-occupancy of AML1-ETO and N-CoR defines the t(8;21) AML signature in leukemic cells. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:309. [PMID: 25928846 PMCID: PMC4434520 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many leukemias result from chromosomal rearrangements. The t(8;21) chromosomal translocation produces AML1-ETO, an oncogenic fusion protein that compromises the function of AML1, a transcription factor critical for myeloid cell differentiation. Because of the pressing need for new therapies in the treatment of acute myleoid leukemia, we investigated the genome-wide occupancy of AML1-ETO in leukemic cells to discover novel regulatory mechanisms involving AML-ETO bound genes. Results We report the co-localization of AML1-ETO with the N-CoR co-repressor to be primarily on genomic regions distal to transcriptional start sites (TSSs). These regions exhibit over-representation of the motif for PU.1, a key hematopoietic regulator and member of the ETS family of transcription factors. A significant discovery of our study is that genes co-occupied by AML1-ETO and N-CoR (e.g., TYROBP and LAPTM5) are associated with the leukemic phenotype, as determined by analyses of gene ontology and by the observation that these genes are predominantly up-regulated upon AML1-ETO depletion. In contrast, the AML1-ETO/p300 gene network is less responsive to AML1-ETO depletion and less associated with the differentiation block characteristic of leukemic cells. Furthermore, a substantial fraction of AML1-ETO/p300 co-localization occurs near TSSs in promoter regions associated with transcriptionally active loci. Conclusions Our findings establish a novel and dominant t(8;21) AML leukemia signature characterized by occupancy of AML1-ETO/N-CoR at promoter-distal genomic regions enriched in motifs for myeloid differentiation factors, thus providing mechanistic insight into the leukemic phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1445-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Trombly
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Troy W Whitfield
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA. .,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Srivatsan Padmanabhan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Jonathan A R Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA. .,Current address: Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Sayyed K Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
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14
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Song G, Wang L, Bi K, Jiang G. Regulation of the C/EBPα signaling pathway in acute myeloid leukemia (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2099-106. [PMID: 25760953 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), as a critical regulator of myeloid development, directs granulocyte and monocyte differentiation. Various mechanisms have been identified to explain how C/EBPα functions in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). C/EBPα expression is suppressed as a result of common leukemia-associated genetic and epigenetic alterations such as AML1-ETO, RARα-PLZF or gene promoter methylation. Recent data have shown that ubiquitination modification also contributes to its downregulation. In addition, 10-15% of patients with AML in an intermediate cytogenetic risk subgroup were characterized by mutations of the C/EBPα gene. As a transcription factor, C/EBPα can translocate into the nucleus and further regulate a variety of genes directly or indirectly, which are all key factors for cell differentiation. This review summarizes recent reports concerning the dysregulation of C/EBPα expression at various levels in human AML. The currently available data are persuasive evidence suggesting that impaired abnormal C/EBPα expression contributes to the development of AML, and restoration of C/EBPα expression as well as its function represents a promising target for novel therapeutic strategies in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Song
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases, Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Medical Biotechnology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Kehong Bi
- Department of Hematology, Qianfoshan Mountain Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases, Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
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15
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Parbin S, Kar S, Shilpi A, Sengupta D, Deb M, Rath SK, Patra SK. Histone deacetylases: a saga of perturbed acetylation homeostasis in cancer. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 62:11-33. [PMID: 24051359 PMCID: PMC3873803 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413506582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current era of genomic medicine, diseases are identified as manifestations of anomalous patterns of gene expression. Cancer is the principal example among such maladies. Although remarkable progress has been achieved in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the genesis and progression of cancer, its epigenetic regulation, particularly histone deacetylation, demands further studies. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are one of the key players in the gene expression regulation network in cancer because of their repressive role on tumor suppressor genes. Higher expression and function of deacetylases disrupt the finely tuned acetylation homeostasis in both histone and non-histone target proteins. This brings about alterations in the genes implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other cellular processes. Moreover, the reversible nature of epigenetic modulation by HDACs makes them attractive targets for cancer remedy. This review summarizes the current knowledge of HDACs in tumorigenesis and tumor progression as well as their contribution to the hallmarks of cancer. The present report also describes briefly various assays to detect histone deacetylase activity and discusses the potential role of histone deacetylase inhibitors as emerging epigenetic drugs to cure cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabnam Parbin
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India (SP, SK, AS, DS, SKR, SKP)
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16
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IRIYAMA NORIYOSHI, YUAN BO, YOSHINO YUTA, HATTA YOSHIHIRO, HORIKOSHI AKIRA, AIZAWA SHIN, TAKEI MASAMI, TAKEUCHI JIN, TAKAGI NORIO, TOYODA HIROO. Enhancement of differentiation induction and upregulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins and PU.1 in NB4 cells treated with combination of ATRA and valproic acid. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:865-73. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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17
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Liss A, Ooi CH, Zjablovskaja P, Benoukraf T, Radomska HS, Ju C, Wu M, Balastik M, Delwel R, Brdicka T, Tan P, Tenen DG, Alberich-Jorda M. The gene signature in CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α dysfunctional acute myeloid leukemia predicts responsiveness to histone deacetylase inhibitors. Haematologica 2013; 99:697-705. [PMID: 24162792 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.093278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
C/EPBα proteins, encoded by the CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α gene, play a crucial role in granulocytic development, and defects in this transcription factor have been reported in acute myeloid leukemia. Here, we defined the C/EBPα signature characterized by a set of genes up-regulated upon C/EBPα activation. We analyzed expression of the C/EBPα signature in a cohort of 525 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and identified a subset characterized by low expression of this signature. We referred to this group of patients as the C/EBPα dysfunctional subset. Remarkably, a large percentage of samples harboring C/EBPα biallelic mutations clustered within this subset. We hypothesize that re-activation of the C/EBPα signature in the C/EBPα dysfunctional subset could have therapeutic potential. In search for small molecules able to reverse the low expression of the C/EBPα signature we applied the connectivity map. This analysis predicted positive connectivity between the C/EBPα activation signature and histone deacetylase inhibitors. We showed that these inhibitors reactivate expression of the C/EBPα signature and promote granulocytic differentiation of primary samples from the C/EBPα dysfunctional subset harboring biallelic C/EBPα mutations. Altogether, our study identifies histone deacetylase inhibitors as potential candidates for the treatment of certain leukemias characterized by down-regulation of the C/EBPα signature.
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Targeting autophagy potentiates the apoptotic effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors in t(8;21) AML cells. Blood 2013; 122:2467-76. [PMID: 23970379 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-05-500629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of autophagy during leukemia treatment is unclear. On the one hand, autophagy might be induced as a prosurvival response to therapy, thereby reducing treatment efficiency. On the other hand, autophagy may contribute to degradation of fusion oncoproteins, as recently demonstrated for promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor α and breakpoint cluster region-abelson, thereby facilitating leukemia treatment. Here, we investigated these opposing roles of autophagy in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, which express the most frequently occurring AML fusion oncoprotein, AML1-eight-twenty-one (ETO). We demonstrate that autophagy is induced by AML1-ETO-targeting drugs, such as the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) valproic acid (VPA) and vorinostat. Furthermore, we show that autophagy does not mediate degradation of AML1-ETO but rather has a prosurvival role in AML cells, as inhibition of autophagy significantly reduced the viability and colony-forming ability of HDACi-treated AML cells. Combined treatment with HDACis and autophagy inhibitors such as chloroquine (CQ) led to a massive accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins that correlated with increased cell death. Finally, we show that VPA induced autophagy in t(8;21) AML patient cells, and combined treatment with CQ enhanced cell death. Because VPA and CQ are well-tolerated drugs, combinatorial therapy with VPA and CQ could represent an attractive treatment option for AML1-ETO-positive leukemia.
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19
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Zhuang WY, Cen JN, Zhao Y, Chen ZX. Epigenetic silencing of Bcl-2, CEBPA and p14(ARF) by the AML1-ETO oncoprotein contributing to growth arrest and differentiation block in the U937 cell line. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:185-92. [PMID: 23673926 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The AML1-ETO fusion transcription factor generated by the t(8;21) translocation is considered to deregulate the expression of genes that are crucial for normal differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors, resulting in acute myelogenous leukemia by recruiting co-repressor complexes to DNA. To investigate the role of AML1-ETO in leukemogenesis, we transfected the cloned AML1-ETO cDNA and expressed the AML1-ETO protein in U937 myelomonocytic leukemia cells. By focusing on the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, the key regulator gene of granulocytic differentiation CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (CEBPA) and the tumor suppressor gene p14(ARF), we found that both AML1-ETO-expressing cell lines and t(8;21) leukemia samples displayed low levels of these three genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Bcl-2, CEBPA and p14(ARF) were direct transcriptional targets of AML1-ETO. The universal binding of AML1-ETO to genomic DNA resulted in recruitment of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), reduction of histone H3 or H4 acetylation and increased trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 as well as lysine 27 indicating that AML1-ETO induced heterochromatic silencing of Bcl-2, CEBPA and p14(ARF). These results suggested that the aberrant transcription factor AML1-ETO epigenetically silenced the function of the Bcl-2, CEBPA and p14(ARF) genes by inducing repressed chromatin configurations at their promoters through histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yue Zhuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Abstract
HDACs (histone deacetylases) are a group of enzymes that deacetylate histones as well as non-histone proteins. They are known as modulators of gene transcription and are associated with proliferation and differentiation of a variety of cell types and the pathogenesis of some diseases. Recently, HDACs have come to be considered crucial targets in various diseases, including cancer, interstitial fibrosis, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and metabolic disorders. Pharmacological inhibitors of HDACs have been used or tested to treat those diseases. In the present review, we will examine the application of HDAC inhibitors in a variety of diseases with the focus on their effects of anti-cancer, fibrosis, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory activity and regulating metabolic disorders.
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Barbetti V, Gozzini A, Cheloni G, Marzi I, Fabiani E, Santini V, Dello Sbarba P, Rovida E. Time- and residue-specific differences in histone acetylation induced by VPA and SAHA in AML1/ETO-positive leukemia cells. Epigenetics 2013; 8:210-9. [PMID: 23321683 PMCID: PMC3592907 DOI: 10.4161/epi.23538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) suberoyl-anilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on Kasumi-1 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells expressing AML1/ETO. We also compared the effects of SAHA to those of valproic acid (VPA), a short-chain fatty acid HDACi. SAHA and VPA induced histone H3 and H4 acetylation, myeloid differentiation and massive early apoptosis. The latter effects were not determined by either drug in AML cell lines, such as NB4 or THP-1, not expressing AML1/ETO. SAHA was more rapid and effective than VPA in increasing H3 and H4 acetylation in total Kasumi-1 cell lysates and more effective than VPA in inducing acetylation of H4K8, H4K12, H4K16 residues. At the promoter of IL3, a transcriptionally-silenced target of AML1/ETO, SAHA was also more rapid than VPA in inducing total H4, H4K5, H4K8 and H3K27 acetylation, while VPA was more effective than SAHA at later times in inducing acetylation of total H4, H4K12, H4K16, as well as total H3. Consistent with these differences, SAHA induced the expression of IL3 mRNA more rapidly than VPA, while the effect of VPA was delayed. These differences might be exploited to design clinical trials specifically directed to AML subtypes characterized by constitutive HDAC activation. Our results led to include SAHA, an FDA-approved drug, among the HDACi active in the AML1/ETO-expressing AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Barbetti
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Oncologia Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy
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