1
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Huang Z, Zhang K, Jiang Y, Wang M, Li M, Guo Y, Gao R, Li N, Wang C, Chen J, Wang J, Liu N, Liu X, Liu S, Wei M, Yang C, Yang G. Molecular glue triggers degradation of PHGDH by enhancing the interaction between DDB1 and PHGDH. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:4001-4013. [PMID: 39309493 PMCID: PMC11413658 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a pivotal role in tumor initiation, proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence. Consequently, targeting CSCs has emerged as a promising avenue for cancer therapy. Recently, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) has been identified as being intricately associated with the regulation of numerous cancer stem cells. Yet, reports detailing the functional regulators of PHGDH that can mitigate the stemness across cancer types are limited. In this study, the novel "molecular glue" LXH-3-71 was identified, and it robustly induced degradation of PHGDH, thereby modulating the stemness of colorectal cancer cells (CRCs) both in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, LXH-3-71 was observed to form a dynamic chimera, between PHGDH and the DDB1-CRL E3 ligase. These insights not only elucidate the anti-CSCs mechanism of the lead compound but also suggest that degradation of PHGDH may be a more viable therapeutic strategy than the development of PHGDH inhibitors. Additionally, compound LXH-3-71 was leveraged as a novel ligand for the DDB1-CRL E3 ligase, facilitating the development of new PROTAC molecules targeting EGFR and CDK4 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yurui Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuda Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruolin Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ning Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiefu Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ning Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuangwei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mingming Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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2
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Xu Z. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated silencing of CD44: unveiling the role of hyaluronic acid-mediated interactions in cancer drug resistance. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2849-2876. [PMID: 37991544 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive overview of CD44 (CD44 Molecule (Indian Blood Group)), a cell surface glycoprotein, and its interaction with hyaluronic acid (HA) in drug resistance mechanisms across various types of cancer is provided, where CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was utilized to silence CD44 expression and examine its impact on cancer cell behavior, migration, invasion, proliferation, and drug sensitivity. The significance of the HA-CD44 axis in tumor microenvironment (TME) delivery and its implications in specific cancer types, the influence of CD44 variants and the KHDRBS3 (KH RNA Binding Domain Containing, Signal Transduction Associated 3) gene on cancer progression and drug resistance, and the potential of targeting HA-mediated pathways using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to overcome drug resistance in cancer were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Xu
- Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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3
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Cadamuro F, Marongiu L, Marino M, Tamini N, Nespoli L, Zucchini N, Terzi A, Altamura D, Gao Z, Giannini C, Bindi G, Smith A, Magni F, Bertini S, Granucci F, Nicotra F, Russo L. 3D bioprinted colorectal cancer models based on hyaluronic acid and signalling glycans. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120395. [PMID: 36604073 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In cancer microenvironment, aberrant glycosylation events of ECM proteins and cell surface receptors occur. We developed a protocol to generate 3D bioprinted models of colorectal cancer (CRC) crosslinking hyaluronic acid and gelatin functionalized with three signalling glycans characterized in CRC, 3'-Sialylgalactose, 6'-Sialylgalactose and 2'-Fucosylgalactose. The crosslinking, performed exploiting azide functionalized gelatin and hyaluronic acid and 4arm-PEG-dibenzocyclooctyne, resulted in biocompatible hydrogels that were 3D bioprinted with commercial CRC cells HT-29 and patient derived CRC tumoroids. The glycosylated hydrogels showed good 3D printability, biocompatibility and stability over the time. SEM and synchrotron radiation SAXS/WAXS analysis revealed the influence of glycosylation in the construct morphology, whereas MALDI-MS imaging showed that protein profiles of tumoroid cells vary with glycosylation, indicating that sialylation and fucosylation of ECM proteins induce diverse alterations to the proteome of the tumoroid and surrounding cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cadamuro
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Marongiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Michele Marino
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicolò Tamini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; ASST San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Nespoli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; ASST San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | | | - Alberta Terzi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, v. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Davide Altamura
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, v. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Zirui Gao
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland.
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, v. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Greta Bindi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy.
| | - Andrew Smith
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Magni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Bertini
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Russo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland.
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4
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Zhuang Y, Zhou J, Liu S, Wang Q, Qian J, Zou X, Peng H, Xue T, Jin Z, Wu C. Yiqi Jianpi Huayu Jiedu Decoction Inhibits Metastasis of Colon Adenocarcinoma by Reversing Hsa-miR-374a-3p/Wnt3/β-Catenin-Mediated Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Cellular Plasticity. Front Oncol 2022; 12:904911. [PMID: 35837105 PMCID: PMC9273741 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.904911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) accounts for 95% of colon cancer cases, with the 5-year survival rate significantly affected by local or distant metastases. Yiqi Jianpi Huayu Jiedu decoction (YJHJD), based on the theory of “nourish qi, invigorate the spleen, remove blood stasis, and detoxify”, has long been applied and shown to be remarkable in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of YJHJD have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we first confirmed hsa-miR-374a-3p as a tumor suppressor based on its lower expression in the plasma of patients with COAD with liver metastasis and association with more advanced local progression. We also verified WNT3 as a potential target of hsa-miR-374a-3p and observed its increased expression in COAD tissues. Furthermore, we showed that the hsa-miR-374a-3p/Wnt3/β-catenin axis was responsible for epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cellular plasticity in COAD, as well as poorer patient prognosis. Our results showed that YJHJD inhibited motility and colony potential in vitro, as well as liver metastasis of COAD in vivo. Moreover, YJHJD induced a reversal of EMT and cellular plasticity-related molecular expression, increased hsa-miR-374a-3p, and decreased Wnt3 and β-catenin levels. In addition, silencing of hsa-miR-374a-3p weakened YJHJD inhibition, whereas the β-catenin inhibitor XAV939 partially repaired it. Taken together, these results demonstrated that YJHJD suppressed the EMT and cellular plasticity of COAD by regulating hsa-miR-374a-3p/Wnt3/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyong Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenlin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Zou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Department of Education, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cunen Wu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Cunen Wu,
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5
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Zhang DY, Monteiro MJ, Liu JP, Gu WY. Mechanisms of cancer stem cell senescence: Current understanding and future perspectives. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1185-1202. [PMID: 34046925 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of heterogeneous tumor cells with the capacity of self-renewal and aberrant differentiation for immortality and divergent lineages of cancer cells. In contrast to bulky tumor cells, CSCs remain less differentiated and resistant to therapy even when targeted with tissue-specific antigenic markers. This makes CSCs responsible for not only tumor initiation, development, but also tumor recurrence. Emerging evidence suggests that CSCs can undergo cell senescence, a non-proliferative state of cells in response to stress. While cell senescence attenuates tumor cell proliferation, it is commonly regarded as a tumor suppressive mechanism. However, mounting research indicates that CSC senescence also provides these cells with the capacity to evade cytotoxic effects from cancer therapy, exacerbating cancer relapse and metastasis. Recent studies demonstrate that senescence drives reprogramming of cancer cell toward stemness and promotes CSC generation. In this review, we highlight the origin, heterogeneity and senescence regulatory mechanisms of CSCs, the complex relationship between CSC senescence and tumor therapy, and the recent beneficial effects of senotherapy on eliminating senescent tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Prahran, Vic, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Wen-Yi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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6
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Ohata H, Shiokawa D, Obata Y, Sato A, Sakai H, Fukami M, Hara W, Taniguchi H, Ono M, Nakagama H, Okamoto K. NOX1-Dependent mTORC1 Activation via S100A9 Oxidation in Cancer Stem-like Cells Leads to Colon Cancer Progression. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1282-1295.e8. [PMID: 31365870 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with the refractory nature of cancer, and elucidating the targetable pathways for CSCs is crucial for devising innovative antitumor therapies. We find that the proliferation of CSC-enriched colon spheroids from clinical specimen is dependent on mTORC1 kinase, which is activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NOX1, an NADPH oxidase. In the spheroid-derived xenograft tumors, NOX1 is preferentially expressed in LGR5-positive cells. Dependence on NOX1 expression or mTOR kinase activity is corroborated in the xenograft tumors and mouse colon cancer-derived organoids. NOX1 co-localizes with mTORC1 in VPS41-/VPS39-positive lysosomes, where mTORC1 binds to S100A9, a member of S100 calcium binding proteins, in a NOX1-produced ROS-dependent manner. S100A9 is oxidized by NOX1-produced ROS, which facilitates binding to mTORC1 and its activation. We propose that NOX1-dependent mTORC1 activation via S100A9 oxidation in VPS41-/VPS39-positive lysosomes is crucial for colon CSC proliferation and colon cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Ohata
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiokawa
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuuki Obata
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ai Sato
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mayu Fukami
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Wakako Hara
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masaya Ono
- Department of Clinical Proteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakagama
- National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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7
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Lai HT, Chiang CT, Tseng WK, Chao TC, Su Y. GATA6 enhances the stemness of human colon cancer cells by creating a metabolic symbiosis through upregulating LRH-1 expression. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1327-1347. [PMID: 32037723 PMCID: PMC7266275 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells play critical roles in tumor initiation, progression, and relapse. Since we previously found that GATA6 promotes the stemness in HCT‐116 and HT‐29 human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, we aimed to identify the downstream mediator(s) of the stemness‐stimulating effect of GATA6 herein. LRH‐1 was found as a direct target of GATA6 and its upregulation promoted the stemness in both HCT‐116 and HT‐29 cells. Subsequently, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) was identified as a direct target of LRH‐1 and its expression level and activity were significantly elevated in the LRH‐1‐overexpressing clones established from the aforementioned two CRC lines. Accordingly, the expression levels of several HIF‐1α targets were also markedly increased, resulting in a stronger glycolysis associated with dramatic elevations of the lactate levels in these cells. Strikingly, higher mitochondrial activities were also found in these clones which might be attributed to the increase of PGC‐1α stimulated by the lactate uptaken through the upregulated MCT‐1. Finally, significant increases in the self‐renewal ability, intracellular radical oxygen species levels and mitochondrial mass were detected in the CD133+/CD44+ subpopulations isolated from CRC cells regardless of their LRH‐1 expression levels. Together, our results suggest a novel metabolic symbiosis between different colorectal cancer stem cell subpopulations critical for maintaining their mutual stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Tzu Lai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Ting Chiang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Ko Tseng
- Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Colorectal Surgery Department, Chung-Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Chung Chao
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yeu Su
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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8
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Yang Y, Nguyen TT, Pereira I, Hur JS, Kim H. Lichen Secondary Metabolite Physciosporin Decreases the Stemness Potential of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E797. [PMID: 31795147 PMCID: PMC6995618 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites of lichens are promising bioresources for candidate anti-cancer drugs. Accordingly, several approaches have been proposed for screening these molecules for novel anti-cancer lead compounds. In this study, we found that a non-toxic concentration of physciosporin, a compound isolated from Pseudocyphellaria granulata, significantly decreased colony formation on soft agar and spheroid formation by CSC221 cancer stem-like cells. Physciosporin also decreased spheroid formation in other colorectal cancer cell lines, including DLD1, Caco2, and HT29. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1), the most important cancer stem marker, was sharply downregulated at both the protein and mRNA level following treatment with physciosporin. Physciosporin also decreased the transcriptional activity of the glioma-associated oncogene homolog zinc finger protein (Gli), as well as the Hes1 and CSL promoters, in reporter assays. Moreover, the drug significantly suppressed spheroid formation in CSC221 cells overexpressing Gli1/2 or EN1 (an S2-cleaved but membrane-tethered form of human Notch1) but did not suppress spheroid formation in cells overexpressing both Gli1/2 and ∆EN1, suggesting that physciosporin suppresses colon cancer cell stemness through the Sonic hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways. Together, these results demonstrate for the first time that physciosporin is a potent inhibitor of colorectal cancer cell stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea; (Y.Y.); (T.T.N.)
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea;
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Thanh Thi Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea; (Y.Y.); (T.T.N.)
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea;
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thout 630000, Vietnam
| | - Iris Pereira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 747-721, Chile;
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea;
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea; (Y.Y.); (T.T.N.)
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9
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Lai HT, Tseng WK, Huang SW, Chao TC, Su Y. MicroRNA-203 diminishes the stemness of human colon cancer cells by suppressing GATA6 expression. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2866-2880. [PMID: 31544978 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between hyaluronan and CD44, an important cancer stem-cell marker, stimulates various tumor cell-specific functions such as the stemness of tumor cells. microRNA-203 (miR-203) can be downregulated by this interaction in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, which increases their stemness; however, the underlying mechanism is not yet defined. Here, we show that overexpression and sequestration of miR-203 in HCT-116 and HT-29 human CRC cells reduces and enhances their stemness, respectively. We also show that GATA-binding factor 6 (GATA6) is a direct target of miR-203. Our results indicate that upregulated expression of this transcription factor not only restores the self-renewal abilities of miR-203-overexpressing HCT-116 and HT-29 cells but also promotes the stemness properties of their parental counterparts. More important, we show that silencing the expression of either LRH-1 or Hes-1 is sufficient to diminish the stemness-promoting effects of GATA6 in human CRC cells. Together, our findings delineate the stemness-inhibitory mechanism of miR-203 in human CRC cells and suggest that this miR is a potential therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Tzi Lai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Shi-Pai, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Ko Tseng
- Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Shi-Pai, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Colorectal Surgery Department, Chung-Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shi-Wei Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Shi-Pai, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Chung Chao
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Shi-Pai, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yeu Su
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Shi-Pai, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Shi-Pai, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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10
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Sun Y, Lai X, Yu Y, Li J, Cao L, Lin W, Huang C, Liao J, Chen W, Li C, Yang C, Ying M, Chen Q, Ye Y. Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) mediates stemness of colorectal cancer cells through the Id1-c-Myc-PLAC8 axis via the Wnt/β-catenin and Shh signaling pathways. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6855-6869. [PMID: 31440083 PMCID: PMC6664424 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s207167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) is upregulated in multiple cancers, and Id1overexpression correlates with cancer aggressiveness and poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. However, its roles in cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are still elusive. Purpose This study aimed to examine the role of Id1 on the mediation of CRC stemness and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Id1 and CD133 expression was detected by qPCR assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in normal mucosal and primary colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens. Id1 was stably knocked down (KD) in human CRC cell lines. Spheres forming assay and tumorigenic assay were performed to evaluate self-renewal capacity and tumor initiation. Expression of CSC- and EMT-related markers and TCF/LEF activity were assessed in HCT116 cells after Id1 KD. Results qPCR assay showed higher Id1 and CD133 expression in CRC specimens than in normal mucosal specimens (P<0.05). IHC detected high cytoplasmic Id1 expression in 35 CRC specimens (46.7%), and high CD133 expression in 22 CRC specimens (29.3%) and negative expression in 18 normal mucosal specimens. High Id1 expression positively correlated with poor differentiation (P=0.034), and CD133 expression correlated with T category in CRC patients (P=0.002). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between Id1 and CD133 expression in CRC patients (P<0.05). Id1 KD resulted in suppression of proliferation, cell-colony formation, self-renewal capability and CSC-like features in HCT116 cells, and impaired the tumor-initiating capability in CRC cells. In addition, Id1 maintained the stemness of CRC cells via the Id1-c-Myc-PLAC8 axis through activating the Wnt/β-catenin and Shh signaling pathways. Conclusions Id1 expression significantly correlates with CD133 expression in CRC patients, and Id1 KD impairs CSC-like capacity and reverses EMT traits, partially via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Id1 may be a promising therapeutic target against colon CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyu Li
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine , Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wansong Lin
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine , Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanzhong Huang
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine , Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Liao
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine , Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunkang Yang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingang Ying
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunbin Ye
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine , Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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11
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Visone R, Bacalini MG, Di Franco S, Ferracin M, Colorito ML, Pagotto S, Laprovitera N, Licastro D, Di Marco M, Scavo E, Bassi C, Saccenti E, Nicotra A, Grzes M, Garagnani P, De Laurenzi V, Valeri N, Mariani-Costantini R, Negrini M, Stassi G, Veronese A. DNA methylation of shelf, shore and open sea CpG positions distinguish high microsatellite instability from low or stable microsatellite status colon cancer stem cells. Epigenomics 2019; 11:587-604. [PMID: 31066579 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the genome-wide methylation of genetically characterized colorectal cancer stem cell (CR-CSC) lines. Materials & methods: Eight CR-CSC lines were isolated from primary colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, cultured and characterized for aneuploidy, mutational status of CRC-related genes and microsatellite instability (MSI). Genome-wide DNA methylation was assessed by MethylationEPIC microarray. Results: We describe a distinctive methylation pattern that is maintained following in vivo passages in immune-compromised mice. We identified an epigenetic CR-CSC signature associated with MSI. We noticed that the preponderance of the differentially methylated positions do not reside at CpG islands, but spread to shelf and open sea regions. Conclusion: Given that CRCs with MSI-high status have a lower metastatic potential, the identification of a MSI-related methylation signature could provide new insights and possible targets into metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Visone
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Center of Aging Science & Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Simone Di Franco
- Cellular & Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Oncological & Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Colorito
- Cellular & Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Oncological & Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sara Pagotto
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Center of Aging Science & Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Noemi Laprovitera
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Mirco Di Marco
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Center of Aging Science & Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scavo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristian Bassi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery & Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Saccenti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery & Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nicotra
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Grzes
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics & Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Center of Aging Science & Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Renato Mariani-Costantini
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Center of Aging Science & Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery & Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Veronese
- Center of Aging Science & Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine & Aging Science, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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12
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Yang LF, Xing Y, Xiao JX, Xie J, Gao W, Xie J, Wang LT, Wang J, Liu M, Yi Z, Qiu WW. Synthesis of Cyanoenone-Modified Diterpenoid Analogs as Novel Bmi-1-Mediated Antitumor Agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1105-1110. [PMID: 30429953 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bmi-1 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and served as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC. A series of novel cyanoenone-modified diterpenoid analogs was synthesized and investigated for their antiproliferative activity against CRC cells. The results showed that most of these compounds exhibited potent antiproliferative and Bmi-1 inhibitory activity. Among them, the most active compound 33 (SH498) showed more potent antiproliferative activity than the positive control compound PTC-209. These synthetic diterpenoid analogs were less toxic for normal human fibroblasts (HAF) than for CRC cells. Especially 33, its selectivity index (SI) between HAF and tumor cells was 7.3-13.1, which was much better than PTC-209. The polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) complex, transwell migration, colony formation, cancer stem cell proliferation, and apoptosis assays of 33 were performed on CRC cell lines. The in vivo antitumor effect of 33 was also observed in HCT116 tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Fang Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yajing Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jie-Xin Xiao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jia Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jiuqing Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Li-Ting Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wen-Wei Qiu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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13
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Bellmunt J. Stem-Like Signature Predicting Disease Progression in Early Stage Bladder Cancer. The Role of E2F3 and SOX4. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6030085. [PMID: 30072631 PMCID: PMC6164884 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of the cancer stem cells (CSC) field, together with powerful genome-wide screening techniques, have provided the basis for the development of future alternative and reliable therapies aimed at targeting tumor-initiating cell populations. Urothelial bladder cancer stem cells (BCSCs) that were identified for the first time in 2009 are heterogenous and originate from multiple cell types; including urothelial stem cells and differentiated cell types—basal, intermediate stratum and umbrella cells Some studies hypothesize that BCSCs do not necessarily arise from normal stem cells but might derive from differentiated progenies following mutational insults and acquisition of tumorigenic properties. Conversely, there is data that normal bladder tissues can generate CSCs through mutations. Prognostic risk stratification by identification of predictive markers is of major importance in the management of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) patients. Several stem cell markers have been linked to recurrence or progression. The CD44v8-10 to standard CD44-ratio (total ratio of all CD44 alternative splicing isoforms) in urothelial cancer has been shown to be closely associated with tumor progression and aggressiveness. ALDH1, has also been reported to be associated with BCSCs and a worse prognosis in a large number of studies. UCC include low-grade and high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and high-grade muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Important genetic defects characterize the distinct pathways in each one of the stages and probably grades. As an example, amplification of chromosome 6p22 is one of the most frequent changes seen in MIBC and might act as an early event in tumor progression. Interestingly, among NMIBC there is a much higher rate of amplification in high-grade NMIBC compared to low grade NMIBC. CDKAL1, E2F3 and SOX4 are highly expressed in patients with the chromosomal 6p22 amplification aside from other six well known genes (ID4, MBOAT1, LINC00340, PRL, and HDGFL1). Based on that, SOX4, E2F3 or 6q22.3 amplifications might represent potential targets in this tumor type. Focusing more in SOX4, it seems to exert its critical regulatory functions upstream of the Snail, Zeb, and Twist family of transcriptional inducers of EMT (epithelial–mesenchymal transition), but without directly affecting their expression as seen in several cell lines of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) project. SOX4 gene expression correlates with advanced cancer stages and poor survival rate in bladder cancer, supporting a potential role as a regulator of the bladder CSC properties. SOX4 might serve as a biomarker of the aggressive phenotype, also underlying progression from NMIBC to MIBC. The amplicon in chromosome 6 contains SOX4 and E2F3 and is frequently found amplified in bladder cancer. These genes/amplicons might be a potential target for therapy. As an existing hypothesis is that chromatin deregulation through enhancers or super-enhancers might be the underlying mechanism responsible of this deregulation, a potential way to target these transcription factors could be through epigenetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Bellmunt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (PSMAR-Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Su P, Yang Y, Wang G, Chen X, Ju Y. Curcumin attenuates resistance to irinotecan via induction of apoptosis of cancer stem cells in chemoresistant colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1343-1353. [PMID: 29956726 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, including irinotecan (CPT‑11), 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine is a major cause for therapeutic failure in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Increasing evidence has demonstrated that cancer cells exhibiting stem cell-like characteristics are associated with the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. As a plant polyphenol, curcumin has been demonstrated to have the ability to ameliorate resistance of CRC to chemotherapeutic agents, but the associations among curcumin, cancer stem cells (CSCs) and chemoresistance of CRC remain unclear. The present study established a CPT‑11-resistant colon cancer cell line, LoVo/CPT‑11 cells, and detected the expression levels of CSC identification markers [cluster of differentiation (CD)44, CD133, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and CD24] in parental cells and CPT‑11-resistant cells. It was revealed that the expression levels of the colon CSC markers in LoVo/CPT‑11 cells were significantly higher compared those in parental cells at the mRNA and protein level. The effect of curcumin on the chemoresistance to CPT‑11 and the expression levels of CSC identification markers in LoVo/CPT‑11 cells separately treated with curcumin and CPT‑11 were further investigated. The results revealed that curcumin significantly attenuated chemoresistance to CPT‑11, and treatment with curcumin resulted in a significant reduction of the expression levels of CSC identification markers. Furthermore, a tumor sphere formation assay was used to enrich colon CSCs from LoVo/CPT‑11 cells, and demonstrated that curcumin efficiently diminished the traits of colon CSCs, as evidenced by the inability to form tumor spheres, the reduction in the expression of CSC identification markers, and apoptosis-induced effects on sphere-forming cells treated with curcumin alone or in combination with CPT‑11. Altogether, the present data demonstrated that curcumin attenuated resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs through induction of apoptosis of CSCs among colon cancer cells. These findings may provide novel evidence for the therapeutic application of curcumin in CRC intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong 528300, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated with Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Guoxin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong 528300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong 528300, P.R. China
| | - Yongle Ju
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong 528300, P.R. China
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15
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Su YH, Lin TY, Liu HJ, Chuang CK. A set of cancer stem cell homing peptides associating with the glycan moieties of glycosphingolipids. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20490-20507. [PMID: 29755667 PMCID: PMC5945507 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are currently believed to be involved in tumor metastasis and relapse. And treatments against CSCs are well concerned issues. Peptides targeting to mouse and human CSCs were screened from an M13 phage display library. The first subset of cancer stem cell homing peptides (CSC HPs), CSC HP-1 to -12, were screened with mouse EMT6 breast cancer stem cells. Among them, CSC HP-1, CSC HP-3, CSC HP-8, CSC HP-9, and CSC HP-10 can bind to mouse CT26 colon CSCs; CSC HP-1, CSC HP-2, CSC HP-3, and CSC HP-8 can bind to mouse Hepa1-6 liver CSCs; as well as CSC HP-1, CSC HP-2, CSC HP-3, CSC HP-8, CSC HP-9, CSC HP-10, and CSC HP-11 can bind to human PANC-1 pancreatic CSCs. The second subset of cancer stem cell homing peptides, CSC HP-hP1 to -hP3, were screened with human PANC-1 pancreatic CSCs. Both CSC HP-hP1 and CSC HP-hP2 were demonstrated able to bind mouse EMT6, CT26 and Hepa1-6 CSCs as well as human colorectal HT29 and lung H1650 CSCs. CSC HP-1 and CSC HP-hP1 could strongly associate with the Globo 4 and Lewis Y glycan epitopes coupled on a microarray chip or Globo 4 and Globo H conjugated on bovine serum albumin. CSC HP-10, CSC HP-11 and CSC HP-hP2 could associate with the disialylated saccharide Neu5Ac-α-2,6-Gal-β-1,3-(Neu5Ac-α-2,6)-GalNAc coupled on a microarray chip. These results indicate that the CSC HPs may target to the known stem cell glycan markers GbH and Lewis Y as well as the disialylated saccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiu Su
- Division of Biotechnology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City 30093, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yun Lin
- Division of Biotechnology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City 30093, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Chuang
- Division of Biotechnology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City 30093, Taiwan
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16
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Nishiyama M, Tsunedomi R, Yoshimura K, Hashimoto N, Matsukuma S, Ogihara H, Kanekiyo S, Iida M, Sakamoto K, Suzuki N, Takeda S, Yamamoto S, Yoshino S, Ueno T, Hamamoto Y, Hazama S, Nagano H. Metastatic ability and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in induced cancer stem-like hepatoma cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1101-1109. [PMID: 29417690 PMCID: PMC5891178 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to play important roles in cancer malignancy. Previously, we successfully induced sphere cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) from several cell lines and observed the property of chemoresistance. In the present study, we examined the metastatic potential of these induced CSLCs. Sphere cancer stem-like cells were induced from a human hepatoma cell line (SK-HEP-1) in a unique medium containing neural survival factor-1. Splenic injection of cells into immune-deficient mice was used to assess hematogenous liver metastasis. Transcriptomic strand-specific RNA-sequencing analysis, quantitative real-time PCR, and flow cytometry were carried out to examine the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes. Splenic injection of CSLCs resulted in a significantly increased frequency of liver metastasis compared to parental cancer cells (P < .05). In CSLCs, a mesenchymal marker, Vimentin, and EMT-promoting transcription factors, Snail and Twist1, were upregulated compared to parental cells. Correspondingly, significant enrichment of the molecular signature of the EMT in CSLCs relative to parental cancer cells was shown (q < 0.01) by RNA-sequencing analysis. This analysis also revealed differential expression of CD44 isoforms between CSLCs and parental cancer cells. Increasing CD44 isoforms containing an extra exon were observed, and the standard CD44 isoform decreased in CSLCs compared to parental cells. Interestingly, another CD44 variant isoform encoding a short cytoplasmic tail was also upregulated in CSLCs (11.7-fold). Our induced CSLCs possess an increased liver metastatic potential in which promotion of the EMT and upregulation of CD44 variant isoforms, especially short-tail, were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Nishiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine SurgeryYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine SurgeryYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshimura
- Division of Cancer ImmunotherapyExploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial CenterNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Noriaki Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine SurgeryYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Satoshi Matsukuma
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine SurgeryYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogihara
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Information EngineeringYamaguchi University Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for InnovationUbeJapan
| | - Shinsuke Kanekiyo
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine SurgeryYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Michihisa Iida
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine SurgeryYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Kazuhiko Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine SurgeryYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine SurgeryYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Shigeru Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine SurgeryYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Shigeru Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine SurgeryYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | | | - Tomio Ueno
- Department of Digestive SurgerySchool of MedicineKawasaki Medical SchoolKurashikiJapan
| | - Yoshihiko Hamamoto
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Information EngineeringYamaguchi University Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for InnovationUbeJapan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against CancerYamaguchi University Faculty of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine SurgeryYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
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17
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Wang R, Wei J, Zhang S, Wu X, Guo J, Liu M, Du K, Xu J, Peng L, Lv Z, You W, Xiong Y, Fu Z. Peroxiredoxin 2 is essential for maintaining cancer stem cell-like phenotype through activation of Hedgehog signaling pathway in colon cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86816-86828. [PMID: 27894099 PMCID: PMC5349956 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a key target for reducing tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. Redox status is a critical factor in the maintenance of CSCs, and the antioxidant enzyme Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2) plays an important role in the development of colon cancer. Therefore, we investigated the contribution of Prdx2 to the maintenance of stemness of colon CSCs. Here, we used short-hairpin RNAs and a Prdx2-overexpression vector to determine the effects of Prdx2. We demonstrated that knockdown of Prdx2 reduced the self-renewal and sphere formation and resulted in increased 5-FU-induced apoptosis in human colon CSCs. Prdx2 overexpression induced reversion of the self-renewal and sphere formation. Furthermore, the effects of Prdx2 resulted in an altered expression of stemness associated with the Hh/Gli1 signaling pathway. Finally, knockdown of Prdx2 in CD133+ cells reduced the volume of xenograft tumors in BALB/c-nu mice. Taken together, colon CSCs overexpress Prdx2, which promotes their stem cell properties via the Hh/Gli1 signaling pathway. The results suggest that Prdx2 may be an effective therapeutic target for the elimination of CSCs in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jinlai Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shouru Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xingye Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jinbao Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Maoxi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kunli Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Linglong Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhenbing Lv
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenxian You
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yongfu Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhongxue Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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18
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Macrophage conditioned medium promotes colorectal cancer stem cell phenotype via the hedgehog signaling pathway. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190070. [PMID: 29293549 PMCID: PMC5749743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is conflicting data on the role of macrophages in colorectal cancer (CRC); some studies have shown that macrophages can exert an anti-tumor effect whereas others show that macrophages are tumor promoting. We sought to determine the role of conditioned medium (CM) from macrophages, in particular classically activated macrophages, on the development of the CSC phenotype in CRC cells, which is believed to mediate tumor growth and chemoresistance. METHODS Murine (CT26) and human (HCP-1) CRC cell lines were treated with CM from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophages. The CSC population was assessed using the sphere-forming assay and aldehyde dehydrogenase assay. Chemoresistance studies were performed using the MTT assay. CSC transcription factors and SHH protein were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that LPS-activated macrophage CM induced the CSC phenotype in CRC cells. Further studies showed that the CSC phenotype was mediated by the sonic hedgehog (SHH)-Gli signaling pathway, which is known to drive self-renewal; these effects were blocked by depletion of SHH in macrophage CM. In addition, LPS-activated macrophage CM enhanced chemoresistance. CONCLUSIONS LPS-activated macrophages play an active role in promoting the CSC phenotype through activation of the SHH-Gli signaling pathway in CRC cells.
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19
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Fesler A, Liu H, Ju J. Modified miR-15a has therapeutic potential for improving treatment of advanced stage colorectal cancer through inhibition of BCL2, BMI1, YAP1 and DCLK1. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2367-2383. [PMID: 29416778 PMCID: PMC5788646 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in colon cancer treatments, resistance and recurrence remain a significant challenge in treating patients. Novel therapeutic strategies are in urgent need to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes. MicroRNA based therapeutics have potential to help combat resistance. In this study, we have shown that low miR-15a expression correlates with poor patient prognosis. We have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of miR-15a in colon cancer. miR-15a inhibits several important genes (BCL2, BMI1, YAP1 and DCLK1), decreasing cancer progression and resistance. Additionally, by replacing uracil in miR-15a with 5-fluorouracil, we created a novel miR-15a mimic with enhanced therapeutic potential. This mimic maintains target specificity and is more potent than unmodified miR-15a in vitro and inhibits colon tumor metastasis in vivo. This mimic has great potential for therapeutic development for treating colon cancer patients. This novel modification has potential to advance the development of other microRNA based therapeutics beyond miR-15a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fesler
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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20
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Wu N, Fesler A, Liu H, Ju J. Development of novel miR-129 mimics with enhanced efficacy to eliminate chemoresistant colon cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 9:8887-8897. [PMID: 29507661 PMCID: PMC5823633 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemotherapy is the major reason for failure of treating patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Materials and methods In this study, we developed a novel miR-129 mimic with potent efficacy in eliminating resistant colon cancer stem cells both in vitro and in vivo. We integrated 5-FU into miR-129 by replacing Uracil (U) to generate 5-FU-miR-129 mimics (Mimic-1). Results Mimic-1 is a strong therapeutic candidate with a number of unique features. Mimic-1 can be delivered to cancer cells without any transfection reagents (e.g. lipids, viral vector, nanoparticles). Mimic-1 is more potent at inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase than native miR-129 and the other mimics tested, while retaining target specificity. Mimic-1 prevents colon cancer metastasis in vivo without toxicity. Conclusion This represents a significant advancement in the development of a nontoxic and highly potent miRNA based cancer therapeutics and establishes a foundation for further developing Mimic-1 as a novel anti-cancer therapeutic for treating colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Andrew Fesler
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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21
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Szaryńska M, Olejniczak A, Kobiela J, Spychalski P, Kmieć Z. Therapeutic strategies against cancer stem cells in human colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7653-7668. [PMID: 29250169 PMCID: PMC5727596 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent malignancy and represents the fourth most common cause of cancer-associated mortalities in the world. Despite many advances in the treatment of CRC, the 5-year survival rate of patients with CRC remains unsatisfactory due to tumor recurrence and metastases. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs), have been suggested to be responsible for the initiation and relapse of the disease, and have been identified in CRC. Due to their basic biological features, which include self-renewal and pluripotency, CSCs may be novel therapeutic targets for CRC and other cancer types. Conventional therapeutics only act on proliferating and mature cancer cells, while quiescent CSCs survive and often become resistant to chemotherapy. In this review, markers of CRC-CSCs are evaluated and the recently introduced experimental therapies that specifically target these cells by inducing CSC proliferation, differentiation and sensitization to apoptotic signals via molecules including Dickkopf-1, bone morphogenetic protein 4, Kindlin-1, tankyrases, and p21-activated kinase 1, are discussed. In addition, novel strategies aimed at inhibiting some crucial processes engaged in cancer progression regulated by the Wnt, transforming growth factor β and Notch signaling pathways (pyrvinium pamoate, silibinin, PRI-724, P17, and P144 peptides) are also evaluated. Although the metabolic alterations in cancer were first described decades ago, it is only recently that the concept of targeting key regulatory molecules of cell metabolism, such as sirtuin 1 (miR-34a) and AMPK (metformin), has emerged. In conclusion, the discovery of CSCs has resulted in the definition of novel therapeutic targets and the development of novel experimental therapies for CRC. However, further investigations are required in order to apply these novel drugs in human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szaryńska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk; Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Olejniczak
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk; Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Invasive Medicine Center, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Spychalski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Invasive Medicine Center, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk; Gdańsk, Poland
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22
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Yang Q, Bavi P, Wang JY, Roehrl MH. Immuno-proteomic discovery of tumor tissue autoantigens identifies olfactomedin 4, CD11b, and integrin alpha-2 as markers of colorectal cancer with liver metastases. J Proteomics 2017; 168:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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AA-NAT, MT1 and MT2 Correlates with Cancer Stem-Like Cell Markers in Colorectal Cancer: Study of the Influence of Stage and p53 Status of Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061251. [PMID: 28604612 PMCID: PMC5486074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) may help to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. p53 loss increases the pool of CSCs in colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent reports suggest that the oncostatic effects of melatonin could be related to its ability to kill CSCs. Although there are no data linking the loss of p53 function and melatonin synthesis or signaling in cancer, melatonin does activate the p53 tumor-suppressor pathway in this disease. In this work, we analyze whether the expression of melatonin synthesis and signaling genes are related to the expression of CSC markers and the implication of p53 status in samples from patients with CRC. Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT), MT1, and MT2 expression decreased in tumor samples versus normal mucosa samples in mutated p53 (mtp53) tumors versus those with wild-type p53 (wtp53). Further, AA-NAT and MT2 expression were lower in advanced stages of the disease in wtp53 tumors. On the contrary, CD44 and CD66c expression was higher in tumor versus normal mucosa in wtp53 tumors. Additionally, CD44 expression was higher in advanced stages of the disease regardless of the p53 status. Patients with CD44highCD66chigh and wtp53 tumors in advanced stages showed low expression of AA-NAT and MT2 in wtp53 tumors. These results could indicate a possible interaction of these pathways in CRC.
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24
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Wang R, Bhattacharya R, Ye X, Fan F, Boulbes DR, Xia L, Ellis LM. Endothelial cells activate the cancer stem cell-associated NANOGP8 pathway in colorectal cancer cells in a paracrine fashion. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:1023-1034. [PMID: 28453235 PMCID: PMC5537915 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been hypothesized to mediate cell survival and chemoresistance. Previous studies from our laboratory described a role for liver parenchymal endothelial cells (LPECs) in mediating the CSC phenotype in CRC cells in a paracrine/angiocrine fashion. The objectives of this study were to determine whether endothelial cells (ECs) from different organs can induce the CSC phenotype in CRC cells and to elucidate the signaling pathways involved. We treated a newly developed CRC cell line (HCP‐1) and established CRC cell lines (HT29 and SW480) with conditioned medium (CM) from primary ECs isolated from nonmalignant liver, lung, colon mucosa, and kidney. Our results showed that CM from ECs from all organs increased the number of CSCs, as determined by sphere formation, and protein levels of NANOG and OCT4 in CRC cells. With the focus of further elucidating the role of the liver vascular network in mediating the CSC phenotype, we demonstrated that CM from LPECs increased resistance to 5‐fluorouracil in CRC cells. Moreover, we showed that LPEC CM specifically induced NANOGP8 expression in CRC cells by specific enzyme digestion and a luciferase reporter assay using a vector containing the NANOGP8 promoter. Lastly, we found that LPEC CM‐induced NANOGP8 expression and sphere formation were mediated by AKT activation. Our studies demonstrated a paracrine role for ECs in regulating the CSC phenotype and chemoresistance in CRC cells by AKT‐mediated induction of NANOGP8. These studies suggest a more specific approach to target CSCs by blocking the expression of NANOGP8 in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rajat Bhattacharya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiangcang Ye
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Delphine R Boulbes
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ling Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lee M Ellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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25
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Abbaszadegan MR, Bagheri V, Razavi MS, Momtazi AA, Sahebkar A, Gholamin M. Isolation, identification, and characterization of cancer stem cells: A review. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2008-2018. [PMID: 28019667 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells (TICs) as a small subset of neoplastic cells are able to produce a tumor (tumorigenesis), maintain the population of tumorigenic cells (self-renewal), and generate the heterogeneous cells constructing the entire tumor (pluripotency). The research on stationary and circulating CSCs due to resistance to conventional therapies and inability in complete eradication of cancer is critical for developing novel therapeutic strategies for a more effective reduction in the risk of tumor metastasis and cancer recurrence. This review compiles information about different methods of detection and dissociation, side population, cellular markers, and establishment culture of CSCs, as well as characteristics of CSCs such as tumorigenicity, and signaling pathways associated with self-renewal and the capability of the same histological tumor regeneration in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Bagheri
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahya Shariat Razavi
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi
- Student Research Committee, Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Gholamin
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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26
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Wang A, Qu L, Wang L. At the crossroads of cancer stem cells and targeted therapy resistance. Cancer Lett 2017; 385:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Qiu K, Wang LF, Shen J, Yousif AAM, He P, Shao DD, Zhang XM, Kirunda JB, Jia Y. A van der Waals-like Transition Between Normal and Cancerous Phases in Cell Populations Dynamics of Colorectal Cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36620. [PMID: 27857154 PMCID: PMC5114675 DOI: 10.1038/srep36620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on a deterministic continuous model of cell populations dynamics in the colonic crypt and in colorectal cancer, we propose four combinations of feedback mechanisms in the differentiations from stem cells (SCs) to transit cells (TCs) and then to differentiated cells (DCs), the four combinations include the double linear (LL), the linear and saturating (LS), the saturating and linear (SL), and the double saturating (SS) feedbacks, respectively. The relative fluctuations of the population of SCs, TCs, and DCs around equilibrium states with four feedback mechanisms are studied by using the Langevin method. With the increasing of net growth rate of TCs, it is found that the Fano factors of TCs and DCs go to a peak in a transient phase, and then increase again to infinity in the cases of LS and SS feedbacks. The “up-down-up” characteristic on the Fano factor (like the van der Waals loop) demonstrates that there exists a transient phase between the normal and cancerous phases, our novel findings suggest that the mathematical model with LS or SS feedback might be better to elucidate the dynamics of a normal and abnormal (cancerous) phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Qiu
- Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.,Department of Mathematics and Physics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Li-Fang Wang
- Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Alssadig A M Yousif
- Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Peng He
- Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shao
- Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Min Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - John B Kirunda
- Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ya Jia
- Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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28
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Gastric cancer stem cells: evidence, potential markers, and clinical implications. J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:313-26. [PMID: 26428661 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a significant global health problem. It is the fifth most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide (Torre et al. in CA Cancer J Clin 65(2):87-108, 2015). Despite advances in treatment, overall prognosis remains poor, due to tumour relapse and metastasis. There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches to improve clinical outcomes in gastric cancer. The cancer stem cell (CSC) model has been proposed to explain the high rate of relapse and subsequent resistance of cancer to current systemic treatments (Vermeulen et al. in Lancet Oncol 13(2):e83-e89, 2012). CSCs have been identified in many solid malignancies, including gastric cancer, and have significant clinical implications, as targeting the CSC population may be essential in preventing the recurrence and spread of a tumour (Dewi et al. in J Gastroenterol 46(10):1145-1157, 2011). This review seeks to summarise the current evidence for CSC in gastric cancer, with an emphasis on candidate CSC markers, clinical implications, and potential therapeutic approaches.
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29
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Kim MJ, Koo JE, Han GY, Kim B, Lee YS, Ahn C, Kim CW. Dual-Blocking of PI3K and mTOR Improves Chemotherapeutic Effects on SW620 Human Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells by Inducing Differentiation. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:360-70. [PMID: 26955235 PMCID: PMC4779859 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.3.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have tumor initiation, self-renewal, metastasis and chemo-resistance properties in various tumors including colorectal cancer. Targeting of CSCs may be essential to prevent relapse of tumors after chemotherapy. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signals are central regulators of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. These pathways are related to colorectal tumorigenesis. This study focused on PI3K and mTOR pathways by inhibition which initiate differentiation of SW620 derived CSCs and investigated its effect on tumor progression. By using rapamycin, LY294002, and NVP-BEZ235, respectively, PI3K and mTOR signals were blocked independently or dually in colorectal CSCs. Colorectal CSCs gained their differentiation property and lost their stemness properties most significantly in dual-blocked CSCs. After treated with anti-cancer drug (paclitaxel) on the differentiated CSCs cell viability, self-renewal ability and differentiation status were analyzed. As a result dual-blocking group has most enhanced sensitivity for anti-cancer drug. Xenograft tumorigenesis assay by using immunodeficiency mice also shows that dual-inhibited group more effectively increased drug sensitivity and suppressed tumor growth compared to single-inhibited groups. Therefore it could have potent anti-cancer effects that dual-blocking of PI3K and mTOR induces differentiation and improves chemotherapeutic effects on SW620 human colorectal CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Yeon Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Buyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Sun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chiyoung Ahn
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chan-Wha Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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30
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PS341 inhibits hepatocellular and colorectal cancer cells through the FOXO3/CTNNB1 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22090. [PMID: 26915315 PMCID: PMC4768146 DOI: 10.1038/srep22090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are among the most common cancers across the world. Particularly, a large number of patients with CRC also have liver metastasis. Currently, there are just a few targeted drugs against these two kinds of tumors which can only benefit a very small population of patients. Therefore, the need of more effective therapeutic drugs or strategies for these two types of cancers is urgent. PS341 (Bortezomib) is the first proteasome inhibitor drug which has been approved in clinical treatment for multiple myeloma. Here we demonstrated that PS341 negatively regulated HCC and CRC both in vitro and in vivo, including the inhibition of cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the expression of stemness-related genes, cell migration and invasiveness. Mechanically, PS341 upregulated the expression of FOXO3, which inhibited the transcriptional activation of CTNNB1. The downregualtion of CTNNB1 led to apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of migration, invasion, self-renewal and tumor formation of these two cancer types. In sum, our findings shed light on the PS341 mediated targeted therapy against both HCC and CRC in the future.
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31
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Wang R, Ye X, Bhattacharya R, Boulbes DR, Fan F, Xia L, Ellis LM. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain 17 Regulates Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells and Chemosensitivity Via Notch1 Signaling. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:331-8. [PMID: 26744411 PMCID: PMC4807666 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine whether A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17) regulates the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype in colorectal cancer (CRC) and elucidate the downstream signaling mechanism mediating cancer stem-ness. The results showed that ADAM17 has a role in regulating the CSC phenotype and chemoresistance in CRC cells. Drugs that inhibit ADAM17 activity might increase the therapeutic benefit to metastatic CRC and, potentially, other solid malignancies. Evidence is accumulating for the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in mediating chemoresistance in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17; also known as tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme [TACE]) was shown to be overexpressed and to mediate cell proliferation and chemoresistance in CRC cells. However, its role in mediating the CSC phenotype in CRC has not been well-characterized. The objective of the present study was to determine whether ADAM17 regulates the CSC phenotype in CRC and to elucidate the downstream signaling mechanism that mediates cancer stemness. We treated established CRC cell lines and a newly established human CRC cell line HCP-1 with ADAM17-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) or the synthetic peptide inhibitor TAPI-2. The effects of ADAM17 inhibition on the CSC phenotype and chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in CRC cells were examined. siRNA knockdown and TAPI-2 decreased the protein levels of cleaved Notch1 (Notch1 intracellular domain) and HES-1 in CRC cells. A decrease in the CSC phenotype was determined by sphere formation and ALDEFLUOR assays. Moreover, TAPI-2 sensitized CRC cells to 5-FU by decreasing cell viability and the median lethal dose of 5-FU and increasing apoptosis. We also showed the cleavage and release of soluble Jagged-1 and -2 by ADAM17 in CRC cells. Our studies have elucidated a role of ADAM17 in regulating the CSC phenotype and chemoresistance in CRC cells. The use of drugs that inhibit ADAM17 activity might increase the therapeutic benefit to patients with mCRC and, potentially, those with other solid malignancies. Significance The present study has demonstrated the role of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17) in regulating cancer stemness and chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. In addition, a previously unknown cleavage of the Notch ligands Jagged-1 and -2 by ADAM17 in CRC cells is reported. These findings will have an impact on future studies of the regulation of cancer stem cells in CRC and, potentially, other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiangcang Ye
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rajat Bhattacharya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Delphine R Boulbes
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ling Xia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lee M Ellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Chang TC, Yeh CT, Adebayo BO, Lin YC, Deng L, Rao YK, Huang CC, Lee WH, Wu AT, Hsiao M, Wu CH, Wang LS, Tzeng YM. 4-Acetylantroquinonol B inhibits colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and suppresses cancer stem-like phenotype. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 288:258-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Targeting c-kit receptor in neuroblastomas and colorectal cancers using stem cell factor (SCF)-based recombinant bacterial toxins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:263-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Valverde A, Peñarando J, Cañas A, López-Sánchez LM, Conde F, Hernández V, Peralbo E, López-Pedrera C, de la Haba-Rodríguez J, Aranda E, Rodríguez-Ariza A. Simultaneous inhibition of EGFR/VEGFR and cyclooxygenase-2 targets stemness-related pathways in colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131363. [PMID: 26107817 PMCID: PMC4479446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the demonstrated benefits of anti-EGFR/VEGF targeted therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), many patients initially respond, but then show evidence of disease progression. New therapeutic strategies are needed to make the action of available drugs more efficient. Our study aimed to explore whether simultaneous targeting of EGFR/VEGF and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) may aid the treatment and management of mCRC patients. The dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor AEE788 and celecoxib were used to inhibit EGFR/VEGFR and COX-2, respectively, in colorectal cancer cells. COX-2 inhibition with celecoxib augmented the antitumoral and antiangiogenic efficacy of AEE788, as indicated by the inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest, down-regulation of VEGF production by cancer cells and reduction of cell migration. These effects were related with a blockade in the EGFR/VEGFR signaling axis. Notably, the combined AEE788/celecoxib treatment prevented β-catenin nuclear accumulation in tumor cells. This effect was associated with a significant downregulation of FOXM1 protein levels and an impairment in the interaction of this transcription factor with β-catenin, which is required for its nuclear localization. Furthermore, the combined treatment also reduced the expression of the stem cell markers Oct 3/4, Nanog, Sox-2 and Snail in cancer cells, and contributed to the diminution of the CSC subpopulation, as indicated by colonosphere formation assays. In conclusion, the combined treatment of AEE788 and celecoxib not only demonstrated enhanced anti-tumoral efficacy in colorectal cancer cells, but also reduced colon CSCs subpopulation by targeting stemness-related pathways. Therefore, the simultaneous targeting of EGFR/VEGF and COX-2 may aid in blocking mCRC progression and improve the efficacy of existing therapies in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Valverde
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Peñarando
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Cañas
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M. López-Sánchez
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Conde
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Hernández
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Peralbo
- Research Unit, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Chary López-Pedrera
- Research Unit, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan de la Haba-Rodríguez
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Aranda
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Ariza
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Kim MJ, Lee YS, Han GY, Lee HN, Ahn C, Kim CW. Profilin 2 promotes migration, invasion, and stemness of HT29 human colorectal cancer stem cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1438-46. [PMID: 25964982 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1043118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of profilin 2 in the stemness, migration, and invasion of HT29 cancer stem cells (CSCs). Increased and decreased levels of profilin 2 significantly enhanced and suppressed the self-renewal, migration, and invasion ability of HT29 CSCs, respectively. Moreover, profilin 2 directly regulated the expression of stemness markers (CD133, SOX2, and β-catenin) and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (E-cadherin and snail). CD133 and β-catenin were up-regulated by overexpression of profilin 2 and down-regulated by depletion of profilin 2. SOX2 was decreased by profilin 2 depletion. E-cadherin was not influenced by profilin 2- overexpression but increased by profilin 2- knockdown. The expression of snail was suppressed by profilin 2- knockdown. We speculated that stemness and the EMT are closely linked through profilin 2-related pathways. Therefore, this study indicates that profilin 2 affects the metastatic potential and stemness of colorectal CSCs by regulating EMT- and stemness-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Kim
- a College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul 136-701 , Korea
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Aggarwal A, Prinz-Wohlgenannt M, Gröschel C, Tennakoon S, Meshcheryakova A, Chang W, Brown EM, Mechtcheriakova D, Kállay E. The calcium-sensing receptor suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stem cell- like phenotype in the colon. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:61. [PMID: 25879211 PMCID: PMC4405849 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), a calcium-binding G protein-coupled receptor is expressed also in tissues not directly involved in calcium homeostasis like the colon. We have previously reported that CaSR expression is down-regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and that loss of CaSR provides growth advantage to transformed cells. However, detailed mechanisms underlying these processes are largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In a cohort of 111 CRC patients, we found significant inverse correlation between CaSR expression and markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process involved in tumor development in CRC. The colon of CaSR/PTH double-knockout, as well as the intestine-specific CaSR knockout mice showed significantly increased expression of markers involved in the EMT process. In vitro, stable expression of the CaSR (HT29(CaSR)) gave a more epithelial-like morphology to HT29 colon cancer cells with increased levels of E-Cadherin compared with control cells (HT29(EMP)). The HT29(CaSR) cells had reduced invasive potential, which was attributed to the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as measured by a decrease in nuclear translocation of β-catenin and transcriptional regulation of genes like GSK-3β and Cyclin D1. Expression of a spectrum of different mesenchymal markers was significantly down-regulated in HT29(CaSR) cells. The CaSR was able to block upregulation of mesenchymal markers even in an EMT-inducing environment. Moreover, overexpression of the CaSR led to down-regulation of stem cell-like phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study demonstrate that the CaSR inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the acquisition of a stem cell-like phenotype in the colon of mice lacking the CaSR as well as colorectal cancer cells, identifying the CaSR as a key molecule in preventing tumor progression. Our results support the rationale to develop new strategies either preventing CaSR loss or reversing its silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maximilian Prinz-Wohlgenannt
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Charlotte Gröschel
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Samawansha Tennakoon
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anastasia Meshcheryakova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Edward M Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Diana Mechtcheriakova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Enikö Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Wang A, Chen L, Li C, Zhu Y. Heterogeneity in cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 357:63-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Sahlberg SH, Spiegelberg D, Glimelius B, Stenerlöw B, Nestor M. Evaluation of cancer stem cell markers CD133, CD44, CD24: association with AKT isoforms and radiation resistance in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94621. [PMID: 24760019 PMCID: PMC3997403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface proteins CD133, CD24 and CD44 are putative markers for cancer stem cell populations in colon cancer, associated with aggressive cancer types and poor prognosis. It is important to understand how these markers may predict treatment outcomes, determined by factors such as radioresistance. The scope of this study was to assess the connection between EGFR, CD133, CD24, and CD44 (including isoforms) expression levels and radiation sensitivity, and furthermore analyze the influence of AKT isoforms on the expression patterns of these markers, to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms in the cell. Three colon cancer cell-lines were used, HT-29, DLD-1, and HCT116, together with DLD-1 isogenic AKT knock-out cell-lines. All three cell-lines (HT-29, HCT116 and DLD-1) expressed varying amounts of CD133, CD24 and CD44 and the top ten percent of CD133 and CD44 expressing cells (CD133high/CD44high) were more resistant to gamma radiation than the ten percent with lowest expression (CD133low/CD44low). The AKT expression was lower in the fraction of cells with low CD133/CD44. Depletion of AKT1 or AKT2 using knock out cells showed for the first time that CD133 expression was associated with AKT1 but not AKT2, whereas the CD44 expression was influenced by the presence of either AKT1 or AKT2. There were several genes in the cell adhesion pathway which had significantly higher expression in the AKT2 KO cell-line compared to the AKT1 KO cell-line; however important genes in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition pathway (CDH1, VIM, TWIST1, SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1, ZEB2, FN1, FOXC2 and CDH2) did not differ. Our results demonstrate that CD133high/CD44high expressing colon cancer cells are associated with AKT and increased radiation resistance, and that different AKT isoforms have varying effects on the expression of cancer stem cell markers, which is an important consideration when targeting AKT in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Häggblad Sahlberg
- Section of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Diana Spiegelberg
- Section of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Section of Oncology, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Stenerlöw
- Section of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Section of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Section of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Puglisi MA, Tesori V, Lattanzi W, Gasbarrini GB, Gasbarrini A. Colon cancer stem cells: Controversies and perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2997-3006. [PMID: 23716979 PMCID: PMC3662939 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i20.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors have long been viewed as a population in which all cells have the equal propensity to form new tumors, the so called conventional stochastic model. The cutting-edge theory on tumor origin and progression, tends to consider cancer as a stem cell disease. Stem cells are actively involved in the onset and maintenance of colon cancer. This review is intended to examine the state of the art on colon cancer stem cells (CSCs), with regard to the recent achievements of basic research and to the corresponding translational consequences. Specific prominence is given to the hypothesized origin of CSCs and to the methods for their identification. The growing understanding of CSC biology is driving the optimization of novel anti-cancer targeted drugs.
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40
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Bertrand FE, Angus CW, Partis WJ, Sigounas G. Developmental pathways in colon cancer: crosstalk between WNT, BMP, Hedgehog and Notch. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4344-51. [PMID: 23032367 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer is reactivation/alteration of pathways that control cellular differentiation during developmental processes. Evidence indicates that WNT, Notch, BMP and Hedgehog pathways have a role in normal epithelial cell differentiation, and that alterations in these pathways accompany establishment of the tumorigenic state. Interestingly, there is recent evidence that these pathways are intertwined at the molecular level, and these nodes of intersection may provide opportunities for effective targeted therapies. This review will highlight the role of the WNT, Notch, BMP and Hedgehog pathways in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred E Bertrand
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA.
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Epifano F, Genovese S, Miller R, Majumdar APN. Auraptene and its effects on the re-emergence of colon cancer stem cells. Phytother Res 2012; 27:784-6. [PMID: 22761031 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that auraptene (7-geranyloxycoumarin, AUR), a geranyloxycoumarin extracted from fruits of edible plants belonging to the Rutaceae family, may represent a novel lead compound for dietary colon cancer chemoprevention in rodents. As a continuation of studies aimed to better depict the pharmacological effects and mechanism of action of the title natural compound, the current investigation was undertaken to determine whether AUR would be able to prevent the growth and sphere (surrogate tumors) formation of FOLFOX-resistant colon cancer cells that are highly enriched in cancer stem cells (CSCs). Our results demonstrate that AUR at a concentration of 10 μM was able to inhibit the growth and formation of colonospheres of FOLFOX-resistant colon cancer HT-29 cells in vitro. The corresponding parental cells were also similarly affected by AUR at the same concentration level. The reduction in the growth and colonospheres formation in FOLFOX-resistant HT-29 was also associated with a concomitant decrease in phospho-epidermal growth factor receptor. These findings suggest that AUR could prevent the re-emergence of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Epifano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università 'G. D'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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