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Corsini CA, Martins PFDS, Filgueiras PS, Lourenço AJ, Lima AEDS, Gomes SVC, Jeremias WDJ, Alves PA, Fernandes GDR, Castro LLME, de Carvalho AT, Azevedo ACC, Curimbaba CDAL, Lorencini DA, Junior EM, da Silva VM, Cervi MC, Borges MDC, Nogueira ML, Campos GRF, Correa PRL, Carvalho TML, dos Reis JGAC, Reis EVDS, Castilho LDR, de Lima PR, do Nascimento JPR, de Oliveira JG, Filho OAM, Grenfell RFQE. Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) using two-dose primary protocol in children and adolescents (Immunita-002, Brazil): A phase IV six-month follow up. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3931021. [PMID: 38464059 PMCID: PMC10925469 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3931021/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Vaccines are essential for the prevention and control of several diseases, indeed, monitoring the immune response generated by vaccines is crucial. The immune response generated by vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents is not well defined regarding to the intensity and medium to long-term duration of a protective immune response, which may point out the need of booster doses and might support the decisions in public health. Objective The study aims to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in a two-dose primary protocol in children and adolescent aging from 3 to 17 years old in Brazil. Methods Participants were invited to participate in the research at two public healthcare centers located in Serrana (São Paulo) and Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais), Brazil. Participants underwent medical interviews to gather their medical history, including COVID-19 history and medical records. Physical exams were conducted, including weight, blood pressure, temperature, and pulse rate measurements. Blood samples were obtained from the participants before vaccination, 1 month after the first dose, and 1, 3, and 6 months after the second dose and were followed by a virtual platform for monitoring post-vaccination reactions and symptoms of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 genome from Swab samples of COVID-19 positive individuals were sequenced by NGS. Total antibodies were measured by ELISA and neutralizing antibodies to B.1 lineage and Omicron variant (BA.1) quantified by PRNT and VNT. The cellular immune response was evaluated by flow cytometry by the quantification of systemic soluble immune mediators. Results The follow-up of 640 participants showed that the CoronaVac vaccine (Sinovac/Butantan Institute) was able to significantly induce the production of total IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the production of neutralizing antibodies to B.1 lineage and Omicron variant. In addition, a robust cellular immune response was observed with wide release of pro-inflammatory and regulatory mediators in the early post-immunization moments. Adverse events recorded so far have been mild and transient except for seven serious adverse events reported on VigiMed. Conclusions The results indicate a robust and sustained immune response induced by the CoronaVac vaccine in children and adolescents up to six months, providing evidences to support the safety and immunogenicity of this effective immunizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Amormino Corsini
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 30190-002
| | | | - Priscilla Soares Filgueiras
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 30190-002
| | - Adelina Júnia Lourenço
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 30190-002
| | - Ana Esther de Souza Lima
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 30190-002
| | - Sarah Vieira Contin Gomes
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 30190-002
| | - Wander de Jesus Jeremias
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 30190-002
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP). 27, Nove, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, Brazil. 35400-000
| | - Pedro Augusto Alves
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 30190-002
| | - Gabriel da Rocha Fernandes
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 30190-002
| | | | - Andrea Teixeira de Carvalho
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 30190-002
| | - Ana Carolina Campi Azevedo
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 30190-002
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Célia Cervi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP). 455 Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 01246-903
| | - Marcos de Carvalho Borges
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP). 455 Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 01246-903
- Serrana Clinical Research Center. 438, 13 de Maio, Centro, Serrana, São Paulo, Brazil. 14150-000
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). 5416 Brigadeiro Faria Lima Avenue, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. 15090-000
- Hospital de Base, 5544 Brigadeiro Faria Lima Avenue, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil. 15090-000
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA. 77555
| | | | - Paulo Roberto Lopes Correa
- Belo Horizonte Municipal Health Department (SMS), 2336 Afonso Pena Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. 30130-012
| | | | | | - Erik Vinícius de Sousa Reis
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). 6627 Presidente Antônio Carlos Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 31270-901
| | - Leda dos Reis Castilho
- Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). 550 Pedro Calmon Avenue, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 21941-598
| | | | | | | | - Olindo Assis Martins Filho
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 30190-002
| | - Rafaella Fortini Queiroz e Grenfell
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 30190-002
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). 6627 Presidente Antônio Carlos Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 31270-901
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia (UGA). 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia, USA. 30602-7387
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Kumari A, Kesarwani S, Javoor MG, Vinothkumar KR, Sirajuddin M. Structural insights into actin filament recognition by commonly used cellular actin markers. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104006. [PMID: 32567727 PMCID: PMC7360965 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular studies of filamentous actin (F‐actin) processes commonly utilize fluorescent versions of toxins, peptides, and proteins that bind actin. While the choice of these markers has been largely based on availability and ease, there is a severe dearth of structural data for an informed judgment in employing suitable F‐actin markers for a particular requirement. Here, we describe the electron cryomicroscopy structures of phalloidin, lifeAct, and utrophin bound to F‐actin, providing a comprehensive high‐resolution structural comparison of widely used actin markers and their influence towards F‐actin. Our results show that phalloidin binding does not induce specific conformational change and lifeAct specifically recognizes closed D‐loop conformation, i.e., ADP‐Pi or ADP states of F‐actin. The structural models aided designing of minimal utrophin and a shorter lifeAct, which can be utilized as F‐actin marker. Together, our study provides a structural perspective, where the binding sites of utrophin and lifeAct overlap with majority of actin‐binding proteins and thus offering an invaluable resource for researchers in choosing appropriate actin markers and generating new marker variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Diseases, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shubham Kesarwani
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Diseases, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Manjunath G Javoor
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Diseases, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Minhajuddin Sirajuddin
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Diseases, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India
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Wu A, Kolanowski JL, Boumelhem BB, Yang K, Lee R, Kaur A, Fraser ST, New EJ, Rendina LM. A Carborane-Containing Fluorophore as a Stain of Cellular Lipid Droplets. Chem Asian J 2017. [PMID: 28640518 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of fluorescent markers and probes greatly enhances biological investigations but relies on the provision of an array of fluorophores with diverse properties. Herein we report a novel carborane-containing coumarin, 5, which is sufficiently lipophilic to localise in cellular lipid droplets. In non-polar solvents which show comparable polarities to those of a lipid environment, compound 5 exhibits a fluorescence quantum yield two orders of magnitude greater than found in aqueous solvents, adding a further degree of selectivity to lipid droplet imaging. Compound 5 can stain lipid droplets in ex vivo adipocytes as well as in cultured cells, and can be utilised in flow cytometry as well as confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jacek L Kolanowski
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Badwi B Boumelhem
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kylie Yang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lee
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Stuart T Fraser
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J New
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Louis M Rendina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Abbaszadegan MR, Bagheri V, Razavi MS, Momtazi AA, Sahebkar A, Gholamin M. Isolation, identification, and characterization of cancer stem cells: A review. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2008-2018. [PMID: 28019667 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells (TICs) as a small subset of neoplastic cells are able to produce a tumor (tumorigenesis), maintain the population of tumorigenic cells (self-renewal), and generate the heterogeneous cells constructing the entire tumor (pluripotency). The research on stationary and circulating CSCs due to resistance to conventional therapies and inability in complete eradication of cancer is critical for developing novel therapeutic strategies for a more effective reduction in the risk of tumor metastasis and cancer recurrence. This review compiles information about different methods of detection and dissociation, side population, cellular markers, and establishment culture of CSCs, as well as characteristics of CSCs such as tumorigenicity, and signaling pathways associated with self-renewal and the capability of the same histological tumor regeneration in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Bagheri
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahya Shariat Razavi
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi
- Student Research Committee, Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Gholamin
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zulfakar MH, Porter RM, Heard CM. In vivo response of GsdmA3(Dfl)/+ mice to topically applied fish oil - effects on cellular markers and macrophages. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:827-34. [PMID: 27516961 PMCID: PMC4971838 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an incurable autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal red, itchy and scaly skin. This work examined the modulation of inflammation, hyperproliferation and immune cell markers following topical application of fish oil (FO) in comparison to the antipsoriatic agents, betamethasone dipropionate (BD) and salicylic acid (SA), to GsdmA3Dfl/+ mice, a hair loss mutant which also exhibits epidermal hyperproliferation akin to psoriasis. The mice were dosed with 100 mg of the test formulation and after 10 days, the mice were sacrificed, skin sections excised and subjected to immunohistochemical determination of COX‐2, K17 and MAC‐1; and immunofluorescence of Ki‐67. Unchanged expression of the proinflammatory enzyme COX‐2 was observed in all treatments, suggesting the noninvolvement of COX‐2 in the aetiology of cutaneous aberration seen in GsdmA3Dfl/+ mice. Intense staining of K17 and MAC‐1 in the FO‐treated group mirrored the epidermal thickening seen observed in live mice by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The ratio of Ki‐67‐positive nuclei per 100 basal cells indicated that hyperproliferation of keratinocytes occurred in FO‐treated mice and the opposite was true for BD‐treated mice. There was a positive correlation (R2 0.995) between Ki‐67 and the epidermal thickness data observed previously. In all immunochemical procedures, the combined BD, SA and FO formulation did not show any significant difference with the control group, reflecting observations seen previously. In conclusion, the epidermal changes observed following topical FO treatment on GsdmA3Dfl/+ mice involves an increase in cellular proliferation and macrophages, although COX‐2 does not appear to play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hanif Zulfakar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Cardiff University UK; Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Rebecca M Porter
- Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing School of Medicine Cardiff University UK
| | - Charles M Heard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Cardiff University UK
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Watanabe S, Borthakur D, Bressan A. Localization of Banana bunchy top virus and cellular compartments in gut and salivary gland tissues of the aphid vector Pentalonia nigronervosa. Insect Sci 2016; 23:591-602. [PMID: 25728903 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) (Nanoviridae: Babuvirus) is transmitted by aphids of the genus Pentalonia in a circulative manner. The cellular mechanisms by which BBTV translocates from the anterior midgut to the salivary gland epithelial tissues are not understood. Here, we used multiple fluorescent markers to study the distribution and the cellular localization of early and late endosomes, macropinosomes, lysosomes, microtubules, actin filaments, and lipid raft subdomains in the gut and principal salivary glands of Pentalonia nigronervosa. We applied colabeling assays, to colocalize BBTV viral particles with these cellular compartments and structures. Our results suggest that multiple potential cellular processes, including clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis and lipid rafts, may not be involved in BBTV internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizu Watanabe
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore Hall, 96822, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Dulal Borthakur
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Alberto Bressan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore Hall, 96822, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Mladenović D, Hrnčić D, Petronijević N, Jevtić G, Radosavljević T, Rašić-Marković A, Puškaš N, Maksić N, Stanojlović O. Finasteride improves motor, EEG, and cellular changes in rat brain in thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G931-40. [PMID: 25104500 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00463.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurosteroids are involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). This study evaluated the effects of finasteride, inhibitor of neurosteroid synthesis, on motor, EEG, and cellular changes in rat brain in thioacetamide-induced HE. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: 1) control; 2) thioacetamide-treated group, TAA (300 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)); 3) finasteride-treated group, FIN (50 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)); and 4) group treated with FIN and TAA (FIN + TAA). Daily doses of TAA and FIN were administered in three subsequent days intraperitoneally, and in the FIN + TAA group FIN was administered 2 h before every dose of TAA. Motor and reflex activity was determined at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h, whereas EEG activity was registered about 24 h after treatment. The expressions of neuronal (NeuN), astrocytic [glial fibrilary acidic protein (GFAP)], microglial (Iba1), and oligodendrocyte (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) marker were determined 24 h after treatment. While TAA decreased all tests, FIN pretreatment (FIN + TAA) significantly improved equilibrium, placement test, auditory startle, head shake reflex, motor activity, and exploratory behavior vs. the TAA group. Vital reflexes (withdrawal, grasping, righting and corneal reflex) together with mean EEG voltage were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the FIN + TAA vs. the TAA group. Hippocampal NeuN expression was significantly lower in TAA vs. control (P < 0.05). Cortical Iba1 expression was significantly higher in experimental groups vs. control (P < 0.05), whereas hippocampal GFAP expression was increased in TAA and decreased in the FIN + TAA group vs. control (P < 0.05). Finasteride improves motor and EEG changes in TAA-induced HE and completely prevents the development of hepatic coma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Mladenović
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic," University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Hrnčić
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian," University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Petronijević
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical and Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Jevtić
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical and Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Radosavljević
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic," University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Rašić-Marković
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian," University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nela Puškaš
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; and
| | - Nebojša Maksić
- Centre for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Stanojlović
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian," University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia;
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes biomarkers in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Broadly, the markers are classified under protein, cellular, gene expression and genetic markers. We also compare the biomarkers in sJIA to biomarkers in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). RECENT FINDINGS Recent publications showing the similarity of clinical response of sJIA and CAPS to anti-interleukin 1 therapies prompted a comparison at the biomarker level. SUMMARY sJIA traditionally is classified under the umbrella of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. At the clinical phenotypic level, sJIA has several features that are more similar to those seen in CAPS. In this review, we summarize biomarkers in sJIA and CAPS and draw upon the various similarities and differences between the two families of diseases. The main differences between sJIA and CAPS biomarkers are genetic markers, with CAPS being a family of monogenic diseases with mutations in NLRP3. There have been a small number of publications describing cellular biomarkers in sJIA with no such studies described for CAPS. Many of the protein marker's characteristics of sJIA are also seen to characterize CAPS. The gene expression data in both sJIA and CAPS show a strong upregulation of innate immunity pathways. In addition, we describe a strong similarity between sJIA and CAPS at the gene expression level in which several genes that form a part of the erythropoiesis signature are upregulated in both sJIA and CAPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanguneri Nirmala
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexei Grom
- Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hermann Gram
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Vasudev A, Ying CTT, Ayyadhury S, Puan KJ, Andiappan AK, Nyunt MSZ, Shadan NB, Mustafa S, Low I, Rotzschke O, Fulop T, Ng TP, Larbi A. γ/δ T cell subsets in human aging using the classical α/β T cell model. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:647-55. [PMID: 25001861 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5a1213-650rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increased susceptibility to infections and diseases. It has also been associated with reduced functionality and altered distribution of immune cells, especially T cells. Whereas classical α/β T cells, especially CD8(+) T cells, were shown to be highly susceptible to aging, the effects of viral persistent stimulations on the fate of γ/δ T cells are much less documented. Healthy, elderly individuals of Chinese ethnical background were recruited under the aegis of SLAS-II. In this observational study, γ/δ T cell populations were characterized by flow cytometry and compared with the α/β CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in elderly and young controls. In our study, we identified a reduced frequency of γ/δ T cells but not α/β T cells with aging. The classical markers of α/β T cell aging, including CD28, CD27, and CD57, did not prove significant for γ/δ T cells. The extreme range of expression of these markers in γ/δ T cells was responsible for the lack of relationship between γ/δ T cell subsets, CD4/CD8 ratio, and anti-CMV titers that was significant for α/β T cells and, especially, CD8(+) T cells. Although markers of aging for γ/δ T cells are not clearly identified, our data collectively suggest that the presence of CD27 γ/δ T cells is associated with markers of α/β T cell aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Vasudev
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Crystal Tan Tze Ying
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Shamini Ayyadhury
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Kia Joo Puan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Ma Shwe Zin Nyunt
- Gerontological Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - Nurhidaya Binte Shadan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Seri Mustafa
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Ivy Low
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Olaf Rotzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Gerontological Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore;
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