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Hypermethylation of DLG3 Promoter Upregulates RAC1 and Activates the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway to Promote Breast Cancer Progression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8428130. [PMID: 34765009 PMCID: PMC8577895 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8428130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective This investigation aimed to figure out the relation between discs large homolog 3 (DLG3) expression and the progression and prognosis of breast cancer (BC). Methods qRT-PCR was utilized for confirming DLG3 expression and RAC1 mRNA expression in BC tissues and cells. Subsequently, after overexpression or interference of DLG3, the changes of the biological activities of BC cells, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, were detected through CCK-8, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, western blotting was utilized to measure the protein expression of DLG3 and RAC1, as well as related proteins of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Results At both cellular and tissue level in BC, DLG3 was downregulated and methylation level was upregulated; RAC1 showed an opposite change and was of a negative correlation with DLG3. In MCF-7 and HCC1937, we found that the upregulation of DLG3 could inhibit RAC1 expression as well as cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT, while promoting apoptosis. Also, DLG3 inhibited the activation of the P13K/AKT pathway. Conclusion Hypermethylation of DLG3 promoter upregulates RAC1 and activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, thus promoting BC progression. This conclusion provides ideas and experimental basis for improving and treating BC patients.
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Ciomborowska-Basheer J, Staszak K, Kubiak MR, Makałowska I. Not So Dead Genes-Retrocopies as Regulators of Their Disease-Related Progenitors and Hosts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040912. [PMID: 33921034 PMCID: PMC8071448 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroposition is RNA-based gene duplication leading to the creation of single exon nonfunctional copies. Nevertheless, over time, many of these duplicates acquire transcriptional capabilities. In human in most cases, these so-called retrogenes do not code for proteins but function as regulatory long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). The mechanisms by which they can regulate other genes include microRNA sponging, modulation of alternative splicing, epigenetic regulation and competition for stabilizing factors, among others. Here, we summarize recent findings related to lncRNAs originating from retrocopies that are involved in human diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative, mental or cardiovascular disorders. Special attention is given to retrocopies that regulate their progenitors or host genes. Presented evidence from the literature and our bioinformatics analyses demonstrates that these retrocopies, often described as unimportant pseudogenes, are significant players in the cell’s molecular machinery.
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3
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Liu W, Wang C, Wang S, Zeng K, Wei S, Sun N, Sun G, Wang M, Zou R, Liu W, Lin L, Song H, Jin Z, Zhao Y. PRPF6 promotes androgen receptor/androgen receptor-variant 7 actions in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:188-203. [PMID: 33390843 PMCID: PMC7757026 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.50810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) and its variants play vital roles in development and progression of prostate cancer. To clarify the mechanisms involved in the enhancement of their actions would be crucial for understanding the process in prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer transformation. Here, we provided the evidence to show that pre-mRNA processing factor 6 (PRPF6) acts as a key regulator for action of both AR full length (AR-FL) and AR variant 7 (AR-V7), thereby participating in the enhancement of AR-FL and AR-V7-induced transactivation in prostate cancer. In addition, PRPF6 is recruited to cis-regulatory elements in AR target genes and associates with JMJD1A to enhance AR-induced transactivation. PRPF6 also promotes expression of AR-FL and AR-V7. Moreover, PRPF6 depletion reduces tumor growth in prostate cancer-derived cell lines and results in significant suppression of xenograft tumors even under castration condition in mouse model. Furthermore, PRPF6 is obviously highly expressed in human prostate cancer samples. Collectively, our results suggest PRPF6 is involved in enhancement of oncogenic AR signaling, which support a previously unknown role of PRPF6 during progression of prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Shan Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Ge Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Manlin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Renlong Zou
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Wensu Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Huijuan Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Zining Jin
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110122, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110122, China
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Liao Ning Tumor Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
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Li X, Chen Z, Li Z, Huang G, Lin J, Wei Q, Liang J, Li W. The metabolic role of PFKFB4 in androgen-independent growth in vitro and PFKFB4 expression in human prostate cancer tissue. BMC Urol 2020; 20:61. [PMID: 32487245 PMCID: PMC7268689 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-00635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) can inevitably drive prostate cancer (PCa) cells into a castration-resistant state. According to the “Warburg effect”, the metabolism of aggressive tumor cells increases significantly. The growth of cancer cells depends on glycolysis, which may be a potential target for cancer control. 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4) plays key roles in the proliferation and metastasis of PCa cells. However, there is very limited knowledge on the role of PFKFB4 in the conversion to castration resistance. The present study aimed to determine the changes in glucose consumption and PFKFB4 expression in LNCaP cells and androgen-independent LNCaP (LNCaP-AI) cells during the whole process of androgen-independent growth. Additionally, PFKFB4 expression in human PCa tissues was evaluated. Methods We established an androgen-independent LNCaP-AI cell line derived from LNCaP cells to mimic the traits of castration resistance in vitro. LNCaP-AI and LNCaP cells were cultured in the corresponding medium containing the same amount of glucose. At the end of experiments, the medium supernatant and blank medium were collected, and absorbance was measured. LNCaP-AI and LNCaP cells were harvested to detect PFKFB4 expression by Western blotting. Prostate tissue samples including PCa tissue, carcinoma-adjacent tissue and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissue specimens were evaluated for PFKFB4 expression using immunohistochemistry. Results In 18 h supernatant samples, the glucose consumption and lactate secretion of LNCaP-AI cells were higher than those of LNCaP cells. The Western blot results indicated that PFKFB4 expression was increased in LNCaP-AI cells compared with LNCaP cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of PFKFB4 in PCa tissue specimens was higher than that in BPH and adjacent tissue specimens. However, the differences in PCa tissue before and after ADT were not statistically significant. Conclusion PFKFB4 may be associated with enhanced glycolysis during the androgen-independent growth of PCa cells in vitro. PFKFB4 may be a marker of PCa progression. Our results provide a rationale for further clinical investigation of PCa treatment focused on controlling PFKFB4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Li
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.,Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zuan Li
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Guihai Huang
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Junhao Lin
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jianbo Liang
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
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Complex Analysis of Retroposed Genes' Contribution to Human Genome, Proteome and Transcriptome. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050542. [PMID: 32408516 PMCID: PMC7290577 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene duplication is a major driver of organismal evolution. One of the main mechanisms of gene duplications is retroposition, a process in which mRNA is first transcribed into DNA and then reintegrated into the genome. Most gene retrocopies are depleted of the regulatory regions. Nevertheless, examples of functional retrogenes are rapidly increasing. These functions come from the gain of new spatio-temporal expression patterns, imposed by the content of the genomic sequence surrounding inserted cDNA and/or by selectively advantageous mutations, which may lead to the switch from protein coding to regulatory RNA. As recent studies have shown, these genes may lead to new protein domain formation through fusion with other genes, new regulatory RNAs or other regulatory elements. We utilized existing data from high-throughput technologies to create a complex description of retrogenes functionality. Our analysis led to the identification of human retroposed genes that substantially contributed to transcriptome and proteome. These retrocopies demonstrated the potential to encode proteins or short peptides, act as cis- and trans- Natural Antisense Transcripts (NATs), regulate their progenitors’ expression by competing for the same microRNAs, and provide a sequence to lncRNA and novel exons to existing protein-coding genes. Our study also revealed that retrocopies, similarly to retrotransposons, may act as recombination hot spots. To our best knowledge this is the first complex analysis of these functions of retrocopies.
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6
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Liang J, Cai W, Sun Z, Wang Y, Teng H. Androgen deprivation drives variation of androgen receptor trinucleotide repeats. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:972-975. [PMID: 31392319 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jialong Liang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanshi Cai
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongsheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huajing Teng
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Hewit K, Sandilands E, Martinez RS, James D, Leung HY, Bryant DM, Shanks E, Markert EK. A functional genomics screen reveals a strong synergistic effect between docetaxel and the mitotic gene DLGAP5 that is mediated by the androgen receptor. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1069. [PMID: 30341281 PMCID: PMC6195526 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Based on a molecular classification of prostate cancer using gene expression pathway signatures, we derived a set of 48 genes in critical pathways that significantly predicts clinical outcome in all tested patient cohorts. We tested these genes in a functional genomics screen in a panel of three prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, PC3, DU145), using RNA interference. The screen revealed several genes whose knockdown caused strong growth inhibition in all cell lines. Additionally, we tested the gene set in the presence of docetaxel to see whether any gene exhibited additive or synergistic effects with the drug. We observed a strong synergistic effect between DLGAP5 knockdown and docetaxel in the androgen-sensitive line LNCaP, but not in the two other androgen-independent lines. We then tested whether this effect was connected to androgen pathways and found that knockdown of the androgen receptor by si-RNA attenuated the synergy significantly. Similarly, androgen desensitized LNCaP-AI cells had a higher IC50 to docetaxel and did not exhibit the synergistic interaction. Short-term exposure to enzalutamide did not significantly alter the behaviour of parental LNCaP cells. An immunofluorescence analysis in LNCaP cells suggests that under the double insult of DLGAP5 knockdown and docetaxel, cells predominantly arrest in metaphase. In contrast, the knockdown of the androgen receptor by siRNA appears to assist cells to progress through metaphase in to anaphase, even in the presence of docetaxel. Our data suggest that DLGAP5 has a unique function in stabilizing spindle formation and surviving microtubule assault from docetaxel, in an androgen-regulated cell cycle system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Hewit
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, NSS, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma Sandilands
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Daniel James
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hing Y Leung
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - David M Bryant
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma Shanks
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elke K Markert
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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8
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Li Q, Deng Q, Chao HP, Liu X, Lu Y, Lin K, Liu B, Tang GW, Zhang D, Tracz A, Jeter C, Rycaj K, Calhoun-Davis T, Huang J, Rubin MA, Beltran H, Shen J, Chatta G, Puzanov I, Mohler JL, Wang J, Zhao R, Kirk J, Chen X, Tang DG. Linking prostate cancer cell AR heterogeneity to distinct castration and enzalutamide responses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3600. [PMID: 30190514 PMCID: PMC6127155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer (PCa) is heterogeneous but the functional significance of AR heterogeneity remains unclear. Screening ~200 castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) cores and whole-mount sections (from 89 patients) reveals 3 AR expression patterns: nuclear (nuc-AR), mixed nuclear/cytoplasmic (nuc/cyto-AR), and low/no expression (AR-/lo). Xenograft modeling demonstrates that AR+ CRPC is enzalutamide-sensitive but AR-/lo CRPC is resistant. Genome editing-derived AR+ and AR-knockout LNCaP cell clones exhibit distinct biological and tumorigenic properties and contrasting responses to enzalutamide. RNA-Seq and biochemical analyses, coupled with experimental combinatorial therapy, identify BCL-2 as a critical therapeutic target and provide proof-of-concept therapeutic regimens for both AR+/hi and AR-/lo CRPC. Our study links AR expression heterogeneity to distinct castration/enzalutamide responses and has important implications in understanding the cellular basis of prostate tumor responses to AR-targeting therapies and in facilitating development of novel therapeutics to target AR-/lo PCa cells/clones.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzamides
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Nitriles
- Phenylthiohydantoin/analogs & derivatives
- Phenylthiohydantoin/pharmacology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology,, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Qu Deng
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
- Program in Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hsueh-Ping Chao
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
- Program in Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Kevin Lin
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Bigang Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Gregory W Tang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Dingxiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Amanda Tracz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Collene Jeter
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Kiera Rycaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Tammy Calhoun-Davis
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University of School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Gurkamal Chatta
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Igor Puzanov
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - James L Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Ruizhe Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jason Kirk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA.
- Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Wang Y, Qin T, Hu W, Chen B, Dai M, Xu G. Genome-Wide Methylation Patterns in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells: A Comprehensive Analysis Combining MeDIP-Bisulfite, RNA, and microRNA Sequencing Data. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010032. [PMID: 29324665 PMCID: PMC5793184 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of the androgen-independent phenotype in prostate cancer. Methylation patterns were detected in androgen-independent and androgen-dependent lymph node carcinoma of the prostate (LNCaP) prostate carcinoma cells based on methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-bisulfite sequencing data and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs) with DMRs (named MDEGs and MDEmiRNAs) were identified by combining transcriptome and methylation data, and transcription factor (TF)-DEGs with DMRs in promoter (PMDEGs) and MDEmiRNA-MDEGs networks were constructed. Furthermore, a time-course analysis of gene transcription during androgen deprivation was performed based on microarray data and DMRs, MDEGs, and DEmiRNAs were validated. In total, 18,447 DMRs, 3369 MDEGs, 850 PMDEGs, and 1 MDEmiRNA (miR-429) were identified. A TF-target network (94 PMDEGs and 5 TFs) and a miRNA–target network (172 MDEGs and miR-429) were constructed. Based on the time-course analysis of genes in the networks, NEDD4L and PBX3 were targeted by SOX5, while GNAQ, ANLN, and KIF11 were targeted by miR-429. The expression levels of these genes and miR-429 were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, 109 DMRs were confirmed using additional public datasets. The regulatory pathways SOX5-NEDD4L/PBX3, miR429-GNAQ/ANLN—RHOA, and miR429-ANLN—KIF11 may participate in the progression of the androgen-independent phenotype in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, ShangCai Village, Ouhai District of Wenzhou, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, ShangCai Village, Ouhai District of Wenzhou, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Wangqiang Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, ShangCai Village, Ouhai District of Wenzhou, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Binghua Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, ShangCai Village, Ouhai District of Wenzhou, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Meijie Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, ShangCai Village, Ouhai District of Wenzhou, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, ShangCai Village, Ouhai District of Wenzhou, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Nalla AK, Williams TF, Collins CP, Rae DT, Trobridge GD. Lentiviral vector-mediated insertional mutagenesis screen identifies genes that influence androgen independent prostate cancer progression and predict clinical outcome. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:1761-1771. [PMID: 26512949 PMCID: PMC5393267 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in US men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves clinical outcome, but tumors often recur and progress to androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC) which no longer responds to ADT. The progression to AIPC is due to genetic alterations that allow PC cancer cells to grow in the absence of androgen. Here we performed an insertional mutagenesis screen using a replication-incompetent lentiviral vector (LV) to identify the genes that promote AIPC in an orthotopic mouse model. Androgen sensitive PC cells, LNCaP, were mutagenized with LV and injected into the prostate of male mice. After tumor development, mice were castrated to select for cells that proliferate in the absence of androgen. Proviral integration sites and nearby dysregulated genes were identified in tumors developed in an androgen deficient environment. Using publically available datasets, the expression of these candidate androgen independence genes in human PC tissues were analyzed. A total of 11 promising candidate AIPC genes were identified: GLYATL1, FLNA, OBSCN, STRA13, WHSC1, ARFGAP3, KDM2A, FAM83H, CLDN7, CNOT6, and B3GNT9. Seven out the 11 candidate genes; GLYATL1, OBSCN, STRA13, KDM2A, FAM83H, CNOT6, and B3GNT6, have not been previously implicated in PC. An in vitro clonogenic assay showed that knockdown of KDM2A, FAM83H, and GLYATL1 genes significantly inhibited the colony forming ability of LNCaP cells. Additionally, we showed that a combination of four genes, OBSCN, FAM83H, CLDN7, and ARFGAP3 could significantly predicted the recurrence risk in PC patients after prostatectomy (P = 5.3 × 10-5 ). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Nalla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Theodore F Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Casey P Collins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Dustin T Rae
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Grant D Trobridge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington.
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
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11
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Grinchuk OV, Motakis E, Yenamandra SP, Ow GS, Jenjaroenpun P, Tang Z, Yarmishyn AA, Ivshina AV, Kuznetsov VA. Sense-antisense gene-pairs in breast cancer and associated pathological pathways. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42197-221. [PMID: 26517092 PMCID: PMC4747219 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 30% of human protein-coding genes form hereditary complex genome architectures composed of sense-antisense (SA) gene pairs (SAGPs) transcribing their RNAs from both strands of a given locus. Such architectures represent important novel components of genome complexity contributing to gene expression deregulation in cancer cells. Therefore, the architectures might be involved in cancer pathways and, in turn, be used for novel drug targets discovery. However, the global roles of SAGPs in cancer pathways has not been studied. Here we investigated SAGPs associated with breast cancer (BC)-related pathways using systems biology, prognostic survival and experimental methods. Gene expression analysis identified 73 BC-relevant SAGPs that are highly correlated in BC. Survival modelling and metadata analysis of the 1161 BC patients allowed us to develop a novel patient prognostic grouping method selecting the 12 survival-significant SAGPs. The qRT-PCR-validated 12-SAGP prognostic signature reproducibly stratified BC patients into low- and high-risk prognostic subgroups. The 1381 SAGP-defined differentially expressed genes common across three studied cohorts were identified. The functional enrichment analysis of these genes revealed the GABPA gene network, including BC-relevant SAGPs, specific gene sets involved in cell cycle, spliceosomal and proteasomal pathways. The co-regulatory function of GABPA in BC cells was supported using siRNA knockdown studies. Thus, we demonstrated SAGPs as the synergistically functional genome architectures interconnected with cancer-related pathways and associated with BC patient clinical outcomes. Taken together, SAGPs represent an important component of genome complexity which can be used to identify novel aspects of coordinated pathological gene networks in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Grinchuk
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Efthymios Motakis
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Current address: RIKEN, Japan
| | - Surya Pavan Yenamandra
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ghim Siong Ow
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Zhiqun Tang
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Aliaksandr A Yarmishyn
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Anna V Ivshina
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Vladimir A Kuznetsov
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,School of Computing Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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12
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Stem cell and neurogenic gene-expression profiles link prostate basal cells to aggressive prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10798. [PMID: 26924072 PMCID: PMC4773505 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostate gland mainly contains basal and luminal cells constructed as a pseudostratified epithelium. Annotation of prostate epithelial transcriptomes provides a foundation for discoveries that can impact disease understanding and treatment. Here we describe a genome-wide transcriptome analysis of human benign prostatic basal and luminal epithelial populations using deep RNA sequencing. Through molecular and biological characterizations, we show that the differential gene-expression profiles account for their distinct functional properties. Strikingly, basal cells preferentially express gene categories associated with stem cells, neurogenesis and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) biogenesis. Consistent with this profile, basal cells functionally exhibit intrinsic stem-like and neurogenic properties with enhanced rRNA transcription activity. Of clinical relevance, the basal cell gene-expression profile is enriched in advanced, anaplastic, castration-resistant and metastatic prostate cancers. Therefore, we link the cell-type-specific gene signatures to aggressive subtypes of prostate cancer and identify gene signatures associated with adverse clinical features. Gene-expression profiles can be used to predict the prognosis of cancer patients. Here, the authors describe gene expression profiles of human prostate epithelial lineages and show that basal cells have intrinsic stem and neurogenic properties, and molecularly resemble aggressive prostate cancer.
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13
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Liu Y, Jing R, Xu J, Liu K, Xue J, Wen Z, Li M. Comparative analysis of oncogenes identified by microarray and RNA-sequencing as biomarkers for clinical prognosis. Biomark Med 2015; 9:1067-78. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Although RNA-sequencing has been widely used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as biomarkers to guide the therapeutic treatment, it is necessary to investigate the concordance of DEGs identified by microarray and RNA-sequencing for the clinical prognosis. Material & methods: By using The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets, we thoroughly investigated the concordance of DEGs identified from microarray and RNA-sequencing data and their molecular functions. Results: The DEGs identified by both technologies averaged ˜98.6% overlap. The cancer-related gene sets were significantly enriched with the DEGs and consistent between two technologies. Conclusions: The highly consistency of DEGs in their regulation directionality and molecular functions indicated the good reproducibility between microarray and RNA-sequencing in identifying potential oncogenes for clinical prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Runyu Jing
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Junmei Xu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Keqin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Jiwei Xue
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Zhining Wen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Menglong Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
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14
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Single-cell sequencing technologies: current and future. J Genet Genomics 2014; 41:513-28. [PMID: 25438696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intensively developed in the last few years, single-cell sequencing technologies now present numerous advantages over traditional sequencing methods for solving the problems of biological heterogeneity and low quantities of available biological materials. The application of single-cell sequencing technologies has profoundly changed our understanding of a series of biological phenomena, including gene transcription, embryo development, and carcinogenesis. However, before single-cell sequencing technologies can be used extensively, researchers face the serious challenge of overcoming inherent issues of high amplification bias, low accuracy and reproducibility. Here, we simply summarize the techniques used for single-cell isolation, and review the current technologies used in single-cell genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic sequencing. We discuss the merits, defects, and scope of application of single-cell sequencing technologies and then speculate on the direction of future developments.
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