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Sharma P, Sri Swetha Victoria V, Praneeth Kumar P, Karmakar S, Swetha M, Reddy A. Cross-talk between insulin resistance and nitrogen species in hypoxia leads to deterioration of tissue and homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110472. [PMID: 37392570 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been linked with insulin resistance as it produces changes in the metabolism of the cell; in which the adipocytes impede the insulin receptor tyrosine, phosphorylation, directing at decreased levels of transport of glucose. At this juncture, we are focusing on cross-talk between insulin resistance and nitrogen species in hypoxia, leading to the deterioration of tissue and homeostasis. Physiological levels of nitric oxide play a very crucial role in acting as a priority effector and signaling molecule, arbitrating the body's responses to hypoxia. Both ROS and RNS are associated with a reduction in IRS1 phosphorylation in tyrosine, which leads to reduced levels of IRS1 content and insulin response, which further leads to insulin resistance. Cellular hypoxia is a trigger to inflammatory mediators which signal tissue impairment and initiate survival requirements. But, hypoxia-mediated inflammation act as a protective role by an immune response and promotes wound healing during infection. In this review, we abridge the crosstalk between the inflammation and highlight the dysregulation in physiological consequences due to diabetes mellitus. Finally, we review various treatments available for its related physiological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshy Sharma
- Animal Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nādu, India
| | - V Sri Swetha Victoria
- Animal Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nādu, India
| | - P Praneeth Kumar
- Animal Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nādu, India
| | - Sarbani Karmakar
- Animal Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nādu, India
| | - Mudduluru Swetha
- Animal Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nādu, India
| | - Amala Reddy
- Animal Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nādu, India.
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Sokolov D, Gorshkova A, Markova K, Milyutina Y, Pyatygina K, Zementova M, Korenevsky A, Mikhailova V, Selkov S. Natural Killer Cell Derived Microvesicles Affect the Function of Trophoblast Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:213. [PMID: 36837716 PMCID: PMC9963951 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of natural killer (NK) and trophoblast cells underlies the formation of immune tolerance in the mother-fetus system and the maintenance of the physiological course of pregnancy. In addition, NK cells affect the function of trophoblast cells, interacting with them via the receptor apparatus and through the production of cytokines. Microvesicles (MVs) derived from NK cells are able to change the function of target cells. However, in the overall pattern of interactions between NK cells and trophoblasts, the possibility that both can transmit signals to each other via MVs has not been taken into account. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of NK cell-derived MVs on the phenotype, proliferation, and migration of trophoblast cells and their expression of intracellular messengers. We carried out assays for the detection of content transferred from MV to trophoblasts. We found that NK cell-derived MVs did not affect the expression of CD54, CD105, CD126, CD130, CD181, CD119, and CD120a receptors in trophoblast cells or lead to the appearance of CD45 and CD56 receptors in the trophoblast membrane. Further, the MVs reduced the proliferation but increased the migration of trophoblasts with no changes to their viability. Incubation of trophoblast cells in the presence of MVs resulted in the activation of STAT3 via pSTAT3(Ser727) but not via pSTAT3(Tyr705). The treatment of trophoblasts with MVs did not result in the phosphorylation of STAT1 and ERK1/2. The obtained data indicate that NK cell-derived MVs influence the function of trophoblast cells, which is accompanied by the activation of STAT3 signaling.
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Schwestermann J, Besse A, Driessen C, Besse L. Contribution of the Tumor Microenvironment to Metabolic Changes Triggering Resistance of Multiple Myeloma to Proteasome Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:899272. [PMID: 35692781 PMCID: PMC9178120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.899272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtually all patients with multiple myeloma become unresponsive to treatment with proteasome inhibitors over time. Relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma is accompanied by the clonal evolution of myeloma cells with heterogeneous genomic aberrations, diverse proteomic and metabolic alterations, and profound changes of the bone marrow microenvironment. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive resistance to proteasome inhibitors within the context of the bone marrow microenvironment remain elusive. In this review article, we summarize the latest knowledge about the complex interaction of malignant plasma cells with its surrounding microenvironment. We discuss the pivotal role of metabolic reprograming of malignant plasma cells within the tumor microenvironment with a subsequent focus on metabolic rewiring in plasma cells upon treatment with proteasome inhibitors, driving multiple ways of adaptation to the treatment. At the same time, mutual interaction of plasma cells with the surrounding tumor microenvironment drives multiple metabolic alterations in the bone marrow. This provides a tumor-promoting environment, but at the same time may offer novel therapeutic options for the treatment of relapsed/refractory myeloma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lenka Besse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Clinics for Medical Hematology and Oncology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Ge L, Zhou F, Nie J, Wang X, Zhao Q. Hypoxic colorectal cancer-secreted exosomes deliver miR-210-3p to normoxic tumor cells to elicit a protumoral effect. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1895-1906. [PMID: 33969722 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211011576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, the most common feature in the tumor microenvironment, is closely related to tumor malignant progression and poor patient's prognosis. Exosomes, initially recognized as cellular "garbage dumpsters", are now known to be important mediums for mediating cellular communication in tumor microenvironment. However, the mechanisms of hypoxic tumor cell-derived exosomes facilitate colorectal cancer progression still need further exploration. In the present study, we found that exosomes from hypoxic colorectal cancer cells (H-Exos) promoted G1-S cycle transition and proliferation while preventing the apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells by transmitting miR-210-3p to normoxic tumor cells. Mechanistic investigation indicated that miR-210-3p from H-Exos elicited its protumoral effect via suppressing CELF2 expression. A preclinical study further confirmed that H-Exos could promote tumorigenesis in vivo. Clinically, the expression of miR-210-3p in circulating plasma exosomes was markedly upregulated in colorectal cancer patients, which were closely associated with multiple unfavorable clinicopathological features. Taken together, these results suggest that hypoxia may stimulate colorectal cancer cells to secrete miR-210-3p-enriched exosomes in tumor microenvironment, which elicit protumoral effects by inhibiting CELF2 expression. These findings provide new insights on the mechanism of colorectal cancer progression and potential therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jiayan Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
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Shehzad A, Islam SU, Shahzad R, Khan S, Lee YS. Extracellular vesicles in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107806. [PMID: 33465400 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer promotion, development, and malignant transformation is greatly influenced by cell-to-cell interactions in a complex tissue microenvironment. Cancer and stromal cells secrete soluble factors, as well as deport membrane-encapsulated structures, which actively contribute and mediate cell-to-cell interaction within a tumor microenvironment (TME). These membrane structures are recognized as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes and microvesicles. They can carry and transport regulatory molecules such as oncogenic proteins, coding and non-coding RNAs, DNA, and lipids between neighboring cells and to distant sites. EVs mediate crucial pathophysiological effects such as the formation of premetastatic niches and the progression of malignancies. There is compelling evidence that cancer cells exhibit a significant amount of EVs, which can be released into the surrounding body fluids, compared with nonmalignant cells. EVs therefore have the potential to be used as disease indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers, as well as for facilitating research into the underlying mechanism and biomolecular basis of these diseases. Because of their ability to transport substances, followed by their distinct immunogenicity and biocompatibility, EVs have been used to carry therapeutically-active molecules such as RNAs, proteins, short and long peptides, and various forms of drugs. In this paper, we summarize new advancement in the biogenesis and physiological roles of EVs, and underpin their functional impacts in the process of cancer growth and metastasis. We further highlight the therapeutic roles of EVs in the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Ul Islam
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Young Sup Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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Wu S, Kuang H, Ke J, Pi M, Yang DH. Metabolic Reprogramming Induces Immune Cell Dysfunction in the Tumor Microenvironment of Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:591342. [PMID: 33520703 PMCID: PMC7845572 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.591342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells rewire metabolism to meet their increased nutritional demands, allowing the maintenance of tumor survival, proliferation, and expansion. Enhancement of glycolysis and glutaminolysis is identified in most, if not all cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), which interacts with a hypoxic, acidic, and nutritionally deficient tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we discuss the metabolic changes including generation, depletion or accumulation of metabolites and signaling pathways, as well as their relationship with the TME in MM cells. Moreover, we describe the crosstalk among metabolism, TME, and changing function of immune cells during cancer progression. The overlapping metabolic phenotype between MM and immune cells is discussed. In this sense, targeting metabolism of MM cells is a promising therapeutic approach. We propose that it is important to define the metabolic signatures that may regulate the function of immune cells in TME in order to improve the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Kuang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Ke
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Medical Center of Assessment of Bone & Joint Diseases, Orthopaedic Hospital, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manfei Pi
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States
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Ma Y, Zhou Y, Xiao Q, Zou SS, Zhu YC, Ping P, Chen XF. Seminal exosomal miR-210-3p as a potential marker of Sertoli cell damage in Varicocele. Andrology 2021; 9:451-459. [PMID: 33000559 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicocoele-associated stressors, such as hypoxia and heat, can damage cell function and viability, and some exosomal biomarkers released from impaired cells may reflect the cell status in testis. OBJECTIVES To find if seminal exosomal microRNAs can reflect the Sertoli cell function in varicocoele. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental left varicocoele rat model was established (n = 24), and patients with different grades of varicocoele (n = 104) were enrolled. Primary rat Sertoli cells were isolated with enzymatic hydrolysis. Exosomes were isolated from primary rat Sertoli cells, rat epididymis tissue, and human seminal plasma with polymer-based precipitation method. Exosomal microRNAs were quantified with qPCR. Inhibin-B was detected with enzyme immunoassay. The correlation analysis between microRNA and inhibin-B was evaluated with Spearman's correlation. RESULTS We screened 12 previously reported hypoxia-responsive microRNAs in the primary rat Sertoli cells and found that 4 exosomal microRNAs increased significantly in response to in vitro hypoxia treatment (P < .05). Of the 4 microRNAs, only miR-210-3p was upregulated in the rats with experimental varicocoele (P < .01). In the patients with varicocoele, we found that seminal exosomal miR-210-3p significantly increased in patients with grade II and III varicocoele (P < .01), and miR-210-3p negatively correlated with sperm count (P < .01) and seminal inhibin-B expression (r = -0.39, P < .01). For the 30 patients with microsurgical varicocelectomy, the operation notably decreased miR-210-3p (P < .01). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Seminal exosomal miR-210-3p may be a novel, sensitive, and non-invasive biomarker of Sertoli cell damage in varicocoele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Central Lab, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yin-Ci Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ping
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai, China
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Koehler J, Sandey M, Prasad N, Levy SA, Wang X, Wang X. Differential Expression of miRNAs in Hypoxia ("HypoxamiRs") in Three Canine High-Grade Glioma Cell Lines. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:104. [PMID: 32258065 PMCID: PMC7093022 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs with spontaneous high-grade gliomas increasingly are being proposed as useful large animal pre-clinical models for the human disease. Hypoxia is a critical microenvironmental condition that is common in both canine and human high-grade gliomas and drives increased angiogenesis, chemo- and radioresistance, and acquisition of a stem-like phenotype. Some of this effect is mediated by the hypoxia-induced expression of microRNAs, small (~22 nucleotides long), non-coding RNAs that can modulate gene expression through interference with mRNA translation. Using an in vitro model with three canine high-grade glioma cell lines (J3T, SDT3G, and G06A) exposed to 72 h of 1.5% oxygen vs. standard 20% oxygen, we examined the global “hypoxamiR” profile using small RNA-Seq and performed pathway analysis for targeted genes using both Panther and NetworkAnalyst. Important pathways include many that are well-established as being important in glioma biology, general cancer biology, hypoxia, angiogenesis, immunology, and stem-ness, among others. This work provides the first examination of the effect of hypoxia on miRNA expression in the context of canine glioma, and highlights important similarities with the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Koehler
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Shawn A Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States.,Alabama Agricultural Experimental Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Soriani A, Vulpis E, Cuollo L, Santoni A, Zingoni A. Cancer extracellular vesicles as novel regulators of NK cell response. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 51:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Riera-Domingo C, Audigé A, Granja S, Cheng WC, Ho PC, Baltazar F, Stockmann C, Mazzone M. Immunity, Hypoxia, and Metabolism-the Ménage à Trois of Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:1-102. [PMID: 31414610 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that metabolism is able to shape the immune response. Only recently we are gaining awareness that the metabolic crosstalk between different tumor compartments strongly contributes to the harsh tumor microenvironment (TME) and ultimately impairs immune cell fitness and effector functions. The major aims of this review are to provide an overview on the immune system in cancer; to position oxygen shortage and metabolic competition as the ground of a restrictive TME and as important players in the anti-tumor immune response; to define how immunotherapies affect hypoxia/oxygen delivery and the metabolic landscape of the tumor; and vice versa, how oxygen and metabolites within the TME impinge on the success of immunotherapies. By analyzing preclinical and clinical endeavors, we will discuss how a metabolic characterization of the TME can identify novel targets and signatures that could be exploited in combination with standard immunotherapies and can help to predict the benefit of new and traditional immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Riera-Domingo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Annette Audigé
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sara Granja
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Wan-Chen Cheng
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Christian Stockmann
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Zhang X, Ashcraft KA, Betof Warner A, Nair SK, Dewhirst MW. Can Exercise-Induced Modulation of the Tumor Physiologic Microenvironment Improve Antitumor Immunity? Cancer Res 2019; 79:2447-2456. [PMID: 31068341 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in controlling cancer growth. However, cancers evolve to evade immune detection. Immune tolerance and active immune suppression results in unchecked cancer growth and progression. A major contributor to immune tolerance is the tumor physiologic microenvironment, which includes hypoxia, hypoglucosis, lactosis, and reduced pH. Preclinical and human studies suggest that exercise elicits mobilization of leukocytes into circulation (also known as "exercise-induced leukocytosis"), especially cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. However, the tumor physiologic microenvironment presents a significant barrier for these cells to enter the tumor and, once there, properly function. We hypothesize that the effect of exercise on the immune system's ability to control cancer growth is linked to how exercise affects the tumor physiologic microenvironment. Normalization of the microenvironment by exercise may promote more efficient innate and adaptive immunity within the tumor. This review summarizes the current literature supporting this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Smita K Nair
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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12
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Effects of Microvesicles on Cell Apoptosis under Hypoxia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5972152. [PMID: 31178970 PMCID: PMC6501227 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5972152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, as one of the severe cellular stresses, can cause cellular injury and even cell death. Apoptosis is the main mechanism of regulating cell death and is closely related to the cell death caused by hypoxia. However, hypoxia-induced apoptosis is not entirely the result of direct hypoxic stimulus of cells. In recent years, it has been found that cells injured by hypoxia can shed a kind of membranous vesicles, which are called microvesicles (MVs). MVs can carry bioactive molecules from injured mother cells and appear in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and other body fluids. MVs can induce normal cell apoptosis by transferring bioactive molecules into adjacent cells and amplifying the hypoxic injury in an organism. This review summarizes the characteristic changes of MVs derived from hypoxic cells and the mechanism of normal cell apoptosis mediated by hypoxic cell-derived MVs. Finally, we introduce the significance of this apoptosis-apoptosis cascade reaction in hypoxic diseases.
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13
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Xie C, Ji N, Tang Z, Li J, Chen Q. The role of extracellular vesicles from different origin in the microenvironment of head and neck cancers. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:83. [PMID: 30954079 PMCID: PMC6451295 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and metastasis ability of tumors are mediate by the "mutual dialogue" between cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly exosomes and microvesicles, play an important role in achieving intercellular substance transport and information transfer in the TME. Initially considered "garbage dumpsters" and later referred to as "signal boxes", EVs carry "cargo" (proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids) that can redirect the function of a recipient cell. Currently, the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of EVs in head and neck cancers (HNCs) are still at an early stage and need to be further investigate. In this review, we provide insight into the TME of HNCs, classifying and summarizing EVs derived from different cell types and illuminating their complex signaling networks involved in mediating tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis, vascular angiogenesis and cancer drug resistance. In addition, we highlight the application of EVs in HNCs, underlining the special pathological and physiological environment of HNCs. The application of tumor heterogeneous EVs in saliva and circulating blood diagnostics will provide a new perspective for the early screening, real-time monitoring and prognostic risk assessment of HNCs. Given the concept of precise and individual therapy, nanostructured EVs are equipped with superior characteristics of biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, loadability and modification ability, making these molecules one of the new strategies for HNCs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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14
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Extracellular vesicles secreted by hypoxia pre-challenged mesenchymal stem cells promote non-small cell lung cancer cell growth and mobility as well as macrophage M2 polarization via miR-21-5p delivery. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:62. [PMID: 30736829 PMCID: PMC6367822 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the lung cancer-promoting mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (MSC-EV). Methods EV were isolated from culture media of human bone marrow-derived MSCs that were pre-challenged with or without hypoxia (referred to as H-EV and N-EV, respectively). After treatment with N-EV or H-EV, A549 and H23 cell proliferation, apoptosis, trans-well invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were examined. Polarization of human primary monocytes-derived macrophages with or without N-EV or H-EV induction were analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA. PTEN, PDCD4 or RECK gene was overexpressed in A549 cells, while miR-21-5p was knocked down in MSCs, A549 or H23 lung cancer cells or primary monocytes by miR-21-5p inhibitor transfection. Protein level of PTEN, PDCD4, RECK, AKT or STAT3 as well as phosphorylation level of AKT or STAT3 protein were assayed by western blot. Tumorigenicity of A549 and H23 cells with or without MSC-EV co-injection was assayed on immunocompromised mice. The xenograft tumor were examined for cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis and intra-tumoral M1/M2 macrophage polarization. Results Comparing to N-EV, H-EV treatment significantly increased A549 and H23 cell proliferation, survival, invasiveness and EMT as well as macrophage M2 polarization. MiR-21-5p knocked down significantly abrogated the cancer-promoting and macrophage M2 polarizing effects of H-EV treatment. H-EV treatment downregulated PTEN, PDCD4 and RECK gene expression largely through miR-21-5p. Overexpressing PTEN, PDCD4 and RECK in A549 cells significantly reduced the miR-21-5p-mediated anti-apoptotic and pro-metastatic effect of H-EV, while overexpressing PTEN in monocytes significantly reduced macrophage M2 polarization after induction with the presence of H-EV. H-EV co-injection significantly increased tumor growth, cancer cell proliferation, intra-tumoral angiogenesis and M2 polarization of macrophages in vivo partially through miR-21-5p. Conclusions Increased miR-21-5p delivery by MSC-EV after hypoxia pre-challenge can promote lung cancer development by reducing apoptosis and promoting macrophage M2 polarization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1027-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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15
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Dewhirst MW, Mowery YM, Mitchell JB, Cherukuri MK, Secomb TW. Rationale for hypoxia assessment and amelioration for precision therapy and immunotherapy studies. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:489-491. [PMID: 30614815 DOI: 10.1172/jci126044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Dewhirst
- Radiation Oncology Department, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yvonne M Mowery
- Radiation Oncology Department, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Murali K Cherukuri
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy W Secomb
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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16
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Gupta A, Sugadev R, Sharma YK, Ahmad Y, Khurana P. Role of miRNAs in hypoxia-related disorders. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Saba F, Soleimani M, Abroun S. New role of hypoxia in pathophysiology of multiple myeloma through miR-210. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:647-662. [PMID: 30108468 PMCID: PMC6088223 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common sites of complication in multiple myeloma (MM) progression and bone remodeling gets definitively perturbed during disease progression. Hypoxia and miR-210 play an important role in hematological malignancies. In an attempt to elucidate the specificity of the pathways of hypoxia and miR-210 in suppression of osteoblastic differentiation in MM patients, we examined the effect of miR-210 and hypoxia on expression of important cytokines and genes of myeloma cells. Differentiation of BM-MSCs towards osteoblastic cells in response to microvesicles (MVs) was also investigated. Finally, we proposed a molecular model on how HIF-1α may promote bone lesions in MM patients. To validate the effect of miR-210 and HIF-1α on targeted genes, the shRNA of HIF-1α and off-hsa-miR-210 were transfected into RPMI-8226 cells. BM-MSCs were cultured in osteoblastic inducer and 50 µg/mL of MVs derived from both hypoxic and normoxic myeloma cells. We designed an in vitro study to establish the effects of HIF-1α and miR-210 on the crosstalk between MM and osteoblasts. We here showed that hypoxia-induced miR-210 increased the mRNA expression of VLA-4, CXCR4, IL-6 and TGF-β in myeloma cells. MiR-210 is mandatory for the hypoxia-increased resistance of MM cells to melphalan. Moreover, MVs derived from hypoxic myeloma cells substantially decreased osteoblast differentiation. Considered comprehensively, our findings explain one of the reasons of bone loss that occurs at the sites of MM and a nascent crosstalk model in MM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhredin Saba
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Abroun
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran
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18
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Krzywinska E, Stockmann C. Hypoxia, Metabolism and Immune Cell Function. Biomedicines 2018; 6:E56. [PMID: 29762526 PMCID: PMC6027519 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of inflamed, infected or damaged tissue, and the adaptation to inadequate tissue oxygenation is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIFs are key mediators of the cellular response to hypoxia, but they are also associated with pathological stress such as inflammation, bacteriological infection or cancer. In addition, HIFs are central regulators of many innate and adaptive immunological functions, including migration, antigen presentation, production of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides, phagocytosis as well as cellular metabolic reprogramming. A characteristic feature of immune cells is their ability to infiltrate and operate in tissues with low level of nutrients and oxygen. The objective of this article is to discuss the role of HIFs in the function of innate and adaptive immune cells in hypoxia, with a focus on how hypoxia modulates immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Krzywinska
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Unit 970, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Christian Stockmann
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Unit 970, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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Chen Y, Li G, Liu ML. Microvesicles as Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Cardiometabolic Diseases. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:50-62. [PMID: 29462670 PMCID: PMC6000161 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs, also known as microparticles) are small vesicles that originate from plasma membrane of almost all eukaryotic cells during apoptosis or activation. MVs can serve as extracellular vehicles to transport bioactive molecules from their parental cells to recipient target cells, thereby serving as novel mediators for intercellular communication. Importantly, more and more evidence indicates that MVs could play important roles in early pathogenesis and subsequent progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Elevated plasma concentrations of MVs, originating from red blood cells, leukocytes, platelets, or other organs and tissues, have been reported in various cardiometabolic diseases. Circulating MVs could serve as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis or therapeutic monitoring. In this review, we summarized recently-published studies in the field and discussed the role of MVs in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. The emerging values of MVs that serve as biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis, as well as their roles as novel therapeutic targets in cardiometabolic diseases, were also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Ming-Lin Liu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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20
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Kai K, Dittmar RL, Sen S. Secretory microRNAs as biomarkers of cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 78:22-36. [PMID: 29258963 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression predominantly by inhibiting transcription and/or promoting degradation of target mRNAs also in addition to being involved in non-canonical mechanisms regulating transcription, translation and cell signaling processes. Extracellular secretory miRNAs, either in complex with specific proteins or encapsulated in microvesicles called exosomes, are transported between cells as means of intercellular communication. Secretory miRNAs in circulation remain functional after delivery to recipient cells, regulating target genes and their corresponding signaling pathways. Cancer cell secreted miRNA-mediated intercellular communication affects physiological processes associated with the disease, such as, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, immune modulation, metastasis, and chemo-resistance. Given the stability of miRNAs in body fluids and their well-documented roles in deregulating cancer-relevant genetic pathways, there is considerable interest in developing secretory miRNAs as liquid biopsy biomarkers for detection, diagnosis and prognostication of cancer. In this review, we discuss salient features of miRNA biogenesis, secretion and function in cancer as well as the current state of secretory miRNA isolation and profiling methods. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of secretory miRNA biomarker assay development, which need to be addressed for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuharu Kai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Rachel L Dittmar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States; Program in Human and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Subrata Sen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States; Program in Human and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
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21
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Drak Alsibai K, Meseure D. Tumor microenvironment and noncoding RNAs as co-drivers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer metastasis. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:405-431. [PMID: 28691356 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial events in tumor progression and metastasis. Pervasive stromal reprogramming of TME modifies numerous cellular functions, including extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, inflammation, and immunity. These environmental factors allow selection of more aggressive cells that develop adaptive strategies associating plasticity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stem-like phenotype, invasion, immunosuppression, and resistance to therapies. EMT is a morphomolecular process that endows epithelial tumor cells with mesenchymal properties, including reduced adhesion and increased motility. Numerous studies have demonstrated involvement of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as miRNAs and lncRNAs, in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. NcRNAs regulate every hallmark of cancer and have now emerged as new players in induction and regulation of EMT. The reciprocal regulatory interactions between ncRNAs, TME components, and cancer cells increase the complexity of gene expression and protein translation in cancer. Thus, deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms controlling EMT will not only shed light on metastatic processes of cancer cells, but enhance development of new therapies targeting metastasis. In this review, we will provide recent findings on the role of known ncRNAs relevant to EMT and cancer metastasis and discuss the role of the interaction between ncRNAs and TME as co-drivers of EMT. Developmental Dynamics 247:405-431, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Didier Meseure
- Platform of Investigative Pathology, Curie Institute, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Curie Institute, Paris, France
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22
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Javani A, Javadi-Zarnaghi F, Rasaee MJ. A multiplex protein-free lateral flow assay for detection of microRNAs based on unmodified molecular beacons. Anal Biochem 2017; 537:99-105. [PMID: 28911984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) have promising potentials for point-of-care applications. Recently, many LFAs have been reported that are based on hybridization of oligonucleotide strands. Mostly, biotinylated capture DNAs are immobilized on the surface of a nitrocellulose membrane via streptavidin interactions. During the assay, stable colorful complexes get formed that are visible by naked eyes. Here, we present an inexpensive and unique design of LFA that applies unmodified oligonucleotides at capture lines. The presented LFA do not utilize streptavidin or any other affinity protein. We employ structural switch of molecular beacons (MB) in combination with base stacking hybridization (BSH) phenomenon. The unique design of the reported LFA provided high selectivity for target oligonucleotides. We validated potential applications of the system for detection of DNA mimics of two microRNAs in multiplex assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Javani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Abstract
近年来, 以免疫检查点阻断单克隆抗体和抗原受体T细胞免疫疗法细胞治疗为代表的免疫疗法在治疗恶性肿瘤方面取得突破性进展. 然而, 肿瘤通过各种不同的机制逃避免疫系统的识别和杀伤, 导致免疫治疗效果仍不理想. 由癌细胞、血管、淋巴、成纤维细胞、炎症细胞以及多种细胞外基质有机构成的肿瘤组织微环境不仅支持癌细胞的生长和转移, 也影响免疫细胞识别和杀伤癌细胞以及迁移的功能, 调控免疫效应分子的活化, 从而影响免疫治疗的效果. 实体肿瘤内异常血管网络和快速生长的癌细胞对氧过量需求导致肿瘤组织缺氧, 并加剧由于癌细胞异常代谢导致肿瘤组织的酸性微环境. 缺氧酸性微环境是肿瘤微环境最重要的组成部分, 癌细胞适应和利用这些微环境, 导致基因变异的多样性和不稳定性, 激活多种信号通路和生存因子, 造成肿瘤对包括免疫治疗在内的多种治疗方法的耐受和抵抗. 本文针对近年来肿瘤缺氧酸性微环境对免疫治疗影响机制的研究进展进行述评, 希望给从事癌症微环境和免疫治疗的临床基础科研人员提供新的思路.
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Yang W, Ma J, Zhou W, Zhou X, Cao B, Fan D, Hong L. Biological implications and clinical value of mir-210 in gastrointestinal cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11:539-548. [PMID: 28317401 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1309281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common feature of tumor microenvironment, is known to accelerate tumor development and growth by promoting the formation of a neoplastic environment. Recent studies have provided a wealth of evidence that miRNAs are significant members of the adaptive response to low oxygen in tumors. miR-210 is one of the hypoxia-induced miRNAs, which has been reported extensively in cancer researches. However, there is no systematic discussion about the role of miR-210 in gastrointestinal cancer. We conducted a literature research in database including PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct and Medline before 16 September 2016, in order to collect articles of miR-210 in gastrointestinal cancer. Areas covered: In the present review, we mainly discuss the following aspects: hypoxia-induced dysregulation of miR-210, the expression of miR-210 and tumorigenesis, the resultant changes of miR-210 targets and its roles in different types of gastrointestinal cancer progression, the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic value of miR-210 in gastrointestinal cancer. Expert commentary: Numerous researches have demonstrated the values of miR-210 in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapies, especially in gastrointestinal cancers. However, there are also some existing problems and challenges in translating the new research findings into clinical utility. Further investigations and studies are still urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Yang
- a State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- a State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Wei Zhou
- a State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Xin Zhou
- a State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Bo Cao
- a State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Daiming Fan
- a State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Liu Hong
- a State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
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25
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Abstract
Immune cells constantly patrol the body via the bloodstream and migrate into multiple tissues where they face variable and sometimes demanding environmental conditions. Nutrient and oxygen availability can vary during homeostasis, and especially during the course of an immune response, creating a demand for immune cells that are highly metabolically dynamic. As an evolutionary response, immune cells have developed different metabolic programmes to supply them with cellular energy and biomolecules, enabling them to cope with changing and challenging metabolic conditions. In the past 5 years, it has become clear that cellular metabolism affects immune cell function and differentiation, and that disease-specific metabolic configurations might provide an explanation for the dysfunctional immune responses seen in rheumatic diseases. This Review outlines the metabolic challenges faced by immune cells in states of homeostasis and inflammation, as well as the variety of metabolic configurations utilized by immune cells during differentiation and activation. Changes in cellular metabolism that contribute towards the dysfunctional immune responses seen in rheumatic diseases are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gaber
- Charité University Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cindy Strehl
- Charité University Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Charité University Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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26
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Poggi A, Giuliani M. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Can Regulate the Immune Response in the Tumor Microenvironment. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:E41. [PMID: 27834810 PMCID: PMC5192361 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a good target for therapy in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Indeed, solid tumor cells' growth and expansion can influence neighboring cells' behavior, leading to a modulation of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) activities and remodeling of extracellular matrix components. This leads to an altered microenvironment, where reparative mechanisms, in the presence of sub-acute inflammation, are not able to reconstitute healthy tissue. Carcinoma cells can undergo epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key step to generate metastasis; these mesenchymal-like cells display the functional behavior of MSC. Furthermore, MSC can support the survival and growth of leukemic cells within bone marrow participating in the leukemic cell niche. Notably, MSC can inhibit the anti-tumor immune response through either carcinoma-associated fibroblasts or bone marrow stromal cells. Experimental data have indicated their relevance in regulating cytolytic effector lymphocytes of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Herein, we will discuss some of the evidence in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. In particular, we will focus our attention on the means by which it is conceivable to inhibit MSC-mediated immune suppression and trigger anti-tumor innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Massimo Giuliani
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City L-1526, Luxembourg.
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27
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Hypoxic stress: obstacles and opportunities for innovative immunotherapy of cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:439-445. [PMID: 27345407 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumors use several strategies to evade the host immune response, including creation of an immune-suppressive and hostile tumor environment. Tissue hypoxia due to inadequate blood supply is reported to develop very early during tumor establishment. Hypoxic stress has a strong impact on tumor cell biology. In particular, tissue hypoxia contributes to therapeutic resistance, heterogeneity and progression. It also interferes with immune plasticity, promotes the differentiation and expansion of immune-suppressive stromal cells, and remodels the metabolic landscape to support immune privilege. Therefore, tissue hypoxia has been regarded as a central factor for tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. In this regard, manipulating host-tumor interactions in the context of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment may be important in preventing or reverting malignant conversion. We will discuss how tumor microenvironment-driven transient compositional tumor heterogeneity involves hypoxic stress. Tumor hypoxia is a therapeutic concern since it can reduce the effectiveness of conventional therapies as well as cancer immunotherapy. Thus, understanding how tumor and stromal cells respond to hypoxia will allow for the design of innovative cancer therapies that can overcome these barriers. A better understanding of hypoxia-dependent mechanisms involved in the regulation of immune tolerance could lead to new strategies to enhance antitumor immunity. Therefore, discovery and validation of therapeutic targets derived from the hypoxic tumor microenvironment is of major importance. In this context, critical hypoxia-associated pathways are attractive targets for immunotherapy of cancer. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms induced by tumor cell hypoxia with a special emphasis on therapeutic resistance and immune suppression. We emphasize mechanisms of manipulating hypoxic stress and its associated pathways, which may support the development of more durable and successful cancer immunotherapy approaches in the future.
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Frediani JN, Fabbri M. Essential role of miRNAs in orchestrating the biology of the tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:42. [PMID: 27231010 PMCID: PMC4882787 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as central players in shaping the biology of the Tumor Microenvironment (TME). They do so both by modulating their expression levels within the different cells of the TME and by being shuttled among different cell populations within exosomes and other extracellular vesicles. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art knowledge of the role of miRNAs in the complexity of the TME and highlights limitations and challenges in the field. A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of these fascinating micro molecules will lead to the development of new therapeutic weapons and most importantly, to an improvement in the clinical outcome of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Frediani
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,, 4650 Sunset Blvd MS #57, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
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