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Xiong F, Wang D, Xiong W, Wang X, Huang WH, Wu GH, Liu WZ, Wang Q, Chen JS, Kuai YY, Wang B, Chen YJ. Unveiling the role of HP1α-HDAC1-STAT1 axis as a therapeutic target for HP1α-positive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:152. [PMID: 38812060 PMCID: PMC11137995 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA) is a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors characterized by high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Heterochromatin Protein 1α (HP1α) is one of the most important nonhistone chromosomal proteins involved in transcriptional silencing via heterochromatin formation and structural maintenance. The effect of HP1α on the progression of ICCA remained unclear. METHODS The effect on the proliferation of ICCA was detected by experiments in two cell lines and two ICCA mouse models. The interaction between HP1α and Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) was determined using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) and the binding mechanism was studied using immunoprecipitation assays (co-IP). The target gene was screened out by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The occupation of DNA binding proteins and histone modifications were predicted by bioinformatic methods and evaluated by Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT & Tag) and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). RESULTS HP1α was upregulated in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA) tissues and regulated the proliferation of ICCA cells by inhibiting the interferon pathway in a Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1)-dependent manner. Mechanistically, STAT1 is transcriptionally regulated by the HP1α-HDAC1 complex directly and epigenetically via promoter binding and changes in different histone modifications, as validated by high-throughput sequencing. Broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) activates the interferon pathway and inhibits the proliferation of ICCA cells by downregulating HP1α and targeting the heterodimer. Broad-spectrum HDACi plus interferon preparation regimen was found to improve the antiproliferative effects and delay ICCA development in vivo and in vitro, which took advantage of basal activation as well as direct activation of the interferon pathway. HP1α participates in mediating the cellular resistance to both agents. CONCLUSIONS HP1α-HDAC1 complex influences interferon pathway activation by directly and epigenetically regulating STAT1 in transcriptional level. The broad-spectrum HDACi plus interferon preparation regimen inhibits ICCA development, providing feasible strategies for ICCA treatment. Targeting the HP1α-HDAC1-STAT1 axis is a possible strategy for treating ICCA, especially HP1α-positive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiong
- Department of Biliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Da Wang
- Department of Biliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Departement of Pediatric Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430016, China
| | - Wen-Hua Huang
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Guan-Hua Wu
- Department of Biliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Liu
- Department of Biliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Chen
- Department of Biliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yi-Yang Kuai
- Department of Biliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Biliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- Department of Biliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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Murthy D, Dutta D, Attri KS, Samanta T, Yang S, Jung KH, Latario SG, Putluri V, Huang S, Putluri N, Park JH, Kaipparettu BA. CD24 negativity reprograms mitochondrial metabolism to PPARα and NF-κB-driven fatty acid β-oxidation in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216724. [PMID: 38373689 PMCID: PMC11068061 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
CD24 is a well-characterized breast cancer (BC) stem cell (BCSC) marker. Primary breast tumor cells having CD24-negativity together with CD44-positivity is known to maintain high metastatic potential. However, the functional role of CD24 gene in triple-negative BC (TNBC), an aggressive subtype of BC, is not well understood. While the significance of CD24 in regulating immune pathways is well recognized in previous studies, the significance of CD24 low expression in onco-signaling and metabolic rewiring is largely unknown. Using CD24 knock-down and over-expression TNBC models, our in vitro and in vivo analysis suggest that CD24 is a tumor suppressor in metastatic TNBC. Comprehensive in silico gene expression analysis of breast tumors followed by lipidomic and metabolomic analyses of CD24-modulated cells revealed that CD24 negativity induces mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reprograms TNBC metabolism toward the fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) pathway. CD24 silencing activates PPARα-mediated regulation of FAO in TNBC cells. Further analysis using reverse-phase protein array and its validation using CD24-modulated TNBC cells and xenograft models nominated CD24-NF-κB-CPT1A signaling pathway as the central regulatory mechanism of CD24-mediated FAO activity. Overall, our study proposes a novel role of CD24 in metabolic reprogramming that can open new avenues for the treatment strategies for patients with metastatic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Murthy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debasmita Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kuldeep S Attri
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tagari Samanta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sukjin Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kwang Hwa Jung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah G Latario
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Education, Innovation, and Technology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Hyoung Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Benny Abraham Kaipparettu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Masuda S, Onishi H, Iwamoto N, Imaizumi A, Koga S, Nagao S, Sakanashi K, Itoyama S, Fujimura A, Komune N, Kogo R, Umebayashi M, Morisaki T, Nakagawa T. Inhibition of PTPN3 Expressed in Activated Lymphocytes Enhances the Antitumor Effects of Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Especially in Hypoxic Environments. J Immunother 2024; 47:89-97. [PMID: 38297883 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, wherein cytotoxic lymphocytes interact with cancer cells, lymphocyte exhaustion, an immune checkpoint inhibitor target, is promoted. However, the efficacy of these inhibitors is limited, and improving response rates remains challenging. We previously reported that protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type (PTPN) 3 is a potential immune checkpoint molecule for activated lymphocytes and that PTPN3 inhibition should be a focus area for cancer immunotherapy development. Therefore, in this study, we focused on PTPN3-suppressive therapy in terms of lymphocyte exhaustion under hypoxic conditions, which are a cancer microenvironment, and investigated measures for improving the response to anti-programmed death receptor (PD)-1 antibody drugs. We found that PTPN3 expression was upregulated in activated lymphocytes under hypoxic conditions, similar to the findings for other immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-1, T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3, and lymphocyte-activation gene-3; furthermore, it functioned as a lymphocyte exhaustion marker. In addition, PTPN3-suppressed activated lymphocytes promoted the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-Akt signaling pathway activation and enhanced proliferation, migration, and cytotoxic activities under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, PTPN3 suppression in activated lymphocytes increased PD-1 expression and enhanced the antitumor effects of anti-PD-1 antibody drugs against head and neck cancer in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that the suppression of PTPN3 expression in activated lymphocytes enhances the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1 antibody drugs in head and neck cancer, especially under hypoxic conditions that cause lymphocyte exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Masuda
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoya Iwamoto
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Koga
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Nagao
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Sakanashi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Itoyama
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujimura
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noritaka Komune
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Kogo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yang Y, Zhu G, Yang L, Yang Y. Targeting CD24 as a novel immunotherapy for solid cancers. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:312. [PMID: 37919766 PMCID: PMC10623753 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01315-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24), a mucin-like highly glycosylated molecule has been extensively studied as a cancer stem cell marker in a variety of solid cancers. The functional role of CD24 is either fulfilled by combining with ligands or participating in signal transduction, which mediate the initiation and progression of neoplasms. Recently, CD24 was also described as an innate immune checkpoint with apparent significance in several types of solid cancers. Herein, we review the current understanding of the molecular fundamentals of CD24, the role of CD24 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, the possibility as a promising therapeutic target and summarized different therapeutic agents or strategies targeting CD24 in solid cancers. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Tumor-Targeted Drug Development, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Guangming Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Taian, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou China, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Tumor-Targeted Drug Development, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China.
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5
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Ordaz-Ramos A, Tellez-Jimenez O, Vazquez-Santillan K. Signaling pathways governing the maintenance of breast cancer stem cells and their therapeutic implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221175. [PMID: 37492224 PMCID: PMC10363614 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) represent a distinct subpopulation of cells with the ability to self-renewal and differentiate into phenotypically diverse tumor cells. The involvement of CSC in treatment resistance and cancer recurrence has been well established. Numerous studies have provided compelling evidence that the self-renewal ability of cancer stem cells is tightly regulated by specific signaling pathways, which exert critical roles to maintain an undifferentiated phenotype and prevent the differentiation of CSCs. Signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, Notch, Hedgehog, TGF-β, and Hippo have been implicated in the promotion of self-renewal of many normal and cancer stem cells. Given the pivotal role of BCSCs in driving breast cancer aggressiveness, targeting self-renewal signaling pathways holds promise as a viable therapeutic strategy for combating this disease. In this review, we will discuss the main signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of the self-renewal ability of BCSC, while also highlighting current strategies employed to disrupt the signaling molecules associated with stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ordaz-Ramos
- Innovation in Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México
| | - Olivia Tellez-Jimenez
- Innovation in Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México
| | - Karla Vazquez-Santillan
- Innovation in Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
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6
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Wong GL, Manore SG, Doheny DL, Lo HW. STAT family of transcription factors in breast cancer: Pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:84-106. [PMID: 35995341 PMCID: PMC9714692 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second-leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) promote metastasis and therapeutic resistance contributing to tumor relapse. Through activating genes important for BCSCs, transcription factors contribute to breast cancer metastasis and therapeutic resistance, including the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors. The STAT family consists of six major isoforms, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, and STAT6. Canonical STAT signaling is activated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell-surface receptor followed by STAT phosphorylation, leading to STAT nuclear translocation and transactivation of target genes. It is important to note that STAT transcription factors exhibit diverse effects in breast cancer; some are either pro- or anti-tumorigenic while others maintain dual, context-dependent roles. Among the STAT transcription factors, STAT3 is the most widely studied STAT protein in breast cancer for its critical roles in promoting BCSCs, breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion. Consequently, there have been substantial efforts in developing cancer therapeutics to target breast cancer with dysregulated STAT3 signaling. In this comprehensive review, we will summarize the diverse roles that each STAT family member plays in breast cancer pathobiology, as well as, the opportunities and challenges in pharmacologically targeting STAT proteins and their upstream activators in the context of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara G Manore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Breast Cancer Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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El-Fakharany EM, Ashry M, Abd-Elaleem AEH, Romeih MH, Morsy FA, Shaban RA, Abdel-Wahhab KG. Therapeutic efficacy of Nano-formulation of lactoperoxidase and lactoferrin via promoting immunomodulatory and apoptotic effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:43-55. [PMID: 35970364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study identifies promising potential of a novel and safer nanocombination of bovine milk lactoperoxidase (LPO) and lactoferrin (LF) to target breast cancer in vitro and in adult female albino rat model. Favorable selective anticancer effects of the prepared nanocombination were observed, in a dose-dependent manner, against both MCF-7 and MDA cell lines, sparing normal HFB-4 cells. The administration of LPO + LFNPs markedly improved the induced-breast cancer disorders, prolonged survival and reduced the values of serum TNF-α, IL1β, CD4+, ALAT, ASAT, urea, creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides with remarkable elevation in mammary SOD and GPx activity and GSH level. Moreover, the histopathological findings showed that LPO + LFNPs succeeded in prevention of mammary gland tumorigenesis. Superior efficacy of LPO + LFNPs was observed against pro-inflammatory cytokines through their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The treatment of LPO + LFNPs more significantly modulated the apoptosis and enhanced the expression of cell cycle regulator genes, which demonstrates a successful tumor therapy in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this study provided evidence that the chemo-preventive feature of LPO + LFNPs may offer a novel alternative therapy for the treatment of breast cancer through enhances apoptosis pathway, improvement of immune response, reduction of inflammation and restoration of the impaired oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Ashry
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud H Romeih
- Biochemistery and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt
| | | | - Reem A Shaban
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minofia University, Minofia, Egypt
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CD24 Expression Dampens the Basal Antiviral State in Human Neuroblastoma Cells and Enhances Permissivity to Zika Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081735. [PMID: 36016357 PMCID: PMC9416398 DOI: 10.3390/v14081735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) exhibits distinct selectivity for infection of various cells and tissues, but how host cellular factors modulate varying permissivity remains largely unknown. Previous studies showed that the neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-AS (expressing low levels of cellular protein CD24) was highly restricted for ZIKV infection, and that this restriction was relieved by ectopic expression of CD24. We tested the hypothesis that CD24 expression allowed ZIKV replication by suppression of the antiviral response. SK-N-AS cells expressing an empty vector (termed CD24-low cells) showed elevated basal levels of phosphorylated STAT1, IRF-1, IKKE, and NFκB. In response to exogenously added type I interferon (IFN-I), CD24-low cells had higher-level induction of antiviral genes and activity against two IFN-I-sensitive viruses (VSV and PIV5-P/V) compared to SK-N-AS cells with ectopic CD24 expression (termed CD24-high cells). Media-transfer experiments showed that the inherent antiviral state of CD24-low cells was not dependent on a secreted factor such as IFN-I. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that CD24 expression decreased expression of genes involved in intracellular antiviral pathways, including IFN-I, NFκB, and Ras. Our findings that CD24 expression in neuroblastoma cells represses intracellular antiviral pathways support the proposal that CD24 may represent a novel biomarker in cancer cells for susceptibility to oncolytic viruses.
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Ni YH, Zhao X, Wang W. CD24, A Review of its Role in Tumor Diagnosis, Progression and Therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 20:109-126. [PMID: 32576128 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200623170738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD24, is a mucin-like GPI-anchored molecules. By immunohistochemistry, it is widely detected in many solid tumors, such as breast cancers, genital system cancers, digestive system cancers, neural system cancers and so on. The functional roles of CD24 are either fulfilled by combination with ligands or participate in signal transduction, which mediate the initiation and progression of neoplasms. However, the character of CD24 remains to be intriguing because there are still opposite voices about the impact of CD24 on tumors. In preclinical studies, CD24 target therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, target silencing by RNA interference and immunotherapy, have shown us brighten futures on the anti-tumor application. Nevertheless, evidences based on clinical studies are urgently needed. Here, with expectancy to spark new ideas, we summarize the relevant studies about CD24 from a tumor perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Patched 1-interacting Peptide Represses Fibrosis in Pancreatic Cancer to Augment the Effectiveness of Immunotherapy. J Immunother 2021; 43:121-133. [PMID: 31834207 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is resistant to immunotherapy. As a factor of resistance, the dense fibrosis of this cancer acts as a barrier to inhibit immune cell infiltration into a tumor. We examined the influence of a Hedgehog signal inhibitor, Patched 1-interacting peptide, on fibrosis, infiltration of immune cells, and immunotherapeutic effects on PDAC. We found that this peptide inhibited proliferation and migration of cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cells. Furthermore, this peptide reduced the production of extracellular matrix and transforming growth factor β1 in cancer-associated fibroblasts and induced expression of HLA-ABC in PDAC cells and interferon-γ in lymphocytes. In vivo, the peptide suppressed fibrosis of PDAC and increased immune cell infiltration into tumors. The combination of this peptide and an anti-programmed death-1 antibody augmented the antitumor effect, and this combination showed the same effect in experiments using cancer cells and autologous lymphocytes. These results indicate that, in addition to the direct effect of tumor suppression, the Patched 1-interacting peptide increases the infiltration of immune cells by reducing fibrosis of PDAC and consequently enhances the effect of immunotherapy. Therefore, treatment with this peptide may be a novel therapy with 2 different mechanisms: direct tumor suppression and enhancing the immune response against PDAC.
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Pauletto E, Eickhoff N, Padrão NA, Blattner C, Zwart W. TRIMming Down Hormone-Driven Cancers: The Biological Impact of TRIM Proteins on Tumor Development, Progression and Prognostication. Cells 2021; 10:1517. [PMID: 34208621 PMCID: PMC8234875 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family is attracting increasing interest in oncology. As a protein family based on structure rather than function, a plethora of biological activities are described for TRIM proteins, which are implicated in multiple diseases including cancer. With hormone-driven cancers being among the leading causes of cancer-related death, TRIM proteins have been described to portrait tumor suppressive or oncogenic activities in these tumor types. This review describes the biological impact of TRIM proteins in relation to hormone receptor biology, as well as hormone-independent mechanisms that contribute to tumor cell biology in prostate, breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer. Furthermore, we point out common functions of TRIM proteins throughout the group of hormone-driven cancers. An improved understanding of the biological impact of TRIM proteins in cancer may pave the way for improved prognostication and novel therapeutics, ultimately improving cancer care for patients with hormone-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Pauletto
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO-Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Nils Eickhoff
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.E.); (N.A.P.)
| | - Nuno A. Padrão
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.E.); (N.A.P.)
| | - Christine Blattner
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO-Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.E.); (N.A.P.)
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12
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Koga S, Onishi H, Masuda S, Fujimura A, Ichimiya S, Nakayama K, Imaizumi A, Nishiyama K, Kojima M, Miyoshi K, Nakamura K, Umebayashi M, Morisaki T, Nakamura M. PTPN3 is a potential target for a new cancer immunotherapy that has a dual effect of T cell activation and direct cancer inhibition in lung neuroendocrine tumor. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101152. [PMID: 34134073 PMCID: PMC8208899 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PTPN3 suppression associates with lymphocyte activation and cancer suppression. PTPN3 is involved in the induction of malignant traits. PTPN3 is associated with cellular immunosuppression. Signals from PTPN3 go through MAPK and PI3K signaling. PTPN3-inhibited lung NET cells enhance PTPN3-suppressed activated lymphocytes.
In our previous study, we found that inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 3 (PTPN3), which is expressed in lymphocytes, enhances lymphocyte activation, suggesting PTPN3 may act as an immune checkpoint molecule. However, PTPN3 is also expressed in various cancers, and the biological significance of PTPN3 in cancer cells is still not well understood, especially for lung neuroendocrine tumor (NET).Therefore, we analyzed the biological significance of PTPN3 in small cell lung cancer and examined the potential for PTPN3 inhibitory treatment as a cancer treatment approach in lung NET including small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and large cell neuroendocrine cancer (LCNEC). Experiments in a mouse xenograft model using allo lymphocytes showed that PTPN3 inhibition in SCLC cells enhanced the anti-tumor effect of PTPN3-suppressed activated lymphocytes. In addition, PTPN3 was associated with increased vascularization, decreased CD8/FOXP3 ratio and cellular immunosuppression in SCLC clinical specimens. Experiments in a mouse xenograft model using autocrine lymphocytes also showed that PTPN3 inhibition in LCNEC cells augmented the anti-tumor effect of PTPN3-suppressed activated lymphocytes. In vitro experiments showed that PTPN3 is involved in the induction of malignant traits such as proliferation, invasion and migration. Signaling from PTPN3 is mediated by MAPK and PI3K signals via tyrosine kinase phosphorylation through CACNA1G calcium channel. Our results show that PTPN3 suppression is associated with lymphocyte activation and cancer suppression in lung NET. These results suggest that PTPN3 suppression could be a new method of cancer treatment and a major step in the development of new cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Koga
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Shogo Masuda
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujimura
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shu Ichimiya
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakayama
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nishiyama
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kojima
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Miyoshi
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Kyushu Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | | | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Li X, Wang F, Xu X, Zhang J, Xu G. The Dual Role of STAT1 in Ovarian Cancer: Insight Into Molecular Mechanisms and Application Potentials. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636595. [PMID: 33834023 PMCID: PMC8021797 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a transducer protein and acts as a transcription factor but its role in ovarian cancer (OC) is not completely understood. Practically, there are two-faced effects of STAT1 on tumorigenesis in different kinds of cancers. Existing evidence reveals that STAT1 has both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting functions involved in angiogenesis, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, drug resistance, stemness, and immune responses mainly through interacting and regulating target genes at multiple levels. The canonical STAT1 signaling pathway shows that STAT1 is phosphorylated and activated by the receptor-activated kinases such as Janus kinase in response to interferon stimulation. The STAT1 signaling can also be crosstalk with other signaling such as transforming growth factor-β signaling involved in cancer cell behavior. OC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to symptomless or atypical symptoms and the lack of effective detection at an early stage. Furthermore, patients with OC often develop chemoresistance and recurrence. This review focuses on the multi-faced role of STAT1 and highlights the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of STAT1 in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanchen Wang
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Zhang R, Tu J, Liu S. Novel molecular regulators of breast cancer stem cell plasticity and heterogeneity. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 82:11-25. [PMID: 33737107 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumors consist of heterogeneous cell populations, and tumor heterogeneity plays key roles in regulating tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and resistance to anti-tumor therapies. More and more studies suggest that cancer stem cells (CSCs) promote tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance as well as are the major source for heterogeneity of cancer cells. CD24-CD44+ and ALDH+ are the most common markers for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Previous studies showed that different BCSC markers label different BCSC populations, indicating the heterogeneity of BCSCs. Therefore, defining the regulation mechanisms of heterogeneous BCSCs is essential for precisely targeting BCSCs and treating breast cancer. In this review, we summarized the novel regulators existed in BCSCs and their niches for BCSC heterogeneity which has been discovered in recent years, and discussed their regulation mechanisms and the latest corresponding cancer treatments, which will extend our understanding on BCSC heterogeneity and plasticity, and provide better prognosis prediction and more efficient novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Juchuanli Tu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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15
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Ichimiya S, Onishi H, Nagao S, Koga S, Sakihama K, Nakayama K, Fujimura A, Oyama Y, Imaizumi A, Oda Y, Nakamura M. GLI2 but not GLI1/GLI3 plays a central role in the induction of malignant phenotype of gallbladder cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:997-1010. [PMID: 33650666 PMCID: PMC7860001 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that Hedgehog (Hh) signal was enhanced in gallbladder cancer (GBC) and was involved in the induction of malignant phenotype of GBC. In recent years, therapeutics that target Hh signaling have focused on molecules downstream of smoothened (SMO). The three transcription factors in the Hh signal pathway, glioma‑associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), GLI2, and GLI3, function downstream of SMO, but their biological role in GBC remains unclear. In the present study, the biological significance of GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 were analyzed with the aim of developing novel treatments for GBC. It was revealed that GLI2, but not GLI1 or GLI3, was involved in the cell cycle‑mediated proliferative capacity in GBC and that GLI2, but not GLI1 or GLI3, was involved in the enhanced invasive capacity through epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. Further analyses revealed that GLI2 may function in mediating gemcitabine sensitivity and that GLI2 was involved in the promotion of fibrosis in a mouse xenograft model. Immunohistochemical staining of 66 surgically resected GBC tissues revealed that GLI2‑high expression patients had fewer numbers of CD3+ and CD8+ tumor‑infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and increased programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‑L1) expression in cancer cells. These results suggest that GLI2, but not GLI1 or GLI3, is involved in proliferation, invasion, fibrosis, PD‑L1 expression, and TILs in GBC and could be a novel therapeutic target. The results of this study provide a significant contribution to the development of a new treatment for refractory GBC, which has few therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ichimiya
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Nagao
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Satoko Koga
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Kukiko Sakihama
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakayama
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujimura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Oyama
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
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16
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Nakayama K, Onishi H, Fujimura A, Imaizumi A, Kawamoto M, Oyama Y, Ichimiya S, Koga S, Fujimoto Y, Nakashima K, Nakamura M. NFκB and TGFβ contribute to the expression of PTPN3 in activated human lymphocytes. Cell Immunol 2020; 358:104237. [PMID: 33137650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 3 (PTPN3), which is upregulated in activated lymphocytes, acts as an immune checkpoint. However, the mechanism by which PTPN3 expression is enhanced in activated lymphocytes is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism of PTPN3 expression in activated lymphocytes with a view for developing a novel immune checkpoint inhibitor that suppresses PTPN3. Through the activation process, lymphocytes showed enhanced NFκB activation as well as increased PTPN3 expression. NFκB enhanced proliferation, migration, and cytotoxicity of lymphocytes. Furthermore, NFκB enhanced PTPN3 expression and tyrosine kinase activation. TGFβ reduced PTPN3 expression and NFκB activation in the cancer microenvironment, and suppressed the biological activity of lymphocytes. The results of this study are expected to provide significant implications for improving existing immunotherapy and developing novel immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Nakayama
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Akiko Fujimura
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawamoto
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Oyama
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shu Ichimiya
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Koga
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Fujimoto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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17
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Zhang M, Liang L, He J, He Z, Yue C, Jin X, Gao M, Xiao S, Zhou Y. Fra-1 Inhibits Cell Growth and the Warburg Effect in Cervical Cancer Cells via STAT1 Regulation of the p53 Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:579629. [PMID: 33102485 PMCID: PMC7554318 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.579629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenesis of cervical cancer is a multi-factor and multi-step process, and major risk factors include oncogene activation with tumor suppressor gene inactivation, viral factors, and immune factors. For example, the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to the occurrence of cervical cancer. At present, the pathogenesis of cervical cancer remains unclear. Fra-1 (Fos-related antigen 1, also known as FOSL1) is a member of the Fos family and an important nuclear transcription factor that regulates normal cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. In the present study, we found that Fra-1 inhibited the proliferation of cervical cancer cells while also promoting apoptosis and affecting cell cycle distribution. Moreover, Fra-1 up-regulated STAT1 expression and modulated p53 signal pathway activity in cervical cancer cells. Overexpression of Fra-1 inhibited cell senescence by altering sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression in HeLa cells, and Fra-1 overexpression restored mitochondrial disorder and suppressed metabolic reprogramming in HeLa cells. Silencing of STAT1 impaired the inhibitory effect of Fra-1 on cervical cancer cell growth, while knock-down of STAT1 reversed the effect on cell senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by Fra-1 in HeLa cells. Silencing of STAT1 also recovered metabolic reprogramming in cervical cancer cells. In summary, our results show that Fra-1 inhibited cervical cancer cell growth and the Warburg effect via STAT1-mediated regulation of the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manying Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junyu He
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengxi He
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunxue Yue
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengxiang Gao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songshu Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Saeki K, Onishi H, Koga S, Ichimiya S, Nakayama K, Oyama Y, Kawamoto M, Sakihama K, Yamamoto T, Matsuda R, Miyasaka Y, Nakamura M, Oda Y. FAM115C could be a novel tumor suppressor associated with prolonged survival in pancreatic cancer patients. J Cancer 2020; 11:2289-2302. [PMID: 32127956 PMCID: PMC7052938 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We have recently explored new targeting molecules and pathways in PDAC cells under hypoxic conditions. In this study, we performed a microarray experiment to analyze the genes up-regulated in PDAC cell lines under hypoxia compared to normoxia, and identified human family with sequence similarity 115, member C (FAM115C) as a candidate gene for further study. Our data showed that FAM115C was overexpressed in PDAC cell lines under hypoxia, and FAM115C inhibition promoted PDAC cell migration and invasion in vitro. FAM115C inhibition did not affect tumor cell proliferation in PDAC. Immunohistochemically, FAM115C expression was observed ubiquitously in normal pancreas, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and PDAC tissue, and it was located mainly in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm of cells. In qPCR analysis, high expression of FAM115C was correlated with better prognosis in patients with PDAC. Our findings suggest that FAM115C could be a novel tumor suppressor associated with prolonged survival in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Saeki
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Koga
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shu Ichimiya
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakayama
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Oyama
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawamoto
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kukiko Sakihama
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsuda
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyasaka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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19
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Zhou Z, Li Y, Kuang M, Wang X, Jia Q, Cao J, Hu J, Wu S, Wang Z, Xiao J. The CD24 + cell subset promotes invasion and metastasis in human osteosarcoma. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102598. [PMID: 31901872 PMCID: PMC6948162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.102598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most common primary aggressive bone tumor affecting children and young adolescents. Metastases are often resistant to conventional chemotherapy and mean short-term survival. Development of valuable diagnostic indicators and targeting agents will have important implications for clinical diagnosis by the identification and characterization of molecules that contribute to its aggressive behavior. METHODS We examined differential expression levels of common stem cell markers in osteosarcoma parental and sphere cells. In addition, we further analyzed the changes of candidate common stem cell markers before and after in vitro chemotherapy of osteosarcoma cells. The biological functions of CD24+ subpopulation in osteosarcoma such as proliferation, migration, invasion, tumorigenesis and metastasis were systematically investigated, and the correlations of CD24 levels with prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma were analyzed. FINDINGS CD24+ Cells presented characteristics of TICs and resist drug-induced apoptosis. The prevention of tumor formation and metastasis by CD24 knockdown highlights the potential of CD24 as a therapeutic target for osteosarcoma. Moreover, the levels of CD24 in osteosarcoma samples were significantly correlated with the prognosis of patients. INTERPRETATION CD24+ cell subset played an important role in osteosarcoma invasion and metastasis. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81772857); Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (18140902000); Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (2017ZZ01017; 17411950301).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003,China
| | - Yan Li
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032,China
| | - Muyu Kuang
- Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,200040, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003,China
| | - Qi Jia
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003,China
| | - Jiashi Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003,China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Clinical Research Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sujia Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003,China.
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20
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Fujimura A, Nakayama K, Imaizumi A, Kawamoto M, Oyama Y, Ichimiya S, Umebayashi M, Koya N, Morisaki T, Nakagawa T, Onishi H. PTPN3 expressed in activated T lymphocytes is a candidate for a non-antibody-type immune checkpoint inhibitor. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1649-1660. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Goltsev AM, Bondarovych MO, Babenko NM, Gaevska YO, Dubrava TG, Ostankov MV. Effect of different cryopreservation regimens on Ehrlich carcinoma growth. Cell Tissue Bank 2019; 20:411-421. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-019-09780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Kaowinn S, Kaewpiboon C, Koh SS, Krämer OH, Chung YH. STAT1‑HDAC4 signaling induces epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and sphere formation of cancer cells overexpressing the oncogene, CUG2. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:2619-2627. [PMID: 30226605 PMCID: PMC6151883 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that the novel oncogene, cancer upregulated gene 2 (CUG2), activates STAT1, which is linked to anticancer drug resistance, induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell-like phenotypes as determined by MTT, migration and sphere formation assays. We thus aimed to ascertain whether the activation of STAT1 by CUG2 is involved in these malignant phenotypes besides drug resistance. Here, we showed that STAT1 suppression decreased the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin, biomarkers of EMT, which led to inhibition of the migration and invasion of human lung A549 cancer cells stably expressing CUG2, but did not recover E-cadherin expression. STAT1 siRNA also diminished CUG2-induced TGF-β signaling, which is critical in EMT, and TGF-β transcriptional activity. Conversely, inhibition of TGF-β signaling reduced phosphorylation of STAT1, indicating a crosstalk between STAT1 and TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, STAT1 silencing diminished sphere formation, which was supported by downregulation of stemness-related factors such as Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog. Constitutive suppression of STAT1 also inhibited cell migration, invasion and sphere formation. As STAT1 acetylation counteracts STAT1 phosphorylation, acetylation of STAT1 by treatment with trichostatin A, an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), reduced cell migration, invasion, and sphere formation. As HDAC4 is known to target STAT1, its role was investigated under CUG2 overexpression. HDAC4 suppression resulted in inhibition of cell migration, invasion, and sphere formation as HDAC4 silencing hindered TGF-β signaling and decreased expression of Sox2 and Nanog. Taken together, we suggest that STAT1-HDAC4 signaling induces malignant tumor features such as EMT and sphere formation in CUG2-overexpressing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirichat Kaowinn
- BK21+, Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chutima Kaewpiboon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong‑A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz D‑55131, Germany
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21+, Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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23
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Shi G, Zhang H, Yu Q, Jin H, Hu C, Li S, Ji Y. Epigenetic silencing of sonic hedgehog elicits antitumor immune response and suppresses tumor growth by inhibiting the hedgehog signaling pathway in metastatic spine tumors in Sprague‐Dawley rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9591-9603. [PMID: 30191602 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Shi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine Changchun Medical College Changchun China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Orthopedic The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Chun‐Mei Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Shu‐Chun Li
- Department of Orthopedic The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - You‐Bo Ji
- Department of Orthopedic The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
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24
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Lu S, Yao Y, Xu G, Zhou C, Zhang Y, Sun J, Jiang R, Shao Q, Chen Y. CD24 regulates sorafenib resistance via activating autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:646. [PMID: 29844385 PMCID: PMC5974417 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of most common solid cancers worldwide. Sorafenib is indicated as a treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical efficacy of sorafenib has been severely compromised by the development of drug resistance, and the precise mechanisms of drug resistance remain largely unknown. Here we found that a cell surface molecule, CD24, is overexpressed in tumor tissues and sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between CD24 expression levels and sorafenib resistance. In sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines, depletion of CD24 caused a notable increase of sorafenib sensitivity. In addition, we found that CD24-related sorafenib resistance was accompanied by the activation of autophagy and can be blocked by the inhibition of autophagy using either pharmacological inhibitors or essential autophagy gene knockdown. In further research, we found that CD24 overexpression also leads to an increase in PP2A protein production and induces the deactivation of the mTOR/AKT pathway, which enhances the level of autophagy. These results demonstrate that CD24 regulates sorafenib resistance via activating autophagy in HCC. This is the first report to describe the relationships among CD24, autophagy, and sorafenib resistance. In conclusion, the combination of autophagy modulation and CD24 targeted therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer biotherapy Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Guolong Xu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer biotherapy Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Runqiu Jiang
- Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Qing Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer biotherapy Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210018, China.
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25
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Xi J, Chen Y, Huang S, Cui F, Wang X. Suppression of GRP78 sensitizes human colorectal cancer cells to oxaliplatin by downregulation of CD24. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9861-9867. [PMID: 29805687 PMCID: PMC5958709 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is an endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling regulator with anti-apoptotic properties. It has been demonstrated to promote tumor proliferation, survival and metastasis, and to confer resistance against a large variety of therapies. CD24 is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, which is known to have a role in tumor progression, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, oxaliplatin (L-OHP) was demonstrated to decrease the expression of CD24 in HT29 cells. Knockdown of CD24 using small interfering RNA resulted in sensitization of HT29 cells to L-OHP. By contrast, overexpression of CD24 rendered SW480 cells resistant to L-OHP, which indicated that CD24 antagonized L-OHP-induced cytotoxicity. A co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that GRP78 physically associates with CD24. L-OHP suppresses the expression of GRP78 and CD24, in part come from the inhibition of interaction between the two. Suppression of GRP78 caused downregulation of CD24 expression and enhanced L-OHP-induced CD24 inhibition. Furthermore, down-regulation of GPR78 with a pharmacological inhibitor sensitized the CRC cells to L-OHP. Collectively, the present results indicate that CD24 antagonizes L-OHP-induced cytotoxicity and that GRP78 is involved in this process. A novel mechanism via which CRC cells acquire resistance to L-OHP was thereby revealed. Use of a combination of compounds which suppress GRP78 may help to improve the effectiveness of L-OHP in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingle Xi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yufan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shangbin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Taixin Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Cui
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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26
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Kawamoto M, Onishi H, Ozono K, Yamasaki A, Imaizumi A, Kamakura S, Nakano K, Oda Y, Sumimoto H, Nakamura M. Tropomyosin-related kinase B mediated signaling contributes to the induction of malignant phenotype of gallbladder cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36211-36224. [PMID: 28423707 PMCID: PMC5482650 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate the clinical and biological significance of Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) signaling in gallbladder cancer (GBC) through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. TrkB expression was detected in 63 (91.3%) out of 69 surgically resected primary GBC specimens by immunohistochemistry. TrkB expression in the invasive front correlated with T factor (p=0.0391) and clinical staging (p=0.0391). Overall survival was lower in patients with high TrkB expression in the invasive front than in those with low TrkB expression (p=0.0363). In vitro experiment, we used five TrkB-expressing GBC cell lines with or without K-ras mutation. TrkB-mediated signaling increased proliferation and the invasiveness by inducing epithelial mesenchymal transition, and activating matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. Inhibition of TrkB-mediated signaling also decreased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), VEGF-C, and VEGF-D expression. In vivo experiment, inhibition of TrkB-mediated signaling suppressed tumorigenicity and tumor growth in GBC. These findings demonstrate that TrkB-mediated signaling contributes to the induction of malignant phenotypes (proliferation, invasiveness, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and tumorigenesis) in GBC, and could be a promising therapeutic target regardless of K-ras mutation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kawamoto
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keigo Ozono
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akio Yamasaki
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Shukoukai Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kamakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakano
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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27
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Fan H, Li H, Liu G, Cong W, Zhao H, Cao W, Zheng J. Doxorubicin combined with low intensity ultrasound suppresses the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma in culture and in xenografts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:163. [PMID: 29157266 PMCID: PMC5696881 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) invades surrounding tissues by upregulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2 and −9, which causes over-expression of the Hedgehog signaling proteins Shh and Gli-1 and degradation of the extracellular matrix, thereby creating a “highway” for tumor invasion. We explored the potential of low intensity ultrasound (LIUS) and doxorubicin (DOX) to inhibit the formation of this “highway”. Methods MTT assays were used to examine OSCC cell viability after exposure to LIUS and DOX. The cell morphological changes and ultrastructure were detected by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Endogenous autophagy-associated proteins were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining and western blotting. Cell migration and invasion abilities were evaluated by Transwell assays. Collagen fiber changes were evaluated by Masson’s trichrome staining. Invasion-associated proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Results LIUS of 1 W/cm2 increased the in vitro DOX uptake into OSCC by nearly 3-fold in three different cell lines and induced transient autophagic vacuoles on the cell surface. The combination of LIUS and 0.2 μg/ml DOX inhibited tumor cell viability and invasion, promoted tumor stromal collagen deposition, and prolonged the survival of mice. This combination also down-regulated MMP-2, MMP-9, Shh and Gli-1 in tumor xenografts. Collagen fiber expression was negatively correlated with the expression of these proteins in human OSCC samples. Conclusions Our findings suggest that effective low dosages of DOX in combination with LIUS can inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which might be through MMP-2/9 production mediated by the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0633-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Fan
- Departmentof Anatomy, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, Jining Medical College, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Guanyao Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Stomatological Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Departmentof Anatomy, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Departmentof Anatomy, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wenwu Cao
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, and Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.,Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Jinhua Zheng
- Departmentof Anatomy, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
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28
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Wang Y, Li C, Li Y, Zhu Z. Involvement of breast cancer stem cells in tumor angiogenesis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:8150-8155. [PMID: 29344258 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in the angiogenesis of breast cancer tumors. The expression levels of mutant p53, cluster of differentiation (CD)31, vascular endothelial factor (VEGF), in addition to human epidermal growth factor (HER)2, were detected in the blood vessels of human breast cancer (BC) tissue samples. CD44+/CD24-/low cells were selected from single-cell suspensions of BC tissues to assess the expression of CD31 and CD105, in addition to the ability of these cells to metabolize acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL). Furthermore, vascular-like structures were observed histologically. Mutant p53, CD31 and VEGF were all expressed in these tissues. CD44+ cells comprised 7.5±2.6 and 94.3±4.7% of the cell population prior to and following sorting, respectively. CD24+ cells comprised 48.2±9.4 and 4.3±4% of the cell population prior to and following sorting, respectively. A low proportion of CD24+ cells corresponded to a high proportion of CD24-/low cells. The percentages of CD105+ and CD31+ glomus cells in the mammary gland were 4.5±0.9 and 6.2±1.3%, respectively, and following passaging for three generations, these increased to 79.6±9.3 and 84.1±10.7%, respectively (P<0.05). Cells were cultured using an endothelial cell culture system, and they internalized DiL-Ac-LDL. Here, vascular endothelial cells formed vascular-like structures, whereas the control group demonstrated no such structures. Overall, the results suggest that BCSCs-derived endothelial cells may contribute to tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Zhitu Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
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29
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Cong F, Yu H, Gao X. Expression of CD24 and B7-H3 in breast cancer and the clinical significance. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7185-7190. [PMID: 29344150 PMCID: PMC5754897 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the expression of CD24 and B7-H3 in breast cancer tissues and the clinical significance. Expression of CD24 and B7-H3 in breast cancer and adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of CD24 and B7-H3 mRNA in breast cancer and adjacent tissues. The expression of CD24 and B7-H3 protein in breast cancer and adjacent tissues was detected by immunoblotting. The correlation between the expression levels of the two proteins was analyzed and the relationship between the expression of two proteins and the 5-year survival of breast cancer patients was investigated. CD24 and B7-H3 were positively expressed in breast cancer and adjacent tissues, the CD24-positive rate was 75.7 and 25.7%, respectively, and the B7-H3-positive rate was 56.8 and 43.2%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of CD24 was positively correlated with the expression of B7-H3 (Spearman's correlation coefficient r, 0.297; p=0.036). The positive and negative expression of CD24 and B7-H3 significantly affected the 5-year survival of breast cancer patients (P<0.05). Quantitative PCR results showed that the expression levels of CD24 and B7-H3 mRNA in breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). The expression levels of CD24 and B7-H3 protein in breast cancer tissues were also significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). CD24 and B7-H3 were highly expressed in breast cancer, suggesting that both CD24 and B7-H3 were related to the development of breast cancer. Five-year survival analysis of breast cancer patients showed that the high expression of CD24 and B7-H3 were correlated with the poor prognosis of patients. Thus, CD24 and B7-H3 may become new targets for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cong
- Department of General Surgery, Weihai Wendeng People's Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhua Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
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30
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Wu HT, Liu J, Li GW, Shen JX, Huang YT. The transcriptional STAT3 is a potential target, whereas transcriptional STAT5A/5B/6 are new biomarkers for prognosis in human breast carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:36279-36288. [PMID: 28422733 PMCID: PMC5482654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activators of Transcription (STAT) is a set of transcription factors, involved in diverse cellular functions. Evidences from cell lines, mouse models and human tissues implicate these transcription factors in the oncogenesis of breast cancer. However, the diverse expression patterns and prognostic values of 7 STATs remain to be elucidated. In the current study, we mined the transcriptional and survival data of STATs in patients with breast carcinoma (BC) through ONCOMINE, bc-GenExMiner, Kaplan-Meier Plotter and cBioPortal. It was found that STAT1/2 were up-regulated, whereas STAT3/4/5A/5B were down-regulated in BC patients compared with the normal tissues. The expressions of STAT5A/5B/6 were correlated with decreased levels of histological differentiation. In survival analyses through the Kaplan-Meier plotter database, high transcription levels of STAT2/4/5A/5B/6 were associated with better relapse-free survival (RFS) in all BC patients. Conversely, high STAT3 predicted shorter RFS in BC patients, suggesting that STAT3 is potential targets for precision therapy to BC patients. These data also provided STAT5A/5B/6 as new biomarker for BC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
- Chang Jiang Scholar's Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Guan-Wu Li
- Open Laboratory for Tumor Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Jia-Xin Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Yi-Teng Huang
- Health Care Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
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31
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Smoothened is a poor prognosis factor and a potential therapeutic target in glioma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42630. [PMID: 28195165 PMCID: PMC5307388 DOI: 10.1038/srep42630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are associated with a high mortality rate. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of novel targeted therapeutics. Aberrant Hedgehog signaling has been directly linked to glioma. GDC-0449 is a novel small molecule inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling that blocks the activity of smoothened (Smo). In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effects of the smoothened inhibitor GDC-0449 on cell proliferation in human gliomas. We found that high expression of smoothened in glioma is a predictor of short overall survival and poor patient outcome. Our data suggest that GDC-0449 significantly inhibits the proliferation of glioma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Our results demonstrate that GDC-0449 can effectively inhibit the migration and invasion of glioma cells. Furthermore, GDC-0449 treatment significantly suppressed glioma cell xenograft tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, GDC-0449 treatment markedly decreases the expression levels of key Hedgehog pathway component genes (Shh, Patched-1, Patched-2, smoothened, Gli1 and Gli2). These results indicate that GDC-0449 works through targeting the Hedgehog pathway. Taken together, our study suggests that smoothened could be used as a prognostic marker and molecular therapeutic target for glioma.
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32
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The CD24 surface antigen in neural development and disease. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 99:133-144. [PMID: 27993646 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A cell's surface molecular signature enables its reciprocal interactions with the associated microenvironments in development, tissue homeostasis and pathological processes. The CD24 surface antigen (heat-stable antigen, nectadrin; small cell lung cancer antigen cluster-4) represents a prime example of a neural surface molecule that has long been known, but whose diverse molecular functions in intercellular communication we have only begun to unravel. Here, we briefly summarize the molecular fundamentals of CD24 structure and provide a comprehensive review of CD24 expression and functional studies in mammalian neural developmental systems and disease models (rodent, human). Striving for an integrated view of the intracellular signaling processes involved, we discuss the most pertinent routes of CD24-mediated signaling pathways and functional networks in neurobiology (neural migration, neurite extension, neurogenesis) and pathology (tumorigenesis, multiple sclerosis).
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33
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Tan H, Qi J, Chu G, Liu Z. Tripartite Motif 16 Inhibits the Migration and Invasion in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2016; 25:551-558. [PMID: 27737724 PMCID: PMC7841104 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14758370595285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif 16 (TRIM16), a member of the RING B-box coiled-coil (RBCC)/tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, has been shown to play a role in tumor development and progression. However, the role of TRIM16 in ovarian cancer has never been revealed. Thus, in this study, we investigated the roles and mechanisms of TRIM16 in ovarian cancer. Our results demonstrated that TRIM16 expression was low in ovarian cancer cell lines. In addition, overexpression of TRIM16 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion in vitro, as well as suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, overexpression of TRIM16 greatly inhibited the protein expression levels of Shh, Smo, Ptc, Gli-1, MMP2, and MMP9 in ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that TRIM16 inhibits the migration and invasion via suppressing the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cells. Thus, TRIM16 may be a novel potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Tan
- Department of Gynecology, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Gynecology, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Chu
- Department of Gynecology, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Margan MM, Jitariu AA, Cimpean AM, Nica C, Raica M. Molecular Portrait of the Normal Human Breast Tissue and Its Influence on Breast Carcinogenesis. J Breast Cancer 2016; 19:99-111. [PMID: 27382385 PMCID: PMC4929267 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2016.19.2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal human breast tissue consists of epithelial and nonepithelial cells with different molecular profiles and differentiation grades. This molecular heterogeneity is known to yield abnormal clones that may contribute to the development of breast carcinomas. Stem cells that are found in developing and mature breast tissue are either positive or negative for cytokeratin 19 depending on their subtype. These cells are able to generate carcinogenesis along with mature cells. However, scientific data remains controversial regarding the monoclonal or polyclonal origin of breast carcinomas. The majority of breast carcinomas originate from epithelial cells that normally express BRCA1. The consecutive loss of the BRCA1 gene leads to various abnormalities in epithelial cells. Normal breast epithelial cells also express hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1α and HIF-2α that are associated with a high metastatic rate and a poor prognosis for malignant lesions. The nuclear expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in normal human breast tissue is maintained in malignant tissue as well. Several controversies regarding the ability of ER and PR status to predict breast cancer outcome remain. Both ER and PR act as modulators of cell activity in normal human breast tissue. Ki-67 positivity is strongly correlated with tumor grade although its specific role in applied therapy requires further studies. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) oncoprotein is less expressed in normal human breast specimens but is highly expressed in certain malignant lesions of the breast. Unlike HER2, epidermal growth factor receptor expression is similar in both normal and malignant tissues. Molecular heterogeneity is not only found in breast carcinomas but also in normal breast tissue. Therefore, the molecular mapping of normal human breast tissue might represent a key research area to fully elucidate the mechanisms of breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalin Marius Margan
- Department XII-Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neonatology and Perinatal Care, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Adriana Jitariu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Maria Cimpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Nica
- Department of Surgery, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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Yousefnia S, Seyed Forootan F, Seyed Forootan S, Nasr Esfahani MH, Gure AO, Ghaedi K. Activated coagulation time in monitoring heparinized dogs. Am J Vet Res 1981; 10:452. [PMID: 32426267 PMCID: PMC7212408 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are the minor population of breast cancer (BC) cells that exhibit several phenotypes such as migration, invasion, self-renewal, and chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy resistance. Recently, BCSCs have been more considerable due to their capacity for recurrence of tumors after treatment. Recognition of signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in stemness phenotypes of BCSCs could be effective for discovering novel treatment strategies to target BCSCs. This review introduces BCSC markers, their roles in stemness phenotypes, and the dysregulated signaling pathways involved in BCSCs such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, PI3K/Akt/nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), TGF-β, hedgehog (Hh), Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and Hippo pathway. In addition, this review presents recently discovered molecular mechanisms implicated in chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance, migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis of BCSCs. Finally, we reviewed the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in BCSCs as well as several other therapeutic strategies such as herbal medicine, biological agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, nanoparticles, and microRNAs, which have been more considerable in the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Yousefnia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzad Seyed Forootan
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute of Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Farzad Seyed Forootan ;
| | - Shiva Seyed Forootan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute of Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Osmay Gure
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ali Osmay Gure
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute of Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
- Kamran Ghaedi ; ;
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