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Hou Z, Zhang X, Gao Y, Geng J, Jiang Y, Dai H, Wang C. Serum Osteopontin, KL-6, and Syndecan-4 as Potential Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis: A Case-Control Study. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:537-549. [PMID: 37284491 PMCID: PMC10241210 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s409644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) is a chronic occupational disease mainly caused by coal dust inhalation in miners. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of Osteopontin (OPN), KL-6, Syndecan-4 and Gremlin-1 as serum biomarkers in CWP. Patients and Methods We integrated reported lung tissues transcriptome data in pneumoconiosis patients with silica-exposed alveolar macrophage microarray data to identify four CWP-associated serum biomarkers. The serum concentrations of Osteopontin, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), Syndecan-4 and Gremlin-1 were measured in 100 healthy controls (HCs), 100 dust-exposed workers (DEWs) and 200 patients of CWP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the sensitivity, specificity, cut-off value and area under the curve (AUC) value of biomarkers. Results The pulmonary function parameters decreased sequentially, and the serum OPN, KL-6, Syndecan-4 and Gremlin-1 concentrations were increased sequentially among the HC, DEW and CWP groups. Among all participants, multivariable analysis revealed that these four biomarkers were negatively correlated with the pulmonary function parameters (all p<0.05). Compared with HCs, patients with higher OPN, KL-6, Syndecan-4 and Gremlin-1 had higher risk for CWP. The combination of OPN, KL-6, and Syndecan-4 can improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of CWP patients differentiated from HCs or DEWs. Conclusion OPN, KL-6 and Syndecan-4 are novel biomarkers that can be used for CWP auxiliary diagnosis. The combination of three biomarkers can improve the diagnostic values of CWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Hou
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Lanzi C, Favini E, Dal Bo L, Tortoreto M, Arrighetti N, Zaffaroni N, Cassinelli G. Upregulation of ERK-EGR1-heparanase axis by HDAC inhibitors provides targets for rational therapeutic intervention in synovial sarcoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:381. [PMID: 34857011 PMCID: PMC8638516 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive soft tissue tumor with limited therapeutic options in advanced stage. SS18-SSX fusion oncogenes, which are the hallmarks of SS, cause epigenetic rewiring involving histone deacetylases (HDACs). Promising preclinical studies supporting HDAC targeting for SS treatment were not reflected in clinical trials with HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) monotherapies. We investigated pathways implicated in SS cell response to HDACi to identify vulnerabilities exploitable in combination treatments and improve the therapeutic efficacy of HDACi-based regimens. METHODS Antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of the HDACi SAHA and FK228 were examined in SS cell lines in parallel with biochemical and molecular analyses to bring out cytoprotective pathways. Treatments combining HDACi with drugs targeting HDACi-activated prosurvival pathways were tested in functional assays in vitro and in a SS orthotopic xenograft model. Molecular mechanisms underlying synergisms were investigated in SS cells through pharmacological and gene silencing approaches and validated by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS SS cell response to HDACi was consistently characterized by activation of a cytoprotective and auto-sustaining axis involving ERKs, EGR1, and the β-endoglycosidase heparanase, a well recognized pleiotropic player in tumorigenesis and disease progression. HDAC inhibition was shown to upregulate heparanase by inducing expression of the positive regulator EGR1 and by hampering negative regulation by p53 through its acetylation. Interception of HDACi-induced ERK-EGR1-heparanase pathway by cell co-treatment with a MEK inhibitor (trametinib) or a heparanase inhibitor (SST0001/roneparstat) enhanced antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. HDAC and heparanase inhibitors had opposite effects on histone acetylation and nuclear heparanase levels. The combination of SAHA with SST0001 prevented the upregulation of ERK-EGR1-heparanase induced by the HDACi and promoted caspase-dependent cell death. In vivo, the combined treatment with SAHA and SST0001 potentiated the antitumor efficacy against the CME-1 orthotopic SS model as compared to single agent administration. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides preclinical rationale and mechanistic insights into drug combinatory strategies based on the use of ERK pathway and heparanase inhibitors to improve the efficacy of HDACi-based antitumor therapies in SS. The involvement of classes of agents already clinically available, or under clinical evaluation, indicates the transferability potential of the proposed approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Lanzi
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Favini
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Dal Bo
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tortoreto
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cassinelli
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Kaur R, Deb PK, Diwan V, Saini B. Heparanase Inhibitors in Cancer Progression: Recent Advances. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:43-68. [PMID: 33185156 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201113105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An endo-β-glucuronidase enzyme, Heparanase (HPSE), degrades the side chains of polymeric heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan formed by alternate repetitive units of D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid/L-iduronic acid. HS is a major component of the extracellular matrix and basement membranes and has been implicated in processes of the tissue's integrity and functional state. The degradation of HS by HPSE enzyme leads to conditions like inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. An elevated HPSE expression with a poor prognosis and its multiple roles in tumor growth and metastasis has attracted significant interest for its inhibition as a potential anti-neoplastic target. METHODS We reviewed the literature from journal publication websites and electronic databases such as Bentham, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, USFDA, etc., about HPSE, its structure, functions, and role in cancer. RESULTS The present review is focused on Heparanase inhibitors (HPIns) that have been isolated from natural resources or chemically synthesized as new therapeutics for metastatic tumors and chronic inflammatory diseases in recent years. The recent developments made in the HPSE structure and function are also discussed, which can lead to the future design of HPIns with more potency and specificity for the target. CONCLUSION HPIns can be a better target to be explored against various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Philadelphia, Jordan
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Balraj Saini
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Melo CM, Nader HB, Justo GZ, Pinhal MAS. Heparanase modulation by Wingless/INT (Wnt). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3117-3125. [PMID: 33891270 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase is an endo-beta-glucuronidase, the only enzyme in mammals capable of cleaving heparan sulfate/heparin chains from proteoglycans. The oligosaccharides generated by heparanase present extensive biological functions since such oligosaccharides interact with adhesion molecules, growth factors, angiogenic factors and cytokines, modulating cell proliferation, migration, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. However, the regulation of heparanase activity is not fully understood. It is known that heparanase is synthesized as an inactive 65 kDa isoform and that post-translation processing forms an active 50 kDa enzyme. In the present study, we are interested in investigating whether heparanase is regulated by its own substrate as observed with many other enzymes. Wild-type Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griséus) ovary cells (CHO-K1) were treated with different doses of heparin. Heparanase expression was analyzed by Real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Also, heparanase activity was measured. The heparanase activity assay was performed using a coated plate with biotinylated heparan sulfate. In the present assay, a competitive heparin inhibition scenario was set aside. Exogenous heparin trigged a cell signaling pathway that increased heparanase mRNA and protein levels. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, judged by TCF-driven luciferase activity, seems to be involved to enhance heparanase profile during treatment with exogenous heparin. Lithium chloride treatment, an activator of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, confirmed such mechanism of transduction in vivo using zebrafish embryos and in vitro using CHO-K1 cells. Taken together the results suggest that heparin modulates heparanase expression by Wnt/beta-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mucciolo Melo
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, 4a. andar, Biologia Molecular, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Avenida Príncipe de Gales, 821, Bioquímica, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil
| | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, 4a. andar, Biologia Molecular, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Giselle Zenker Justo
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, 4a. andar, Biologia Molecular, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, no. 275 - Jd. Eldorado, Diadema, SP, CEP: 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Silva Pinhal
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, 4a. andar, Biologia Molecular, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Avenida Príncipe de Gales, 821, Bioquímica, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil.
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Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Signaling in Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186588. [PMID: 32916872 PMCID: PMC7554799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans (HSPGs) have been an intriguing subject of study for their complex structural characteristics, their finely regulated biosynthetic machinery, and the wide range of functions they perform in living organisms from development to adulthood. From these studies, key roles of HSPGs in tumor initiation and progression have emerged, so that they are currently being explored as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancers. The multifaceted nature of HSPG structure/activity translates in their capacity to act either as inhibitors or promoters of tumor growth and invasion depending on the tumor type. Deregulation of HSPGs resulting in malignancy may be due to either their abnormal expression levels or changes in their structure and functions as a result of the altered activity of their biosynthetic or remodeling enzymes. Indeed, in the tumor microenvironment, HSPGs undergo structural alterations, through the shedding of proteoglycan ectodomain from the cell surface or the fragmentation and/or desulfation of HS chains, affecting HSPG function with significant impact on the molecular interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment, and tumor cell behavior. Here, we overview the structural and functional features of HSPGs and their signaling in the tumor environment which contributes to tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
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Receptor tyrosine kinases and heparan sulfate proteoglycans: Interplay providing anticancer targeting strategies and new therapeutic opportunities. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fu K, Bai Z, Chen L, Ye W, Wang M, Hu J, Liu C, Zhou W. Antitumor activity and structure-activity relationship of heparanase inhibitors: Recent advances. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 193:112221. [PMID: 32222663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE)-directed tumor progression plays a crucial role in mediating tumor-host crosstalk and priming the tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor growth, metastasis and chemo-resistance. HPSE-mediated breakdown of structural heparan sulfate (HS) networks in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membranes (BM) directly facilitates tumor growth and metastasis. Lysosome HPSE also induces multi-drug resistance via enhanced autophagy. Therefore, HPSE inhibitors development has become an attractive topic to block tumor growth and metastasis or eliminate drug resistance. In this review, we summarize HPSE inhibitors applied experimentally and clinically according to interaction with the binding sites of HPSE and participation of growth factors. The antitumor activity and structure-activity relationship (SAR) are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaishuo Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhifeng Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenchong Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Meizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiliang Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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The Challenge of Modulating Heparan Sulfate Turnover by Multitarget Heparin Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020390. [PMID: 31963505 PMCID: PMC7024324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review comes as a part of the special issue "Emerging frontiers in GAGs and mimetics". Our interest is in the manipulation of heparan sulfate (HS) turnover by employing HS mimetics/heparin derivatives that exert pleiotropic effects and are interesting for interfering at multiple levels with pathways in which HS is implicated. Due to the important role of heparanase in HS post-biosynthetic modification and catabolism, we focus on the possibility to target heparanase, at both extracellular and intracellular levels, a strategy that can be applied to many conditions, from inflammation to cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Roneparstat: Development, Preclinical and Clinical Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:523-538. [PMID: 32274725 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A growing interest around heparanase and its role in cancer, inflammation and other diseases prompted the identification of specific inhibitors of this enzyme and the exploration of their potential therapeutic role. Roneparstat, a 15-25 kDa N-acetylated and glycol split heparin, is one of the most potent and widely studied heparanase inhibitors. These studies generated a large body of data, which allowed to characterize Roneparstat properties and to endorse its potential therapeutic role. Multiple Myeloma represents the indication that most of the studies, including the phase I clinical trial, addressed. However, Roneparstat antitumor activity activity has been documented in other cancers, and in non-oncological conditions.In addition, assessing Roneparstat activity in different experimental models contributed to understanding heparanase role and the biological factors that may be affected by heparanase inhibition in more detail. Finally, some studies elucidated the molecular mechanisms regulating the enzyme-inhibitor kinetics, thus providing important data for the identification and design of new inhibitors.The objective of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the most significant studies involving Roneparstat and discuss its potential role in therapy.
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Heparanase: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Sarcomas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:405-431. [PMID: 32274719 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas comprise a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies of mesenchymal origin including more than 70 subtypes. They may arise in muscle, bone, cartilage and other connective tissues. Their high histological and genetic heterogeneity makes diagnosis and treatment very challenging. Deregulation of heparanase has been found in several sarcoma subtypes and high expression levels have been correlated with poor prognosis in Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma. Altered expression of specific heparan sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzymes has also been observed. Advances in molecular pathogenesis of sarcomas have evidenced the critical role of several heparan sulfate binding growth factors and receptor tyrosine kinases, highly interconnected with the microenvironment, in sustaining tumor growth and progression. Interference with heparanase/heparan sulfate functions represents a potential therapeutic approach in sarcoma. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge about the biological significance of heparanase expression and its potential as a therapeutic target in subtypes of both soft tissue and bone sarcomas. Particular emphasis is given to the involvement of heparan sulfate proteoglycans and their synthesizing and modifying enzymes in bone physiology and disorders leading up to the pathobiology of bone sarcomas. The chapter also describes the cooperation between exostin loss-of-function and heparanase upregulation in hereditary Multiple Osteochondroma syndrome as a paradigmatic example of constitutive alteration of the heparanase/heparan sulfate proteoglycan system which may contribute to progression to malignant secondary chondrosarcoma. Preclinical evidence of the role of heparanase as a promising therapeutic target in various sarcoma subtypes is finally resumed.
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He QL, Qin SY, Tao L, Ning HJ, Jiang HX. Prognostic value and prospective molecular mechanism of miR-100-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma: A comprehensive study based on 1,258 samples. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6126-6142. [PMID: 31788087 PMCID: PMC6865135 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value and molecular mechanism of microRNA-100-5p (miR-100-5p) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still unclear. To explore the prognostic value and the mechanism of miR-100-5p in HCC, the present study analyzed the results of 18 previous studies and bioinformatic datasets. The clinical significance of miR-100-5p and its targets in HCC were investigated using The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus, as well as relevant literature. In total, 12 online tools were used to predict the target genes of miR-100-5p. Bioinformatics analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were performed, and genomic alterations of the hub genes were evaluated. A meta-analysis with 1,258 samples revealed that miR-100-5p was significantly downregulated in HCC [standard mean difference (SMD), -0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), -1.14 to -0.74; I2, 35.2%]. Lower miR-100-5p expression was associated with poorer clinical characteristics and a poorer prognosis for patients with HCC. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis revealed that the 'regulation of transcription', 'chromatin remodeling complex', 'transcription regulator activity', 'pathways in cancer' and 'heparan sulfate biosynthesis' were the most enriched terms. Furthermore, expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC)2, HDAC3, SHC-transforming protein 1 (SHC1), Ras-related protein Rac1 (RAC1) and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL (CBL) was negatively correlated with miR-100-5p expression. Among these, upregulated HDAC2 [hazard ratio (HR), 1.910; 95% CI, 1.309-2.787; P=0.0007], HDAC3 (HR, 1.474; 95% CI, 1.012-2.146; P=0.0435), SHC1 (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.043-2.215; P=0.0281) and RAC1 (HR, 1.817; 95% CI, 1.248-2.645; P=0.0022) were associated with shorter survival. Alterations in HDAC2, SHC1, RAC1 and IGF1R were linked with a poorer outcome for HCC, and alternative splicing of SHC and RAC1 were significantly decreased and increased in HCC, respectively. In summary, the downregulation of miR-100-5p may be involved in the progression and prognosis of HCC. The upregulation of HDAC2, HDAC3, SHC1 and RAC1 may indicate a poorer survival rate for patients with HCC. Thus, miR-100-5p and these 4 potential target genes may provide novel therapeutic targets and prognostic predictors for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Yu Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Jian Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Xing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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Ortiz MV, Roberts SS, Glade Bender J, Shukla N, Wexler LH. Immunotherapeutic Targeting of GPC3 in Pediatric Solid Embryonal Tumors. Front Oncol 2019; 9:108. [PMID: 30873384 PMCID: PMC6401603 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glypican 3 (GPC3) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan and cell surface oncofetal protein which is highly expressed on a variety of pediatric solid embryonal tumors including the majority of hepatoblastomas, Wilms tumors, rhabdoid tumors, certain germ cell tumor subtypes, and a minority of rhabdomyosarcomas. Via both its core protein and heparan sulfate side chains, GPC3 activates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is frequently overexpressed in these malignancies. Loss of function mutations in GPC3 lead to Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome, an X-linked overgrowth condition with a predisposition to GPC3-expressing cancers including hepatoblastoma and Wilms tumor. There are several immunotherapeutic approaches to targeting GPC3, including vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, cytolytic T lymphocytes, and CAR T cells. These therapies offer a potentially novel means to target these pediatric solid embryonal tumors. A key pediatric-specific consideration of GPC3-targeted immunotherapeutics is that GPC3 can be physiologically expressed in normal tissues during the first year of life, particularly in the liver and kidney. In summary, this article reviews the current evidence for targeting childhood cancers with GPC3-directed immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephen S Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julia Glade Bender
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Neerav Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leonard H Wexler
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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Yoon JH, Kim D, Kim J, Lee H, Ghim J, Kang BJ, Song P, Suh PG, Ryu SH, Lee TG. NOTUM Is Involved in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:485-497. [PMID: 30343282 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limitations to current colorectal cancer (CRC)-specific diagnostic methods and therapies. Tumorigenesis proceeds because of interaction between cancer cells and various surrounding cells; discovering new molecular mediators through studies of the CRC secretome is a promising approach for the development of CRC diagnostics and therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comparative secretomic analysis was performed using primary and metastatic human isogenic CRC cells. Proliferation was determined by MTT and thymidine incorporation assay, migration was determined by wound-healing assay (ELISA). The level of palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase (NOTUM) in plasma from patients with CRC was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS NOTUM expression was increased in metastatic cells. Proliferation was suppressed by inhibiting expression of NOTUM. Knockdown of NOTUM genes inhibited proliferation as well as migration, with possible involvement of p38 and c-JUN N-terminal kinase in this process. The result was verified in patients with CRC. CONCLUSION NOTUM may be a new candidate for diagnostics and therapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayea Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.,NovaCell Technology, Inc., Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongjoo Lee
- NovaCell Technology, Inc., Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewang Ghim
- NovaCell Technology, Inc., Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jun Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Parkyong Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehoon G Lee
- NovaCell Technology, Inc., Pohang, Republic of Korea
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14
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Small molecules as inhibitors of PCSK9: Current status and future challenges. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:212-233. [PMID: 30448414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays an important role in regulating lipoprotein metabolism by binding to low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs), leading to their degradation. LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering drugs that operate through the inhibition of PCSK9 are being pursued for the management of hypercholesterolemia and reducing its associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Two PCSK9-blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), alirocumab and evolocumab, were approved in 2015. However, the high costs of PCSK9 antibody drugs impede their prior authorization practices and reduce their long-term adherence. Given the potential of small-molecule drugs, the development of small-molecule PCSK9 inhibitors has attracted considerable attention. This article provides an overview of the recent development of small-molecule PCSK9 inhibitors disclosed in the literature and patent applications, and different approaches that have been pursued to modulate the functional activity of PCSK9 using small molecules are described. Challenges and potential strategies in developing small-molecule PCSK9 inhibitors are also discussed.
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15
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Lanzi C, Cassinelli G. Heparan Sulfate Mimetics in Cancer Therapy: The Challenge to Define Structural Determinants and the Relevance of Targets for Optimal Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:E2915. [PMID: 30413079 PMCID: PMC6278363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond anticoagulation, the therapeutic potential of heparin derivatives and heparan sulfate (HS) mimetics (functionally defined HS mimetics) in oncology is related to their ability to bind and modulate the function of a vast array of HS-binding proteins with pivotal roles in cancer growth and progression. The definition of structural/functional determinants and the introduction of chemical modifications enabled heparin derivatives to be identified with greatly reduced or absent anticoagulant activity, but conserved/enhanced anticancer activity. These studies paved the way for the disclosure of structural requirements for the inhibitory effects of HS mimetics on heparanase, selectins, and growth factor receptor signaling, as well as for the limitation of side effects. Actually, HS mimetics affect the tumor biological behavior via a multi-target mechanism of action based on their effects on tumor cells and various components of the tumor microenvironment. Emerging evidence indicates that immunomodulation can participate in the antitumor activity of these agents. Significant ability to enhance the antitumor effects of combination treatments with standard therapies was shown in several tumor models. While the first HS mimetics are undergoing early clinical evaluation, an improved understanding of the molecular contexts favoring the antitumor action in certain malignancies or subgroups is needed to fully exploit their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Lanzi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Cassinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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16
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Demystifying the pH dependent conformational changes of human heparanase pertaining to structure–function relationships: an in silico approach. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2018; 32:821-840. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-018-0131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Li N, Jie MM, Yang M, Tang L, Chen SY, Sun XM, Tang B, Yang SM. Magnetic Gold Nanoparticle-Labeled Heparanase Monoclonal Antibody and its Subsequent Application for Tumor Magnetic Resonance Imaging. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:106. [PMID: 29671088 PMCID: PMC5906410 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPA) is ubiquitously expressed in various metastatic malignant tumors; previous studies have demonstrated that HPA was a potential tumor-associated antigen (TAA) for tumor immunotherapy. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of HPA as a common TAA for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tumor metastasis and its potential application in tumor molecular imaging. We prepared a targeted probe based on magnetic gold nanoparticles coupled with an anti-HPA antibody for the specific detection of HPA by MRI. The specificity of the targeted probe was validated in vitro by incubation of the probe with various tumor cells, and the probe was able to selectively detect HPA (+) cells. We found the probes displayed significantly reduced signal intensity in several tumor cells, and the signal intensity decreased significantly after the targeted probe was injected in tumor-bearing nude mice. In the study, we demonstrated that the HPA&GoldMag probe had excellent physical and chemical properties and immune activities and could specifically target many tumor cell tissues both in vitro and in vivo. This may provide an experimental base for molecular imaging of tumor highly expressing heparanase using HPA mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400030 China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Meng-Meng Jie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400030 China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400030 China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400030 China
| | - Si-Yuan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400030 China
| | - Xue-Mei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400030 China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400030 China
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400030 China
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18
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Ferrer VP, Moura Neto V, Mentlein R. Glioma infiltration and extracellular matrix: key players and modulators. Glia 2018; 66:1542-1565. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rolf Mentlein
- Department of Anatomy; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
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19
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Luo Q, Ning P, Zheng Y, Shang Y, Zhou B, Gao Z. Serum suPAR and syndecan-4 levels predict severity of community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective, multi-centre study. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2018; 22:15. [PMID: 29368632 PMCID: PMC5784729 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-1943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of death worldwide and occurs with variable severity. There are few studies focused on the expression of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and syndecan-4 in patients with CAP. Methods A prospective, multi-centre study was conducted between January 2014 and December 2016. A total of 103 patients with severe CAP (SCAP), 149 patients with non-SCAP, and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled. Clinical data were recorded for all enrolled patients. Serum suPAR and syndecan-4 levels were determined by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The t test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare between two groups; one-way analysis of variance and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used to compare multiple groups. Correlations were assessed using Pearson and Spearman tests. Area under the curve (AUCs), optimal threshold values, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Survival curves were constructed and compared by log-rank test. Regression analyses assessed the effect of multiple variables on 30-day survival. Results suPAR levels increased in all patients with CAP, especially in severe cases. Syndecan-4 levels decreased in patients with CAP, especially in non-survivors. suPAR and syndecan-4 levels were positively and negatively correlated with severity scores, respectively. suPAR exhibited high accuracy in predicting SCAP among patients with CAP with an AUC of 0.835 (p < 0.001). In contrast, syndecan-4 exhibited poor diagnostic value for predicting SCAP (AUC 0.550, p = 0.187). The AUC for predicting mortality in patients with SCAP was 0.772 and 0.744 for suPAR and syndecan-4, respectively; the respective prediction threshold values were 10.22 ng/mL and 6.68 ng/mL. Addition of both suPAR and syndecan-4 to the Pneumonia Severity Index significantly improved their prognostic accuracy, with an AUC of 0.885. Regression analysis showed that suPAR ≥10.22 ng/mL and syndecan-4 ≤ 6.68 ng/mL were reliable independent markers for prediction of 30-day survival. Conclusion suPAR exhibits high accuracy for both diagnosis and prognosis of SCAP. Syndecan-4 can reliably predict mortality in patients with SCAP. Addition of both suPAR and syndecan-4 to a clinical scoring method could improve prognostic accuracy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03093220. Registered on 28 March 2017 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongzhen Luo
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Ning
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Zheng
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shang
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Cassinelli G, Dal Bo L, Favini E, Cominetti D, Pozzi S, Tortoreto M, De Cesare M, Lecis D, Scanziani E, Minoli L, Naggi A, Vlodavsky I, Zaffaroni N, Lanzi C. Supersulfated low-molecular weight heparin synergizes with IGF1R/IR inhibitor to suppress synovial sarcoma growth and metastases. Cancer Lett 2017; 415:187-197. [PMID: 29225052 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive tumor with propensity for lung metastases which significantly impact patients' prognosis. New therapeutic approaches are needed to improve treatment outcome. Targeting the heparanase/heparan sulfate proteoglycan system by heparin derivatives which act as heparanase inhibitors/heparan sulfate mimetics is emerging as a therapeutic approach that can sensitize the tumor response to chemotherapy. We investigated the therapeutic potential of a supersulfated low molecular weight heparin (ssLMWH) in preclinical models of SS. ssLMWH showed a potent anti-heparanase activity, dose-dependently inhibited SS colony growth and cell invasion, and downregulated the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases including IGF1R and IR. The combination of ssLMWH and the IGF1R/IR inhibitor BMS754807 synergistically inhibited proliferation of cells exhibiting IGF1R hyperactivation, also abrogating cell motility and promoting apoptosis in association with PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition. The drug combination strongly enhanced the antitumor effect against the CME-1 model, as compared to single agent treatment, abrogating orthotopic tumor growth and significantly repressing spontaneous lung metastatic dissemination in treated mice. These findings provide a strong preclinical rationale for developing drug regimens combining heparanase inhibitors/HS mimetics with IGF1R antagonists for treatment of metastatic SS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Glucuronidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glucuronidase/metabolism
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/administration & dosage
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/metabolism
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/pharmacology
- Humans
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Pyrazoles/administration & dosage
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Receptor, IGF Type 1
- Receptors, Somatomedin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Somatomedin/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Synovial/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Synovial/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Synovial/pathology
- Sulfates
- Triazines/administration & dosage
- Triazines/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cassinelli
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Dal Bo
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Favini
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Denis Cominetti
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tortoreto
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michelandrea De Cesare
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Lecis
- Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Naggi
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lanzi
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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21
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Emerging Roles of Heparanase in Viral Pathogenesis. Pathogens 2017; 6:pathogens6030043. [PMID: 28927006 PMCID: PMC5618000 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is ubiquitously expressed on mammalian cells. It is a polysaccharide that binds growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, and thereby controls several important physiological functions. Ironically, many human pathogens including viruses interact with it for adherence to host cells. HS functions can be regulated by selective modifications and/or selective cleavage of the sugar chains from the cell surface. In mammals, heparanase (HPSE) is the only known enzyme capable of regulating HS functions via a selective endoglycosidase activity that cleaves polymeric HS chains at internal sites. During homeostasis, HPSE expression and its endoglycosidase activity are tightly regulated; however, under stress conditions, including infection, its expression may be upregulated, which could contribute directly to the onset of several disease pathologies. Here we focus on viral infections exemplified by herpes simplex virus, dengue virus, human papillomavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, hepatitis C virus, and porcine respiratory and reproductive syncytial virus to summarize recent advances in understanding the highly significant, but emerging roles, of the enzyme HPSE in viral infection, spread and pathogenesis.
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22
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Song JW, Tan YX, Li SB, Zhang SK, Wan LM, Ji SP, Zhou H, Zhou ZH, Gong F. Gemcitabine-induced heparanase promotes aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer cells via activating EGFR signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58417-58429. [PMID: 28938567 PMCID: PMC5601663 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC), characterized by aggressive local invasion and metastasis, is one of the most malignant cancers. Gemcitabine is currently used as the standard drug for the treatment of advanced and metastatic PC, but with limited efficacy. In this study, we demonstrated that gemcitabine increased the expression of heparanase (HPA1), the only known mammalian endoglycosidase capable of cleaving heparan sulfate, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, overexpression of HPA1 in PC cell lines enhanced proliferation and invasion, accompanied with elevated phosphorylation of EGFR. In addition, we showed that the NF-κB pathway mediated the gemcitabine-induced HPA1 expression. Importantly, we found that an HPA1 inhibitor attenuated gemcitabine-induced invasion of PC cells. Finally, we showed that HPA1 was of negative prognostic value for PC patients. Taken together, our results demonstrated that gemcitabine-induced HPA1 promotes proliferation and invasion of PC cells through activating EGFR, implying that HPA1 may serve as promising therapeutic target in the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wen Song
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Xia Tan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Bo Li
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Kun Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Ming Wan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Ping Ji
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Blood Products and Substitutes, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gong
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
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