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Xie C, Chan L, Pang Y, Shang Y, Cao W, Tuohan M, Deng Q, Wang Y, Zhao L, Wang W. Caffeic acid inhibits the tumorigenicity of triple-negative breast cancer cells through the FOXO1/FIS pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117158. [PMID: 39042963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) still one of the most challenging sub-type in breast cancer clinical. Caffeic acid (CA) derived from effective components of traditional Chinese herbal medicine has been show potential against TNBCs. Our research has found that CA can inhibit the proliferation of TNBC cells while also suppressing the size of cancer stem cell spheres. Additionally, it reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. Simultaneously, CA influences the stemness of TNBC cells by reducing the expression of the stem cell marker protein CD44. Furthermore, we have observed that CA can modulate the FOXO1/FIS signaling pathway, disrupting mitochondrial function, inducing mitochondrial autophagy, and exerting anti-tumor activity. Additionally, changes in the immune microenvironment were detected using a mass cytometer, we found that CA can induce M1 polarization of macrophages, enhancing anti-tumor immune responses to exert anti-tumor activity. In summary, CA can be considered as a lead compound for further research in targeting TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chufei Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4, Dongqing Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liujia Chan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, 10, Xitoutiao, Right Anmen West, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuheng Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Yuefeng Shang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Weifang Cao
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 5, Third Dongdan Alley, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Marmar Tuohan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, 10, Xitoutiao, Right Anmen West, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qian Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, 10, Xitoutiao, Right Anmen West, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, 10, Xitoutiao, Right Anmen West, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lichun Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4, Dongqing Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China; Science Experimental Center, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 13, Wuhe Avenue, Qingxiu District, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8, Xitoutiao, Right Anmen West, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
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2
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Yang D, Zhang P, Yang Z, Hou G, Yang Z. miR-4461 inhibits liver cancer stem cells expansion and chemoresistance via regulating SIRT1. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:463-474. [PMID: 36437743 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were involved in tumorigenesis, progression, recurrence and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, few miRNAs have been identified and entered clinical practice. We show here that miR-4461 expression is reduced in liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) and predicts the poor prognosis of HCC patients. Knockdown of miR-4461 enhances the self-renewal and tumorigenicity of liver CSCs. Conversely, forced miR-4461 expression inhibits liver CSCs self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Mechanically, miR-4461 directly targets sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) via binding to its 3' untranslated region in liver CSCs. The correlation of miR-4461 and SIRT1 was confirmed in human HCC patients' tissues. Additionally, we found that miR-4461 overexpression hepatoma cells are more sensitive to cisplatin treatment. Patient-derived xenografts also showed that miR-4461 high HCC xenografts are sensitive to cisplatin treatment. Clinical cohort analysis further confirmed that HCC patients with high miR-4461 benefited more from transcatheter arterial chemoembolization treatment. In conclusion, our findings revealed the crucial role of miR-4461 in liver CSCs expansion and cisplatin response, rendering miR-4461 as an optimal target for the prevention and intervention of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daji Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ziting Yang
- Department of Emergency, The 964th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changchun, China
| | - Guojun Hou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ziyu Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
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3
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Zhao X, Luo T, Qiu Y, Yang Z, Wang D, Wang Z, Zeng J, Bi Z. Mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine overcoming of radiotherapy resistance in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1388750. [PMID: 38993643 PMCID: PMC11237312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1388750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent malignancy among women, with radiotherapy serving as a primary treatment modality. Despite radiotherapy, a subset of breast cancer patients experiences local recurrence, attributed to the intrinsic resistance of tumors to radiation. Therefore, there is a compelling need to explore novel approaches that can enhance cytotoxic effects through alternative mechanisms. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its active constituents exhibit diverse pharmacological actions, including anti-tumor effects, offering extensive possibilities to identify effective components capable of overcoming radiotherapy resistance. This review delineates the mechanisms underlying radiotherapy resistance in breast cancer, along with potential candidate Chinese herbal medicines that may sensitize breast cancer cells to radiotherapy. The exploration of such herbal interventions holds promise for improving therapeutic outcomes in the context of breast cancer radiotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Shenshan Medical Centre, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shanwei, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Department of Oncology, Shenshan Medical Centre, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shanwei, China
| | - Yuting Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Shenshan Medical Centre, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shanwei, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danni Wang
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zairui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuofei Bi
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Rahman MA, Apu EH, Rakib-Uz-Zaman SM, Chakraborti S, Bhajan SK, Taleb SA, Shaikh MH, Jalouli M, Harrath AH, Kim B. Exploring Importance and Regulation of Autophagy in Cancer Stem Cells and Stem Cell-Based Therapies. Cells 2024; 13:958. [PMID: 38891090 PMCID: PMC11171866 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a globally conserved cellular activity that plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis through the breakdown and recycling of cellular constituents. In recent years, there has been much emphasis given to its complex role in cancer stem cells (CSCs) and stem cell treatment. This study examines the molecular processes that support autophagy and how it is regulated in the context of CSCs and stem cell treatment. Although autophagy plays a dual role in the management of CSCs, affecting their removal as well as their maintenance, the intricate interaction between the several signaling channels that control cellular survival and death as part of the molecular mechanism of autophagy has not been well elucidated. Given that CSCs have a role in the development, progression, and resistance to treatment of tumors, it is imperative to comprehend their biological activities. CSCs are important for cancer biology because they also show a tissue regeneration model that helps with organoid regeneration. In other words, the manipulation of autophagy is a viable therapeutic approach in the treatment of cancer and stem cell therapy. Both synthetic and natural substances that target autophagy pathways have demonstrated promise in improving stem cell-based therapies and eliminating CSCs. Nevertheless, there are difficulties associated with the limitations of autophagy in CSC regulation, including resistance mechanisms and off-target effects. Thus, the regulation of autophagy offers a versatile strategy for focusing on CSCs and enhancing the results of stem cell therapy. Therefore, understanding the complex interactions between autophagy and CSC biology would be essential for creating therapeutic treatments that work in both regenerative medicine and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Global Biotechnology and Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA;
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - S. M Rakib-Uz-Zaman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (S.M.R.-U.-Z.); (S.C.)
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Somdeepa Chakraborti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (S.M.R.-U.-Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Sujay Kumar Bhajan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh;
| | - Shakila Afroz Taleb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Mushfiq H. Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada;
| | - Maroua Jalouli
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1-5 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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5
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Dowaidar M. Guidelines for the role of autophagy in drug delivery vectors uptake pathways. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30238. [PMID: 38707383 PMCID: PMC11066435 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of autophagy refers to the intracellular absorption of cytoplasm (such as proteins, nucleic acids, tiny molecules, complete organelles, and so on) into the lysosome, followed by the breakdown of that cytoplasm. The majority of cellular proteins are degraded by a process called autophagy, which is both a naturally occurring activity and one that may be induced by cellular stress. Autophagy is a system that can save cells' integrity in stressful situations by restoring metabolic basics and getting rid of subcellular junk. This happens as a component of an endurance response. This mechanism may have an effect on disease, in addition to its contribution to the homeostasis of individual cells and tissues as well as the control of development in higher species. The main aim of this study is to discuss the guidelines for the role of autophagy in drug delivery vector uptake pathways. In this paper, we discuss the meaning and concept of autophagy, the mechanism of autophagy, the role of autophagy in drug delivery vectors, autophagy-modulating drugs, nanostructures for delivery systems of autophagy modulators, etc. Later in this paper, we talk about how to deliver chemotherapeutics, siRNA, and autophagy inducers and inhibitors. We also talk about how hard it is to make a drug delivery system that takes nanocarriers' roles as autophagy modulators into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Dowaidar
- Bioengineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Biosystems and Machines Research Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Lee JY, Bhandare RR, Boddu SHS, Shaik AB, Saktivel LP, Gupta G, Negi P, Barakat M, Singh SK, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumour suppressor genes in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116275. [PMID: 38394846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour suppressor genes play a cardinal role in the development of a large array of human cancers, including lung cancer, which is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Therefore, extensive studies have been committed to deciphering the underlying mechanisms of alterations of tumour suppressor genes in governing tumourigenesis, as well as resistance to cancer therapies. In spite of the encouraging clinical outcomes demonstrated by lung cancer patients on initial treatment, the subsequent unresponsiveness to first-line treatments manifested by virtually all the patients is inherently a contentious issue. In light of the aforementioned concerns, this review compiles the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of some of the tumour suppressor genes implicated in lung cancer that are either frequently mutated and/or are located on the chromosomal arms having high LOH rates (1p, 3p, 9p, 10q, 13q, and 17p). Our study identifies specific genomic loci prone to LOH, revealing a recurrent pattern in lung cancer cases. These loci, including 3p14.2 (FHIT), 9p21.3 (p16INK4a), 10q23 (PTEN), 17p13 (TP53), exhibit a higher susceptibility to LOH due to environmental factors such as exposure to DNA-damaging agents (carcinogens in cigarette smoke) and genetic factors such as chromosomal instability, genetic mutations, DNA replication errors, and genetic predisposition. Furthermore, this review summarizes the current treatment landscape and advancements for lung cancers, including the challenges and endeavours to overcome it. This review envisages inspired researchers to embark on a journey of discovery to add to the list of what was known in hopes of prompting the development of effective therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yee Lee
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Richie R Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afzal B Shaik
- St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, St. Mary's Group of Institutions Guntur, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Chebrolu, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522212, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
| | - Lakshmana Prabu Saktivel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, PO Box 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman-11937, Jordan
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
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7
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Tiwari M, Srivastava P, Abbas S, Jegatheesan J, Ranjan A, Sharma S, Maurya VP, Saxena AK, Sharma LK. Emerging Role of Autophagy in Governing Cellular Dormancy, Metabolic Functions, and Therapeutic Responses of Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:447. [PMID: 38474411 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors are composed of heterogeneous populations of dysregulated cells that grow in specialized niches that support their growth and maintain their properties. Tumor heterogeneity and metastasis are among the major hindrances that exist while treating cancer patients, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Although the factors that determine tumor complexity remain largely unknown, several genotypic and phenotypic changes, including DNA mutations and metabolic reprograming provide cancer cells with a survival advantage over host cells and resistance to therapeutics. Furthermore, the presence of a specific population of cells within the tumor mass, commonly known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), is thought to initiate tumor formation, maintenance, resistance, and recurrence. Therefore, these CSCs have been investigated in detail recently as potential targets to treat cancer and prevent recurrence. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in CSC proliferation, self-renewal, and dormancy may provide important clues for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Autophagy, a catabolic process, has long been recognized to regulate various physiological and pathological processes. In addition to regulating cancer cells, recent studies have identified a critical role for autophagy in regulating CSC functions. Autophagy is activated under various adverse conditions and promotes cellular maintenance, survival, and even cell death. Thus, it is intriguing to address whether autophagy promotes or inhibits CSC functions and whether autophagy modulation can be used to regulate CSC functions, either alone or in combination. This review describes the roles of autophagy in the regulation of metabolic functions, proliferation and quiescence of CSCs, and its role during therapeutic stress. The review further highlights the autophagy-associated pathways that could be used to regulate CSCs. Overall, the present review will help to rationalize various translational approaches that involve autophagy-mediated modulation of CSCs in controlling cancer progression, metastasis, and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna 801507, India
| | - Pransu Srivastava
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Sabiya Abbas
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Janani Jegatheesan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna 801507, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna 801507, India
| | - Sadhana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna 801507, India
| | - Ved Prakash Maurya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Saxena
- Department of Pathology/Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna 801507, India
| | - Lokendra Kumar Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow 226014, India
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8
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Strippoli R, Niayesh-Mehr R, Adelipour M, Khosravi A, Cordani M, Zarrabi A, Allameh A. Contribution of Autophagy to Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Induction during Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:807. [PMID: 38398197 PMCID: PMC10886827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a dedifferentiation process implicated in many physio-pathological conditions including tumor transformation. EMT is regulated by several extracellular mediators and under certain conditions it can be reversible. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process in which intracellular components such as protein/DNA aggregates and abnormal organelles are degraded in specific lysosomes. In cancer, autophagy plays a controversial role, acting in different conditions as both a tumor suppressor and a tumor-promoting mechanism. Experimental evidence shows that deep interrelations exist between EMT and autophagy-related pathways. Although this interplay has already been analyzed in previous studies, understanding mechanisms and the translational implications of autophagy/EMT need further study. The role of autophagy in EMT is not limited to morphological changes, but activation of autophagy could be important to DNA repair/damage system, cell adhesion molecules, and cell proliferation and differentiation processes. Based on this, both autophagy and EMT and related pathways are now considered as targets for cancer therapy. In this review article, the contribution of autophagy to EMT and progression of cancer is discussed. This article also describes the multiple connections between EMT and autophagy and their implication in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, I.R.C.C.S., 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Reyhaneh Niayesh-Mehr
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-331, Iran;
| | - Maryam Adelipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran;
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul 34959, Türkiye;
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Türkiye;
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Abdolamir Allameh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-331, Iran;
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9
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Bednarczyk M, Muc-Wierzgoń M, Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak S, Waniczek D. Relationship between the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Autophagy in Colorectal Cancer Tissue. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3011. [PMID: 38002011 PMCID: PMC10669458 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the autophagy process via ubiquitin is associated with the occurrence of a number of diseases, including cancer. The present study analyzed the changes in the transcriptional activity of autophagy-related genes and the ubiquitination process (UPS) in colorectal cancer tissue. (2) Methods: The process of measuring the transcriptional activity of autophagy-related genes was analyzed by comparing colorectal cancer samples from four clinical stages I-IV (CS I-IV) of adenocarcinoma to the control (C). The transcriptional activity of genes associated with the UPS pathway was determined via the microarray technique (HG-U133A, Affymetrix). (3) Results: Of the selected genes, only PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) indicated statistical significance for all groups of colon cancer tissue transcriptome compared to the control. The transcriptional activity of the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene increased in all stages of the cancer, but the p-value was only less than 0.05 in CSIV vs. C. Forkhead box O1 (FOXO 1) and ubiquitin B (UBB) are statistically overexpressed in CSI. (4) Conclusions: The pathological expression changes in the studied proteins observed especially in the early stages of colorectal cancer suggest that the dysregulation of ubiquitination and autophagy processes occur during early neoplastic transformation. Stopping or slowing down the processes of removal of damaged proteins and their accumulation may contribute to tumor progression and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Bednarczyk
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | | | - Dariusz Waniczek
- Department of Surgical Nursing and Propaedeutics of Surgery, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
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10
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Olmedo I, Martínez D, Carrasco-Rojas J, Jara JA. Mitochondria in oral cancer stem cells: Unraveling the potential drug targets for new and old drugs. Life Sci 2023; 331:122065. [PMID: 37659591 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a major health problem worldwide, with most cases arising in the oral cavity. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer, accounting for over 90% of all cases. Compared to other types of cancer, OSCC, has the worse prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 50%. Additionally, OSCC is characterized by a high rate of resistance to chemotherapy treatment, which may be partly explained by the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) subpopulation. CSC can adapt to harmful environmental condition and are highly resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments, thus contributing to tumor relapse. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of mitochondria in oral CSC as a potential target for oral cancer treatment. For this purpose, we reviewed some fundamental aspects of the most validated protein markers of stemness, autophagy, the mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in oral CSC. Moreover, a discussion will be made on why energy metabolism, especially oxidative phosphorylation in CSC, may offer such a diverse source of original pharmacological target for new drugs. Finally, we will describe some drugs able to disturb mitochondrial function, with emphasis on those aimed to interrupt the electron transport chain function, as novel therapeutic strategies in multidrug-resistant oral CSC. The reutilization of old drugs approved for clinical use as new antineoplastics, in cancer treatment, is also matter of revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Olmedo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Martínez
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Carrasco-Rojas
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - José A Jara
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Toxicological and Pharmacological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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11
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Khan SU, Rayees S, Sharma P, Malik F. Targeting redox regulation and autophagy systems in cancer stem cells. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1405-1423. [PMID: 36473988 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a dysregulated cellular level pathological condition that results in tumor formation followed by metastasis. In the heterogeneous tumor architecture, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are essential to push forward the progression of tumors due to their strong pro-tumor properties such as stemness, self-renewal, plasticity, metastasis, and being poorly responsive to radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer stem cells have the ability to withstand various stress pressures by modulating transcriptional and translational mechanisms, and adaptable metabolic changes. Owing to CSCs heterogeneity and plasticity, these cells display varied metabolic and redox profiles across different types of cancers. It has been established that there is a disparity in the levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated in CSCs vs Non-CSC and these differential levels are detected across different tumors. CSCs have unique metabolic demands and are known to change plasticity during metastasis by passing through the interchangeable epithelial and mesenchymal-like phenotypes. During the metastatic process, tumor cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) thus attaining invasive properties while leaving the primary tumor site, similarly during the course of circulation and extravasation at a distant organ, these cells regain their epithelial characteristics through Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition (MET) to initiate micrometastasis. It has been evidenced that levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and associated metabolic activities vary between the epithelial and mesenchymal states of CSCs. Similarly, the levels of oxidative and metabolic states were observed to get altered in CSCs post-drug treatments. As oxidative and metabolic changes guide the onset of autophagy in cells, its role in self-renewal, quiescence, proliferation and response to drug treatment is well established. This review will highlight the molecular mechanisms useful for expanding therapeutic strategies based on modulating redox regulation and autophagy activation to targets. Specifically, we will account for the mounting data that focus on the role of ROS generated by different metabolic pathways and autophagy regulation in eradicating stem-like cells hereafter referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ullah Khan
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, 190005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sheikh Rayees
- PK PD Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, 190005, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, 190005, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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12
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Wu MY, Kao IF, Fu CY, Yen SK. Effects of Adding Chitosan on Drug Entrapment Efficiency and Release Duration for Paclitaxel-Loaded Hydroxyapatite-Gelatin Composite Microspheres. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2025. [PMID: 37631239 PMCID: PMC10459076 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite-gelatin microspheres with cone-like pores were synthesized via the wet-chemical method using ammonium dihydrogen phosphate ((NH4)H2PO4) and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O) as a source of calcium and phosphate ions with the addition of gelatin, which proved to be more osteoconductive than commercial products, such as fibrin glue and Osteoset® Bone Graft Substitute. Following the method of the previous study for loading paclitaxel (PTX), a drug entrapment efficiency of around 58% was achieved, which is much lower than that of the doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded one. Since PTX is hydrophobic while DOX is hydrophilic, the order of chitosan processing and addition of the solvent were tuned in this study, finally leading to an increase in drug entrapment efficiency of 94%. Additionally, the release duration of PTX exceeded six months. The MTT assay indicated that the effect of drug release on the suppression of cancer cells reached more than 40% after one week, thereby showcasing PTX's capacity to carry out its medicinal functions without being affected by the loading procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ying Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-Y.W.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - I-Fang Kao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-Y.W.)
| | - Chien-Yao Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Kang Yen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-Y.W.)
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13
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Wu Y, Song Y, Wang R, Wang T. Molecular mechanisms of tumor resistance to radiotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:96. [PMID: 37322433 PMCID: PMC10268375 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the most prevalent cause of death globally, and radiotherapy is considered the standard of care for most solid tumors, including lung, breast, esophageal, and colorectal cancers and glioblastoma. Resistance to radiation can lead to local treatment failure and even cancer recurrence. MAIN BODY In this review, we have extensively discussed several crucial aspects that cause resistance of cancer to radiation therapy, including radiation-induced DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis escape, abundance of cancer stem cells, modification of cancer cells and their microenvironment, presence of exosomal and non-coding RNA, metabolic reprogramming, and ferroptosis. We aim to focus on the molecular mechanisms of cancer radiotherapy resistance in relation to these aspects and to discuss possible targets to improve treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Studying the molecular mechanisms responsible for radiotherapy resistance and its interactions with the tumor environment will help improve cancer responses to radiotherapy. Our review provides a foundation to identify and overcome the obstacles to effective radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042 Liaoning Province China
- School of Graduate, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 China
| | - Yingqiu Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042 Liaoning Province China
| | - Runze Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042 Liaoning Province China
- School of Graduate, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 China
| | - Tianlu Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042 Liaoning Province China
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 China
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14
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Chen Y, Huang Z, Chen S, Tan L, He L, Yuan D, Zheng L, Zhong JH, Li A, Zhang H, Tan H, Xu L. Immediate early response 3 gene promotes aggressive progression and autophagy of AML by negatively regulating AKT/mTOR. Transl Oncol 2023; 35:101711. [PMID: 37327583 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immediate early response 3 (IER3) plays a vital role in many tumors. This study aims to explore the function and mechanism of IER3 in Acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS The expression of IER3 in AML was performed by bioinformatics analysis. CCK-8 proliferation assay, flow cytometry cycle assay, clone formation assay, and tumorigenic ability were used to investigate the effect of IER3 on AML cells. Unbiased label-free quantitative proteomics and label-free quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis were performed. The regulatory relationship between SATB1(Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1) and IER3 was investigated by Real time-PCR, Western blot, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP), and PCR. RESULTS The result indicated that the prognosis of the high IER3 expression group was significantly worse than that of the low expression group. CCK-8 assay showed that IER3 enhanced the proliferation ability. Cell cycle analysis showed IER3 could promote HL60 cells to enter the S phase of DNA synthesis from the quiescent phase. IER3 could stimulate HEL cells to enter mitosis. Clone-formation experiments suggested that IER3 enhanced clonogenic ability.IER3 promoted the tumorigenesis of AML. Further experimental investigation revealed that IER3 promoted autophagy and induced the occurrence and development of AML by negatively regulating the phosphorylation activation of AKT/mTOR pathway. SATB1 was found to bind to the promoter region of IER3 gene and negatively regulate its transcription. CONCLUSION IER3 could promote the development of AML and induce autophagy of AML cells by negatively regulating the phosphorylation and activation of AKT/mTOR. By the way, SATB1 may negatively target regulates IER3 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Zhenqian Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Shuyi Chen
- Department of Hematology, First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Linnan North Road, Chancheng, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Lang He
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Danyun Yuan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Lixia Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Jing Hua Zhong
- The First Clinical Academy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical, University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Anqiao Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Huo Tan
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical, University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
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15
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Fernandes AS, Oliveira C, Reis RL, Martins A, Silva TH. Marine-Inspired Drugs and Biomaterials in the Perspective of Pancreatic Cancer Therapies. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:689. [PMID: 36355012 PMCID: PMC9698933 DOI: 10.3390/md20110689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite its low prevalence, pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest, typically characterised as silent in early stages and with a dramatically poor prognosis when in its advanced stages, commonly associated with a high degree of metastasis. Many efforts have been made in pursuing innovative therapeutical approaches, from the search for new cytotoxic drugs and other bioactive compounds, to the development of more targeted approaches, including improved drug delivery devices. Marine biotechnology has been contributing to this quest by providing new chemical leads and materials originating from different organisms. In this review, marine biodiscovery for PC is addressed, particularly regarding marine invertebrates (namely sponges, molluscs, and bryozoans), seaweeds, fungi, and bacteria. In addition, the development of biomaterials based on marine-originating compounds, particularly chitosan, fucoidan, and alginate, for the production of advanced cancer therapies, is also discussed. The key role that drug delivery can play in new cancer treatments is highlighted, as therapeutical outcomes need to be improved to give further hope to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S. Fernandes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Albino Martins
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago H. Silva
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
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16
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Polyethylenimine, an Autophagy-Inducing Platinum-Carbene-Based Drug Carrier with Potent Toxicity towards Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205057. [PMID: 36291841 PMCID: PMC9599868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The difficulty involved in the treatment of many tumours due to their recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy is tightly linked to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). This CSC sub-population is distinct from the majority of cancer cells of the tumour bulk. Indeed, CSCs have increased mitochondrial mass that has been linked to increased sensitivity to mitochondrial targeting compounds. Thus, a platinum-based polyethylenimine (PEI) polymer-drug conjugate (PDC) was assessed as a potential anti-CSC therapeutic since it has previously displayed mitochondrial accumulation. Our results show that CSCs have increased specific sensitivity to the PEI carrier and to the PDC. The mechanism of cell death seems to be necrotic in nature, with an absence of apoptotic markers. Cell death is accompanied by the induction of a protective autophagy. The interference in the balance of this pathway, which is highly important for CSCs, may be responsible for a partial reversion of the stem-like phenotype observed with prolonged PEI and PDC treatment. Several markers also indicate the cell death mode to be capable of inducing an anti-cancer immune response. This study thus indicates the potential therapeutic perspectives of polycations against CSCs.
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17
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Lu G, Wang Y, Shi Y, Zhang Z, Huang C, He W, Wang C, Shen H. Autophagy in health and disease: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic target. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e150. [PMID: 35845350 PMCID: PMC9271889 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionally conserved catabolic process in which cytosolic contents, such as aggregated proteins, dysfunctional organelle, or invading pathogens, are sequestered by the double-membrane structure termed autophagosome and delivered to lysosome for degradation. Over the past two decades, autophagy has been extensively studied, from the molecular mechanisms, biological functions, implications in various human diseases, to development of autophagy-related therapeutics. This review will focus on the latest development of autophagy research, covering molecular mechanisms in control of autophagosome biogenesis and autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and the upstream regulatory pathways including the AMPK and MTORC1 pathways. We will also provide a systematic discussion on the implication of autophagy in various human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), metabolic diseases (obesity and diabetes), viral infection especially SARS-Cov-2 and COVID-19, cardiovascular diseases (cardiac ischemia/reperfusion and cardiomyopathy), and aging. Finally, we will also summarize the development of pharmacological agents that have therapeutic potential for clinical applications via targeting the autophagy pathway. It is believed that decades of hard work on autophagy research is eventually to bring real and tangible benefits for improvement of human health and control of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lu
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of BiochemistryZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn ResearchSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Provincial Key Laboratory of PathophysiologyNingbo University School of MedicineNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Han‐Ming Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision OncologyUniversity of MacauMacauChina
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18
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Introduction of long non-coding RNAs to regulate autophagy-associated therapy resistance in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10761-10773. [PMID: 35810239 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that depends on various evolutionarily conserved autophagy-related genes (ATGs). Dysregulation of autophagy plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy are important treatment options for cancer, which can significantly improve the survival rate of cancer patients. However, the occurrence of therapy resistance results in therapeutic failure and poor prognosis of cancer. Accumulating studies have found that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are well known as crucial regulators to control autophagy through regulating ATGs and autophagy-associated signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, ultimately mediating chemoresistance and radioresistance. Taken together, this review systematically summarizes and elucidates the pivotal role of lncRNAs in cancer chemoresistance and radioresistance via regulating autophagy. Understanding the specific mechanism of which may provide autophagy-related therapeutic targets for cancer in the future.
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19
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Wu F, Ma H, Wang X, Wei H, Zhang W, Zhang Y. The histidine phosphatase LHPP: an emerging player in cancer. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1140-1152. [PMID: 35239447 PMCID: PMC9103355 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2044148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers continue to have high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Therefore, cancer control remains the main public health goal. Growing research evidence suggests that phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP) plays an important role in inhibiting tumor cell progression. It has been reported in the literature that LHPP is expressed at low levels in tumor tissues and cells and that patients with low LHPP expression have a poorer prognosis. Functional studies have shown that LHPP can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis by affecting different target genes. In addition, researchers have used iDPP nanoparticles to deliver LHPP plasmids to treat tumors, demonstrating the great potential of LHPP plasmids for cancer therapy. In our review, we highlight the biological functions and important downstream target genes of LHPP in tumors, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of human cancers. Although not thoroughly studied in terms of tumor mechanisms, LHPP still represents a promising and effective anticancer drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hanwei Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Third Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, China
| | - Hangzhi Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,CONTACT Youcheng Zhang Department of General Surgery, Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030Gansu, China
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20
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Xie J, Chen X, wang W, Guan Z, Hou J, Lin J. Long non-coding RNA PCDRlnc1 confers docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer by promoting autophagy. J Cancer 2022; 13:2138-2149. [PMID: 35517427 PMCID: PMC9066218 DOI: 10.7150/jca.65329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel resistance seriously affects its clinical application in prostate cancer (PCa). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) influence the chemosensitivity of various cancers. However, the potential involvement of lncRNAs in docetaxel sensitivity remains largely unknown in PCa. In the present study, we used RNA sequencing to compare the expression profiles of lncRNAs in docetaxel-resistant PCa cells and their parental cells and identified a novel lncRNA, ENSG00000234147, termed as PCa docetaxel resistance-associated lncRNA1 (PCDRlnc1). Our results indicated that PCDRlnc1 is closely associated with docetaxel resistance in PCa, and PCDRlnc1 knockout markedly sensitized the resistant cells to docetaxel in vitro and in vivo. In addition, PCDRlnc1 inhibition markedly suppressed docetaxel-induced autophagy. Conversely, PCDRlnc1 overexpression promoted autophagy. Mechanistically, PCDRlnc1 interacted with UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like with plant homeodomain and ring finger domains 1) and promoted its transcription level in PCa cells, leading to the activation of autophagic Beclin-1 signaling. Together, our data demonstrate that PCDRlnc1 is a novel key regulator of PCa docetaxel resistance, suggesting that it may be used as a potential biomarker of docetaxel resistance and therapeutic target in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital Hospital of Nanjing Medical, University, China
| | - Xiumei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Weiwan wang
- Central Laboratory, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing, Medical University, China
| | - Zhenghui Guan
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Jianzhong Lin
- Central Laboratory, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing, Medical University, China
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, China
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Sun Z, Liu D, Zeng B, Zhao Q, Li X, Chen H, Wang J, Rosie Xing H. Sec23a inhibits the self-renewal of melanoma cancer stem cells via inactivation of ER-phagy. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:22. [PMID: 35236368 PMCID: PMC8889648 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genesis and developments of solid tumors, analogous to the renewal of healthy tissues, are driven by a subpopulation of dedicated stem cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), that exhibit long-term clonal repopulation and self-renewal capacity. CSCs may regulate tumor initiation, growth, dormancy, metastasis, recurrence and chemoresistance. While autophagy has been proposed as a regulator of the stemness of CSCs, the underlying mechanisms requires further elucidation. METHODS The CSC component in human melanoma cell lines M14 and A375 was isolated and purified by repetitive enrichments for cells that consistently display anchorage-independent spheroid growth. The stemness properties of the CSCs were confirmed in vitro by the expressions of stemness marker genes, the single-cell cloning assay and the serial spheroid formation assay. Subcutaneous tumor transplantation assay in BALB/c nude mice was performed to test the stemness properties of the CSCs in vivo. The autophagic activity was confirmed by the protein level of LC3 and P62, mRFP-LC3B punta and cytoplasmic accumulation of autolysosomes. The morphology of ER was detected with transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS In the present study, by employing stable CSC cell lines derived from human melanoma cell lines M14 and A375, we show for the first time that Sec23a inhibits the self-renewal of melanoma CSCs via inactivation of ER-phagy. Mechanistically, inhibition of Sec23a reduces ER stress and consequently FAM134B-induced ER-phagy. Furthermore, TCGA data mining and analysis show that Sec23a is a favorable diagnostic and prognostic marker for human skin cutaneous melanoma. CONCLUSION This study has elucidated a new mechanism underlying the regulation of autophagy on stemness, i.e. CSCs can exploit the SEC23A/ER-stress/FAM134B/ER-phagy axis for the self-renewal. These observations provide new ideas for exploration of the regulatory network of CSC self-renewal to develop CSCs-based therapy strategies for malignant tumors. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Doudou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiting Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - H. Rosie Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
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22
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Kumar M, Suhag R, Hasan M, Dhumal S, Radha, Pandiselvam R, Senapathy M, Sampathrajan V, Punia S, Sayed AAS, Singh S, Kennedy JF. Black soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.): paving the way toward new nutraceutical. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6208-6234. [PMID: 35139704 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2029825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Black soybean (BS) is a nutritious legume that is high in proteins, essential amino acids, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, isoflavones, and flavones. Traditional approaches for extracting BS bioactive compounds are commonly employed because they are simple and inexpensive, but they use toxic solvents and have lower yields. As a result, new extraction techniques have been developed, such as microwave, ultrasound, and enzyme-assisted extraction. Modern approaches are less harmful to the environment, are faster, and produce higher yields. The major anthocyanin in the BS seed coat was discovered as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, accounting for nearly 75% of the total anthocyanins. BS and its seed coat also contains phenolic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic, gallic, vanillin, syringic acid), isoflavones (daidzein, glycitein and genistein), flavones, flavonols, flavanones, and flavanols. Bioactive compounds present in BS exhibit antioxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, cardio and neuroprotective activities. The characterization and biological activity investigation of these bioactive compounds has provided researchers and food manufacturers with valuable information for developing functional food products and nutraceutical ingredients. In this review, the nutritional makeup of BS is reviewed, and the paper seeks to provide an insight of bioactive compound extraction methods as well as bioactive compounds identified by various researchers. The biological activities of BS extracts and their potential applications in food products (noodles), biodegradable films (pH sensitive film), and therapeutic applications (wound healing and anti-inflammation) are also discussed in the study. Therefore, BS have enormous potential for use in developing functional foods and nutraceutical components. This is the first review of its sort to describe and explain various extraction methodologies and characterization of bioactives, as well as their biological activity recorded in diverse works of literature, making it possible for food manufacturers and scientists to get a quick overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajat Suhag
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, India
| | - Muzaffar Hasan
- Agro Produce Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - R Pandiselvam
- Division of Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR - Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod, India
| | - Marisennayya Senapathy
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | | | - Sneh Punia
- Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Ali A S Sayed
- Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Surinder Singh
- Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India
- Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - John F Kennedy
- Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, Kyrewood House, Worcs, UK
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microRNA-21 Regulates Stemness in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031275. [PMID: 35163198 PMCID: PMC8835847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common and aggressive type of pancreatic cancer (PCa) with a low survival rate. microRNAs (miRs) are endogenous, non-coding RNAs that moderate numerous biological processes. miRs have been associated with the chemoresistance and metastasis of PDAC and the presence of a subpopulation of highly plastic "stem"-like cells within the tumor, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study, we investigated the role of miR-21, which is highly expressed in Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 PDAC cells in association with CSCs. Following miR-21 knockouts (KO) from both MiaPaCa-2 and Panc-1 cell lines, reversed expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and CSCs markers were observed. The expression patterns of key CSC markers, including CD44, CD133, CX-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1), were changed depending on miR-21 status. miR-21 (KO) suppressed cellular invasion of Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells, as well as the cellular proliferation of MiaPaCa-2 cells. Our data suggest that miR-21 is involved in the stemness of PDAC cells, may play roles in mesenchymal transition, and that miR-21 poses as a novel, functional biomarker for PDAC aggressiveness.
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24
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Kim S, Cho H, Hong SO, Oh SJ, Lee HJ, Cho E, Woo SR, Song JS, Chung JY, Son SW, Yoon SM, Jeon YM, Jeon S, Yee C, Lee KM, Hewitt SM, Kim JH, Song KH, Kim TW. LC3B upregulation by NANOG promotes immune resistance and stem-like property through hyperactivation of EGFR signaling in immune-refractory tumor cells. Autophagy 2021; 17:1978-1997. [PMID: 32762616 PMCID: PMC8386750 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1805214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune selection drives tumor cells to acquire refractory phenotypes. We previously demonstrated that cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune pressure enriches NANOG+ tumor cells with stem-like and immune-refractory properties that make them resistant to CTLs. Here, we report that the emergence of refractory phenotypes is highly associated with an aberrant macroautophagic/autophagic state of the NANOG+ tumor cells and that the autophagic phenotype arises through transcriptional induction of MAP1LC3B/LC3B by NANOG. Furthermore, we found that upregulation of LC3B expression contributes to an increase in EGF secretion. The subsequent hyperactivation of EGFR-AKT signaling rendered NANOG+ tumor cells resistant to CTL killing. The NANOG-LC3B-p-EGFR axis was preserved across various types of human cancer and correlated negatively with the overall survival of cervical cancer patients. Inhibition of LC3B in immune-refractory tumor models rendered tumors susceptible to adoptive T-cell transfer, as well as PDCD1/PD-1 blockade, and led to successful, long-term control of the disease. Thus, our findings demonstrate a novel link among immune-resistance, stem-like phenotypes, and LC3B-mediated autophagic secretion in immune-refractory tumor cells, and implicate the LC3B-p-EGFR axis as a central molecular target for controlling NANOG+ immune-refractory cancer.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; CASP3: caspase 3; CFSE: carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CI: confidence interval; CIN: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; CSC: cancer stem cell; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; EGF: epidermal growth factor; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; FIGO: International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GZMB: granzyme B; HG-CIN: high-grade CIN; IHC: immunohistochemistry; LG-CIN: low-grade CIN; LN: lymph node; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MCL1: myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1; MLANA/MART-1: melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1; MUT: mutant; NANOG: Nanog homeobox; PDCD1/PD-1: programmed cell death 1; PMEL/gp100: premelanosome protein; RTK: receptor tyrosine kinase; TMA: tissue microarray; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon-Oh Hong
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Oh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunho Cho
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon Rang Woo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Seon Song
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sung Wook Son
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu-Min Jeon
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Ho Song
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Zubareva EY, Senchukova MA. Prognostic and predictive significance of osteopontin in malignant neoplasms. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.17650/2313-805x-2021-8-2-23-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin is an extracellular matrix protein which is produced by different types of cells and plays an important functional role in many biological processes. This review discusses the main functions of osteopontin, its role in the progression and chemoresistance of malignant neoplasms, in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and the body’s immune response to the tumor. The article considers the currently known mechanisms by which osteopontin affects to the survival, mobility and invasion of tumor cells, to tumor sensitivity to drug treatment, as well as the prospects for a integrated study of the predictive significance of osteopontin, markers of hypoxia, angiogenesis, epithelial- mesenchymal transition, and immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Yu. Zubareva
- Orenburg Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary; Orenburg State Medical University
| | - M. A. Senchukova
- Orenburg Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary; Orenburg State Medical University
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26
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Xie J, Wang Y, Choi W, Jangili P, Ge Y, Xu Y, Kang J, Liu L, Zhang B, Xie Z, He J, Xie N, Nie G, Zhang H, Kim JS. Overcoming barriers in photodynamic therapy harnessing nano-formulation strategies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9152-9201. [PMID: 34223847 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively investigated for decades for tumor treatment because of its non-invasiveness, spatiotemporal selectivity, lower side-effects, and immune activation ability. It can be a promising treatment modality in several medical fields, including oncology, immunology, urology, dermatology, ophthalmology, cardiology, pneumology, and dentistry. Nevertheless, the clinical application of PDT is largely restricted by the drawbacks of traditional photosensitizers, limited tissue penetrability of light, inefficient induction of tumor cell death, tumor resistance to the therapy, and the severe pain induced by the therapy. Recently, various photosensitizer formulations and therapy strategies have been developed to overcome these barriers. Significantly, the introduction of nanomaterials in PDT, as carriers or photosensitizers, may overcome the drawbacks of traditional photosensitizers. Based on this, nanocomposites excited by various light sources are applied in the PDT of deep-seated tumors. Modulation of cell death pathways with co-delivered reagents promotes PDT induced tumor cell death. Relief of tumor resistance to PDT with combined therapy strategies further promotes tumor inhibition. Also, the optimization of photosensitizer formulations and therapy procedures reduces pain in PDT. Here, a systematic summary of recent advances in the fabrication of photosensitizers and the design of therapy strategies to overcome barriers in PDT is presented. Several aspects important for the clinical application of PDT in cancer treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, and Otolaryngology Department and Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
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27
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Rana T, Behl T, Sehgal A, Mehta V, Singh S, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Exploring the Role of Autophagy Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4886-4905. [PMID: 34212304 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic pathway by which misfolded proteins or damaged organelles are engulfed by autophagosomes and then transported to lysosomes for degradation. Recently, a great improvement has been done to explain the molecular mechanisms and roles of autophagy in several important cellular metabolic processes. Besides being a vital clearance pathway or a cell survival pathway in response to different stresses, autophagy dysfunction, either upregulated or down-regulated, has been suggested to be linked with numerous neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Impairment at different stages of autophagy results in the formation of large protein aggregates and damaged organelles, which leads to the onset and progression of different neurodegenerative disorders. This article elucidates the recent progress about the role of autophagy in neurodegenerative disorders and explains how autophagy dysfunction is linked with the pathogenesis of such disorders as well as the novel potential autophagy-associated therapies for treating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Distt. Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Haryana, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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28
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Li Q, Wang L, Ji D, Bao X, Tan G, Liang X, Deng P, Pi H, Lu Y, Chen C, He M, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Yu Z, Deng A. BIX-01294, a G9a inhibitor, suppresses cell proliferation by inhibiting autophagic flux in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:686-696. [PMID: 33387131 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
G9a, a histone methyltransferase, has been found to be upregulated in a range of tumor tissues, and contributes to tumor growth and metastasis. However, the impact of G9a inhibition as a potential therapeutic target in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unclear. In the present study we aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of G9a inhibition in the NPC cell lines CNE1 and CNE2, and to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. The expression of G9a in NPC tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal nasopharyngeal tissues. The pharmacological inhibition of G9a by BIX-01294 (BIX) inhibited proliferation and induced caspase-independent apoptosis in NPC cells in vitro. Treatment with BIX induced autophagosome accumulation, which exacerbated the cytotoxic activity of BIX in NPC cells. Mechanistic studies have found that BIX impairs autophagosomes by initiating autophagy in a Beclin-1-independent way, and impairs autophagic degradation by inhibiting lysosomal cathepsin D activation, leading to lysosomal dysfunction. BIX was able to suppress tumor growth, possibly by inhibiting autophagic flux; it might therefore constitute a promising candidate for NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liuqian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Di Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guojing Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojun Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghui Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mindi He
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Anchun Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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29
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Autophagy Modulators in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115804. [PMID: 34071600 PMCID: PMC8199315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a process of self-degradation that plays an important role in removing damaged proteins, organelles or cellular fragments from the cell. Under stressful conditions such as hypoxia, nutrient deficiency or chemotherapy, this process can also become the strategy for cell survival. Autophagy can be nonselective or selective in removing specific organelles, ribosomes, and protein aggregates, although the complete mechanisms that regulate aspects of selective autophagy are not fully understood. This review summarizes the most recent research into understanding the different types and mechanisms of autophagy. The relationship between apoptosis and autophagy on the level of molecular regulation of the expression of selected proteins such as p53, Bcl-2/Beclin 1, p62, Atg proteins, and caspases was discussed. Intensive studies have revealed a whole range of novel compounds with an anticancer activity that inhibit or activate regulatory pathways involved in autophagy. We focused on the presentation of compounds strongly affecting the autophagy process, with particular emphasis on those that are undergoing clinical and preclinical cancer research. Moreover, the target points, adverse effects and therapeutic schemes of autophagy inhibitors and activators are presented.
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30
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Zeng J, Jing Y, Wu Q, Zeng J, Wei L, Liu J. Autophagy Is Required for Hepatic Differentiation of Hepatic Progenitor Cells via Wnt Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6627506. [PMID: 33928152 PMCID: PMC8049791 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6627506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms regulating differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), which play pivotal roles in liver regeneration and development, remain obscure. Autophagy and Wnt signaling pathways regulate the development and differentiation of stem cells in various organs. However, the roles of autophagy and Wnt signaling pathways in hepatic differentiation of HPCs are not well understood. Here, we describe the effects of autophagy and Wnt signaling pathways during hepatic differentiation of HPCs. We used a well-established rat hepatic progenitor cell line called WB-F344, which was treated with differentiation medium to promote differentiation of WB-F344 cells along the hepatic phenotype. Firstly, autophagy was highly activated in HPCs and gradually decreased during hepatic differentiation of HPCs. Induction of autophagy by rapamycin or starvation suppressed hepatic differentiation of HPCs. Secondly, Wnt3a signaling pathway was downregulated, and Wnt5a signaling pathway was upregulated in hepatic differentiation of HPCs. At last, Wnt3a signaling pathway was enhanced, and Wnt5a signaling pathway was inhibited by activation of autophagy during hepatic differentiation of HPCs. In summary, these results demonstrate that autophagy regulates hepatic differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells through Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Zeng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Fujian Provincial Medical Center of Hepatobiliary, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Yingying Jing
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qionglan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Jinhua Zeng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Fujian Provincial Medical Center of Hepatobiliary, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Fujian Provincial Medical Center of Hepatobiliary, Fuzhou 350025, China
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31
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Zhou Q, Cui F, Lei C, Ma S, Huang J, Wang X, Qian H, Zhang D, Yang Y. ATG7-mediated autophagy involves in miR-138-5p regulated self-renewal and invasion of lung cancer stem-like cells derived from A549 cells. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:376-385. [PMID: 33323682 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Activation and proliferation of cancer stem cells exert an important role in the invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of malignant tumors, including lung cancer. Therefore, exploring molecular targets related to self-renewal and mobility of lung cancer stem cells has important clinical significance. In our present study, we aimed to explore the effects of miR-138-5p on lung cancer stem-like cells and associated regulatory mechanism. In our present study, enhanced self-renewal capacity and elevated expression of cancer stem cells markers CD133, CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 of lung cancer stem-like cells derived from A549 cells were firstly verified. Then, obviously enhanced autophagy was found in lung cancer stem-like cells compared with parental cells A549. Besides, we found that enhanced autophagy induced by rapamycin promoted self-renewal and cell mobility of lung cancer stem-like cells and suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine exerted just opposite effects. In addition, miR-138-5p was found to be downregulated in lung cancer stem-like cells compared with that in parental cell A549. At the same time, overexpression of miR-138-5p by transfected with miR-138-5p mimic was found to effectively suppress self-renewal and invasion of lung cancer stem-like cells. Further study revealed that ATG7 was a target of miR-138-5p and overexpressed miR-138-5p suppressed ATG7-mediated autophagy. In addition, specific small interference RNA-ATG7 strengthened the inhibiting effect of miR-138-5p mimic on self-renewal and invasion of lung cancer stem-like cells. Taken together, we found that autophagy helped to maintain self-renewal and invasion ability of lung cancer stem-like cells and overexpressed miR-138-5p exerted anti-tumor effects by blocking the self-renewal and invasion of lung cancer stem-like cells through suppressing ATG7-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Talukdar S, Das SK, Emdad L, Fisher PB. Autophagy and senescence: Insights from normal and cancer stem cells. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 150:147-208. [PMID: 33858596 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process, which allows cells to adapt to metabolic stress through the degradation and recycling of intracellular components to generate macromolecular precursors and produce energy. Autophagy is also critical in maintaining cellular/tissue homeostasis, as well preserving immunity and preventing human disease. Deregulation of autophagic processes is associated with cancer, neurodegeneration, muscle and heart disease, infectious diseases and aging. Research on a variety of stem cell types establish that autophagy plays critical roles in normal and cancer stem cell quiescence, activation, differentiation, and self-renewal. Considering its critical function in regulating the metabolic state of stem cells, autophagy plays a dual role in the regulation of normal and cancer stem cell senescence, and cellular responses to various therapeutic strategies. The relationships between autophagy, senescence, dormancy and apoptosis frequently focus on responses to various forms of stress. These are interrelated processes that profoundly affect normal and abnormal human physiology that require further elucidation in cancer stem cells. This review provides a current perspective on autophagy and senescence in both normal and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Courtois S, Haykal M, Bodineau C, Sifré E, Azzi-Martin L, Ménard A, Mégraud F, Lehours P, Durán RV, Varon C, Bessède E. Autophagy induced by Helicobacter pylori infection is necessary for gastric cancer stem cell emergence. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:133-144. [PMID: 32940810 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main cause of gastric cancer is the infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori which induces a chronic inflammation and an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) leading to the emergence of cells with cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully characterized. Moreover, H. pylori modulates the host cell autophagic process, but a few studies have investigated the role of this process in tumoral transformation. The aim of this study was to determine whether H. pylori-induced autophagy has a role in CSC emergence. METHODS Autophagic flux in response to H. pylori infection was characterized in AGS cell line expressing the tandem-tagged mCherry-GFP-LC3 protein and using a ratiometric flow cytometry analysis. Then, AGS and MKN45 cell lines were treated with bafilomycin or chloroquine, two pharmaceutical well-known inhibitors of autophagy, and different EMT and CSC characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS First, a co-expression of the gastric CSC marker CD44 and the autophagic marker LC3 in mice and human stomach tissues infected with H. pylori was observed. Then, we demonstrated in vitro that H. pylori was able to activate the autophagy process with a reduced autophagic flux. Finally, infected cells were treated with autophagy inhibitors, which reduced (i) appearance of mesenchymal phenotypes and migration ability related to EMT and (ii) CD44 expression as well as tumorsphere formation capacities reflecting CSC properties. CONCLUSION In conclusion, all these data show that H. pylori-induced autophagy is implicated in gastric CSC emergence and could represent an interesting therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Courtois
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Haykal
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clément Bodineau
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular Y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Américo Vespucio 24, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.,Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, INSERM U1218, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Elodie Sifré
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Armelle Ménard
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francis Mégraud
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.,French National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters (CNRCH), University Hospital of Bordeaux, Place Amelie Raba Leon, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Lehours
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.,French National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters (CNRCH), University Hospital of Bordeaux, Place Amelie Raba Leon, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raúl V Durán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular Y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Américo Vespucio 24, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Christine Varon
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilie Bessède
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. .,French National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters (CNRCH), University Hospital of Bordeaux, Place Amelie Raba Leon, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
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Li W, He P, Huang Y, Li YF, Lu J, Li M, Kurihara H, Luo Z, Meng T, Onishi M, Ma C, Jiang L, Hu Y, Gong Q, Zhu D, Xu Y, Liu R, Liu L, Yi C, Zhu Y, Ma N, Okamoto K, Xie Z, Liu J, He RR, Feng D. Selective autophagy of intracellular organelles: recent research advances. Theranostics 2021; 11:222-256. [PMID: 33391472 PMCID: PMC7681076 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy) is a highly conserved physiological process that degrades over-abundant or damaged organelles, large protein aggregates and invading pathogens via the lysosomal system (the vacuole in plants and yeast). Autophagy is generally induced by stress, such as oxygen-, energy- or amino acid-deprivation, irradiation, drugs, etc. In addition to non-selective bulk degradation, autophagy also occurs in a selective manner, recycling specific organelles, such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, nuclei, proteasomes and lipid droplets (LDs). This capability makes selective autophagy a major process in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The dysfunction of selective autophagy is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), tumorigenesis, metabolic disorders, heart failure, etc. Considering the importance of selective autophagy in cell biology, we systemically review the recent advances in our understanding of this process and its regulatory mechanisms. We emphasize the 'cargo-ligand-receptor' model in selective autophagy for specific organelles or cellular components in yeast and mammals, with a focus on mitophagy and ER-phagy, which are finely described as types of selective autophagy. Additionally, we highlight unanswered questions in the field, helping readers focus on the research blind spots that need to be broken.
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Duan H, Liu Y, Gao Z, Huang W. Recent advances in drug delivery systems for targeting cancer stem cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:55-70. [PMID: 33532180 PMCID: PMC7838023 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with functions similar to those of normal stem cells. Although few in number, they are capable of self-renewal, unlimited proliferation, and multi-directional differentiation potential. In addition, CSCs have the ability to escape immune surveillance. Thus, they play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and they are closely related to tumor invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence after treatment. Therefore, specific targeting of CSCs may improve the efficiency of cancer therapy. A series of corresponding promising therapeutic strategies based on CSC targeting, such as the targeting of CSC niche, CSC signaling pathways, and CSC mitochondria, are currently under development. Given the rapid progression in this field and nanotechnology, drug delivery systems (DDSs) for CSC targeting are increasingly being developed. In this review, we summarize the advances in CSC-targeted DDSs. Furthermore, we highlight the latest developmental trends through the main line of CSC occurrence and development process; some considerations about the rationale, advantages, and limitations of different DDSs for CSC-targeted therapies were discussed.
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Key Words
- ABC, ATP binding cassette
- AFN, apoferritin
- ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase
- BM-MSCs-derived Exos, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes
- Biomarker
- CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CL-siSOX2, cationic lipoplex of SOX2 small interfering RNA
- CMP, carbonate-mannose modified PEI
- CQ, chloroquine
- CSCs, cancer stem cells
- Cancer stem cells
- Cancer treatment
- Cellular level
- DCLK1, doublecortin-like kinase 1
- DDSs, drug delivery systems
- DLE, drug loading efficiency
- DOX, doxorubicin
- DQA-PEG2000-DSPE, dequlinium and carboxyl polyethylene glycol-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine
- Dex, dexamethasone
- Drug delivery systems
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- EPND, nanodiamond-Epirubicin drug complex
- EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule
- GEMP, gemcitabine monophosphate
- GLUT1, glucose ligand to the glucose transporter 1
- Glu, glucose
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HH, Hedgehog
- HIF1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- IONP, iron oxide nanoparticle
- LAC, lung adenocarcinoma
- LNCs, lipid nanocapsules
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MB, methylene blue
- MDR, multidrug resistance
- MNP, micellar nanoparticle
- MSNs, mesoporous silica nanoparticles
- Molecular level
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- Nav, navitoclax
- Niche
- PBAEs, poly(β-aminoester)
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PEG-PCD, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylene carbonate-graft-dodecanol)
- PEG-PLA, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactide)
- PEG-b-PLA, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(d,l-lactide)
- PLGA, poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)
- PTX, paclitaxel
- PU-PEI, polyurethane-short branch-polyethylenimine
- SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles
- SSCs, somatic stem cells
- Sali-ABA, 4-(aminomethyl) benzaldehyde-modified Sali
- TNBC, triple negative breast cancer
- TPZ, tirapazamine
- Targeting strategies
- cRGD, cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp
- iTEP, immune-tolerant, elastin-like polypeptide
- mAbs, monoclonal antibodies
- mPEG-b-PCC-g-GEM-g-DC-g-CAT, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylenecarbonate-graft-dodecanol-graft-cationic ligands)
- ncRNA, non-coding RNAs
- uPAR, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Chowdhury S, Ghosh S. Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Huang Y, Li S, Jia Z, Zhao W, Zhou C, Zhang R, Ali DW, Michalak M, Chen XZ, Tang J. Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8 (TRPM8) Channel Regulates Proliferation and Migration of Breast Cancer Cells by Activating the AMPK-ULK1 Pathway to Enhance Basal Autophagy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:573127. [PMID: 33344232 PMCID: PMC7746826 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.573127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-permeable cation channel TRPM8 (transient receptor potential melastatin 8) is a member of the TRP superfamily of cation channels that is upregulated in various types of cancer with high levels of autophagy, including prostate, pancreatic, breast, lung, and colon cancers. Autophagy is closely regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and plays an important role in tumor growth by generating nutrients through degradation of intracellular structures. Additionally, AMPK activity is regulated by intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Considering that TRPM8 is a non-selective Ca2+-permeable cation channel and plays a key role in calcium homoeostasis, we hypothesized that TRPM8 may control AMPK activity thus modulating cellular autophagy to regulate the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. In this study, overexpression of TRPM8 enhanced the level of basal autophagy, whereas TRPM8 knockdown reduced the level of basal autophagy in several types of mammalian cancer cells. Moreover, the activity of the TRPM8 channel modulated the level of basal autophagy. The mechanism of regulation of autophagy by TRPM8 involves autophagy-associated signaling pathways for activation of AMPK and ULK1 and phagophore formation. Impaired AMPK abolished TRPM8-dependent regulation of autophagy. TRPM8 interacts with AMPK in a protein complex, and cytoplasmic C-terminus of TRPM8 mediates the TRPM8–AMPK interaction. Finally, basal autophagy mediates the regulatory effects of TRPM8 on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Thus, this study identifies TRPM8 as a novel regulator of basal autophagy in cancer cells acting by interacting with AMPK, which in turn activates AMPK to activate ULK1 in a coordinated cascade of TRPM8-mediated breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cefan Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Declan William Ali
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Babaei G, Aziz SGG, Jaghi NZZ. EMT, cancer stem cells and autophagy; The three main axes of metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110909. [PMID: 33227701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are major factors contributing to the metastasis of cancer cells. Consequently, the signaling pathways involved in both processes are appropriate therapeutic targets in the treatment of metastasis. Autophagy is another process that has recently attracted the attention of many researchers; depending on the type of cancer and tissue and the stage of cancer, this process can play a dual role in the development of cancer cells. Studies on cancer cells have shown that different signaling pathways are involved in all three processes, namely, cancer stem cells, autophagy, and EMT. The purpose of this study was to investigate and elucidate the relationship between the effective signaling pathways in all three processes, which could play an effective role in determining appropriate therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghader Babaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University Medical Sciences (UMSU), Urmia, Iran; Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | | | - Nasrin Zare Zavieyh Jaghi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University Medical Sciences (UMSU), Urmia, Iran
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Silva VR, Neves SP, Santos LDS, Dias RB, Bezerra DP. Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities of Autophagy in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113461. [PMID: 33233671 PMCID: PMC7699739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Autophagy is a physiological process characterized by the degradation of the cell components through lysosomes due to stimuli/stress. In this study, we review the challenges and therapeutic opportunities that autophagy presents in the treatment of cancer. We discussed the results of several studies that evaluated autophagy as a therapeutic strategy in cancer, both through the modulation of therapeutic resistance and the death of cancer cells. Moreover, we discussed the role of autophagy in the biology of cancer stem cells and the inhibition of this process as a strategy to overcome resistance and progression of cancer stem cells. Abstract Autophagy is a physiological cellular process that is crucial for development and can occurs in response to nutrient deprivation or metabolic disorders. Interestingly, autophagy plays a dual role in cancer cells—while in some situations, it has a cytoprotective effect that causes chemotherapy resistance, in others, it has a cytotoxic effect in which some compounds induce autophagy-mediated cell death. In this review, we summarize strategies aimed at autophagy for the treatment of cancer, including studies of drugs that can modulate autophagy-mediated resistance, and/or drugs that cause autophagy-mediated cancer cell death. In addition, the role of autophagy in the biology of cancer stem cells has also been discussed.
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Zhou GZ, Guo SS, Liu DX, Zhang L, Sun GC. Antiproliferative effect and autophagy induction of curcumin derivative ZYX02-Na on the human lung cancer cells A549. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22592. [PMID: 33176062 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
At present, a large number of curcumin derivatives had been produced and identified aiming to replace the curcumin in view of its low bioavailability and stability. Here, a novel curcumin derivative ZYX02-Na was first used to reduce the cell viability of human non-small cell lung cells A549, which was confirmed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis showed that ZYX02-Na could lead to cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, which demonstrated that ZYX02-Na inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells. Furthermore, the AMPK/mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway was activated in ZYX02-Na-treated A549 cells. Besides, wounding healing and transwell experiments showed that ZYX02-Na could also inhibited the migration ability of A549 cells. Moreover, we also found that ZYX02-Na could induce autophagy of A549 cells by acridine orange staining, GFP-LC3 subcellular localization observation and Western blotting analysis, respectively. In short, our current studies indicated that ZYX02-Na possessed the antiproliferation effect and autophagy induction on A549 cells, while in vivo anticancer study of ZYX02-Na needs to be done in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhou Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Deng-Xu Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang-Chun Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Bai C, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Zhang HY, Chen Y, Tang Y. Repurposing Ziyuglycoside II Against Colorectal Cancer via Orchestrating Apoptosis and Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:576547. [PMID: 33071789 PMCID: PMC7533566 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.576547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective chemotherapy drugs for colorectal cancer remain a challenge. In this research, Ziyuglycoside II (Ziyu II), exhibits considerable antitumor activity against CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that Ziyu II induced apoptosis through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was necessary for Ziyu II to inhibit colorectal cancer cells. Intriguingly, The treatment of Ziyu II triggered complete autophagic flux in CRC cells. Inhibition of autophagy partially reversed Ziyu II-induced growth inhibition, demonstrating a cytotoxic role of autophagy in response to Ziyu II-treated. Mechanism indicated that Ziyu II-induced autophagy by inhibiting Akt/mTOR pathway. Akt reactivation partially reduced Ziyu II-induced LC3-II turnover and LC3 puncta accumulation. Especially, Ziyu II improves the sensitivity of 5-fluorouracil which is the first-line chemotherapy drug in colorectal cancer cells. This research provides novel insight into the molecular mechanism of Ziyu II’s anti-proliferation, including apoptosis and autophagy, and lays a foundation for the potential application of Ziyu II in clinical CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Bai
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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42
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Xin L, Li SH, Liu C, Zeng F, Cao JQ, Zhou LQ, Zhou Q, Yuan YW. Methionine represses the autophagy of gastric cancer stem cells via promoting the methylation and phosphorylation of RAB37. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2644-2652. [PMID: 32926650 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1814044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the role of methionine (MET) in the autophagy of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) and aims to elaborate its regulatory mechanism. In the present study, the GCSCs were isolated from human gastric cancer cell lines using an anti-CD44 antibody, and then cultured in MET+ homocysteine (HCY)- or MET-HCY+ medium. In MET+HCY-treated GCSCs, autophagy was suppressed, the methylation and phosphorylation of RAB37 were elevated, and miR-200b expression was down-regulated. Lentiviral vector (LV-) carrying methionine-γ lyase (an enzyme that could specifically lyse MET; Metase) promoted autophagy, reduced the methylation and phosphorylation of RAB37, and up-regulated miR-200b expression in MET+HCY--treated GCSCs. Then, we found that miR-200b suppressed the expression of protein kinase C α (PKCα), a protein that could inactivate RAB37 through promoting its phosphorylation. LV-Metase down-regulated RAB37 phosphorylation via miR-200b/PKCα, thus promoting the RAB37-mediated autophagy and suppressing cell viability in MET+HCY-treated GCSCs. Finally, the in vivo study proved that LV-Metase treatment inhibited tumor growth through up-regulating RAB37 expression. In conclusion, MET suppressed RAB37 expression via enhancing its methylation and suppressed RAB37 activity via miR-200b/PKCα axis, thus repressing RAB37-mediated autophagy in GCSCs. The supplementation of Metase lysed MET, thus inducing the autophagy of GCSCs and inhibiting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shi-Hao Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jia-Qing Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li-Qiang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-Wu Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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43
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Chung C, Seo W, Silwal P, Jo EK. Crosstalks between inflammasome and autophagy in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:100. [PMID: 32703253 PMCID: PMC7376907 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both inflammasomes and autophagy have important roles in the intracellular homeostasis, inflammation, and pathology; the dysregulation of these processes is often associated with the pathogenesis of numerous cancers. In addition, they can crosstalk with each other in multifaceted ways to influence various physiological and pathological responses, including cancer. Multiple molecular mechanisms connect the autophagy pathway to inflammasome activation and, through this, may influence the outcome of pro-tumor or anti-tumor responses depending on the cancer types, microenvironment, and the disease stage. In this review, we highlight the rapidly growing literature on the various mechanisms by which autophagy interacts with the inflammasome pathway, to encourage additional applications in the context of tumors. In addition, we provide insight into the mechanisms by which pathogen modulates the autophagy-inflammasome pathway to favor the infection-induced carcinogenesis. We also explore the challenges and opportunities of using multiple small molecules/agents to target the autophagy/inflammasome axis and their effects upon cancer treatment. Finally, we discuss the emerging clinical efforts assessing the potential usefulness of targeting approaches for either autophagy or inflammasome as anti-cancer strategies, although it remains underexplored in terms of their crosstalks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeuk Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Wonhyoung Seo
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.
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44
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Cheng Z, Wei-Qi J, Jin D. New insights on sorafenib resistance in liver cancer with correlation of individualized therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188382. [PMID: 32522600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is highly malignant and insensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy and is associated with very poor patient prognosis. In 2007, the small-molecule targeted drug sorafenib was approved for the treatment of advanced liver cancer. In the subsequent ten years, sorafenib has been the only first-line therapeutic targeted drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, a number of clinical studies show that a considerable percentage of patients with liver cancer are insensitive to sorafenib. The number of patients who actually benefit significantly from sorafenib treatment is very limited, and the overall efficacy of sorafenib is far from satisfactory, which has attracted the attention of researchers. Based on previous studies and reports, this article reviews the potential mechanisms of sorafenib resistance (SR) and summarizes the biomarkers and clinicopathological indicators that might be used for predicting sorafenib response and developing personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Cheng
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiang Wei-Qi
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ding Jin
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200433, China.
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45
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Patra S, Mishra SR, Behera BP, Mahapatra KK, Panigrahi DP, Bhol CS, Praharaj PP, Sethi G, Patra SK, Bhutia SK. Autophagy-modulating phytochemicals in cancer therapeutics: Current evidences and future perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:205-217. [PMID: 32450139 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic self-cannibalism that eliminates dysfunctional cytoplasmic cargos by the fusion of cargo-containing autophagosomes with lysosomes to maintain cyto-homeostasis. Autophagy sustains a dynamic interlink between cytoprotective and cytostatic function during malignant transformation in a context-dependent manner. The antioxidant and immunomodulatory phyto-products govern autophagy and autophagy-associated signaling pathways to combat cellular incompetence during malignant transformation. Moreover, in a close cellular signaling circuit, autophagy regulates aberrant epigenetic modulation and inflammation, which limits tumor metastasis. Thus, manipulating autophagy for induction of cell death and associated regulatory phenomena will embark on a new strategy for tumor suppression with wide therapeutic implications. Despite the prodigious availability of lead pharmacophores in nature, the central autophagy regulating entities, their explicit target, as well as pre-clinical and clinical assessment remains a major question to be answered. In addition to this, the stage-specific regulation of autophagy and mode of action with natural products in regulating the key autophagic molecules, control of tumor-specific pathways in relation to modulation of autophagic network specify therapeutic target in caner. Moreover, the molecular pathway specificity and enhanced efficacy of the pre-existing chemotherapeutic agents in co-treatment with these phytochemicals hold high prevalence for target specific cancer therapeutics. Hence, the multi-specific role of phytochemicals in a cellular and tumor context dependent manner raises immense curiosity for investigating of novel therapeutic avenues. In this perspective, this review discusses about diverse implicit mechanisms deployed by the bioactive compounds in diagnosis and therapeutics approach during cancer progression with special insight into autophagic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya R Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Bishnu P Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Kewal K Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Debasna P Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Chandra S Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Samir K Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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Rahman MA, Saha SK, Rahman MS, Uddin MJ, Uddin MS, Pang MG, Rhim H, Cho SG. Molecular Insights Into Therapeutic Potential of Autophagy Modulation by Natural Products for Cancer Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:283. [PMID: 32391363 PMCID: PMC7193248 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a cellular self-digestion process that is activated in response to stress, has a functional role in tumor formation and progression. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) accounting for a minor proportion of total cancer cells-have distinct self-renewal and differentiation abilities and promote metastasis. Researchers have shown that a numeral number of natural products using traditional experimental methods have been revealed to target CSCs. However, the specific role of autophagy with respect to CSCs and tumorigenesis using natural products are still unknown. Currently, CSCs are considered to be one of the causative reasons underlying the failure of anticancer treatment as a result of tumor recurrence, metastasis, and chemo- or radio-resistance. Autophagy may play a dual role in CSC-related resistance to anticancer treatment; it is responsible for cell fate determination and the targeted degradation of transcription factors via growth arrest. It has been established that autophagy promotes drug resistance, dormancy, and stemness and maintenance of CSCs. Surprisingly, numerous studies have also suggested that autophagy can facilitate the loss of stemness in CSCs. Here, we review current progress in research related to the multifaceted connections between autophagy modulation and CSCs control using natural products. Overall, we emphasize the importance of understanding the role of autophagy in the maintenance of different CSCs and implications of this connection for the development of new strategies for cancer treatment targeting natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ataur Rahman
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,ABEx Bio-Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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47
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Sun W, Qian K, Guo K, Chen L, Xiang J, Li D, Wu Y, Ji Q, Sun T, Wang Z. LHPP inhibits cell growth and migration and triggers autophagy in papillary thyroid cancer by regulating the AKT/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:382-389. [PMID: 32227107 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the incidence rate of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been rapidly increasing. However, the molecular mechanism of the physiological and pathological processes of PTC is still largely unknown. Phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP) is a tumor suppressor and exerts anti-tumor effect in several human cancers, while the role and underlying mechanism of LHPP in PTC remain vague. In this study, we firstly evaluated the roles of LHPP in PTC and explored its underlying mechanism. Using clinical tissue samples, we detected the level of LHPP in PTC tissues and in matched adjacent normal tissues. Lower level of LHPP was found in PTC tissues than in matched adjacent normal tissues. Similar LHPP expression pattern was found in PTC cell lines when compared with that in normal human thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Then, we over-expressed LHPP in three PTC cell lines and results showed that ectopic LHPP expression consistently reduced cell viability, proliferation, and migration and triggered cell autophagy. Furthermore, over-expression of LHPP inhibited the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway and promoted the AMPK signaling pathway. In addition, the activation of AKT/mTOR and inhibition of AMPK signaling pathways restored the role of ectopic LHPP expression in PTC cell lines, indicating that LHPP exerts its anti-tumor activity through regulating the AKT/AMPK/mTOR pathway. Ultimately, we illustrated that ectopic LHPP expression inhibited PTC tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, we revealed that LHPP has an anti-tumor effect in PTC and indicated that LHPP might serve as an effective diagnostic and therapeutic target for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Qian
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Duanshu Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qinghai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tuanqi Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
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48
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Zhao G, Wang X, Qu L, Zhu Z, Hong J, Hou H, Li Z, Wang J, Lv Z. The Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Sex-Determining Region Y-Box 2 and its Prognostic Value in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Meta-Analysis. Breast Care (Basel) 2020; 16:16-26. [PMID: 33716628 DOI: 10.1159/000505806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Transcription factor SOX2 (sex-determining region Y-box 2) has a crucial role in the maintenance of the stem cell state. However, current evidence regarding the role of SOX2 in breast cancer is conflicting. We conducted this meta-analysis to clarify the association of SOX2 expression with clinical and molecular features and its prognostic effect on breast cancer. Methods All relevant articles were searched using electronic databases. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs: multivariate Cox survival analysis) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results A final total of 18 studies containing 3,080 patients with breast cancer were included. SOX2 protein expression was not related to age, menopausal status, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, molecular estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, triple-negative status, and the overall survival in breast cancer, but was closely associated with advanced tumor grade (grade 3 vs. grade 1-2: OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.85-4.06, p < 0.001), clinical stage (stage 3-4 vs. stage 0-2: OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.37-4.40, p = 0.002), pT stage (T stage 2-4 vs. T stage 1: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.07-2.17, p = 0.019), molecular human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status (positive vs. negative: OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.21-2.14, p = 0.001), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status (positive vs. negative: OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.13-4.33, p = 0.021), and worse disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.20-5.91, p = 0.016) of breast cancer. Conclusions SOX2 expression is correlated with breast cancer progression, HER2 status, and EGFR status, and may be an independent prognostic marker for predicting poor DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Limei Qu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinghui Hong
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiqin Hou
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zuonong Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Lv
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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49
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Ishaq M, Ojha R, Sharma AP, Singh SK. Autophagy in cancer: Recent advances and future directions. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 66:171-181. [PMID: 32201367 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is being explored as a potential therapeutic target for enhancing the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic regimens in various malignancies. Autophagy plays a very important role in cancer pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the updates on the modulation of autophagy via dynamic interactions with different organelles and the exploitation of selective autophagy for exploring therapeutic strategies. We further discuss the role of autophagy inhibitors in cancer preclinical and clinical trials, novel autophagy inhibitors, and challenges likely to be faced by clinicians while inducting autophagy modulators in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ishaq
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, CA, USA.
| | - Rani Ojha
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, CA, USA.
| | - Aditya P Sharma
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Shrawan K Singh
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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50
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Gozzi M, Murganic B, Drača D, Popp J, Coburger P, Maksimović‐Ivanić D, Mijatović S, Hey‐Hawkins E. Quinoline-Conjugated Ruthenacarboranes: Toward Hybrid Drugs with a Dual Mode of Action. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:2061-2074. [PMID: 31675152 PMCID: PMC6973020 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of autophagy in cancer is often complex, ranging from tumor-promoting to -suppressing effects. In this study, two novel hybrid molecules were designed, containing a ruthenacarborane fragment conjugated with a known modulator of autophagy, namely a quinoline derivative. The complex closo-[3-(η6 -p-cymene)-1-(quinolin-8-yl-acetate)-3,1,2-RuC2 B9 H10 ] (4) showed a dual mode of action against the LN229 (human glioblastoma) cell line, where it inhibited tumor-promoting autophagy, and strongly inhibited cell proliferation, de facto blocking cellular division. These results, together with the tendency to spontaneously form nanoparticles in aqueous solution, make complex 4 a very promising drug candidate for further studies in vivo, for the treatment of autophagy-prone glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gozzi
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
| | - Blagoje Murganic
- National Institute of Republic of Serbia Department of Immunology Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”University of BelgradeBul. despota Stefana 14211060BelgradeSerbia
| | - Dijana Drača
- National Institute of Republic of Serbia Department of Immunology Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”University of BelgradeBul. despota Stefana 14211060BelgradeSerbia
| | - John Popp
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
| | - Peter Coburger
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
| | - Danijela Maksimović‐Ivanić
- National Institute of Republic of Serbia Department of Immunology Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”University of BelgradeBul. despota Stefana 14211060BelgradeSerbia
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- National Institute of Republic of Serbia Department of Immunology Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”University of BelgradeBul. despota Stefana 14211060BelgradeSerbia
| | - Evamarie Hey‐Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
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