1
|
Ma X, Fu H, Sun C, Wu W, Hou W, Zhou Z, Zheng H, Gong Y, Wu H, Qin J, Lou H, Li J, Tang TS, Guo C. RAD18 O-GlcNAcylation promotes translesion DNA synthesis and homologous recombination repair. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:321. [PMID: 38719812 PMCID: PMC11078974 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
RAD18, an important ubiquitin E3 ligase, plays a dual role in translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and homologous recombination (HR) repair. However, whether and how the regulatory mechanism of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification governing RAD18 and its function during these processes remains unknown. Here, we report that human RAD18, can undergo O-GlcNAcylation at Ser130/Ser164/Thr468, which is important for optimal RAD18 accumulation at DNA damage sites. Mechanistically, abrogation of RAD18 O-GlcNAcylation limits CDC7-dependent RAD18 Ser434 phosphorylation, which in turn significantly reduces damage-induced PCNA monoubiquitination, impairs Polη focus formation and enhances UV sensitivity. Moreover, the ubiquitin and RAD51C binding ability of RAD18 at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is O-GlcNAcylation-dependent. O-GlcNAcylated RAD18 promotes the binding of RAD51 to damaged DNA during HR and decreases CPT hypersensitivity. Our findings demonstrate a novel role of RAD18 O-GlcNAcylation in TLS and HR regulation, establishing a new rationale to improve chemotherapeutic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chenyi Sun
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenya Hou
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zibin Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yifei Gong
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Honglin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Junying Qin
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huiqiang Lou
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang B, Yan B, Yang H, Geng H, Li P. Transcription Factor E2F7 Hampers the Killing Effect of NK Cells against Colorectal Cancer Cells via Activating RAD18 Transcription. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:920-929. [PMID: 38073330 PMCID: PMC11091666 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2308.08026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
As a pivotal defensive line against multitudinous malignant tumors, natural killer (NK) cells exist in the tumor microenvironment (TME). RAD18 E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase (RAD18) has been reported to foster the malignant progression of multiple cancers, but its effect on NK function has not been mined. Here, the study was designed to mine the mechanism by which RAD18 regulates the killing effect of NK cells on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Expression of E2F Transcription Factor 7 (E2F7) and RAD18 in CRC tissues, their correlation, binding sites, and RAD18 enrichment pathway were analyzed by bioinformatics. Expression of E2F7 and RAD18 in cells was assayed by qRT-PCR and western blot. Dual-luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay verified the regulatory relationship between E2F7 and RAD18. CCK-8 assay was utilized to assay cell viability, colony formation assay to detect cell proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test to assay NK cell cytotoxicity, ELISA to assay levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and immunofluorescence to detect expression of toxic molecules perforin and granzyme B. High expression of RAD18 and E2F7 was found in CRC tissues and cells. Silencing RAD18 could hamper the proliferation of CRC cells, foster viability and cytotoxicity of NK cells, and increase the secretion of GM-CSF, TNF-α, IFN-γ as well as the expression of perforin and granzyme B. Additionally, ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assay ascertained the binding relationship between RAD18 promoter region and E2F7. E2F7 could activate the transcription of RAD18, and silencing RAD18 reversed the inhibitory effect of E2F7 overexpression on NK cell killing. This work clarified the inhibitory effect of the E2F7/RAD18 axis on NK cell killing in CRC, and proffered a new direction for immunotherapy of CRC in targeted immune microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingdong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Union Jiangbei Hospital Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430100, P.R. China
| | - Binghua Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huai'an Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an City, 223001, P.R. China
| | - Hengjin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huai'an Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an City, 223001, P.R. China
| | - He Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huai'an Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an City, 223001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huai'an Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an City, 223001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bainbridge LJ, Daigaku Y. Adaptive use of error-prone DNA polymerases provides flexibility in genome replication during tumorigenesis. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 38651239 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cells possess many different polymerase enzymes, which collaborate in conducting DNA replication and genome maintenance to ensure faithful duplication of genetic material. Each polymerase performs a specialized role, together providing a balance of accuracy and flexibility to the replication process. Perturbed replication increases the requirement for flexibility to ensure duplication of the entire genome. Flexibility is provided via the use of error-prone polymerases, which maintain the progression of challenged DNA replication at the expense of mutagenesis, an enabling characteristic of cancer. This review describes our recent understanding of mechanisms that alter the usage of polymerases during tumorigenesis and examines the implications of this for cell survival and tumor progression. Although expression levels of polymerases are often misregulated in cancers, this does not necessarily alter polymerase usage since an additional regulatory step may govern the use of these enzymes. We therefore also examine how the regulatory mechanisms of DNA polymerases, such as Rad18-mediated PCNA ubiquitylation, may impact the functionalization of error-prone polymerases to tolerate oncogene-induced replication stress. Crucially, it is becoming increasingly evident that cancer cells utilize error-prone polymerases to sustain ongoing replication in response to oncogenic mutations which inactivate key DNA replication and repair pathways, such as BRCA deficiency. This accelerates mutagenesis and confers chemoresistance, but also presents a dependency that can potentially be exploited by therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Bainbridge
- Cancer Genome Dynamics Project, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Daigaku
- Cancer Genome Dynamics Project, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang WM, Tian JY, Guo YH, Qiu LH, Luo XY, Huang YY, Long H, Zhang LJ, Lin P, Xu XX, Wu LL, Ma GW. The molecular characteristics could supplement the staging system of pT2/T3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a translational study based on a cohort with over 20 years of follow-up. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:119. [PMID: 38553712 PMCID: PMC10981364 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to construct a model based on 23 enrolled molecules to evaluate prognoses of pT2/3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with up to 20 years of follow-up. METHODS The lasso-Cox model was used to identify the candidate molecule. A nomogram was conducted to develop the survival model (molecular score, MS) based on the molecular features. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used in this study. The concordance index (C-index) was measured to compare the predicted ability between different models. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 226 patients and 23 proteins were enrolled in this study. Patients were classified into high-risk (MS-H) and low-risk (MS-L) groups based on the MS score of 227. The survival curves showed that the MS-L cohort had better 5-year and 10-year survival rates than the MS-H group (5-year OS: 51.0% vs. 8.0%; 10-year OS: 45.0% vs. 5.0%, all p < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariable analysis confirmed MS as an independent prognostic factor after eliminating the confounding factors (Hazard ratio 3.220, p < 0.001). The pT classification was confirmed to differentiate ESCC patients' prognosis (Log-rank: p = 0.029). However, the combination of pT and MS could classify survival curves evidently (overall p < 0.001), which showed that the prognostic prediction efficiency was improved significantly by the combination of the pT and MS than by the classical pT classification (C-index: 0.656 vs. 0.539, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested an MS for significant clinical stratification of T2/3N0M0 ESCC patients to screen out subgroups with poor prognoses. Besides, the combination of pT staging and MS could predict survival more accurately for this cohort than the pT staging system alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Mei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Han Guo
- Department of Scientific Research, Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Li-Hong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Hao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Lan-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China.
- Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, 201100, P. R. China.
| | - Lei-Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Guo-Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kalweit K, Gölling V, Kosan C, Jungnickel B. Role of Rad18 in B cell activation and lymphomagenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7066. [PMID: 38528023 PMCID: PMC10963733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genome integrity is instrumental in preventing cancer. In addition to DNA repair pathways that prevent damage to DNA, damage tolerance pathways allow for the survival of cells that encounter DNA damage during replication. The Rad6/18 pathway is instrumental in this process, mediating damage bypass by ubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Previous studies have shown different roles of Rad18 in vivo and in tumorigenesis. Here, we show that B cells induce Rad18 expression upon proliferation induction. We have therefore analysed the role of Rad18 in B cell activation as well as in B cell lymphomagenesis mediated by an Eµ-Myc transgene. We find no activation defects or survival differences between Rad18 WT mice and two different models of Rad18 deficient tumour mice. Also, tumour subtypes do not differ between the mouse models. Accordingly, functions of Rad18 in B cell activation and tumorigenesis may be compensated for by other pathways in B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kalweit
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Hans Knöll Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Vanessa Gölling
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Hans Knöll Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Kosan
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Hans Knöll Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Berit Jungnickel
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Hans Knöll Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun J, Liu W, Fu H, Li Y, Huang J, Wang Y, Zhu L. C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 inhibition promotes the effect of plantamajoside in hepatocellular carcinoma. Arab J Gastroenterol 2024; 25:28-36. [PMID: 38220479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and, more than half of these cases are diagnosed in China. However, effective treatment for HCC is still limited. MATERIAL AND METHODS C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) was first activated and inhibited in HepG2 cells using a pharmacological method. HepG2 cell proliferation was detected using the CCK-8 method. Metastasis and apoptosis of HepG2 cells were detected using wound healing and flow cytometry. The expression of each target molecule related to metastasis and invasion, such as MMPs, E-cadherin and the PI3K/AKT/Mcl-1/PARP signaling pathway was detected by western blotting. The secretion of molecular metastases was detected using competitive ELISA. RESULTS This study constructed a CXCR4 activation and inhibition model in HepG2 cells. CXCR4 inhibition promoted the inhibitory effect of plantamajoside on the proliferation and metastasis of cells, which led to apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was increased after treatment with plantamajoside combined with CXCR4 inhibition. In addition, the expression and secretion of pro-metastatic proteins, including MMPs and E-cadherin were decreased. We also noticed that this effect might be mediated by the PI3K/AKT/Mcl-1/PARP signaling pathway. CONCLUSION CXCR4 inhibition may contribute to the treatment of HCC. Inhibition of CXCR4 expression contributes to the therapeutic effect of plantamajoside; the effect of plantamajoside might be mediated by the PI3K/AKT/Mcl-1/PARP signaling pathway; and CXCR4 might be a therapeutic target of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Sun
- General Surgery Department of Characteristic Medical Center of PAP, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Emergency Medicine Department of Shandong Corps Hospital of PAP, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Reproductive Department of Characteristic Medical Center of PAP, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yibei Li
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohamed OM, ElBaz GA, Hegazy EM, Helmy YS. Effect of Nigella sativa Versus Wheat Germ Oil on the Healing of Traumatic Ulcers in Albino Rats. Cureus 2024; 16:e52432. [PMID: 38371095 PMCID: PMC10869994 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Nigella sativa (NS) oil has been used as an ointment for relief from abscesses, nasal ulcers, orchitis, eczema, and swollen joints. The nutritional and biological values of wheat germ oil (WGO) are imperative points for testing its wound healing properties in traumatic ulcer. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the ability of NS versus WGO in promoting the healing of induced traumatic ulcer in albino rats clinically and histologically. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out after the approval of the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, in Ismailia, Egypt, on 60 albino rats with induced labial ulcer according to calculated sample size. All animals were anaesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 10% ketamine. The ulcer was produced on the labial mucosa corresponding to the midline between the lower two incisors of each rat. After induction of the ulcer, rats were randomly divided into four groups according to the treatment medicament: Group A (negative control group): 15 rats which remained without treatment; Group B (positive control): 15 rats which received daily a topical application of 1 ml of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and lidocaine gel; Group C (NS group): 15 rats which received a daily topical application of 1 mm of NS oil painted by a brush covering the whole area of the ulcer; and Group D (WGO group): 15 rats which received 1 mm of WGO. The ulcers were measured using a digital caliper and were recorded using a digital camera at days 0, 3, 7, and 9, the largest (D) and smallest (d) diameters of the lesion were recorded, and the ulcer area was calculated using the following formula: A=π×D/2×d/2. Tissue samples were taken for histological examination, and the labial mucosa was dissected out and embedded in paraffin wax blocks. The blocks were cut with microtome to obtain sections of 4-5 μm thickness to be stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain and Masson's trichrome stain. All sections were examined under a light microscope, and the presence of inflammatory cells and collagen tissue remodeling were evaluated. RESULTS Within the control group, there are statistically non-significant changes in the mean of the surface area of ulcer when comparing changes in 10 rats who survived till the seventh day and inflammatory cell count when comparing changes in five rats who were sacrificed at the seventhday. There was a significant decrease in surface area and inflammatory cell count in five rats who survived till the ninth day. Within the WGO group only, all survived rats had healed ulcer at the ninth day. There is a significant decrease in inflammatory cell count in five rats who survived till the ninth day. CONCLUSION WGO was significantly more effective in the treatment of animal-induced ulcer compared to NS oil or CPC and lidocaine oral gel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Mohamed
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EGY
| | - Ghada A ElBaz
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EGY
| | - Enas M Hegazy
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EGY
| | - Yousra S Helmy
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EGY
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang M, Shao Y, Gu W. The Mechanism of Ubiquitination or Deubiquitination Modifications in Regulating Solid Tumor Radiosensitivity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3240. [PMID: 38137461 PMCID: PMC10741492 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy, a treatment method employing radiation to eradicate tumor cells and subsequently reduce or eliminate tumor masses, is widely applied in the management of numerous patients with tumors. However, its therapeutic effectiveness is somewhat constrained by various drug-resistant factors. Recent studies have highlighted the ubiquitination/deubiquitination system, a reversible molecular modification pathway, for its dual role in influencing tumor behaviors. It can either promote or inhibit tumor progression, impacting tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and associated therapeutic resistance. Consequently, delving into the potential mechanisms through which ubiquitination and deubiquitination systems modulate the response to radiotherapy in malignant tumors holds paramount significance in augmenting its efficacy. In this paper, we comprehensively examine the strides made in research and the pertinent mechanisms of ubiquitination and deubiquitination systems in governing radiotherapy resistance in tumors. This underscores the potential for developing diverse radiosensitizers targeting distinct mechanisms, with the aim of enhancing the effectiveness of radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingjie Shao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China;
| | - Wendong Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang H, Wei Z, Song Y, Du K, Yin N, Lu H, Li B, Hou L, Xing P, Chen L, Wang C, Xie S. NUAK1 promotes tumor metastasis through upregulating slug transcription in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:258. [PMID: 37919754 PMCID: PMC10621130 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is still a major cause of poor pathological outcome and prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. NUAK1 has been reported highly expressed in many human cancers and is associated with the poor prognosis of cancer patients. However, the role of NUAK1 and its underlying signaling mechanism in ESCC metastasis remain unclear. METHODS Expression of NUAK1 in ESCC was detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. MTT, colony formation, wound-healing and transwell assays were used to determine the role NUAK1 in vitro. Metastasis was evaluated by use of an experimental pulmonary metastasis model in BALB/c-nu/nu mice. The mechanisms were assessed by using coimmunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence and dual-luciferase reporter gene experiments. RESULTS NUAK1 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues compared with the adjacent normal esophageal epithelial tissues. Moreover, the elevated expression of NUAK1 positively correlated with tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, pathological TNM stage, and poor survival in ESCC patients. Further experiments showed that NUAK1 overexpression did not change the cell viability and colony formation of ESCC cells, while remarkably promoted the migration and invasion in vitro and experimental pulmonary metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, NUAK1 enhanced the transcription level of Slug, which enhanced the migratory and invasive capability of ESCC cells. Consistently, silencing Slug almost completely diminished the migration and invasion of NUAK1-overexpressing ESCC cells. Further studies demonstrated that NUAK1 upregulated the transcription activity of Slug through activating the JNK/c-Jun pathway. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that NUAK1 promoted the metastasis of ESCC cells through activating JNK/c-Jun/Slug signaling, indicating NUAK1 is a promising therapeutic target for metastatic ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yifan Song
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Kexin Du
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Nannan Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Lili Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Panfei Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Chaojie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Songqiang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
- The Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xia D, Zhu X, Wang Y, Gong P, Su HS, Xu X. Implications of ubiquitination and the maintenance of replication fork stability in cancer therapy. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20222591. [PMID: 37728310 PMCID: PMC10550789 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication forks are subject to intricate surveillance and strict regulation by sophisticated cellular machinery. Such close regulation is necessary to ensure the accurate duplication of genetic information and to tackle the diverse endogenous and exogenous stresses that impede this process. Stalled replication forks are vulnerable to collapse, which is a major cause of genomic instability and carcinogenesis. Replication stress responses, which are organized via a series of coordinated molecular events, stabilize stalled replication forks and carry out fork reversal and restoration. DNA damage tolerance and repair pathways such as homologous recombination and Fanconi anemia also contribute to replication fork stabilization. The signaling network that mediates the transduction and interplay of these pathways is regulated by a series of post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination, which affects the activity, stability, and interactome of substrates. In particular, the ubiquitination of replication protein A and proliferating cell nuclear antigen at stalled replication forks promotes the recruitment of downstream regulators. In this review, we describe the ubiquitination-mediated signaling cascades that regulate replication fork progression and stabilization. In addition, we discuss the targeting of replication fork stability and ubiquitination system components as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Xia
- Shenzhen University General Hospital-Dehua Hospital Joint Research Center on Precision Medicine (sgh-dhhCPM), Dehua Hospital, Dehua, Quanzhou 362500, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors and Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors and Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Hong-Shu Su
- Shenzhen University General Hospital-Dehua Hospital Joint Research Center on Precision Medicine (sgh-dhhCPM), Dehua Hospital, Dehua, Quanzhou 362500, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Shenzhen University General Hospital-Dehua Hospital Joint Research Center on Precision Medicine (sgh-dhhCPM), Dehua Hospital, Dehua, Quanzhou 362500, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu Y, Zhou X, Gao L, Yan S, Li Z, Zhang D, Pu J, Zou S, Mao Z. Identification of HAGHL as a novel metabolic oncogene regulating human colorectal cancer progression. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:1033-1042. [PMID: 36417085 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer development remains the most challenging obstacle in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. The current study aims to identify and demonstrate novel oncogenes for CRC. METHODS The CRC data of the Cancer Genome Atlas database and the Gene Expression Omnibus database were subjected to bioinformatics analysis to identify the novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CRC. Immunohistochemical assay, western blot, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to analyze hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase-like (HAGHL) gene expression in CRC tissues and cultured CRC cells. D-Lactate colorimetric assay was applied to determine concentration of D-lactate in supernatants from CRC tissues and cell culture medium. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, tumor xenografts experiment, and TUNEL staining analysis were performed to evaluate the function of HAGHL in CRC. RESULTS We comprehensively analyzed the CRC data of the Cancer Genome Atlas database and the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and identified several novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CRC, including HAGHL, DNTTIP1, DHX34, and AP1S3. The expression of HAGHL, the strongest oncogenic activity gene, is positively related to D-lactate levels in CRC tissues and negatively associated with patient prognosis. HAGHL downregulation suppressed the production of D-lactate and induced apoptosis, resulting in inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro. In vivo experiment showed that knockdown of HAGHL induced cell apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that HAGHL acts as a novel metabolic oncogene and demonstrate the underlying mechanism by which HAGHL regulates CRC progression, highlighting its utility as a diagnostic and prognostic factor and as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Yan
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyun Li
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiyi Zhang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Pu
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shitao Zou
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 16 Baita West Road, Suzhou, 215001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongqi Mao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anand J, Chiou L, Sciandra C, Zhang X, Hong J, Wu D, Zhou P, Vaziri C. Roles of trans-lesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad005. [PMID: 36755961 PMCID: PMC9900426 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage tolerance and mutagenesis are hallmarks and enabling characteristics of neoplastic cells that drive tumorigenesis and allow cancer cells to resist therapy. The 'Y-family' trans-lesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases enable cells to replicate damaged genomes, thereby conferring DNA damage tolerance. Moreover, Y-family DNA polymerases are inherently error-prone and cause mutations. Therefore, TLS DNA polymerases are potential mediators of important tumorigenic phenotypes. The skin cancer-propensity syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum-variant (XPV) results from defects in the Y-family DNA Polymerase Pol eta (Polη) and compensatory deployment of alternative inappropriate DNA polymerases. However, the extent to which dysregulated TLS contributes to the underlying etiology of other human cancers is unclear. Here we consider the broad impact of TLS polymerases on tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. We survey the ways in which TLS DNA polymerases are pathologically altered in cancer. We summarize evidence that TLS polymerases shape cancer genomes, and review studies implicating dysregulated TLS as a driver of carcinogenesis. Because many cancer treatment regimens comprise DNA-damaging agents, pharmacological inhibition of TLS is an attractive strategy for sensitizing tumors to genotoxic therapies. Therefore, we discuss the pharmacological tractability of the TLS pathway and summarize recent progress on development of TLS inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Anand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lilly Chiou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Carly Sciandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brennan J, Lu ML, Kang Y. A New Model of Esophageal Cancers by Using a Detergent-Free Decellularized Matrix in a Perfusion Bioreactor. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:96. [PMID: 36671668 PMCID: PMC9854977 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of physiologically relevant human esophageal cancer models has as a result that many esophageal cancer studies are encountering major bottleneck challenges in achieving breakthrough progress. To address the issue, here we engineered a 3D esophageal tumor tissue model using a biomimetic decellularized esophageal matrix in a customized bioreactor. To obtain a biomimetic esophageal matrix, we developed a detergent-free, rapid decellularization method to decellularize porcine esophagus. We characterized the decellularized esophageal matrix (DEM) and utilized the DEM for the growth of esophageal cancer cell KYSE30 in well plates and the bioreactor. We then analyzed the expression of cancer-related markers of KYSE30 cells and compared them with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue biospecimens. Our results show that the detergent-free decellularization method preserved the esophageal matrix components and effectively removed cell nucleus. KYSE30 cancer cells proliferated well on and inside the DEM. KYSE30 cells cultured on the DEM in the dynamic bioreactor show different cancer marker expressions than those in the static well plate, and also share some similarities to the FFPE-ESCC biospecimens. These findings built a foundation with potential for further study of esophageal cancer behavior in a biomimetic microenvironment using this new esophageal cancer model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Brennan
- Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Michael L. Lu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Faculty of Integrative Biology PhD Program, Department of Biological Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Yunqing Kang
- Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Faculty of Integrative Biology PhD Program, Department of Biological Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang L, Guo M, Gao L, Liu K, Bai J, Liu Z. JNK2 Promotes Progression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Inhibiting Axin2. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2977-2987. [PMID: 37957865 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128261624231030110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dysregulation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway has been increasingly reported in human malignancies. Aberrant expression of the JNK pathway has also been implicated in the progression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC). However, the specific role and regulatory mechanisms of JNK2 in ESCC have not been extensively investigated. METHODS In this study, we examined JNK2 expression in patient samples and performed experiments involving the knockdown and inhibition of the JNK2 in ESCC cell lines. RESULTS Higher JNK2 expression was observed in tumor tissues compared to adjacent tissues. JNK2 overexpression was associated with advanced disease stages and poor prognosis. Furthermore, knockdown or inhibition of JNK2 in ESCC cell lines resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSION Additionally, a significant decrease in the expression of β-catenin and vimentin, along with an increase in the expression of Axin2, was observed upon downregulation of JNK2. Our study provides insight into the role of JNK2 in ESCC and its potential regulatory mechanism, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for ESCC patients with aberrant JNK2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Gao
- Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Jiawei Bai
- Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
High-fidelity DNA replication is critical for the faithful transmission of genetic information to daughter cells. Following genotoxic stress, specialized DNA damage tolerance pathways are activated to ensure replication fork progression. These pathways include translesion DNA synthesis, template switching and repriming. In this Review, we describe how DNA damage tolerance pathways impact genome stability, their connection with tumorigenesis and their effects on cancer therapy response. We discuss recent findings that single-strand DNA gap accumulation impacts chemoresponse and explore a growing body of evidence that suggests that different DNA damage tolerance factors, including translesion synthesis polymerases, template switching proteins and enzymes affecting single-stranded DNA gaps, represent useful cancer targets. We further outline how the consequences of DNA damage tolerance mechanisms could inform the discovery of new biomarkers to refine cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cybulla
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alessandro Vindigni
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sucularli C. Identification of BRIP1, NSMCE2, ANAPC7, RAD18 and TTL from chromosome segregation gene set associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Genet 2022; 268-269:28-36. [PMID: 36126360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most frequent cancers with high mortality rate worldwide. METHODS TCGA LIHC HTseq counts were analyzed. GSEA was performed with GO BP gene sets. GO analysis was performed with differentially expressed genes. The subset of genes contributing most of the enrichment result of GO_BP_CHROMOSOME_SEGREGATION of GSEA were identified. Five genes have been selected in this subset of genes for further analysis. A microarray data set, GSE112790, was analyzed as a validation data set. Survival analysis was performed. RESULTS According to GSEA and GO analysis several gene sets and processes related to chromosome segregation were enriched in LIHC. GO_BP_CHROMOSOME_SEGREGATION gene set from GSEA had the highest size of the genes contributing most of the enrichment. Five genes in this gene set; BRIP1, NSMCE2, ANAPC7, RAD18 and TTL, whose expressions and prognostic values have not been studied in hepatocellular carcinoma in detail, have been selected for further analyses. Expression of these five genes were identified as significantly upregulated in LIHC RNA-seq and HCC microarray data set. Survival analysis showed that high expression of the five genes was associated with poor overall survival in HCC patients. CONCLUSION Selected genes were upregulated and had prognostic value in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Sucularli
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li X, Zou S, Zhou L, Gao A, Xu J, He C, Zhou J, Wu S, Chen Y. RAD18
confers radioresistance of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma through regulating
p‐DNA‐PKcs. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3809-3819. [PMID: 35426246 PMCID: PMC9582675 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy has recently become more common for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Radioresistance, on the other hand, continues to be a major issue because it interferes with the effectiveness of ESCC radiation. It has been demonstrated that RAD18, an E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase that regulates translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), is implicated in the regulation of genomic integrity and DNA damage response. Methods In the present study, immunohistochemical staining and western blotting were utilized to determine RAD18 expression in ESCC tissues and cells. ESCC cell proliferation was determined using a colony formation assay. Immunofluorescence staining, comet assay, and homologous recombination (HR)/non‐homologous end‐joining (NHEJ) assays were conducted to examine the effect of RAD18 on the DNA damage response in ESCC cells. Results We found that high RAD18 expression was positively associated with a poorer prognosis in patients with ESCC who received radiotherapy. Downregulation of RAD18 expression significantly increased the sensitivity of ESCC cells to irradiation. Moreover, RAD18 knockdown prolonged the repair kinetics of γH2AX foci and resulted in longer comet tails. Furthermore, loss of RAD18 expression markedly decreased non‐homologous end‐joining (NHEJ) activity, but it did not affect homologous recombination (HR)‐mediated double‐strand break repair in ESCC cells. RAD18 upregulated p‐DNA‐dependent protein kinase complex (p‐DNA‐PKc) expression in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions These data indicated that RAD18 may regulate radioresistance by facilitating NHEJ via phosphorylation of DNA‐PKcs in ESCC cells, providing a novel radiotherapy target for ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Shitao Zou
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Liangsu Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Aidi Gao
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Chao He
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jundong Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Department of Geriatrics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yihong Chen
- Department of Radiation The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanna Medical College Wuhu Anhui China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yan X, He Y, Yang S, Zeng T, Hua Y, Bao S, Yang F, Duan N, Sun C, Liang Y, Fu Z, Huang X, Li W, Yin Y. A positive feedback loop: RAD18-YAP-TGF-β between triple-negative breast cancer and macrophages regulates cancer stemness and progression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:196. [PMID: 35413945 PMCID: PMC9005530 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00968-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As a key regulator of the DNA translesion synthesis (TLS) pathway, RAD18 is error-prone and contributes to the accumulation of DNA mutations. Our previous study showed that it plays an essential role in the progression of multiple tumors. However, the mechanism through which RAD18 influences triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), especially the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, remains elusive. In this study, we showed that RAD18 expression is markedly higher in patients with high T stage TNBC and inversely correlated with prognosis. High expression of RAD18 facilitated a highly stem-cell phenotype through the Hippo/YAP pathway, which supports the proliferation of TNBC. In addition, the cytokine byproduct TGF-β activates macrophages to have an M2-like tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotype. Reciprocally, TGF-β from TAMs activated RAD18 in TNBC to enhance tumor stemness, forming a positive feedback loop. Inhibition of YAP or TGF-β breaks this loop and suppresses cancer stemness and proliferation In nude mice, RAD18 promoted subcutaneous transplanted tumor growth and M2-type TAM recruitment. Collectively, the RAD18-YAP-TGF-β loop is essential for the promotion of the stemness phenotype by TNBC and could be a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Yan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaozhou He
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyu Zeng
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijia Hua
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Bao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningjun Duan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zeng X, Zheng W, Sheng Y, Ma H. UBE2B promotes ovarian cancer growth via promoting RAD18 mediated ZMYM2 monoubiquitination and stabilization. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8000-8012. [PMID: 35313791 PMCID: PMC9161992 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2048991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 B (UBE2B) can form a heterodimer with ubiquitin E3 ligase RAD18. In this study, we aimed to explore new substrates of the UBE2B/RAD18 complex and their regulatory effects in ovarian cancer. Protein physical interactions were predicted using GeneMANIA. Serial sections of commercial ovarian cancer tissue arrays were used to check the protein expression of UBE2B, RAD18, and ZMYM2. Immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to check their location and interactions. Cycloheximide chase assay was applied to explore the influence of UBE2B and RAD18 on ZMYM2 degradation. Xenograft tumor models were constructed to assess the influence of the UBE2B-ZMYM2 axis on in vivo tumor growth. A strong positive correlation between UBE2B and ZMYM2 and a moderate positive correlation between RAD18 and ZMYM2 were observed in 23 ovarian cancer cases. In CAOV4 and OVCAR3 cells, myc-ZMYM2 interacted with UBE2B and RAD18. UBE2B and ZMYM2 could be detected in the samples immunoprecipitated by anti-RAD18. UBE2B overexpression or knockdown did not alter ZMYM2 mRNA expression. UBE2B overexpression increased ZMYM2 monoubiquitination but reduced its polyubiquitination. RAD18 knockdown impaired UBE2B-induced ZMYM2 monoubiquitination. UBE2B overexpression significantly enhanced the stability of ZMYM2 protein, the effect of which was weakened by RAD18 knockdown. UBE2B overexpression significantly enhanced the growth of xenograft tumors derived from CAOV4 cells. ZMYM2 knockdown remarkedly suppressed tumor growth and impaired the growth-promoting effect of UBE2B overexpression. In conclusion, this study revealed a novel regulatory effect of the UBE2B/RAD18 complex on ZMYM2 monoubiquitination and stability in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuting Sheng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu Y, Zhu X, Zhang W, Bian T, Wu Z, Zhang J, Qiu H, Hu Y, Feng J, Shi J. RASSF10 exhibits tumor‑suppressing potential involving tumor proliferation, metastasis and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:80. [PMID: 35211758 PMCID: PMC8892611 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that Ras-association domain family 10 (RASSF10) is a novel tumor-suppressor gene that is involved in the inhibition of tumor progression and metastasis; however, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of RASSF10 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not yet been thoroughly elucidated. The expression of RASSF10 in ESCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues was investigated employing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays of tissue microarrays. The function of RASSF10 in ESCC cell growth, migration and invasion was determined by CCK-8, colony formation, scratch wound healing and Transwell invasion assays, respectively. The correlation between RASSF10 and markers related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was evaluated by tissue microarray (TMA)-IHC, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RASSF10 was found to be highly downregulated in ESCC tissues compared with that noted in the adjacent non-tumor tissues, and closely correlated with tumor progression and patient prognosis. Moreover, functional studies demonstrated that RASSF10 overexpression not only resulted in reduced cell growth and colony formation but also inhibited migration and invasion of the ESCC cells. Tumor RASSF10 expression was positively correlated with E-cadherin expression and negatively correlated with vimentin. In addition, it was demonstrated that the antineoplastic functions of RASSF10 mediate inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ESCC. Our findings revealed that RASSF10 may constitute a prognostic factor for ESCC patients and a crucial candidate for targeted therapy against ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Bian
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hai'an Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Department of Respiration, Nantong Geriatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Branch of the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Yingzi Hu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Cardio‑Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang L, Ye T, Wang J, Gu X, Ma R, Sheng L, Ma B. Identification of Survival-Associated Hub Genes in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Based on WGCNA. Front Genet 2022; 12:814798. [PMID: 35047023 PMCID: PMC8762281 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.814798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Since little clinical symptoms were shown in the early period of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, most patients were found to carry metastases when diagnosis. The lack of effective diagnosis biomarkers and therapeutic targets makes pancreatic adenocarcinoma difficult to screen and cure. The fundamental problem is we know very little about the regulatory mechanisms during carcinogenesis. Here, we employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to build gene interaction network using expression profile of pancreatic adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). STRING was used for the construction and visualization of biological networks. A total of 22 modules were detected in the network, among which yellow and pink modules showed the most significant associations with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Dozens of new genes including PKMYT1, WDHD1, ASF1B, and RAD18 were identified. Further survival analysis yielded their valuable effects on the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Our study pioneered network-based algorithm in the application of tumor etiology and discovered several promising regulators for pancreatic adenocarcinoma detection and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaojing Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ruiting Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lulu Sheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Binwu Ma
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang S, Zhou T, Wang Z, Yi F, Li C, Guo W, Xu H, Cui H, Dong X, Liu J, Song X, Cao L. Post-Translational Modifications of PCNA in Control of DNA Synthesis and DNA Damage Tolerance-the Implications in Carcinogenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4047-4059. [PMID: 34671219 PMCID: PMC8495385 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The faithful DNA replication is a critical event for cell survival and inheritance. However, exogenous or endogenous sources of damage challenge the accurate synthesis of DNA, which causes DNA lesions. The DNA lesions are obstacles for replication fork progression. However, the prolonged replication fork stalling leads to replication fork collapse, which may cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). In order to maintain genomic stability, eukaryotic cells evolve translesion synthesis (TLS) and template switching (TS) to resolve the replication stalling. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) trimer acts as a slide clamp and encircles DNA to orchestrate DNA synthesis and DNA damage tolerance (DDT). The post-translational modifications (PTMs) of PCNA regulate these functions to ensure the appropriate initiation and termination of replication and DDT. The aberrant regulation of PCNA PTMs will result in DSB, which causes mutagenesis and poor response to chemotherapy. Here, we review the roles of the PCNA PTMs in DNA duplication and DDT. We propose that clarifying the regulation of PCNA PTMs may provide insights into understanding the development of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Fei Yi
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Chunlu Li
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Wendong Guo
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Hongde Xu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Xiang Dong
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang M, Bai X, Zeng X, Liu J, Liu F, Zhang Z. circRNA-miRNA-mRNA in breast cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:120-130. [PMID: 34537217 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Among cancers, breast cancer has the highest incidence rate among women and poses a tremendous threat to women's health. Messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) play vital roles in the progression of breast cancer through a variety of biological effects and mechanisms. Recently, the regulatory network formed by circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs has piqued attention and garnered interest. CircRNAs bind to miRNAs through a regulatory mechanism in which endogenous RNAs compete to indirectly regulate the expression of mRNA corresponding to downstream target genes of miRNAs, contributing to the progression of breast cancer. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis may be a marker for the early diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer and a potential breast cancer treatment target, providing unlimited possibilities for the development of breast cancer biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. This article reviews recent research progress on the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis as a regulatory network of competing endogenous RNAs in breast cancer. Herein, we focus on the mechanism and function of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in the occurrence and metastasis of breast cancer, and resistance to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meilan Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hunan, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hunan, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hunan, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jiangrong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hunan, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hunan, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hunan, Hengyang 421001, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu Y, Li Z, Huai T, Huo X, Wang H, Bian E, Zhao B. DNMT1 Mediated CAHM Repression Promotes Glioma Invasion via SPAK/JNK Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2643-2653. [PMID: 34227028 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common and fatal brain tumors worldwide. Abnormal DNA promoter methylation is an important mechanism for gene loss of tumor suppressors. A long non-coding RNA colorectal adenocarcinoma hypermethylated (CAHM) has been reported to be nearly deleted in glioblastomas (GBMs). Nevertheless, the roles of CAHM in gliomas remain unknown up to now. In the present study, 969 glioma samples downloaded from the CGGA and Gravendeel databases were included. We found that CAHM expression was correlated with glioma grades, molecular subtype, IDH mutation status, and 1q/19p codel status. In glioma cells, CAHM is hypermethylated by DNA methyltransferase1 (DNMT1) and the loss of CAHM expression could be reversed by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), a specific inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases. Besides, the expression of CAHM was negatively associated with overall survival in both primary and recurrent gliomas. Moreover, the result of Gene Ontology (GO) analysis suggested that CAHM participated in negatively regulating cell development, nervous system development, neurogenesis, and integrin-mediated signaling pathway. Overexpression of CAHM inhibited glioma cell proliferation, clone formation, and invasion. Further exploring results showed that CAHM overexpression suppressed glioma migration and invasion through SPAK/MAPK pathway. Collectively, this study disclosed that CAHM might be a suppressor in gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Xu
- Ultrasonography Department, Hubei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zelin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Tian Huai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiuhao Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Erbao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China. .,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu X, Nie J, Lu L, Du C, Meng F, Song D. YAP-TEAD up-regulates IRS2 expression to induce and deteriorate oesophageal cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2584-2595. [PMID: 33570213 PMCID: PMC7933937 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer (EC) represents a significant cause of cancer worldwide. Yes‐associated protein (YAP) is reported to correlate with the initiation of multiple cancers including EC, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The current study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of YAP‐TEAD in the occurrence and progression of EC. EC tissues and cells were obtained, followed by determination of the expression of YAP, c‐Jun, pc‐Jun and IRS2. The effect of YAP‐TEAD on the biological EC cell processes was explored through gain‐ and loss‐of‐function approaches. The interaction between YAP and TEAD was detected by co‐immunoprecipitation. The binding of TEAD to the c‐Jun promoter was determined using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Tumour formation in the nude mice was detected in order to ascertain the effect of YAP and IRS2 in vivo. We found elevated YAP in the EC tissues and cells. YAP silencing led to a decrease in EC cell proliferation, invasion and sphere formation. YAP‐TEAD complex bound to the promotor of c‐Jun, and c‐Jun led to an increase in the expression of IRS2 through the JNK/c‐Jun pathway. Additionally, pc‐Jun and phosphorylated JNK were localized in the nuclear in addition to displaying enhanced expression in the EC tissues. IRS2 overexpression negated the inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion and sphere formation triggering YAP silencing. YAP up‐regulated IRS2 and aggravated EC in vivo. Taken together, YAP‐TEAD activates the JNK/c‐Jun pathway to up‐regulate IRS2, ultimately promoting EC progression. Therefore, YAP‐TEAD inhibition could be a promising therapeutic approach for EC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Jiao Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Chao Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Fansheng Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Duannuo Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pan C, Zhang L, Meng X, Qin H, Xiang Z, Gong W, Luo W, Li D, Han X. Chronic exposure to microcystin-LR increases the risk of prostate cancer and induces malignant transformation of human prostate epithelial cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128295. [PMID: 33297237 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins-LR (MC-LR) acts as a possible carcinogen for humans and causes a serious risk to public environmental health. The current study aimed to evaluate the interaction between MC-LR exposure and prostate cancer development and elucidate the underlying mechanism. In this study, mice were exposed to MC-LR at various doses for 180 days. MC-LR was able to induce the progression of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and microinvasion. Furthermore, MC-LR notably increased angiogenesis and susceptibility to prostate cancer in vivo. In vitro, over 25 weeks of MC-LR exposure, normal human prostate epithelial (RWPE-1) cells increased secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and colony formation, features typical for cancer cells. These MC-LR-transformed prostate epithelial cells displayed increased expression of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); abrogation of FOXM1 or COX-2 activity by specific inhibitors could abolish the invasion and migration of MC-LR-treated cells. In conclusion, we have provided compelling evidence demonstrating the induction of a malignant phenotype in human prostate epithelial cells and the in vivo development of prostate cancer by exposure to MC-LR, which might be a potential tumor promoter in the progression of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiannan Meng
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Haixiang Qin
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenyue Gong
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Long non-coding RNA LINC00858 aggravates the oncogenic phenotypes of ovarian cancer cells through miR-134-5p/RAD18 signaling. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 302:1243-1254. [PMID: 32875345 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological cancer. Herein, we focused on the function and probable mechanisms of LINC00858 in ovarian cancer. METHODS Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed for detecting the expression of LINC00858, miR-134-5p and RAD18 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (RAD18). Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), transwell, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) and western bolt experiments, as appropriate. Interplays between LINC00858, miR-134-5p and RAD18 were detected by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull down and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS LINC00858 were up-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues and cells, and its expression was elevated in advanced samples compared to early ones. Knocking down LINC00858 inhibited cell proliferation, motility and EMT, but accelerated cell apoptosis in ovarian cancer. Moreover, could be sponged by LINC00858 sponged miR-134-5p to enhance RAD18 expression in ovarian cancer. Also, silenced RAD18 could also restrain oncogenic behaviors of ovarian cancer cells. Rescue experiments showed that overexpressing RAD18 reversed the effects caused by knocking down LINC00858 on cellular processes. CONCLUSION LINC00858 sequestered miR-134-5p to elevate RAD18 expression, resulting in aggravated development of ovarian cancer. This might provide promising targets for treating patients with ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
28
|
Anti-angiogenic effect of a chemically sulfated polysaccharide from Phellinus ribis by inhibiting VEGF/VEGFR pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
29
|
Zou Y, Zheng S, Xiao W, Xie X, Yang A, Gao G, Xiong Z, Xue Z, Tang H, Xie X. circRAD18 sponges miR-208a/3164 to promote triple-negative breast cancer progression through regulating IGF1 and FGF2 expression. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:1469-1479. [PMID: 31001629 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a new rising star of non-coding RNA, circular RNAs (circRNAs) emerged as vital regulators with biological functions in diverse of cancers. However, the function and precise mechanism of the vast majority of circRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) occurrence and progression have not been clearly elucidated. In the current study, we identified and further investigated hsa_circ_0002453 (circRAD18) by analyzing our previous microarray profiling. Expression of circRAD18 was found significantly upregulated in TNBC compared with normal mammary tissues and cell lines. circRAD18 was positively correlated with T stage, clinical stage and pathological grade and was an independent risk factor for TNBC patients. We performed proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, apoptosis and mouse xenograft assays to verify the functions of circRAD18. Knockdown of circRAD18 significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration, promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth in functional and xenograft experiments. Through luciferase reporter assays, we confirmed that circRAD18 acts as a sponge of miR-208a and miR-3164 and promotes TNBC progression through upregulating IGF1 and FGF2 expression. Altogether, our research revealed the pivotal role of circRAD18-miR-208a/3164-IGF1/FGF2 axis in TNBC tumorigenesis and metastasis though the mechanism of competing endogenous RNAs. Thus, circRAD18 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and potential target for TNBC treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Zou
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoquan Zheng
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikai Xiao
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Anli Yang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanfeng Gao
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenchong Xiong
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Xue
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Tang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zang H, Li Y, Zhang X, Huang G. Knockdown of circRAD18 Mitigates Breast Cancer Progression through the Regulation of miR-613/HK2 Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:3661-3672. [PMID: 32547203 PMCID: PMC7245444 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s243300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) remains the most prevalent malignancy and the leading cause of cancer death. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been discovered to serve as crucial regulators in BC. In the current work, we aimed to study the impact of circRAD18 (hsa_circ_0002453) on BC progression and mechanism governing it. Materials and Methods The expression levels of circRAD18, miR-613 and hexokinase 2 (HK2) mRNA were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CircRAD18 identification was performed using RNase R digestion and actinomycin D assay. Cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and glycolysis were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, transwell analysis and extracellular acidification rate detection assay, respectively. Western blot was used to assess the levels of E-Cadherin, Vimentin, N-Cadherin and HK2 protein. The targeted interplay between miR-613 and circRAD18 or HK2 was detected by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Xenograft model assay was performed to observe the role of circRAD18 in vivo. Results CircRAD18 was highly expressed in BC tissues and cells. CircRAD18 depletion hindered BC cell malignant behaviors, as evidenced by the inhibition in cell viability, colony formation, migration, invasion, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and glycolysis, as well as the promotion in cell apoptosis. CircRAD18 directly interacted with miR-613, and miR-613 mediated the repressive effect of circRAD18 knockdown on BC cell malignant behaviors. Moreover, HK2 was a direct target of miR-613, and circRAD18 positively regulated HK2 expression via sponging miR-613. Additionally, circRAD18 knockdown repressed tumor growth in vivo by miR-613. Conclusion Our current work suggested that circRAD18 silencing suppressed BC cell malignant behaviors in vitro and tumor growth in vivo at least partly via the regulation of the miR-613/HK2 axis, highlighting that circRAD18 might be a promising therapeutic target for BC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zang
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Guomin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Baatar S, Bai T, Yokobori T, Gombodorj N, Nakazawa N, Ubukata Y, Kimura A, Kogure N, Sano A, Sohda M, Sakai M, Tumenjargal A, Ogata K, Kuwano H, Shirabe K, Saeki H. High RAD18 Expression is Associated with Disease Progression and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:4360-4368. [PMID: 32356270 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RAD18 plays an important role in DNA damage repair by inducing monoubiquitinated PCNA (mUB-PCNA) in both cancer and normal tissues. Previous studies have not determined the significance of RAD18 expression in clinical gastric cancer (GC) samples. Thus, this study aimed to clarify the expression and functional significance of RAD18 in GC. METHODS Overall, 96 resected GC samples were subjected to an immunohistochemical analysis of RAD18. GC cell lines were also subjected to functional RNA interference analyses of RAD18. RESULTS RAD18 expression was predominantly nuclear and was observed at higher levels in GC tissues than in normal tissues. In GC tissues, strong RAD18 expression was associated with progression of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0001), lymphatic invasion (p = 0.0255), venous invasion (p < 0.0001), recurrence (p = 0.028), and disease stage (p = 0.0253). Moreover, GC patients with high tumor RAD18 expression had shorter overall survival (p = 0.0061) and recurrence-free survival durations (p = 0.035) than those with low tumor RAD18 expression. RAD18 knockdown inhibited GC proliferation and invasiveness and increased chemosensitivity by suppressing mUB-PCNA. CONCLUSIONS RAD18 expression may be a useful marker of progression and poor prognosis of GC. Moreover, therapeutic strategies that target RAD18 might be a novel chemosensitizer to eradicate the refractory GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seded Baatar
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tuya Bai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan. .,Research Program for Omics-Based Medical Science, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Navchaa Gombodorj
- Research Program for Omics-Based Medical Science, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Nobuhiro Nakazawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yasunari Ubukata
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akiharu Kimura
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Norimichi Kogure
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sohda
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Amartuvshin Tumenjargal
- Department of Bioimaging and Information Analysis, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Ogata
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li P, He C, Gao A, Yan X, Xia X, Zhou J, Wu J. RAD18 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by activating the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition pathway. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:213-223. [PMID: 32319669 PMCID: PMC7251712 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RAD18 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that has a role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression owing to its involvement in error-prone replication. Despite its significance, the function of RAD18 has not been fully examined in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present research, by collecting clinical samples and conducting immunohistochemical staining, we found that RAD18 expression was significantly increased in the CRC tissue compared with that noted in the adjacent non-cancerous normal tissues and that high expression of RAD18 was associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in CRC patients. In vitro, as determined by cell transfection, scratch, and Transwell experiments, it was also demonstrated that RAD18 increased the invasiveness and migration capacity of CRC cells (HCT116, DLD-1, SW480). The signaling pathway was analyzed by western blotting and the clinical data were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR, indicating that the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be involved in RAD18-mediated migration and invasion of CRC cells. All of the above data indicate that RAD18 is a novel prognostic biomarker that may become a potential therapeutic target for CRC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Chao He
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Aidi Gao
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Xueqi Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, P.R. China
| | - Jundong Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Jinchang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Esophageal Cancer Development: Crucial Clues Arising from the Extracellular Matrix. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020455. [PMID: 32079295 PMCID: PMC7072790 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been reported as playing a relevant role in esophageal cancer (EC) development, with this compartment being related to several aspects of EC genesis and progression. This sounds very interesting due to the complexity of this highly incident and lethal tumor, which takes the sixth position in mortality among all tumor types worldwide. The well-established increase in ECM stiffness, which is able to trigger mechanotransduction signaling, is capable of regulating several malignant behaviors by converting alteration in ECM mechanics into cytoplasmatic biochemical signals. In this sense, it has been shown that some molecules play a key role in these events, particularly the different collagen isoforms, as well as enzymes related to its turnover, such as lysyl oxidase (LOX) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In fact, MMPs are not only involved in ECM stiffness, but also in other events related to ECM homeostasis, which includes ECM remodeling. Therefore, the crucial role of distinct MMPs isoform has already been reported, especially MMP-2, -3, -7, and -9, along EC development, thus strongly associating these proteins with the control of important cellular events during tumor progression, particularly in the process of invasion during metastasis establishment. In addition, by distinct mechanisms, a vast diversity of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, such as laminin, fibronectin, tenascin C, galectin, dermatan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid exert remarkable effects in esophageal malignant cells due to the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways mainly involved in cytoskeleton alterations during adhesion and migration processes. Finally, the wide spectrum of interactions potentially mediated by ECM may represent a singular intervention scenario in esophageal carcinogenesis natural history and, due to the scarce knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in EC development, the growing body of evidence on ECM’s role along esophageal carcinogenesis might provide a solid base to improve its management in the future.
Collapse
|
34
|
CLEC5A promotes the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:656-662. [PMID: 32033754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), as one of the most prevalent malignancies, contributes to the high morbidity and mortality worldwide. By analyzing the bioinformatics, qRT-PCR and IHC assays, we found that CLEC5A is overexpressed in GC and associated with poorer prognosis. CLEC5A silencing inhibits cell growth and DNA replication and induces cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Bioinformatics analyses and Western blotting revealed that CLEC5A depletion led to the dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. CLEC5A-mediated GC proliferation and anti-apoptosis were impaired by blocking the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway with LY294002. We hypothesize that CLEC5A is of vital importance to GC initiation and progression via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and that our results might represent promising therapeutic strategies for GC patients.
Collapse
|
35
|
Xu S, Zhang ZH, Fu L, Song J, Xie DD, Yu DX, Xu DX, Sun GP. Calcitriol inhibits migration and invasion of renal cell carcinoma cells by suppressing Smad2/3-, STAT3- and β-catenin-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:59-71. [PMID: 31729097 PMCID: PMC6942435 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low vitamin D status is associated with progression in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The present study found that vimentin, a mesenchymal marker, was accordingly upregulated, and E-cadherin, an epithelial marker, was downregulated in RCC patients with low vitamin D status. Thus, we investigated the effects of calcitriol or vitamin D3, an active form of vitamin D, on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in RCC cells. RCC cells were treated by two models. In model 1, three RCC cell lines, ACHN, 786-O and CAKI-2, were incubated with either LPS (2.0 μg/mL) or transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (10 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of calcitriol (200 nmol/L). In model 2, two RCC cell lines, ACHN and CAKI-2, were incubated with calcitriol (200 nmol/L) only. Calcitriol inhibited migration and invasion not only in TGF-β1-stimulated but also in TGF-β1-unstimulated RCC cells. Moreover, calcitriol suppressed E-cadherin downregulation and vimentin upregulation not only in TGF-β1-stimulated but also in TGF-β1-unstimulated ACHN and CAKI-2 cells. Calcitriol attenuated LPS-induced upregulation of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-26 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) in ACHN cells. In addition, calcitriol blocked TGF-β1-induced nuclear translocation of ZEB1, Snail and Twist1 in ACHN and CAKI-2 cells. Mechanistically, calcitriol suppressed EMT through different signaling pathways: (i) calcitriol suppressed Smad2/3 phosphorylation by reinforcing physical interaction between vitamin D receptor (VDR) and Smad3 in TGF-β1-stimulated RCC cells; (ii) calcitriol inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 activation in LPS-stimulated RCC cells; (iii) calcitriol inhibited β-catenin/TCF-4 activation by promoting integration of VDR with β-catenin in TGF-β1-unstimulated RCC cells. Taken together, calcitriol inhibits migration and invasion of RCC cells partially by suppressing Smad2/3-, STAT3- and β-catenin-mediated EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin Song
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dong-Dong Xie
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Xin Yu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sun
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li M, Larsen L, Hedglin M. Rad6/Rad18 Competes with DNA Polymerases η and δ for PCNA Encircling DNA. Biochemistry 2020; 59:407-416. [PMID: 31887036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) bypasses DNA lesions encountered during S-phase and is critical for cell survival after exposure to DNA-damaging agents. In humans, Rad6/Rad18 attaches single ubiquitin moieties (i.e., monoubiquitination) to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) sliding clamps encircling primer/template (P/T) junctions that are stalled at DNA lesions. TLS occurs via PCNA monoubiquitination-independent and -dependent pathways, and both contribute to cell survival. The interaction of Rad6/Rad18 with PCNA is paramount to PCNA monoubiquitination and remains poorly defined. In particular, the location of the Rad6/Rad18 binding site on PCNA is unknown. Many PCNA-binding proteins, particularly DNA polymerases (pols), converge on PCNA encircling stalled P/T junctions in human cells, and all interact in a similar manner with the universal binding sites on PCNA. We reasoned the following: if Rad6/Rad18 utilizes the universal binding sites (or nearby sites), then PCNA monoubiquitination may be suppressed by pols involved in TLS. Results from quantitative studies reveal that (1) a Y-family pol (pol η) and a B-family pol (pol δ) critical to TLS each inhibit the transfer of ubiquitin from Rad6/Rad18 to PCNA and that (2) the observed inhibitions are dependent on the interaction of these pols with PCNA encircling DNA. These studies suggest that Rad6/Rad18 utilizes the universal PCNA-binding sites or nearby sites and, hence, competes for PCNA encircling DNA with pols η and δ and possibly other PCNA-binding proteins involved in TLS. These findings provide valuable insight into the nature of the interaction between Rad6/Rad18 and PCNA and have important implications for the division of human TLS pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Li
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Leah Larsen
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Mark Hedglin
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
RAD18 contributes to the migration and invasion of human cervical cancer cells via the interleukin‑1β pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3415-3423. [PMID: 31432163 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase RAD18 has been identified as an oncoprotein that exhibits prometastatic properties in various types of cancer; however, the role of RAD18 in cervical cancer (CC) remains unclear. In the present study, it was revealed that increased expression of RAD18 was associated with worse prognosis of patients with CC. Knockdown of endogenous RAD18 suppressed the motility and invasiveness of CC cells, as evaluated by Transwell assays. mRNA sequencing revealed that silencing RAD18 altered the expression profile of proinflammatory mediators, such as interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β). Furthermore, exogenous IL‑1β treatment rescued RAD18‑mediated CC cell invasion. These findings indicated an underlying mechanism via which RAD18 promotes CC progression, suggesting that RAD18 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for malignant CC.
Collapse
|
38
|
Song B, Li XF, Yao Y, Xu QQ, Meng XM, Huang C, Li J. BMP9 inhibits the proliferation and migration of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105685. [PMID: 31203157 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease; its pathogenesis remains unclear. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of RA. BMP9, a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, has been reported to play a critical role in both normal physiological processes and the pathology of various diseases. In this study, we explored the function and underlying mechanisms of BMP9 in the proliferation and migration of RA FLSs. We found that BMP9 expression was significantly downregulated in the synovial tissues of RA patients, compared with those of OA patients; BMP9 expression was also low in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) samples. Additionally, inhibition of BMP9 expression by BMP9 siRNA increased the proliferation of AA FLSs, and the expression of c-Myc, Cyclin D1, MMP-2, and MMP-9, but not TIMP-1, in AA FLSs. However, AA FLSs transfected with the overexpression vector PEX-3-BMP9 showed reduced proliferation and expression of c-Myc, Cyclin D1, MMP-2, and MMP-9, but not TIMP-1. Further studies indicate that BMP9 may induce the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Thus, these data indicate that BMP9 may play a critical role in the proliferation and migration of FLSs through the activation of the AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qing-Qing Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gallo D, Brown GW. Post-replication repair: Rad5/HLTF regulation, activity on undamaged templates, and relationship to cancer. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:301-332. [PMID: 31429594 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1651817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic post-replication repair (PRR) pathway allows completion of DNA replication when replication forks encounter lesions on the DNA template and are mediated by post-translational ubiquitination of the DNA sliding clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Monoubiquitinated PCNA recruits translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases to replicate past DNA lesions in an error-prone manner while addition of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains signals for error-free template switching to the sister chromatid. Central to both branches is the E3 ubiquitin ligase and DNA helicase Rad5/helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF). Mutations in PRR pathway components lead to genomic rearrangements, cancer predisposition, and cancer progression. Recent studies have challenged the notion that the PRR pathway is involved only in DNA lesion tolerance and have shed new light on its roles in cancer progression. Molecular details of Rad5/HLTF recruitment and function at replication forks have emerged. Mounting evidence indicates that PRR is required during lesion-less replication stress, leading to TLS polymerase activity on undamaged templates. Analysis of PRR mutation status in human cancers and PRR function in cancer models indicates that down regulation of PRR activity is a viable strategy to inhibit cancer cell growth and reduce chemoresistance. Here, we review these findings, discuss how they change our views of current PRR models, and look forward to targeting the PRR pathway in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Gallo
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Grant W Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yan X, Chen J, Meng Y, He C, Zou S, Li P, Chen M, Wu J, Ding WQ, Zhou J. RAD18 may function as a predictor of response to preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer through caspase-9-caspase-3-dependent apoptotic pathway. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3094-3104. [PMID: 31033216 PMCID: PMC6558645 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has been widely applied to improve the local control rate and survival rate in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), yet only part of LARC patients would benefit from nCRT. Therefore, it is imperative to predict the therapeutic outcome of nCRT. Here, we showed that RAD18, an E3 ubiquitin‐linked enzyme, played a fundamental role in predicting the response of LARC patients to nCRT. According to clinical data, patients with low RAD18 expression level in their pre‐nCRT biopsies had a superior response to nCRT compared to those with high RAD18 expression. Inhibition of RAD18 expression in rectal cancer cells pronouncedly attenuated the proliferation and promoted apoptosis after exposing to irradiation or/and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu). Downregulated RAD18 levels increased cell apoptosis by activating caspase‐9‐caspase‐3‐mediated apoptotic pathway, thus resulting in the enhancement of cell radiosensitivity and 5‐Fu susceptibility. Furthermore, a xenograft nude mouse model showed that silencing RAD18 significantly slowed tumor growth after irradiation or/and 5‐Fu in vivo. Collectively, these results implied that RAD18 could be a new biomarker to predict LARC patients who might benefit from nCRT and provide new strategies for clinical treatment of LARC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Yan
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - You Meng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chao He
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shitao Zou
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Peng Li
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinchang Wu
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jundong Zhou
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen L, Bi S, Hou J, Zhao Z, Wang C, Xie S. Targeting p21-activated kinase 1 inhibits growth and metastasis via Raf1/MEK1/ERK signaling in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:31. [PMID: 30971268 PMCID: PMC6458688 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) plays a fundamental role in promoting the development and progression of several cancers and is a potential therapeutic target. However, the biological function and underlying mechanism of PAK1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. Methods The expression of PAK1 was detected in both ESCC cell lines and clinical samples. Cell growth was measured by MTT, focus formation and soft agar assays. Cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing and transwell assays. Animal models of subcutaneous tumourigenicity and tail vein metastasis were performed to determine the inhibitory effect of pharmacological inhibitor IPA-3 on tumor growth and metastasis of ESCC cells. Results We found that PAK1 was frequently overexpressed in ESCC. Ectopic expression of PAK1 promoted cellular growth, colony formation and anchorage-independent growth. Overexpressing PAK1 also enhanced migration, invasion and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in ESCC cells. In contrast, silencing PAK1 by lentiviral knockdown or a specific inhibitor IPA-3 resulted in a contrary effect. Subsequent investigations revealed that Raf1/MEK1/ERK signaling pathway was involved in PAK1-mediated effect. Enhanced expression of Raf1 attenuated the inhibitory functions of PAK1 shRNA. Whereas blocking of Raf1 by shRNA or specific inhibition of MEK1 by U0126 antagonized the oncogenetic effect of PAK1 on ESCC cells. More importantly, Pharmacological inhibition of PAK1 by IPA-3 significantly suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis of ESCC cells in vivo. Conclusions These data support that PAK1 is an ideal target for the development of potential therapeutic drugs for ESCC patients even with metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0343-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shuning Bi
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jiuzhou Hou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, 462000, China.
| | - Chaojie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Songqiang Xie
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wu B, Wang H, Zhang L, Sun C, Li H, Jiang C, Liu X. High expression of RAD18 in glioma induces radiotherapy resistance via down-regulating P53 expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108555. [PMID: 30798132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key regulator of DNA translesion synthesis (TLS) pathway, RAD18 is reported to be abnormally expressed in many kinds of cancers. In glioma, RAD18 was overexpressed in the primary and recurrent glioblastoma multiforme specimens, and its overexpression weakened ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis in glioma A172 cells. Moreover, A172 cells with mutational P53 also showed enhanced radiation resistance. And RAD18 activation induced by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) was repressed by P53. However, whether P53 involves in RAD18-induced radiation resistance remains unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the effects and mechanism of RAD18 in the radiation resistance of glioma and study P53 role in this process. Results showed that, RAD18 expression was obviously elevated in glioma tissues and cell lines such as U251, SHG-44, A172, U-87 MG and U-118 MG as compared with the normal brain tissues and neuroglia cells. Up-regulation of RAD18 in U-118 MG and A172 cells with lentivirus infection significantly increased cell growth and inhibited cell apoptosis, determined by CCK-8 and flow cytometry technologies. Besides, RAD18 overexpression enhanced cell growth and inhibited cell apoptosis after U-118 MG or A172 cells were irradiated at a dose of 4 Gy. On the contrary, silencing of endogenous RAD18 sensitized U-118 MG and A172 cells to radiation. Moreover, RAD18 and P53 proteins were co-located in the nucleus, and up-regulation of RAD18 decreased the expression of P53 protein and facilitated its nuclear export. Furthermore, cell growth promotion and cell apoptosis inhibition induced by RAD18 up-regulation were impaired when P53 expression was up-regulated under radiation condition. In a word, this study clarifies that RAD18 functions as a promoter in glioma progression and reduces glioma cells' sensibility to radiation through down-regulating P53, which provides new strategies to overcome the radiation resistance in glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- NHC Key Lab of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Heyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, China; Department of Immunology in College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lenign Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Chunyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- NHC Key Lab of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| |
Collapse
|