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Wang Z, Xing Y, Li B, Li X, Liu B, Wang Y. Molecular pathways, resistance mechanisms and targeted interventions in non-small-cell lung cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:42. [PMID: 36508072 PMCID: PMC9743956 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors effectively targeting EGFR mutations in lung cancer patients in 2004 represented the beginning of the precision medicine era for this refractory disease. This great progress benefits from the identification of driver gene mutations, and after that, conventional and new technologies such as NGS further illustrated part of the complex molecular pathways of NSCLC. More targetable driver gene mutation identification in NSCLC patients greatly promoted the development of targeted therapy and provided great help for patient outcomes including significantly improved survival time and quality of life. Herein, we review the literature and ongoing clinical trials of NSCLC targeted therapy to address the molecular pathways and targeted intervention progress in NSCLC. In addition, the mutations in EGFR gene, ALK rearrangements, and KRAS mutations in the main sections, and the less common molecular alterations in MET, HER2, BRAF, ROS1, RET, and NTRK are discussed. The main resistance mechanisms of each targeted oncogene are highlighted to demonstrate the current dilemma of targeted therapy in NSCLC. Moreover, we discuss potential therapies to overcome the challenges of drug resistance. In this review, we manage to display the current landscape of targetable therapeutic patterns in NSCLC in this era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yurou Xing
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Bingjie Li
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Bin Liu
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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Yoshihiro T, Ariyama H, Yamaguchi K, Imajima T, Yamaga S, Tsuchihashi K, Isobe T, Kusaba H, Akashi K, Baba E. Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor enhances eribulin-induced DNA damage in colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:4207-4218. [PMID: 36053154 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) such as taxanes are broadly used for the treatment of patients with cancer. Although MTAs are not effective for treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), preclinical studies suggest that a subset of patients with CRC, especially those with cancers harboring the BRAF mutation, could benefit from such agents. However, two MTAs, eribulin (Eri) and vinorelbine, have shown limited clinical efficacy. Here, we report that insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling is involved in Eri resistance. Using CRC cell lines, we showed that Eri induces activation and subsequent translocation of IGF-1R to the nucleus. When the activation and/or nuclear translocation of IGF-1R was inhibited, Eri induced DNA damage and enhanced G2 /M arrest. In a xenograft model using the Eri-resistant SW480 cell line, the combination of Eri and the IGF-1R inhibitor linsitinib suppressed tumor growth more efficiently than either single agent. Thus, our results indicated that combination dosing with Eri and an IGF-1R inhibitor could overcome Eri resistance and offer a therapeutic opportunity in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyasu Yoshihiro
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ariyama
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Imajima
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamaga
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsuchihashi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taichi Isobe
- Department of Oncology and Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kusaba
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eishi Baba
- Department of Oncology and Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Seefried F, Haller L, Fukuda S, Thongmao A, Schneider N, Utikal J, Higashiyama S, Bosserhoff AK, Kuphal S. Nuclear
AREG
affects a low‐proliferative phenotype and contributes to drug resistance of melanoma. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:2244-2264. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Seefried
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse17 Erlangen Germany
| | - Lucia Haller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse17 Erlangen Germany
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry Aichi Gakuin University Nagoya Japan
| | - Aranya Thongmao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse17 Erlangen Germany
| | - Nadja Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse17 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Department of Dermatology Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg Germany
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumour Regulation, Proteo‐Science Center Ehime University, Toon, 791‐0295, Japan and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute Osaka Japan
| | - Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse17 Erlangen Germany
| | - Silke Kuphal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse17 Erlangen Germany
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Drug resistance of targeted therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer harbored EGFR mutation: from mechanism analysis to clinical strategy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3653-3664. [PMID: 34661758 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% in all cases of lung cancer. In recent years, molecular targeting drugs for NSCLC have been developed rapidly. The epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have changed the paradigm of cancer therapy from empirical cytotoxic chemotherapy to molecular-targeted cancer therapy. Currently, there are three generations of EGFR-TKIs, all of which have achieved good efficacy in clinical therapy. However, most patients developed drug resistance after 6-13 months EGFR-TKIs treatment. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of EGFR-TKIs resistance mechanisms is of vital importance for clinical management of NSCLC. METHODS Relevant data and information about the topic were obtained by searching PubMed (Medline), Web of Science and Google Scholar using the subject headings, such as "NSCLC", "EGFR-TKIs resistance", "EGFR mutations", "human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2/erbB-2)", "hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)", "vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)", "insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)", "epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)", "phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)", "RAS mutation", "BRAF mutation", "signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)", and "tumor microenvironment", etc. RESULTS: The mechanisms for EGFR-TKIs resistance include EGFR mutations, upregulation of HER2, HGF/c-MET, VEGF IGF1, EMT and STAT3 pathways, mutations of PTEN, RAS and BRAF genes, and activation of other by-pass pathways. These mechanisms are interconnected and can be potential targets for the treatment of NSCLC. CONCLUSION In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of EGFR-TKIs drug resistance and the clinical strategies to overcome drug resistance from the perspective of EGFR-TKIs combined treatment.
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Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Is Downregulated in Barrett's Esophagus Patients Undergoing a Moderate Calorie and Protein Restriction Program: A Randomized 2-Year Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103638. [PMID: 34684639 PMCID: PMC8537306 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated insulin resistance (Ins-R) have been identified as important risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma development. Elevated calories and protein consumption are also associated with Ins-R and glucose intolerance. We investigated the effect of a 24-month moderate calorie and protein restriction program on overweight or obese patients affected by Barrett’s esophagus (BE), as no similar dietary approach has been attempted to date in this disease context. Anthropometric parameters, levels of serum analytes related to obesity and Ins-R, and the esophageal insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway were analyzed. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03813381. Insulin, C-peptide, IGF-1, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), adipokines, and esophageal expression of the main proteins involved in insulin/IGF-1 signal transduction were quantified using Luminex-XMAP® technology in 46 patients who followed the restriction program (IA) and in 54 controls (CA). Body mass index and waist circumference significantly decreased in 76.1% of IA and 35.2% of CA. IGF-1 levels were reduced in 71.7% of IA and 51.8% of CA. The simultaneous reduction of glycaemia, IGF-1, the IGF-1/IGFBP3 ratio, and the improvement in weight loss-dependent insulin sensitivity, were associated with the downregulation of the insulin/IGF-1 signal on BE tissue. The proposed intervention program was an effective approach to counteract obesity-associated cancer risk factors. The improvement in metabolic condition resulted in a downregulation of the ERK-mediated mitogenic signal in 43.5% of patients, probably affecting the molecular mechanism driving adenocarcinoma development in BE lesions.
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Yang C, Zhang Y, Segar N, Huang C, Zeng P, Tan X, Mao L, Chen Z, Haglund F, Larsson O, Chen Z, Lin Y. Nuclear IGF1R interacts with NuMA and regulates 53BP1‑dependent DNA double‑strand break repair in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:168. [PMID: 34165167 PMCID: PMC8250583 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (nIGF1R) has been associated with poor overall survival and chemotherapy resistance in various types of cancer; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry was performed in an IGF1R-overexpressing SW480-OE colorectal cancer cell line to identify the nIGF1R interactome. Network analysis revealed 197 proteins of interest which were involved in several biological pathways, including RNA processing, DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and SUMOylation pathways. Nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA) was identified as one of nIGF1R's colocalizing partners. Proximity ligation assay (PLA) revealed different levels of p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1)-NuMA colocalization between IGF1R-positive (R+) and IGF1R-negative (R−) mouse embryonic fibroblasts following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). 53BP1 was retained by NuMA in the R− cells during IR-induced DNA damage. By contrast, the level of NuMA-53BP1 was markedly lower in R+ cells compared with R− cells. The present data suggested a regulatory role of nIGF1R in 53BP1-dependent DSB repair through its interaction with NuMA. Bright-field PLA analysis on a paraffin-embedded tissue microarray from patients with colorectal cancer revealed a significant association between increased nuclear colocalizing signals of NuMA-53BP1 and a shorter overall survival. These results indicate that nIGF1R plays a role in facilitating 53BP1-dependent DDR by regulating the NuMA-53BP1 interaction, which in turn might affect the clinical outcome of patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nelly Segar
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Changhao Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Pengwei Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangzhou Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Linfeng Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Zhikang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Felix Haglund
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Larsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zihua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Yingbo Lin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Werner H, Sarfstein R, Laron Z. The Role of Nuclear Insulin and IGF1 Receptors in Metabolism and Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040531. [PMID: 33918477 PMCID: PMC8065599 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin (InsR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1R) receptors mediate the metabolic and growth-promoting actions of insulin and IGF1/IGF2, respectively. Evidence accumulated in recent years indicates that, in addition to their typical cell-surface localization pattern and ligand-activated mechanism of action, InsR and IGF1R are present in the cell nucleus of both normal and transformed cells. Nuclear translocation seems to involve interaction with a small, ubiquitin-like modifier protein (SUMO-1), although this modification is not always a prerequisite. Nuclear InsR and IGF1R exhibit a number of biological activities that classically fit within the definition of transcription factors. These nuclear activities include, among others, sequence-specific DNA binding and transcriptional control. Of particular interest, nuclear IGF1R was capable of binding and stimulating its cognate gene promoter. The physiological relevance of this autoregulatory mechanism needs to be further investigated. In addition to its nuclear localization, studies have identified IGF1R in the Golgi apparatus, and this particular distribution correlated with a migratory phenotype. In summary, the newly described roles of InsR and IGF1R as gene regulators, in concert with their atypical pattern of subcellular distribution, add a further layer of complexity to traditional models of cell signaling. Furthermore, and in view of the emerging role of IGF1R as a potential therapeutic target, a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for nuclear IGF1R transport and identification of IGF1R interactors might help optimize target directed therapies in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- Shalom and Varda Yoran Institute for Human Genome Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Rive Sarfstein
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Zvi Laron
- Endocrine and Diabetes Research Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva 49292, Israel;
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EGFR mutation mediates resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC: From molecular mechanisms to clinical research. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105583. [PMID: 33775864 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the development of precision medicine, molecular targeted therapy has been widely used in the field of cancer, especially in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a well-recognized and effective target for NSCLC therapies, targeted EGFR therapy with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has achieved ideal clinical efficacy in recent years. Unfortunately, resistance to EGFR-TKIs inevitably occurs due to various mechanisms after a period of therapy. EGFR mutations, such as T790M and C797S, are the most common mechanism of EGFR-TKI resistance. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of EGFR-TKIs resistance induced by secondary EGFR mutations, highlight the development of targeted drugs to overcome EGFR mutation-mediated resistance, and predict the promising directions for development of novel candidates.
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9
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Amphiregulin Regulates Melanocytic Senescence. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020326. [PMID: 33562468 PMCID: PMC7914549 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a decisive process to suppress tumor development, but the molecular details of OIS are still under investigation. Using an established OIS model of primary melanocytes transduced with BRAF V600E and compared to control cells, amphiregulin (AREG) was shown to be induced. In addition, AREG expression was observed in nevi, which by definition, are senescent cell clusters, compared to melanocytes. Interestingly, treatment of melanocytes with recombinant AREG did induce senescence. This led to the assumption that extracellular AREG has an important function in this process. Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using Gefitinib identified AREG as one of EGFR ligands responsible for senescence. Furthermore, depletion of AREG expression in senescent BRAF V600E melanocytes resulted in a significant reduction of senescent melanocytes. This study reveals AREG as an essential molecular component of signaling pathways leading to senescence in melanocytes.
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Chabot T, Cheraud Y, Fleury F. Relationships between DNA repair and RTK-mediated signaling pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188495. [PMID: 33346130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK) are an important family involved in numerous signaling pathways essential for proliferation, cell survival, transcription or cell-cycle regulation. Their role and involvement in cancer cell survival have been widely described in the literature, and are generally associated with overexpression and/or excessive activity in the cancer pathology. Because of these characteristics, RTKs are relevant targets in the fight against cancer. In the last decade, increasingly numerous works describe the role of RTK signaling in the modulation of DNA repair, thus providing evidence of the relationship between RTKs and the protein actors in the repair pathways. In this review, we propose a summary of RTKs described as potential modulators of double-stranded DNA repair pathways in order to put forward new lines of research aimed at the implementation of new therapeutic strategies targeting both DNA repair pathways and RTK-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chabot
- Mechanism and regulation of DNA repair team, UFIP, CNRS UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Yvonnick Cheraud
- Mechanism and regulation of DNA repair team, UFIP, CNRS UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Fleury
- Mechanism and regulation of DNA repair team, UFIP, CNRS UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France.
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Yang C, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Ragaller F, Liu M, Corvigno S, Dahlstrand H, Carlson J, Chen Z, Näsman A, Waraky A, Lin Y, Larsson O, Haglund F. Nuclear IGF1R interact with PCNA to preserve DNA replication after DNA-damage in a variety of human cancers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236291. [PMID: 32701997 PMCID: PMC7377393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear IGF1R has been linked to poor outcome in cancer. We recently showed that nuclear IGF1R phosphorylates PCNA and increases DNA damage tolerance. In this paper we aimed to describe this mechanism in cancer tissue as well as in cancer cell lines. In situ proximity ligation assay identified frequent IGF1R and PCNA colocalization in many cancer types. IGF1R/PCNA colocalization was more frequently increased in tumor cells than in adjacent normal, and more prominent in areas with dysplasia and invasion. However, the interaction was often lost in tumors with poor response to neoadjuvant treatment and most metastatic lesions. In two independent cohorts of serous ovarian carcinomas and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, stronger IGF1R/PCNA colocalization was significantly associated with a higher overall survival. Ex vivo irradiation of ovarian cancer tissue acutely induced IGF1R/PCNA colocalization together with γH2AX-foci formations. In vitro, RAD18 mediated mono-ubiquitination of PCNA during replication stress was dependent on IGF1R kinase activity. DNA fiber analysis revealed that IGF1R activation could rescue stalled DNA replication forks, but only in cancer cells with baseline IGF1R/PCNA interaction. We believe that the IGF1R/PCNA interaction is a basic cellular mechanism to increase DNA stress tolerance during proliferation, but that this mechanism is lost with tumor progression in conjunction with accumulated DNA damage and aberrant strategies to tolerate genomic instability. To exploit this mechanism in IGF1R targeted therapy, IGF1R inhibitors should be explored in the context of concomitant induction of DNA replication stress as well as in earlier clinical stages than previously tried.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franziska Ragaller
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mingzhi Liu
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Corvigno
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Dahlstrand
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joseph Carlson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zihua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Anders Näsman
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Waraky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yingbo Lin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Larsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Felix Haglund
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Hua H, Kong Q, Yin J, Zhang J, Jiang Y. Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in tumorigenesis and drug resistance: a challenge for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:64. [PMID: 32493414 PMCID: PMC7268628 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play important roles in mammalian growth, development, aging, and diseases. Aberrant IGFs signaling may lead to malignant transformation and tumor progression, thus providing the rationale for targeting IGF axis in cancer. However, clinical trials of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR)-targeted agents have been largely disappointing. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the IGF axis not only promotes tumorigenesis, but also confers resistance to standard treatments. Furthermore, there are diverse pathways leading to the resistance to IGF-IR-targeted therapy. Recent studies characterizing the complex IGFs signaling in cancer have raised hope to refine the strategies for targeting the IGF axis. This review highlights the biological activities of IGF-IR signaling in cancer and the contribution of IGF-IR to cytotoxic, endocrine, and molecular targeted therapies resistance. Moreover, we update the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance to IGF-IR-targeted agents and discuss the strategies for future development of the IGF axis-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingbin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Wen C, Xu G, He S, Huang Y, Shi J, Wu L, Zhou H. Screening Circular RNAs Related to Acquired Gefitinib Resistance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines. J Cancer 2020; 11:3816-3826. [PMID: 32328186 PMCID: PMC7171488 DOI: 10.7150/jca.39783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gefitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) used to treat EGFR mutation-positive patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the efficacy of gefitinib is limited by the development of acquired resistance. Studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the acquired resistance to many anticancer agents. However, the expression profiles and functions of circRNAs in gefitinib resistance in NSCLC are poorly understood so far. Methods: In this study, circRNA expression profiling was explored in two gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines (HCC827/GR and PC9/GR) and their parental sensitive cells (HCC827 and PC9) using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to confirm the expression of selected differentially expressed circRNAs. Bioinformatic tools including gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), network analysis, and Kaplan-Meier plotter database were used to predict the functions and pathways of these differentially expressed circRNAs. Results: We identified 46 and 56 differentially expressed circRNAs in HCC827/GR and PC9/GR cell lines, respectively, compared with those in their parental cell lines. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis identified that the host linear transcripts of these differentially expressed circRNAs were involved in many critical biological pathways and molecular functions. We found that hsa_circ_0000567 was consistently up-regulated, and hsa_circ_0006867 was consistently down-regulated in two resistant cell lines. We further used hsa_circ_0000567 and hsa_circ_0006867 as key circRNAs to construct circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks. Several target mRNAs of these two circRNAs had been shown to significantly associate with the overall survival of patients with lung cancer. Conclusions: In this study, we generated the comprehensive expression and functional profiles of the differentially expressed circRNAs between gefitinib-resistant and -sensitive NSCLC cells, and showed that dysregulation of circRNAs might play an important role in the development of acquired resistance to gefitinib in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Wen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ge Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai He
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yutang Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanxiang Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Poreba E, Durzynska J. Nuclear localization and actions of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) system components: Transcriptional regulation and DNA damage response. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 784:108307. [PMID: 32430099 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system stimulates growth, proliferation, and regulates differentiation of cells in a tissue-specific manner. It is composed of two insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2), six insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and two insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGF-1R and IGF-2R). IGF actions take place mostly through the activation of the plasma membrane-bound IGF-Rs by the circulating ligands (IGFs) released from the IGFBPs that stabilize their levels in the serum. This review focuses on the IGF-1 part of the system. The IGF-1 gene, which is expressed mainly in the liver as well as in other tissues, comprises six alternatively spliced exons that code for three protein isoforms (pro-IGF-1A, pro-IGF-1B, and pro-IGF-1C), which are processed to mature IGF-1 and E-peptides. The IGF-1R undergoes autophosphorylation, resulting in a signaling cascade involving numerous cytoplasmic proteins such as AKT and MAPKs, which regulate the expression of target genes. However, a more complex picture of the axis has recently emerged with all its components being translocated to the nuclear compartment. IGF-1R takes part in the regulation of gene expression by forming transcription complexes, modifying the activity of chromatin remodeling proteins, and participating in DNA damage tolerance mechanisms. Four IGFBPs contain a nuclear localization signal (NLS), which targets them to the nucleus, where they regulate gene expression (IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5, IGFBP-6) and DNA damage repair (IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-6). Last but not least, the IGF-1B isoform has been reported to be localized in the nuclear compartment. However, no specific molecular actions have been assigned to the nuclear pro-IGF-1B or its derivative EB peptide. Therefore, further studies are needed to shed light on their nuclear activity. These recently uncovered nuclear actions of different components of the IGF-1 axis are relevant in cancer cell biology and are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Poreba
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Julia Durzynska
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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15
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Cook KC, Cristea IM. Location is everything: protein translocations as a viral infection strategy. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 48:34-43. [PMID: 30339987 PMCID: PMC6382524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein movement between different subcellular compartments is an essential aspect of biological processes, including transcriptional and metabolic regulation, and immune and stress responses. As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses are master manipulators of cellular composition and organization. Accumulating evidences have highlighted the importance of infection-induced protein translocations between organelles. Both directional and temporal, these translocation events facilitate localization-dependent protein interactions and changes in protein functions that contribute to either host defense or virus replication. The discovery and characterization of protein movement is technically challenging, given the necessity for sensitive detection and subcellular resolution. Here, we discuss infection-induced translocations of host and viral proteins, and the value of integrating quantitative proteomics with advanced microscopy for understanding the biology of human virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn C Cook
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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16
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Zhang L, Hao C, Zhai R, Wang D, Zhang J, Bao L, Li Y, Yao W. Downregulation of exosomal let-7a-5p in dust exposed- workers contributes to lung cancer development. Respir Res 2018; 19:235. [PMID: 30497474 PMCID: PMC6267915 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Either chronic or acute exposure to dust particles may lead to pneumoconiosis and lung cancer, and lung cancer mortality among patients diagnosed with pneumoconiosis is increasing. Utilizing genome-wide sequencing technology, this study aimed to identify methods to decrease the number of patients with pneumoconiosis who die from lung cancer. METHODS One hundred fifty-four subjects were recruited, including 54 pneumoconiosis patients and 100 healthy controls. Exosomes were isolated from the venous blood of every subject. Distinctive miRNAs were identified using high throughput sequencing technology, and bioinformatics analysis predicted target genes involved in lung cancer as well as their corresponding biological functions. Moreover, cross-cancer alterations of genes related to lung cancer were investigated, and survival analysis was performed using 2437 samples with an average follow-up period of 49 months. RESULTS Let-7a-5p was revealed to be downregulated by 21.67% in pneumoconiosis. Out of the 683 let-7a-5p target genes identified from bioinformatics analysis, four genes related to five signaling pathways were confirmed to be involved in lung cancer development. Alterations in these four target genes were then explored in 4105 lung cancer patients, and BCL2L1 and IGF1R were demonstrated to be aberrantly expressed. Survival analysis further revealed that high expression of BCL2L1 corresponded to reduced survival of lung cancer patients (HR (95%CI) = 1.75(1.33~2.30)), while patient survival time was unaffected by expression of IGF1R (HR (95%CI) = 1.15 (0.98~1.36)). CONCLUSIONS In patients with lung adenocarcinoma, simultaneous downregulation of exosomal let-7a-5p and elevated expression of BCL2L1 are useful as predictive biomarkers for poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Occupational Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Healthy Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Social Risk Prediction and Governance, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261024 China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Ruonan Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
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Bing Z, Cheng Z, Shi D, Liu X, Tian J, Yao X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Yang K. Investigate the mechanisms of Chinese medicine Fuzhengkangai towards EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinomas by network pharmacology. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:293. [PMID: 30400936 PMCID: PMC6218988 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese traditional herbal medicine Fuzhengkangai (FZKA) formulation combination with gefitinib can overcome drug resistance and improve the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. However, the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms underlying the active ingredients, potential targets, and overcome drug resistance of the drug are still unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the molecular mechanism of FZKA. METHODS A systems pharmacology and bioinformatics-based approach was employed to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of EGFR-TKI resistance with clinically effective herb formula. The differential gene expressions between EGFR-TKI sensitive and resistance cell lines were calculated and used to find overlap from targets as core targets. The prognosis of core targets was validated from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database by Cox regression. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment is applied to analysis core targets for revealing mechanism in biology. RESULTS The results showed that 35 active compounds of FZKA can interact with eight core targets proteins (ADRB2, BCL2, CDKN1A, HTR2C, KCNMA1, PLA2G4A, PRKCA and LYZ). The risk score of them were associated with overall survival and relapse free time (HR = 6.604, 95% CI: 2.314-18.850; HR = 5.132, 95% CI: 1.531-17.220). The pathway enrichment suggested that they involved in EGFR-TKI resistance and non-small cell lung cancer pathways, which directly affect EGFR-TKI resistance. The molecular docking showed that licochalcone a and beta-sitosterol can closely bind two targets (BCL2 and PRKCA) that involved in EGFR-TKI resistance pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study provided a workflow for understanding mechanism of CHM for against drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Bing
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Science of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
- Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Science of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
| | - Danfeng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Science of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Science of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Science of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
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Arcidiacono D, Dedja A, Giacometti C, Fassan M, Nucci D, Francia S, Fabris F, Zaramella A, Gallagher EJ, Cassaro M, Rugge M, LeRoith D, Alberti A, Realdon S. Hyperinsulinemia Promotes Esophageal Cancer Development in a Surgically-Induced Duodeno-Esophageal Reflux Murine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041198. [PMID: 29662006 PMCID: PMC5979452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia could have a role in the growing incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its pre-cancerous lesion, Barrett's Esophagus, a possible consequence of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease. Obesity is known to mediate esophageal carcinogenesis through different mechanisms including insulin-resistance leading to hyperinsulinemia, which may mediate cancer progression via the insulin/insulin-like growth factor axis. We used the hyperinsulinemic non-obese FVB/N (Friend leukemia virus B strain) MKR (muscle (M)-IGF1R-lysine (K)-arginine (R) mouse model to evaluate the exclusive role of hyperinsulinemia in the pathogenesis of EAC related to duodeno-esophageal reflux. FVB/N wild-type (WT) and MKR mice underwent jejunum-esophageal anastomosis side-to end with the exclusion of the stomach. Thirty weeks after surgery, the esophagus was processed for histological, immunological and insulin/Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signal transduction analyses. Most of the WT mice (63.1%) developed dysplasia, whereas most of the MKR mice (74.3%) developed squamous cell and adenosquamous carcinomas, both expressing Human Epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Hyperinsulinemia significantly increased esophageal cancer incidence in the presence of duodenal-reflux. Insulin receptor (IR) and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) were overexpressed in the hyperinsulinemic condition. IGF1R, through ERK1/2 mitogenic pattern activation, seems to be involved in cancer onset. Hyperinsulinemia-induced IGF1R and HER2 up-regulation could also increase the possibility of forming of IGF1R/HER2 heterodimers to support cell growth/proliferation/progression in esophageal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Arcidiacono
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Arben Dedja
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Giacometti
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, ULSS 6 Euganea, via Cosma, 1, Camposampiero, 35012 Padua, Italy.
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Daniele Nucci
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Simona Francia
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine-VIMM, via Orus, 2, 35129 Padua, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, via Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Federico Fabris
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine-VIMM, via Orus, 2, 35129 Padua, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli, 63, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Alice Zaramella
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine-VIMM, via Orus, 2, 35129 Padua, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli, 63, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Emily J Gallagher
- Division of Endocrinology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Mauro Cassaro
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, ULSS 6 Euganea, via Cosma, 1, Camposampiero, 35012 Padua, Italy.
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Alfredo Alberti
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine-VIMM, via Orus, 2, 35129 Padua, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli, 63, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Stefano Realdon
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padua, Italy.
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