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Herrera-Torres A, Parra-Torres CG, Alamilla García GC, Thompson Bonilla MDR, García Córdova OM, Padilla Martínez A, Lara Ruíz RI, Ramírez Moreno E. Primary Peritoneal Serous Cancer: A Case Report of a Tumor in the Rectovaginal Septum. Case Rep Oncol Med 2024; 2024:5093727. [PMID: 38264474 PMCID: PMC10805543 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5093727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal cancer is the invasion by malignant cells of serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity, the viscera, and the coelom of the amniotes. Histologically, it is indistinguishable from ovarian counterpart, although in the former, it commonly involves the ovary only superficially, or it may totally lack an ovarian component, but with extensive involvement of the peritoneum, calcified perihepatic peritoneal nodules, or involvement of the omentum, in most cases. The current study describes the case of a 54-year-old female patient referring a history of colitis and dairy intolerance. A transvaginal ultrasound and a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a tumor measuring 70 × 61 × 63 mm. CA-125 serum levels were 880 U/ml. Laparotomy surgery was indicated, and tumor was found at the level of the rectovaginal septum without evidence of metastasis. Tumor dissection and protective colostomy with loop sigmoid colon were performed. A pathological study gave a diagnosis of a high-grade peritoneal serous carcinoma with a micropapillary pattern. The present study describes the case of papillary serous peritoneal cancer presented as a single tumor mass without extensive involvement of the peritoneum. Additionally, the need for routine tests for its diagnosis and documenting hormonal alterations as the cause of its origin are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analy Herrera-Torres
- Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers, Hospital Regional 1° de Octubre, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriela C. Alamilla García
- Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers, Hospital Regional 1° de Octubre, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Oscar Manuel García Córdova
- Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers, Hospital Regional 1° de Octubre, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Padilla Martínez
- Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers, Hospital Regional 1° de Octubre, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Iván Lara Ruíz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas USEIC, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Esther Ramírez Moreno
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Guichard Y, Savoy C, Gaté L. Can a 12-gene expression signature predict the cell transforming potential of tumor promoting agents in Bhas 42 cells? Toxicol Lett 2023; 389:11-18. [PMID: 37813191 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
To date, long-term rodent carcinogenesis assays are the only assays recognized by regulators to assess non-genotoxic carcinogens, but their reliability has been questioned. In vitro cell transformation assays (CTAs) could represent an interesting alternative to animal models as it has the advantage of detecting both genotoxic and non-genotoxic transforming chemicals. Among them, Bhas 42 CTA uses a cell line that has been transfected with the oncogenic sequence v-Ha-ras. This sequence confers an "initiated" status to these cells and makes them particularly sensitive to non-genotoxic agents. In a previous work, transcriptomic analysis revealed that the treatment of Bhas 42 cells with transforming silica (nano)particles and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) commonly modified the expression of 12 genes involved in cell proliferation and adhesion. In the present study, we assess whether this signature would be the same for four other soluble transforming agents, i.e. mezerein, methylarsonic acid, cholic acid and quercetin. The treatment of Bhas 42 cells for 48 h with mezerein modified the expression of the 12 genes of the signature according to the same profile as that of the TPA. However, methylarsonic acid and cholic acid gave an incomplete signature with changes in the expression of only 7 and 5 genes, respectively. Finally, quercetin treatment induced no change in the expression of all genes but exhibited higher cytotoxicty. These results suggest that among the transforming agents tested, some may share similar mechanisms of action leading to cell transformation while others may activate different additional pathways involved in such cellular process. More transforming and non-transforming agents and gene markers should be tested in order to try to identify a relevant gene signature to predict the transforming potential of non-genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Guichard
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Dept Toxicology and Biomonitoring, 1 rue Morvan, F-54519 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.
| | - Caroline Savoy
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Dept Toxicology and Biomonitoring, 1 rue Morvan, F-54519 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Gaté
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Dept Toxicology and Biomonitoring, 1 rue Morvan, F-54519 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
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3
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Cuesta-Casanovas L, Delgado-Martínez J, Cornet-Masana JM, Carbó JM, Banús-Mulet A, Guijarro F, Esteve J, Risueño RM. Prolactin receptor signaling induces acquisition of chemoresistance and reduces clonogenicity in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:97. [PMID: 37208719 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of precision medicine requires the identification of easily detectable and druggable biomarkers. Despite recent targeted drug approvals, prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients needs to be greatly improved, as relapse and refractory disease are still difficult to manage. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are needed. Based on in silico-generated preliminary data and the literature, the role of the prolactin (PRL)-mediated signaling was interrogated in AML. METHODS Protein expression and cell viability were determined by flow cytometry. Repopulation capacity was studied in murine xenotransplantation assays. Gene expression was measured by qPCR and luciferase-reporters. SA-β-Gal staining was used as a senescence marker. RESULTS The prolactin receptor (PRLR) was upregulated in AML cells, as compared to their healthy counterpart. The genetic and molecular inhibition of this receptor reduced the colony-forming potential. Disruption of the PRLR signaling, either using a mutant PRL or a dominant-negative isoform of PRLR, reduced the leukemia burden in vivo, in xenotransplantation assays. The expression levels of PRLR directly correlated with resistance to cytarabine. Indeed, acquired cytarabine resistance was accompanied with the induction of PRLR surface expression. The signaling associated to PRLR in AML was mainly mediated by Stat5, in contrast to the residual function of Stat3. In concordance, Stat5 mRNA was significantly overexpressed at mRNA levels in relapse AML samples. A senescence-like phenotype, measured by SA-β-gal staining, was induced upon enforced expression of PRLR in AML cells, partially dependent on ATR. Similar to the previously described chemoresistance-induced senescence in AML, no cell cycle arrest was observed. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of PRLR in AML was genetically validated. CONCLUSIONS These results support the role of PRLR as a therapeutic target for AML and the further development of drug discovery programs searching for specific PRLR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Cuesta-Casanovas
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP, Crta Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Delgado-Martínez
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP, Crta Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Cornet-Masana
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP, Crta Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Carbó
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP, Crta Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antònia Banús-Mulet
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP, Crta Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Guijarro
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP, Crta Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Esteve
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP, Crta Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth M Risueño
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP, Crta Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Karthikeyan S, Casey PJ, Wang M. RAB4A GTPase regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by modulating RAC1 activation. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:72. [PMID: 36307864 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical underpinning process for cancer progression, recurrence and resistance to drug treatment. Identification of new regulators of EMT could lead to the development of effective therapies to improve the outcome of advanced cancers. In the current study we discovered, using a variety of in vitro and in vivo approaches, that RAB4A function is essential for EMT and related manifestation of stemness and invasive properties. Consistently, RAB4A suppression abolished the cancer cells' self-renewal and tumor forming ability. In terms of downstream signaling, we found that RAB4A regulation of EMT is achieved through its control of activation of the RAC1 GTPase. Introducing activated RAC1 efficiently rescued EMT gene expression, invasion and tumor formation suppressed by RAB4A knockdown in both the in vitro and in vivo cancer models. In summary, this study identifies a RAB4A-RAC1 signaling axis as a key regulatory mechanism for the process of EMT and cancer progression and suggests a potential therapeutic approach to controlling these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbulakshmi Karthikeyan
- Program in Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Patrick J Casey
- Program in Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Program in Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
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Gu W, Mitsuhashi A, Kobayashi T, Shozu M. Metformin attenuates the production and proliferative effects of prolactin induced by medroxyprogesterone acetate during fertility-sparing treatment for endometrial cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:753. [PMID: 35820883 PMCID: PMC9277913 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progestin is used for fertility-sparing treatment in cases of endometrial cancer (EC). Progestin can induce hyperprolactinemia by increasing pituitary secretion and endometrial decidualization. However, progestin induces prolactin (PRL) secretion, which stimulates cell proliferation and deleteriously affects treatment. To date, the detrimental effect of PRL, the secretion of which is induced by medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) during fertility-sparing treatment, has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effects of PRL on EC cells during combined treatment with progestin and metformin. Methods In total, 71 patients with EC/endometrial atypical hyperplasia who underwent fertility-sparing treatment at our institution from 2009–2019 were enrolled. Serum PRL levels were determined using enzyme immunoassays; mRNA levels in endometrial tissues were determined using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. To evaluate MPA-induced decidualization, cancer-associated stromal cells were enzymatically released from surgically removed specimens of six patients with EC. To examine PRL-induced cell proliferation, the EC cell lines Ishikawa, HEC1B, and HEC265 were used. In vitro cell proliferation was evaluated using the WST assay; protein levels of signaling molecules were determined using western blotting. Results MPA administration significantly increased serum PRL levels at 3 and 6 months and upregulated IGFBP-1 and PRL mRNA expression in tissues at 3 months of fertility-sparing treatment. Metformin significantly reduced MPA-induced IGFBP-1 and PRL mRNA expression during fertility-sparing treatment and significantly inhibited the upregulation of IGFBP-1 and PRL mRNA and PRL levels due to decidualization induced by MPA and cAMP treatment in primary cultured EC stromal cells. In vitro, PRL increased cell proliferation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels, whereas metformin attenuated these increases. Conclusions MPA upregulated PRL levels in serum and endometrial tissues during fertility-sparing treatment. Metformin co-administration reduced PRL production and attenuated PRL-induced cell-proliferation activity. This study may provide valuable insights on the application of metformin to improve the outcomes of fertility-sparing treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09858-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Gu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Mitsuhashi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makio Shozu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Hackett JB, Glassbrook JE, Muñiz MC, Bross M, Fielder A, Dyson G, Movahhedin N, McCasland J, McCarthy-Leo C, Gibson HM. A diversity outbred F1 mouse model identifies host-intrinsic genetic regulators of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2064958. [PMID: 35481286 PMCID: PMC9037414 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2064958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have improved outcomes for a variety of malignancies; however, many patients fail to benefit. While tumor-intrinsic mechanisms are likely involved in therapy resistance, it is unclear to what extent host genetic background influences response. To investigate this, we utilized the Diversity Outbred (DO) and Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse models. DO mice are an outbred stock generated by crossbreeding eight inbred founder strains, and CC mice are recombinant inbred mice generated from the same eight founders. We generated 207 DOB6F1 mice representing 48 DO dams and demonstrated that these mice reliably accept the C57BL/6-syngeneic B16F0 tumor and that host genetic background influences response to ICI. Genetic linkage analysis from 142 mice identified multiple regions including one within chromosome 13 that associated with therapeutic response. We utilized 6 CC strains bearing the positive (NZO) or negative (C57BL/6) driver genotype in this locus. We found that 2/3 of predicted responder CCB6F1 crosses show reproducible ICI response. The chromosome 13 locus contains the murine prolactin family, which is a known immunomodulating cytokine associated with various autoimmune disorders. To directly test whether prolactin influences ICI response rates, we implanted inbred C57BL/6 mice with subcutaneous slow-release prolactin pellets to induce mild hyperprolactinemia. Prolactin augmented ICI response against B16F0, with increased CD8 infiltration and 5/8 mice exhibiting slowed tumor growth relative to controls. This study highlights the role of host genetics in ICI response and supports the use of F1 crosses in the DO and CC mouse populations as powerful cancer immunotherapy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Hackett
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - James E. Glassbrook
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maria C. Muñiz
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Madeline Bross
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Abigail Fielder
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nasrin Movahhedin
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer McCasland
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Claire McCarthy-Leo
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Heather M. Gibson
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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7
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Lee HS, Lee IH, Kang K, Park SI, Jung M, Yang SG, Kwon TW, Lee DY. A Network Pharmacology Study to Uncover the Mechanism of FDY003 for Ovarian Cancer Treatment. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221075432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest gynecological tumors responsible for 0.21 million deaths per year worldwide. Despite the increasing interest in the use of herbal drugs for cancer treatment, their pharmacological effects in OC treatment are not understood from a systems perspective. Using network pharmacology, we determined the anti-OC potential of FDY003 from a comprehensive systems view. We observed that FDY003 suppressed the viability of human OC cells and further chemosensitized them to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Through network pharmacological and pharmacokinetic approaches, we identified 16 active ingredients in FDY003 and their 108 targets associated with OC mechanisms. Functional enrichment investigation revealed that the targets may coordinate diverse cellular behaviors of OC cells, including their growth, proliferation, survival, death, and cell cycle regulation. Furthermore, the FDY003 targets are important constituents of diverse signaling pathways implicated in OC mechanisms (eg, phosphoinositide 3-kinase [PI3K]-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK], focal adhesion, hypoxia-inducible factor [HIF]-1, estrogen, tumor necrosis factor [TNF], erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog [ErbB], Janus kinase [JAK]-signal transducer and activator of transcription [STAT], and p53 signaling). In summary, our data present a comprehensive understanding of the anti-OC effects and mechanisms of action of FDY003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hee Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungrae Kang
- Forest Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- Forestheal Hospitalo, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Jung
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gu Yang
- Kyunghee Naro Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kwon
- Forest Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Dholariya S, Parchwani D, Radadiya M, Singh RD, Sonagra A, Patel D, Sharma G. CRISPR/Cas9: A Molecular Tool for Ovarian Cancer Management beyond Gene Editing. Crit Rev Oncog 2022; 27:1-22. [PMID: 37199299 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2022043814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer manifests with early metastases and has an adverse outcome, impacting the health of women globally. Currently, this malignancy is often treated with cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. This treatment option has a limited success rate due to tumor recurrence and chemoresistance. Consequently, the fundamental objective of ovarian cancer treatment is the development of novel treatment approaches. As a new robust tool, the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system has shown immense promise in elucidating the molecular basis of all the facets of ovarian cancer. Due to the precise gene editing capabilities of CRISPR-Cas9, researchers have been able to conduct a more comprehensive investigation of the genesis of ovarian cancer. This gained knowledge can be translated into the development of novel diagnostic approaches and newer therapeutic targets for this dreadful malignancy. There is encouraging preclinical evidence that suggests that CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful versatile tool for selectively targeting cancer cells and inhibiting tumor growth, establishing new signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis, and verifying biomolecules as druggable targets. In this review, we analyzed the current research and progress made using CRISPR/Cas9-based engineering strategies in the diagnosis and treatment, as well as the challenges in bringing this method to clinics. This comprehensive analysis will lay the basis for subsequent research in the future for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Dholariya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepak Parchwani
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhuri Radadiya
- Department of Radiology, Pandit Dindayal Upadhyay (PDU) Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ragini D Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Sonagra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Physiology, AIIMS, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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9
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El Bairi K, Al Jarroudi O, Le Page C, Afqir S. Does the "Devil" originate from the fallopian tubes? Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 77:56-66. [PMID: 33766647 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogeneous disease and continues to be mostly diagnosed in advanced stages. The high lethality, the high rate of platinum-resistance, and the poor survival outcomes are the principal factors for categorizing OC among the most aggressive gynecological cancers. Only recently, a substantial progress has been made in our latest understanding of the origins of OC, particularly of high-grade serous histology. For a long time, the accumulation of genetic alterations in epithelial single layer cells of ovarian cysts caused by cyclic ovulations was considered as the most important driver and the long-standing dogma of ovarian tumorigenesis. Besides, the unique biological features and high histological heterogeneity of OC did not support this hypothesis. Indeed, various extra-ovarian cells of origin and multiple sites to each histotype were proposed, supported by cogent evidence from clinical cohorts and animal studies. In light of this enigma, this review was conducted to discuss the recent evidence supporting the revised origins of ovarian carcinoma histotypes with a particular focus on high-grade serous OC which may impact diagnostic and preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I(st) University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Ouissam Al Jarroudi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I(st) University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Cécile Le Page
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Said Afqir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I(st) University, Oujda, Morocco
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10
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Luo S, Wang Y, Tao Y, Li S, Wang Z, He W, Wang H, Wang N, Xu J, Song H. Application in Gene Editing in Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Cancer Invest 2021; 40:387-399. [PMID: 34758691 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1998521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The onset and progression of ovarian cancer (OC) are closely related to dysregulated gene expression. Current treatments for OC are mainly limited to surgery and chemotherapy. However, due to low drug sensitivity, the prognosis OC is exceptionally poor and the recurrence rate remains high. Hence, it is vital to develop new treatment strategies. Gene editing for site-specific genomic modification is a powerful novel tool for the treatment of OC. In this article, current gene editing research for the treatment of OC is reviewed to provide a reference for the clinical application of new approaches to improve treatment outcomes and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Luo
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongyu Tao
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hangxing Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of General Surgery, Dalang Hospital, Dongguan, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hailiang Song
- Department of General Surgery, Dalang Hospital, Dongguan, China
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11
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Hathaway CA, Rice MS, Townsend MK, Hankinson SE, Arslan AA, Buring JE, Hallmans G, Idahl A, Kubzansky LD, Lee IM, Lundin EA, Sluss PM, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Tworoger SS. Prolactin and Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1652-1659. [PMID: 34244157 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolactin is synthesized in the ovaries and may play a role in ovarian cancer etiology. One prior prospective study observed a suggestive positive association between prolactin levels and risk of ovarian cancer. METHODS We conducted a pooled case-control study of 703 cases and 864 matched controls nested within five prospective cohorts. We used unconditional logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between prolactin and ovarian cancer risk. We examined heterogeneity by menopausal status at blood collection, body mass index (BMI), age, and histotype. RESULTS Among women with known menopausal status, we observed a positive trend in the association between prolactin and ovarian cancer risk (P trend = 0.045; OR, quartile 4 vs. 1 = 1.34; 95% CI = 0.97-1.85), but no significant association was observed for premenopausal or postmenopausal women individually (corresponding OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.74-2.58; P trend = 0.32 and OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 0.93-2.13; P trend = 0.08, respectively; P heterogeneity = 0.91). In stratified analyses, we observed a positive association between prolactin and risk for women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, but not BMI < 25 kg/m2 (corresponding OR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.56-4.59; P trend < 0.01 and OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.58-1.40; P trend = 0.98, respectively; P heterogeneity < 0.01). Associations did not vary by age, postmenopausal hormone therapy use, histotype, or time between blood draw and diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS We found a trend between higher prolactin levels and increased ovarian cancer risk, especially among women with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. IMPACT This work supports a previous study linking higher prolactin with ovarian carcinogenesis in a high adiposity setting. Future work is needed to understand the mechanism underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan S Rice
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary K Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.,Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.,NYU Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika Idahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eva A Lundin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrick M Sluss
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.,NYU Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Mei J, Tian H, Huang HS, Hsu CF, Liou Y, Wu N, Zhang W, Chu TY. Cellular models of development of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma: A review of cell of origin and mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13029. [PMID: 33768671 PMCID: PMC8088460 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common and malignant histological type of epithelial ovarian cancer, the origin of which remains controversial. Currently, the secretory epithelial cells of the fallopian tube are regarded as the main origin and the ovarian surface epithelial cells as a minor origin. In tubal epithelium, these cells acquire TP53 mutations and expand to a morphologically normal 'p53 signature' lesion, transform to serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma and metastasize to the ovaries and peritoneum where they develop into HGSC. This shifting paradigm of the main cell of origin has revolutionarily changed the focus of HGSC research. Various cell lines have been derived from the two cellular origins by acquiring immortalization via overexpression of hTERT plus disruption of TP53 and the CDK4/RB pathway. Malignant transformation was achieved by adding canonical driver mutations (such as gain of CCNE1) revealed by The Cancer Genome Atlas or by noncanonical gain of YAP and miR181a. Alternatively, because of the extreme chromosomal instability, spontaneous transformation can be achieved by long passage of murine immortalized cells, whereas in humans, it requires ovulatory follicular fluid, containing regenerating growth factors to facilitate spontaneous transformation. These artificially and spontaneously transformed cell systems in both humans and mice have been widely used to discover carcinogens, oncogenic pathways and malignant behaviours in the development of HGSC. Here, we review the origin, aetiology and carcinogenic mechanism of HGSC and comprehensively summarize the cell models used to study this fatal cancer having multiple cells of origin and overt genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Huixiang Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hsuan-Shun Huang
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Che-Fang Hsu
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuligh Liou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nayiyuan Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Tang-Yuan Chu
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
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13
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Walker C, Nguyen TM, Jessel S, Alvero AB, Silasi DA, Rutherford T, Draghici S, Mor G. Automated Assay of a Four-Protein Biomarker Panel for Improved Detection of Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020325. [PMID: 33477343 PMCID: PMC7830619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The survival of patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer depends largely on the extent of the disease upon diagnosis. When confined to the ovaries, patients’ 10-year survival is more than 70%. This drastically drops to less than 5% when patients are diagnosed with far-advanced disease. Unfortunately, more than 80% of patients are diagnosed at advanced stage due to the lack of test for early detection. We report the development of a blood test measuring four proteins (macrophage migration inhibitory factor, osteopontin, prolactin and cancer antigen 125), which can distinguish ovarian cancer samples, even early-stage disease, from healthy samples in the population tested. This study is another step towards the application of a useful test for early detection of ovarian cancer that is both highly accurate and specific. Abstract Background: Mortality from ovarian cancer remains high due to the lack of methods for early detection. The difficulty lies in the low prevalence of the disease necessitating a significantly high specificity and positive-predictive value (PPV) to avoid unneeded and invasive intervention. Currently, cancer antigen- 125 (CA-125) is the most commonly used biomarker for the early detection of ovarian cancer. In this study we determine the value of combining macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), osteopontin (OPN), and prolactin (PROL) with CA-125 in the detection of ovarian cancer serum samples from healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 432 serum samples were included in this study. 153 samples were from ovarian cancer patients and 279 samples were from age-matched healthy controls. The four proteins were quantified using a fully automated, multi-analyte immunoassay. The serum samples were divided into training and testing datasets and analyzed using four classification models to calculate accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: The four-protein biomarker panel yielded an average accuracy of 91% compared to 85% using CA-125 alone across four classification models (p = 3.224 × 10−9). Further, in our cohort, the four-protein biomarker panel demonstrated a higher sensitivity (median of 76%), specificity (median of 98%), PPV (median of 91.5%), and NPV (median of 92%), compared to CA-125 alone. The performance of the four-protein biomarker remained better than CA-125 alone even in experiments comparing early stage (Stage I and Stage II) ovarian cancer to healthy controls. Conclusions: Combining MIF, OPN, PROL, and CA-125 can better differentiate ovarian cancer from healthy controls compared to CA-125 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Walker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (C.W.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Tuan-Minh Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (T.-M.N.); (S.D.)
| | - Shlomit Jessel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (S.J.); (D.-A.S.)
| | - Ayesha B. Alvero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (C.W.); (A.B.A.)
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Dan-Arin Silasi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (S.J.); (D.-A.S.)
| | - Thomas Rutherford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
- Correspondence: (T.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Sorin Draghici
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (T.-M.N.); (S.D.)
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Gil Mor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (C.W.); (A.B.A.)
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: (T.R.); (G.M.)
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14
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Ramírez-de-Arellano A, Villegas-Pineda JC, Hernández-Silva CD, Pereira-Suárez AL. The Relevant Participation of Prolactin in the Genesis and Progression of Gynecological Cancers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:747810. [PMID: 34745013 PMCID: PMC8566755 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.747810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland and multiple non-pituitary sites, vital in several physiological processes such as lactation, pregnancy, cell growth, and differentiation. However, PRL is nowadays known to have a strong implication in oncogenic processes, making it essential to delve into the mechanisms governing these actions. PRL and its receptor (PRLR) activate a series of effects such as survival, cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to treatment, being highly relevant in developing certain types of cancer. Because women produce high levels of PRL, its influence in gynecological cancers is herein reviewed. It is interesting that, other than the 23 kDa PRL, whose mechanism of action is endocrine, other variants of PRL have been observed to be produced by tumoral tissue, acting in a paracrine/autocrine manner. Because many components, including PRL, surround the microenvironment, it is interesting to understand the hormone's modulation in cancer cells. This work aims to review the most important findings regarding the PRL/PRLR axis in cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers and its molecular mechanisms to support carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Ramírez-de-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Julio César Villegas-Pineda
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Christian David Hernández-Silva
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez,
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15
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Prolactin: A hormone with diverse functions from mammary gland development to cancer metastasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 114:159-170. [PMID: 33109441 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Prolactin has a rich mechanistic set of actions and signaling in order to elicit developmental effects in mammals. Historically, prolactin has been appreciated as an endocrine peptide hormone that is responsible for final, functional mammary gland development and lactation. Multiple signaling pathways impacted upon by the microenvironment contribute to cell function and differentiation. Endocrine, autocrine and paracrine signaling are now apparent in not only mammary development, but also in cancer, and involve multiple cell types including those of the immune system. Multiple ligands agonists are capable of binding to the prolactin receptor, potentially expanding receptor function. Prolactin has an important role not only in tumorigenesis of the breast, but also in a number of hormonally responsive cancers such as prostate, ovarian and endometrial cancer, as well as pancreatic and lung cancer. Although pituitary and extra-pituitary sources of prolactin such as the epithelium are important, stromal sourced prolactin is now also being recognized as an important factor in tumor progression, all of which potentially signal to multiple cell types in the tumor microenvironment. While prolactin has important roles in milk production including calcium and bone homeostasis, in the disease state it can also affect bone homeostasis. Prolactin also impacts metastatic cancer of the breast to modulate the bone microenvironment and promote bone damage. Prolactin has a fascinating contribution in both physiologic and pathologic settings of mammals.
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16
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Zhang W, Liu Y, Zhou X, Zhao R, Wang H. Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in gynecological cancer research. Clin Genet 2020; 97:827-834. [PMID: 32040210 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gynecological cancers pose a significant threat to women's health worldwide, with cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer having high incidences. Current gynecological cancer treatment methods mainly include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy. The CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology as a new therapeutic method has shown tremendous effect in the treatment of other cancers, promoting research on its potential therapeutic effect in gynecological cancer. In this article, we reviewed the current research status of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in gynecological cancer, focusing on the importance of studying the mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9 in gynecological cancer treatment, thereby laying a foundation for further research on its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Bergsten TM, Burdette JE, Dean M. Fallopian tube initiation of high grade serous ovarian cancer and ovarian metastasis: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Cancer Lett 2020; 476:152-160. [PMID: 32067992 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Although outcomes have improved in recent years, there remains an unmet clinical need to understand the early pathogenesis of ovarian cancer in order to identify new diagnostic approaches and agents of chemoprevention and chemotherapy. While high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the most abundant histotype, was initially thought to arise from the ovarian surface epithelium, there is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that HGSOC originates in the fallopian tube. With this new understanding of cell of origin, understanding of disease development requires analysis with a novel perspective. Currently, factors that drive the initiation and migration of dysplastic tubal epithelial cells from the fallopian tube to the ovary are not yet fully defined. These factors include common mutations to fallopian tube epithelial cells, as well as factors originating from both the fallopian tube and ovary which are capable of inducing transformation and dissemination in said cells. Here, we review these changes, their causative agents, and various potential means of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tova M Bergsten
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Dean
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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18
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Ai X, Zhu X, Zuo J. Prolactin (PRL), placenta growth factor (PIGF) and nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:647-656. [PMID: 35117410 PMCID: PMC8798035 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.12.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of prolactin (PRL), placenta growth factor (PIGF) and nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS PRL, PIGF and NGFR were selected through being screened normal human and esophageal cancer (EC) plasma by high-throughput protein chips. Subsequently, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect the expression in ESCC and control group. Then, its clinical significance was statistically evaluated. RESULTS The expression of PRL, PIGF and NGFR in plasma and tissue of patients with EC was higher than healthy controls and adjacent tissue, respectively. Among the clinical parameters, the expression of PRL and NGFR protein was correlated with the tumor classification of ESCC (P<0.05), while PIGF protein was correlated with the clinical stage of ESCC (P<0.05). The area under the ROC (AUC) of PRL, PIGF, and NGFR in plasma was 0.69, 0.72, and 0.66 in separately. Furthermore, the combined detection of three proteins had a better AUC of 0.74 with a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 72.4%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that positive expression of PRL, PIGF and NGFR in histological predicted significantly worse overall survival (OS) than negative expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS PRL, PIGF and NGFR are promising biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis prediction of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Ai
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421900, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421900, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421900, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421900, China
| | - Jianhong Zuo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421900, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421900, China
- The Translational Medicine Laboratory, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421900, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421900, China
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19
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Predictive early gene signature during mouse Bhas 42 cell transformation induced by synthetic amorphous silica nanoparticles. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 315:108900. [PMID: 31738905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic amorphous silica nanoparticles (SAS) are used widely in industrial applications. These nanoparticles are not classified for their carcinogenicity in humans. However, some data still demonstrate a potential carcinogenic risk of these compounds in humans. The Bhas 42 cell line was developed to screen chemicals, as tumor-initiators or -promoters according to their ability to trigger cell-to-cell transformation, in a cell transformation assay. In the present study, we performed unsupervised transcriptomic analysis after exposure of Bhas 42 cells to NM-203 SAS as well as to positive (Min-U-Sil 5® crystalline silica microparticles, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) and negative (diatomaceous earth) control compounds. We identified a common gene signature for 21 genes involved in the early stage of the SAS- Min-U-Sil 5®- or TPA-induced cell transformation. These genes were related to cell proliferation (over expression) and cell adhesion (under expression). Among them, 12 were selected on the basis of their potential impact on cell transformation. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to confirm the transcriptomic data. Moreover, similar gene alterations were found when Bhas 42 cells were treated with two other transforming SAS. In conclusion, the results obtained in the current study highlight a 12-gene signature that could be considered as a potential early "bio-marker" of cell transformation induced by SAS and perhaps other chemicals.
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