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Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. Molecular Insight into Gastric Cancer Invasion-Current Status and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 38201481 PMCID: PMC10778111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. There has been no efficient therapy for stage IV GC patients due to this disease's heterogeneity and dissemination ability. Despite the rapid advancement of molecular targeted therapies, such as HER2 and immune checkpoint inhibitors, survival of GC patients is still unsatisfactory because the understanding of the mechanism of GC progression is still incomplete. Invasion is the most important feature of GC metastasis, which causes poor mortality in patients. Recently, genomic research has critically deepened our knowledge of which gene products are dysregulated in invasive GC. Furthermore, the study of the interaction of GC cells with the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a principal subject in driving invasion and metastasis. These results are expected to provide a profound knowledge of how biological molecules are implicated in GC development. This review summarizes the advances in our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of GC invasion. We also highlight the future directions of the invasion therapeutics of GC. Compared to conventional therapy using protease or molecular inhibitors alone, multi-therapy targeting invasion plasticity may seem to be an assuring direction for the progression of novel strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5458585, Japan;
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2
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Jiang X, Xu Z, Jiang S, Wang H, Xiao M, Shi Y, Wang K. PDZ and LIM Domain-Encoding Genes: Their Role in Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5042. [PMID: 37894409 PMCID: PMC10605254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PDZ-LIM family proteins (PDLIMs) are a kind of scaffolding proteins that contain PDZ and LIM interaction domains. As protein-protein interacting molecules, PDZ and LIM domains function as scaffolds to bind to a variety of proteins. The PDLIMs are composed of evolutionarily conserved proteins found throughout different species. They can participate in cell signal transduction by mediating the interaction of signal molecules. They are involved in many important physiological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and the maintenance of cellular structural integrity. Studies have shown that dysregulation of the PDLIMs leads to tumor formation and development. In this paper, we review and integrate the current knowledge on PDLIMs. The structure and function of the PDZ and LIM structural domains and the role of the PDLIMs in tumor development are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yueli Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China; (X.J.); (Z.X.); (S.J.); (H.W.); (M.X.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China; (X.J.); (Z.X.); (S.J.); (H.W.); (M.X.)
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3
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Hua X, Zou R, Bai X, Yang Y, Lu J, Huang C. Differential functions of RhoGDIβ in malignant transformation and progression of urothelial cell following N-butyl-N-(4-hydmoxybutyl) nitrosamine exposure. BMC Biol 2023; 21:181. [PMID: 37635218 PMCID: PMC10463823 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional role of Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor beta (RhoGDIβ) in tumor biology appears to be contradictory across various studies. Thus, the exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential functions of this protein in urinary bladder carcinogenesis is highly significant in the field. Here, RhoGDIβ expression patterns, biological functions, and mechanisms leading to transformation and progression of human urothelial cells (UROtsa cells) were evaluated following varying lengths of exposure to the bladder carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydmoxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN). RESULTS It was seen that compared to expression in vehicle-treated control cells, RhoGDIβ protein expression was downregulated after 2-month of BBN exposure, but upregulated after 6-month of exposure. Assessments of cell function showed that RhoGDIβ inhibited UROtsa cell growth in cells with BBN for 2-month exposure, whereas it promoted the invasion of cells treated with BBN for 6 months. Mechanistic studies revealed that 2-month of BBN exposure markedly attenuated DNMT3a abundance, and this led to reduced miR-219a promoter methylation, increased miR-219a binding to the RhoGDIβ mRNA 3'UTR, and reduced RhoGDIβ protein translation. While after 6-mo of BBN treatment, the cells showed increased PP2A/JNK/C-Jun axis phosphorylation and this in turn mediated overall RhoGDIβ mRNA transcription and protein expression as well as invasion. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that RhoGDIβ is likely to inhibit the transformation of human urothelial cells during the early phase of BBN exposure, whereas it promotes invasion of the transformed/progressed urothelial cells in the late stage of BBN exposure. The studies also suggest that RhoGDIβ may be a useful biomarker for evaluating the progression of human bladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hua
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ronghao Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Bai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Hui T, Yiling J, Guangqun C, Ran L, Hui L, Lan Y, Jie H, Su Q. Diallyl disulfide downregulating RhoGDI2 induces differentiation and inhibit invasion via the Rac1/Pak1/LIMK1 pathway in human leukemia HL-60 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1063-1077. [PMID: 36793247 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia is a type of disease in which hematopoietic stem cells proliferate clonally at the genetic level. We discovered previously by high-resolution mass spectrometry that diallyl disulfide (DADS), which is one of the effective ingredients of garlic, reduces the performance of RhoGDI2 from APL HL-60 cells. Although RhoGDI2 is oversubscribed in several cancer categories, the effect of RhoGDI2 in HL-60 cells has remained unexplained. We aimed to investigate the influence of RhoGDI2 on DADS-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells to elucidate the association among the effect of inhibition or over-expression of RhoGDI2 with HL-60 cell polarization, migration and invasion, which is important for establishing a novel generation of inducers to elicit leukemia cell polarization. Co-transfection with RhoGDI2-targeted miRNAs apparently decreases the malignant biological behavior of cells and upregulates cytopenias in DADS-treated HL-60 cell lines, which increases CD11b and decreases CD33 and mRNA levels of Rac1, PAK1 and LIMK1. Meanwhile, we generated HL-60 cell lines with high-expressing RhoGDI2. The proliferation, migration and invasion capacity of such cells were significantly increased by the treated with DADS, while the reduction capacity of the cells was decreased. There was a reduction in CD11b and an increase in CD33 production, as well as an increase in the mRNA levels of Rac1, PAK1 and LIMK1. It also confirmed that inhibition of RhoGDI2 attenuates the EMT cascade via the Rac1/Pak1/LIMK1 pathway, thereby inhibiting the malignant biological behavior of HL-60 cells. Thus, we considered that inhibition of RhoGDI2 expression might be a new therapeutic direction for the treatment of human promyelocytic leukemia. The anti-cancer property of DADS against HL-60 leukemia cells might be regulated by RhoGDI2 through the Rac1-Pak1-LIMK1 pathway, which provides new evidence for DADS as a clinical anti-cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Hui
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiang Yiling
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chen Guangqun
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Oncology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Liu Ran
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Hui
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi Lan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - He Jie
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qi Su
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Ma N, Xu E, Luo Q, Song G. Rac1: A Regulator of Cell Migration and A Potential Target for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072976. [PMID: 37049739 PMCID: PMC10096471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is crucial for physiological and pathological processes such as morphogenesis, wound repair, immune response and cancer invasion/metastasis. There are many factors affecting cell migration, and the regulatory mechanisms are complex. Rac1 is a GTP-binding protein with small molecular weight belonging to the Rac subfamily of the Rho GTPase family. As a key molecule in regulating cell migration, Rac1 participates in signal transduction from the external cell to the actin cytoskeleton and promotes the establishment of cell polarity which plays an important role in cancer cell invasion/metastasis. In this review, we firstly introduce the molecular structure and activity regulation of Rac1, and then summarize the role of Rac1 in cancer invasion/metastasis and other physiological processes. We also discuss the regulatory mechanisms of Rac1 in cell migration and highlight it as a potential target in cancer therapy. Finally, the current state as well as the future challenges in this area are considered. Understanding the role and the regulatory mechanism of Rac1 in cell migration can provide fundamental insights into Rac1-related cancer progression and further help us to develop novel intervention strategies for cancer therapy in clinic.
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6
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The Dual Function of RhoGDI2 in Immunity and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044015. [PMID: 36835422 PMCID: PMC9960019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RhoGDI2 is a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) specific for the Rho family of small GTPases. It is highly expressed in hematopoietic cells but is also present in a large array of other cell types. RhoGDI2 has been implicated in multiple human cancers and immunity regulation, where it can display a dual role. Despite its involvement in various biological processes, we still do not have a clear understanding of its mechanistic functions. This review sheds a light on the dual opposite role of RhoGDI2 in cancer, highlights its underappreciated role in immunity and proposes ways to explain its intricate regulatory functions.
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7
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Proteomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Differences in the Development of Gastric Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8266544. [PMID: 35958927 PMCID: PMC9357686 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8266544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the 3rd leading cause of death from cancer and the 5th most common cancer worldwide. The detection rate of GC among Tibetans is significantly higher than that in Han Chinese, probably due to differences in their living habits, dietary structure, and environment. Despite such a high disease burden, the epidemiology of gastric cancer has not been studied in this population. Molecular markers are required to aid the diagnosis and treatment of GC. In this study, we collected gastric tissue samples from patients in Tibet with chronic nonatrophic gastritis (CNAG) (n = 6), chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) (n = 7), gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (GIN) (n = 4), and GC (n = 5). The proteins in each group were analyzed using coupled label-free mass spectrometry. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and protein interaction networks were used to analyze the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) among groups. DEPs were quantified in comparisons of GC versus CNAG (223), GC versus GIN (100), and GIN versus CNAG (341). GO and KEGG analyses showed that the DEPs were mainly associated with immunity (GC versus CNAG) and cancer proliferation and metastasis (GC versus GIN, and GIN versus CNAG). Furthermore, the expression levels of cell proliferation and cytoskeleton-related proteins increased consistently during cancer development, such as ITGA4, DDC, and CPT1A; thus, they are potential diagnostic markers. These results obtained by proteomics analysis could improve our understanding of cancer biology in GC and provide a rich resource for data mining and discovering potential immunotherapy targets.
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8
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Liu X, Song Q, Wang D, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Fu W. LIMK1: A promising prognostic and immune infiltration indicator in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:234. [PMID: 35720504 PMCID: PMC9185146 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1) is upregulated in a variety of tumors and may be a potential detection target. The present study analyzed the expression difference of LIMK1 and its relationship with tumor clinicopathological characteristics and tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer (CRC). The transcriptomic data of LIMK1 with CRC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and GEO databases for analyzing the expression of LIMK1 mRNA and the correlation with the prognosis of patients. The protein expression of LIMK1 was obtained from the Human Protein Atlas. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan-Meier was used to evaluate the expression characteristics and prognostic differences of LIMK1 in CRC. STRING was used to analyze co-expression genes of LIMK1. The tumor immune estimation resource was applied to the correlation between LIMK1 expression and immune infiltrates. The present study verified LIMK1 expression at the level of clinical samples collected from the Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and cell lines using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The mRNA and protein expression of LIMK1 were both upregulated in tumor tissues compared with adjacent tissues in CRC. The expression levels of LIMK1 were positively associated with clinical-pathological features of CRC including lymphatic invasion (P=4.00×10−2) and high pathologic stages (P=4.20×10−2). The AUC value of LIMK1 in CRC was 0.937 (95% CI: 0.918-0.957) through ROC analysis. Under the best cut-off value (4.009), the sensitivity and specificity were 98 and 81.9%. LIMK1 expression was mainly related to CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells in the immune microenvironment of CRC. In conclusion, the high expression of LIMK1 in CRC was closely related to the clinical features and prognosis of patients. Therefore, LIMK1 was a promising prognostic indicator and a potential target for immunotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Song
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Daohan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yubiao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Matulja D, Vranješević F, Kolympadi Markovic M, Pavelić SK, Marković D. Anticancer Activities of Marine-Derived Phenolic Compounds and Their Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041449. [PMID: 35209235 PMCID: PMC8879422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the middle of the last century, marine organisms have been identified as producers of chemically and biologically diverse secondary metabolites which have exerted various biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifouling and others. This review primarily focuses on the marine phenolic compounds and their derivatives with potent anticancer activity, isolated and/or modified in the last decade. Reports on the elucidation of their structures as well as biosynthetic studies and total synthesis are also covered. Presented phenolic compounds inhibited cancer cells proliferation or migration, at sub-micromolar or nanomolar concentrations (lamellarins D (37), M (38), K (39), aspergiolide B (41), fradimycin B (62), makulavamine J (66), mayamycin (69), N-acetyl-N-demethylmayamycin (70) or norhierridin B (75)). In addition, they exhibited anticancer properties by a diverse biological mechanism including induction of apoptosis or inhibition of cell migration and invasive potential. Finally, phlorotannins 1–7 and bromophenols 12–29 represent the most researched phenolic compounds, of which the former are recognized as protective agents against UVB or gamma radiation-induced skin damages. Finally, phenolic metabolites were assorted into six main classes: phlorotannins, bromophenols, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenophenolics, quinones and hydroquinones. The derivatives that could not be attributed to any of the above-mentioned classes were grouped in a separate class named miscellaneous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Matulja
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.M.); (F.V.); (M.K.M.)
| | - Filip Vranješević
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.M.); (F.V.); (M.K.M.)
| | - Maria Kolympadi Markovic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.M.); (F.V.); (M.K.M.)
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence: (S.K.P.); (D.M.); Tel.: +385-51-688-266 (S.K.P.); +385-91-500-8676 (D.M.)
| | - Dean Marković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.M.); (F.V.); (M.K.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.P.); (D.M.); Tel.: +385-51-688-266 (S.K.P.); +385-91-500-8676 (D.M.)
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10
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Xia T, Xiang T, Xie H. Update on the role of C1GALT1 in cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 23:97. [PMID: 35154428 PMCID: PMC8822393 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most difficult diseases to treat. In the quest for early diagnoses to improve patient survival and prognosis, targeted therapies have become a hot research topic in recent years. Glycosylation is the most common posttranslational modification in mammalian cells. Core 1β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1) is a key glycosyltransferase in the glycosylation process and is the key enzyme in the formation of the core 1 structure on which most complex and branched O-glycans are formed. A recent study reported that C1GALT1 was aberrantly expressed in tumors. In cancer cells, C1GALT1 is regulated by different factors. In the present review, the expression of C1GALT1 in different tumors and its possible molecular mechanisms of action are described and the role of C1GALT1 in cancer development is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xia
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ting Xiang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Xie
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Dong X, Liu Y, Deng X, Shao J, Tian S, Chen S, Huang R, Lin Z, Chen C, Shen L. C1GALT1, Negatively Regulated by miR-181d-5p, Promotes Tumor Progression via Upregulating RAC1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:707970. [PMID: 34307388 PMCID: PMC8292976 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.707970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are frequently dysregulated in lung cancer. Core 1 β 1, 3-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), an enzyme highly expressed in various cancers, is correlated with tumor initiation and development. However, the role of C1GALT1 in lung cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, through bioinformatic analysis and clinical validation, we first discovered that C1GALT1 expression was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and was closely related to poor prognosis in patients with LUAD. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that C1GALT1 promoted LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumor formation in vivo. Further investigation demonstrated that RAC1 expression was positively regulated by C1GALT1 in LUAD, whereas silencing Rac1 could reverse C1GALT1-induced tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, miR-181d-5p was identified as a negative regulator for C1GALT1 in LUAD. As expected, the inhibitory effects of miR-181d-5p on LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were counteracted by restoration of C1GALT1. In summary, our results highlight the importance of the miR-181d-5p/C1GALT1/RAC1 regulatory axis during LUAD progression. Thus, C1GALT1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Dong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yongyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xinzhou Deng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shuangyue Tian
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Rongxin Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ziao Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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12
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Lu G, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Upregulation of LIMK1 Is Correlated With Poor Prognosis and Immune Infiltrates in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:671585. [PMID: 34149814 PMCID: PMC8209497 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.671585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protein-coding gene LIM Domain Kinase 1 (LIMK1) is upregulated in various tumors and reported to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the prognostic values of LIMK1 and correlation with immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma are still not understood. Therefore, we evaluated the prognostic role of LIMK1 and its correlation with immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods Transcriptional expression profiles of LIMK1 between lung adenocarcinoma tissues and normal tissues were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The LIMK1 protein expression was assessed by the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) and the Human Protein Atlas. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to differentiate lung adenocarcinoma from adjacent normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier method was conducted to assess the effect of LIMK1 on survival. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed by the STRING. Functional enrichment analyses were performed using the “ClusterProfiler” package. The relationship between LIMK1 mRNA expression and immune infiltrates was determined by tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) and tumor-immune system interaction database (TISIDB). Results The expression of LIMK1 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly upregulated than those in adjacent normal tissues. Increased LIMK1 mRNA expression was associated with lymph node metastases and high TNM stage. The ROC curve analysis showed that with a cutoff level of 4.908, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for LIMK1 differentiate lung adenocarcinoma from adjacent controls were 69.5, 93.2, and 71.9%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed lung adenocarcinoma patients with high- LIMK1 had a worse prognosis than those with low- LIMK1 (43.1 vs. 55.1 months, P = 0.028). Correlation analysis indicated LIMK1 mRNA expression was correlated with tumor purity and immune infiltrates. Conclusion Upregulated LIMK1 is significantly correlated with poor survival and immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma. Our study suggests that LIMK1 can be used as a biomarker of poor prognosis and potential immune therapy target in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
Cancer accounted for 16% of all death worldwide in 2018. Significant progress has been made in understanding tumor occurrence, progression, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis at the molecular level. However, genomics changes cannot truly reflect the state of protein activity in the body due to the poor correlation between genes and proteins. Quantitative proteomics, capable of quantifying the relatively different protein abundance in cancer patients, has been increasingly adopted in cancer research. Quantitative proteomics has great application potentials, including cancer diagnosis, personalized therapeutic drug selection, real-time therapeutic effects and toxicity evaluation, prognosis and drug resistance evaluation, and new therapeutic target discovery. In this review, the development, testing samples, and detection methods of quantitative proteomics are introduced. The biomarkers identified by quantitative proteomics for clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and drug resistance are reviewed. The challenges and prospects of quantitative proteomics for personalized medicine are also discussed.
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Tang M, Li Y, Luo X, Xiao J, Wang J, Zeng X, Hu Q, Chen X, Tan SJ, Hu J. Identification of Biomarkers Related to CD8 + T Cell Infiltration With Gene Co-expression Network in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:606106. [PMID: 33816462 PMCID: PMC8012856 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.606106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common types of lung cancer in adults worldwide. With the development of modern medicine, cancer treatment that harnesses the power of the immune system might be particularly effective for treating LSCC. In this research, LSCC expression data, which quantify the cellular composition of immune cells, were analyzed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and a deconvolution algorithm based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the results indicated a close relationship between LSCC and CD8+ T cells. Six hub genes (SYT3, METTL8, HSPB3, GFM1, ERLIN2, and CLCN2) were verified by gene-gene network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses. We found that the six hub genes were increased in cancer tissues and were closely correlated with cancer development and progression. After immune correlation analysis, METTL8 was selected as a prognostic biomarker. Finally, we found that the METTL8 levels were increased in multiple lung cancer cell lines and LSCC tissues. METTL8 inhibition could clearly induce G1 cell cycle arrest and suppress proliferation. Therefore, METTL8, which is related to CD8+ T cell infiltration, might be identified as a potential biomarker and gene therapy target in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yukun Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xianyu Luo
- Medical College, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qihao Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Si-jie Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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