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Kumar R, Srikrishna S. JNK Kinase regulates cachexia like syndrome in scribble knockdown tumor model of Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Biol 2024; 517:28-38. [PMID: 39293747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Cachexia and systemic organ wasting are metabolic syndrome often associated with cancer. However, the exact mechanism of cancer associated cachexia like syndrome still remain elusive. In this study, we utilized a scribble (scrib) knockdown induced hindgut tumor to investigate the role of JNK kinase in cachexia like syndrome. Scrib, a cell polarity regulator, also acts as a tumor suppressor gene. Its loss and mis-localization are reported in various type of malignant cancer-like breast, colon and prostate cancer. The scrib knockdown flies exhibited male lethality, reduced life span, systemic organ wasting and increased pJNK level in hindgut of female flies. Interestingly, knocking down of human JNK Kinase analogue, hep, in scrib knockdown background in hindgut leads to restoration of loss of scrib mediated lethality and systemic organ wasting. Our data showed that scrib loss in hindgut is capable of inducing cancer associated cachexia like syndrome. Here, we firstly report that blocking the JNK signaling pathway effectively rescued the cancer cachexia induced by scrib knockdown, along with its associated gut barrier disruption. These findings have significantly advanced our understanding of cancer cachexia and have potential implications for the development of therapeutic strategies. However, more research is needed to fully understand the complex mechanisms underlying this condition.
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2
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Alissa N, Fang WB, Medrano M, Bergeron N, Kozai Y, Hu Q, Redding C, Thyfault J, Hamilton-Reeves J, Berkland C, Cheng N. CCL2 signaling promotes skeletal muscle wasting in non-tumor and breast tumor models. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050398. [PMID: 38973385 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in treatment, approximately 25% of patients with breast cancer experience long-term skeletal muscle wasting (SMW), which limits mobility, reduces drug tolerance and adversely impacts survival. By understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of SMW, we may be able to develop new strategies to alleviate this condition and improve the lives of patients with breast cancer. Chemokines are small soluble factors that regulate homing of immune cells to tissues during inflammation. In breast cancers, overexpression of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) correlates with unfavorable prognosis. Elevated levels of CCL2 in peripheral blood indicate possible systemic effects of this chemokine in patients with breast cancer. Here, we investigated the role of CCL2 signaling on SMW in tumor and non-tumor contexts. In vitro, increasing concentrations of CCL2 inhibited myoblast and myotube function through C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)-dependent mechanisms involving JNK, SMAD3 and AMPK signaling. In healthy mice, delivery of recombinant CCL2 protein promoted SMW in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo knockdown of breast tumor-derived CCL2 partially protected against SMW. Overall, chronic, upregulated CCL2-CCR2 signaling positively regulates SMW, with implications for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Alissa
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wei Bin Fang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Marcela Medrano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nick Bergeron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yuuka Kozai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Qingting Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Chloe Redding
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - John Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jill Hamilton-Reeves
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Nikki Cheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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3
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Tien SC, Chang CC, Huang CH, Peng HY, Chang YT, Chang MC, Lee WH, Hu CM. Exosomal miRNA 16-5p/29a-3p from pancreatic cancer induce adipose atrophy by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis. iScience 2024; 27:110346. [PMID: 39055920 PMCID: PMC11269291 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over 80% of the patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have cachexia/wasting syndrome. Cachexia is associated with reduced survival, decreased quality of life, and higher metastasis rates. Here, we demonstrate that fat loss is the earliest feature of PDAC-exosome-induced cachexia. MicroRNA sequencing of exosomal components from normal and cancer-derived exosomes revealed enrichment of miR-16-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-29a-3p, and miR-125b-5p in serum exosomes of mice harboring PDAC and patients with PDAC. Further, miR-16-5p and miR-29a-3p inhibited adipogenesis through decreasing Erlin2 and Cmpk1 expression which downregulates C/EBPβ and PPARγ. Synergistically, miR-29a-3p promotes lipolysis through increasing ATGL expression by suppressing MCT1 expression. Furthermore, PDAC-exosomes deprived of miR-16-5p and miR-29a-3p fail to induce fat loss. Hence, miR-16-5p and miR-29a-3p exosomal miRs are essential for PDAC-induced fat loss. Thus, we unravel that PDAC induces adipose atrophy via exosomal miRs. This knowledge may provide new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for PDAC-induced cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Chih Tien
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chun Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsuan-Yu Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Zhubei City, Hsinchu County 302058, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hwa Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
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4
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Li Y, Chen Y, Liao Y, Huang T, Tang Q, He C, Xu L, Chang H, Li H, Liu Q, Lai D, Xia Q, Zou Z. Photobiomodulation therapy moderates cancer cachexia-associated muscle wasting through activating PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a pathway. Apoptosis 2024; 29:663-680. [PMID: 38598070 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia-associated muscle wasting as a multifactorial wasting syndrome, is an important factor affecting the long-term survival rate of tumor patients. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has emerged as a promising tool to cure and prevent many diseases. However, the effect of PBMT on skeletal muscle atrophy during cancer progression has not been fully demonstrated yet. Here, we found PBMT alleviated the atrophy of myotube diameter induced by cancer cells in vitro, and prevented cancer-associated muscle atrophy in mice bearing tumor. Mechanistically, the alleviation of muscle wasting by PBMT was found to be involved in inhibiting E3 ubiquitin ligases MAFbx and MuRF-1. In addition, transcriptomic analysis using RNA-seq and GSEA revealed that PI3K/AKT pathway might be involved in PBMT-prevented muscle cachexia. Next, we showed the protective effect of PBMT against muscle cachexia was totally blocked by AKT inhibitor in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PBMT-activated AKT promoted FoxO3a phosphorylation and thus inhibiting the nucleus entry of FoxO3a. Lastly, in cisplatin-treated muscle cachexia model, PBMT had also been shown to ameliorate muscle atrophy through enhancing PI3K/AKT pathway to suppress MAFbx and MuRF-1 expression. These novel findings revealed that PBMT could be a promising therapeutic approach in treating muscle cachexia induced by cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuan Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ting Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qing Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chengsi He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Liu Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Haocai Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Dongming Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510235, China.
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Zhengzhi Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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5
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Galiana-Melendez F, Huot JR. The Impact of Non-bone Metastatic Cancer on Musculoskeletal Health. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:318-329. [PMID: 38649653 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to discuss the musculoskeletal consequences of cancer, including those that occur in the absence of bone metastases. RECENT FINDINGS Cancer patients frequently develop cachexia, a debilitating condition reflected by weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. The negative effects that tumors exert on bone health represents a growing interest amongst cachexia researchers. Recent clinical and pre-clinical evidence demonstrates cancer-induced bone loss, even in the absence of skeletal metastases. Together with muscle wasting, losses in bone demonstrates the impact of cancer on the musculoskeletal system. Identifying therapeutic targets that comprehensively protect musculoskeletal health is essential to improve the quality of life in cancer patients and survivors. IL-6, RANKL, PTHrP, sclerostin, and TGF-β superfamily members represent potential targets to counteract cachexia. However, more research is needed to determine the efficacy of these targets in protecting both skeletal muscle and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua R Huot
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Gan X, Zeng Y, Huang J, Chen X, Kang H, Huang S. Tumor-Derived Sarcopenia Factors Are Diverse in Different Tumor Types: A Pan-Cancer Analysis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:329. [PMID: 38397931 PMCID: PMC10887289 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated muscle wasting is a widespread syndrome in people with cancer and is characterized by weight loss and muscle atrophy, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. However, the tumor-derived factors that affect the development of muscle wasting and the mechanism by which they act remain unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we aimed to delineate differences in tumor molecular characteristics (especially secretion characteristics) between patients with and without sarcopenia across 10 tumor types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We integrated radiological characteristics from CT scans of TCGA cancer patients, which allowed us to calculate skeletal muscle area (SMA) to confirm sarcopenia. We combined TCGA and GTEx (The Genotype-Tissue Expression) data to analyze upregulated secretory genes in 10 tumor types compared with normal tissues. Upregulated secretory genes in the tumor microenvironment and their relation to SMA were analyzed to identify potential muscle wasting biomarkers (560 samples). Meanwhile, their predictive values for patient survival was validated in 3530 samples in 10 tumor types. A total of 560 participants with transcriptomic data and SMA were included. Among those, 136 participants (24.28%) were defined as having sarcopenia based on SMA. Enrichment analysis for upregulated secretory genes in cancers revealed that pathways associated with muscle wasting were strongly enriched in tumor types with a higher prevalence of sarcopenia. A series of SMA-associated secretory protein-coding genes were identified in cancers, which showed distinct gene expression profiles according to tumor type, and could be used to predict prognosis in cancers (p value ≤ 0.002). Unfortunately, those genes were different and rarely overlapped across tumor types. Tumor secretome characteristics were closely related to sarcopenia. Highly expressed secretory mediators in the tumor microenvironment were associated with SMA and could affect the overall survival of cancer patients, which may provide a valuable starting point for the further understanding of the molecular basis of muscle wasting in cancers. More importantly, tumor-derived pro-sarcopenic factors differ across tumor types and genders, which implies that mechanisms of cancer-associated muscle wasting are complex and diverse across tumors, and may require individualized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (X.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Yunqian Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (X.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (X.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Hao Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (X.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Shuaiwen Huang
- Department of General Practice, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Neshan M, Tsilimigras DI, Han X, Zhu H, Pawlik TM. Molecular Mechanisms of Cachexia: A Review. Cells 2024; 13:252. [PMID: 38334644 PMCID: PMC10854699 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a condition characterized by substantial loss of body weight resulting from the depletion of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. A considerable fraction of patients with advanced cancer, particularly those who have been diagnosed with pancreatic or gastric cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, or leukemias, are impacted by this condition. This syndrome manifests at all stages of cancer and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. It heightens the susceptibility to surgical complications, chemotherapy toxicity, functional impairments, breathing difficulties, and fatigue. The early detection of patients with cancer cachexia has the potential to enhance both their quality of life and overall survival rates. Regarding this matter, blood biomarkers, although helpful, possess certain limitations and do not exhibit universal application. Additionally, the available treatment options for cachexia are currently limited, and there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular pathways associated with this condition. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of molecular mechanisms associated with cachexia and potential therapeutic targets for the development of effective treatments for this devastating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Neshan
- Department of General Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd 8915887857, Iran;
| | - Diamantis I. Tsilimigras
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.I.T.); (X.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.I.T.); (X.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.I.T.); (X.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Timothy M. Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.I.T.); (X.H.); (H.Z.)
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Dowling P, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Technology and Its Application to Study Skeletal Muscle Cell Biology. Cells 2023; 12:2560. [PMID: 37947638 PMCID: PMC10649384 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Voluntary striated muscles are characterized by a highly complex and dynamic proteome that efficiently adapts to changed physiological demands or alters considerably during pathophysiological dysfunction. The skeletal muscle proteome has been extensively studied in relation to myogenesis, fiber type specification, muscle transitions, the effects of physical exercise, disuse atrophy, neuromuscular disorders, muscle co-morbidities and sarcopenia of old age. Since muscle tissue accounts for approximately 40% of body mass in humans, alterations in the skeletal muscle proteome have considerable influence on whole-body physiology. This review outlines the main bioanalytical avenues taken in the proteomic characterization of skeletal muscle tissues, including top-down proteomics focusing on the characterization of intact proteoforms and their post-translational modifications, bottom-up proteomics, which is a peptide-centric method concerned with the large-scale detection of proteins in complex mixtures, and subproteomics that examines the protein composition of distinct subcellular fractions. Mass spectrometric studies over the last two decades have decisively improved our general cell biological understanding of protein diversity and the heterogeneous composition of individual myofibers in skeletal muscles. This detailed proteomic knowledge can now be integrated with findings from other omics-type methodologies to establish a systems biological view of skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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9
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Sharlo KA, Lvova ID, Tyganov SA, Zaripova KA, Belova SP, Kostrominova TY, Shenkman BS, Nemirovskaya TL. The Effect of SERCA Activation on Functional Characteristics and Signaling of Rat Soleus Muscle upon 7 Days of Unloading. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1354. [PMID: 37759754 PMCID: PMC10526198 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle abnormalities and atrophy during unloading are accompanied by the accumulation of excess calcium in the sarcoplasm. We hypothesized that calcium accumulation may occur, among other mechanisms, due to the inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity. Consequently, the use of the SERCA activator will reduce the level of calcium in the sarcoplasm and prevent the negative consequences of muscle unloading. Wistar rats were randomly assigned into one of three groups (eight rats per group): control rats with placebo (C), 7 days of unloading/hindlimb suspension with placebo (7HS), and 7 days of unloading treated with SERCA activator CDN1163 (7HSC). After seven days of unloading the soleus muscle, the 7HS group displayed increased fatigue in the ex vivo test, a significant increase in the level of calcium-dependent CaMK II phosphorylation and the level of tropomyosin oxidation, as well as a decrease in the content of mitochondrial DNA and protein, slow-type myosin mRNA, and the percentage of slow-type muscle fibers. All of these changes were prevented in the 7HSC group. Moreover, treatment with CDN1163 blocked a decrease in the phosphorylation of p70S6k, an increase in eEF2 phosphorylation, and an increase in MuRF-1 mRNA expression. Nevertheless, there were no differences in the degree of fast and slow muscle fiber atrophy between the 7HS and 7HSC groups. Conclusion: SERCA activation during 7 days of unloading prevented an increase in soleus fatigue, the decrease of slow-type myosin, mitochondrial markers, and markers of calcium homeostasis but had no effect on muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A. Sharlo
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Irina D. Lvova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Sergey A. Tyganov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Ksenia A. Zaripova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Svetlana P. Belova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Tatiana Y. Kostrominova
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Boris S. Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Tatiana L. Nemirovskaya
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
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10
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Cortez NE, Pathak S, Rodriguez Lanzi C, Hong BV, Crone R, Sule R, Wang F, Chen S, Gomes AV, Baar K, Mackenzie GG. A Ketogenic Diet in Combination with Gemcitabine Mitigates Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Cachexia in Male and Female KPC Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10753. [PMID: 37445930 PMCID: PMC10341838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a critical contributor to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) mortality. Thus, there is an urgent need for new strategies to mitigate PDAC-associated cachexia; and the exploration of dietary interventions is a critical component. We previously observed that a ketogenic diet (KD) combined with gemcitabine enhances overall survival in the autochthonous LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53 R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse model. In this study, we investigated the effect and cellular mechanisms of a KD in combination with gemcitabine on the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass in KPC mice. For this purpose, male and female pancreatic tumor-bearing KPC mice were allocated to a control diet (CD), a KD, a CD + gemcitabine (CG), or a KD + gemcitabine (KG) group. We observed that a KD or a KG-mitigated muscle strength declined over time and presented higher gastrocnemius weights compared CD-fed mice. Mechanistically, we observed sex-dependent effects of KG treatment, including the inhibition of autophagy, and increased phosphorylation levels of eIF2α in KG-treated KPC mice when compared to CG-treated mice. Our data suggest that a KG results in preservation of skeletal muscle mass. Additional research is warranted to explore whether this diet-treatment combination can be clinically effective in combating CAC in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E. Cortez
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.E.C.); (C.R.L.); (B.V.H.)
| | - Suraj Pathak
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.P.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (A.V.G.); (K.B.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cecilia Rodriguez Lanzi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.E.C.); (C.R.L.); (B.V.H.)
| | - Brian V. Hong
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.E.C.); (C.R.L.); (B.V.H.)
| | - Ryman Crone
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.P.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (A.V.G.); (K.B.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rasheed Sule
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.P.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (A.V.G.); (K.B.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Fangyi Wang
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Shuai Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Aldrin V. Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.P.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (A.V.G.); (K.B.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.P.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (A.V.G.); (K.B.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gerardo G. Mackenzie
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.E.C.); (C.R.L.); (B.V.H.)
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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11
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Oliveira-Santos A, Dagda M, Wittmann J, Smalley R, Burkin DJ. Vemurafenib improves muscle histopathology in a mouse model of LAMA2-related congenital muscular dystrophy. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049916. [PMID: 37021539 PMCID: PMC10184677 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminin-α2-related congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD) is a neuromuscular disease affecting around 1-9 in 1,000,000 children. LAMA2-CMD is caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene resulting in the loss of laminin-211/221 heterotrimers in skeletal muscle. LAMA2-CMD patients exhibit severe hypotonia and progressive muscle weakness. Currently, there is no effective treatment for LAMA2-CMD and patients die prematurely. The loss of laminin-α2 results in muscle degeneration, defective muscle repair and dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways. Signaling pathways that regulate muscle metabolism, survival and fibrosis have been shown to be dysregulated in LAMA2-CMD. As vemurafenib is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, we investigated whether vemurafenib could restore some of the serine/threonine kinase-related signaling pathways and prevent disease progression in the dyW-/- mouse model of LAMA2-CMD. Our results show that vemurafenib reduced muscle fibrosis, increased myofiber size and reduced the percentage of fibers with centrally located nuclei in dyW-/- mouse hindlimbs. These studies show that treatment with vemurafenib restored the TGF-β/SMAD3 and mTORC1/p70S6K signaling pathways in skeletal muscle. Together, our results indicate that vemurafenib partially improves histopathology but does not improve muscle function in a mouse model of LAMA2-CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariany Oliveira-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Marisela Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jennifer Wittmann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Robert Smalley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Dean J. Burkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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12
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Wang J, Zheng L, Hu C, Kong D, Zhou Z, Wu B, Wu S, Fei F, Shen Y. CircZFR promotes pancreatic cancer progression through a novel circRNA-miRNA-mRNA pathway and stabilizing epithelial-mesenchymal transition protein. Cell Signal 2023; 107:110661. [PMID: 36990335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) ranks third in incidence and seventh in mortality among cancers worldwide. CircZFR has been implicated in various human cancers. Yet, how they affect PC progression is understudied. Herein, we demonstrated that circZFR was upregulated in PC tissues and cells, a feature that was correlated with the poor performance of patients with PC. Functional analyses elucidated that circZFR facilitated cell proliferation and enhanced tumorigenicity of PC. Moreover, we found that circZFR facilitated cell metastasis by differentially regulating the levels of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistic investigations revealed that circZFR sponged miR-375, thereby upregulating the downstream target gene, GREMLIN2 (GREM2). Additionally, circZFR knockdown resulted in attenuation of the JNK pathway, an effect that was reversed by GREM2 overexpression. Collectively, our findings implicate circZFR as a positive regulator of PC progression through the miR-375/GREM2/JNK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1518, Huancheng North Road, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1518, Huancheng North Road, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chundong Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1518, Huancheng North Road, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Demiao Kong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No. 83 EastZhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Zhongcheng Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1518, Huancheng North Road, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1518, Huancheng North Road, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaohan Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1518, Huancheng North Road, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Famin Fei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1518, Huancheng North Road, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yiyu Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1518, Huancheng North Road, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Gong T, Si K, Liu H, Zhang X. Research advances in the role of MAPK cascade in regulation of cell growth, immunity, inflammation, and cancer. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:1721-1728. [PMID: 36748383 PMCID: PMC10930265 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.220155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade system is one of the highly conserved signal systems in eukaryotic cells, which participates in the regulation of many biological processes. Under the stimulation of different signals (such as cytokines, neurotransmitters, and hormones), MAPK cascade activates downstream targets and controls a variety of cellular processes, including growth, immunity, inflammation, and stress response. In different cells, the effects of MAPK cascade on cells vary with the stimuli and the duration of stimulation. MAPK cascade induces Th differentiation and participates in T cell receptor signal pathway and B cell receptor signal pathway. MAPK cascades regulate various cellular activities related to the occurrence and development of cancer. A thorough and systematic understanding of the specific regulatory effects of MAPK cascade on various cellular processes will provide theoretical guidance for treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Kai Si
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Huiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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14
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Brennan CM, Hill AS, St. Andre M, Li X, Madeti V, Breitkopf S, Garren S, Xue L, Gilbert T, Hadjipanayis A, Monetti M, Emerson CP, Moccia R, Owens J, Christoforou N. DUX4 expression activates JNK and p38 MAP kinases in myoblasts. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049516. [PMID: 36196640 PMCID: PMC10655719 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by misexpression of the DUX4 transcription factor in skeletal muscle that results in transcriptional alterations, abnormal phenotypes and cell death. To gain insight into the kinetics of DUX4-induced stresses, we activated DUX4 expression in myoblasts and performed longitudinal RNA sequencing paired with proteomics and phosphoproteomics. This analysis revealed changes in cellular physiology upon DUX4 activation, including DNA damage and altered mRNA splicing. Phosphoproteomic analysis uncovered rapid widespread changes in protein phosphorylation following DUX4 induction, indicating that alterations in kinase signaling might play a role in DUX4-mediated stress and cell death. Indeed, we demonstrate that two stress-responsive MAP kinase pathways, JNK and p38, are activated in response to DUX4 expression. Inhibition of each of these pathways ameliorated DUX4-mediated cell death in myoblasts. These findings uncover that the JNK pathway is involved in DUX4-mediated cell death and provide additional insights into the role of the p38 pathway, a clinical target for the treatment of FSHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Brennan
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- WRDM Postdoctoral Program, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abby S. Hill
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Xianfeng Li
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vijaya Madeti
- NGS Technology Center, Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Susanne Breitkopf
- Proteomics Technology Center, Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Seth Garren
- NGS Technology Center, Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liang Xue
- Machine Learning and Computational Science, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tamara Gilbert
- High Content Imaging Technology Center, Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Angela Hadjipanayis
- NGS Technology Center, Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mara Monetti
- Proteomics Technology Center, Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charles P. Emerson
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Program, Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Robert Moccia
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jane Owens
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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15
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Cancer Cachexia: Signaling and Transcriptional Regulation of Muscle Catabolic Genes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174258. [PMID: 36077789 PMCID: PMC9454911 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An uncontrollable loss in the skeletal muscle of cancer patients which leads to a significant reduction in body weight is clinically referred to as cancer cachexia (CC). While factors derived from the tumor environment which trigger various signaling pathways have been identified, not much progress has been made clinically to effectively prevent muscle loss. Deeper insights into the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of muscle catabolic genes may shed light on key regulators which can be targeted to develop new therapeutic avenues. Abstract Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a significant reduction in body weight that is predominantly caused by the loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Although the ill effects of cachexia are well known, the condition has been largely overlooked, in part due to its complex etiology, heterogeneity in mediators, and the involvement of diverse signaling pathways. For a long time, inflammatory factors have been the focus when developing therapeutics for the treatment of CC. Despite promising pre-clinical results, they have not yet advanced to the clinic. Developing new therapies requires a comprehensive understanding of how deregulated signaling leads to catabolic gene expression that underlies muscle wasting. Here, we review CC-associated signaling pathways and the transcriptional cascade triggered by inflammatory cytokines. Further, we highlight epigenetic factors involved in the transcription of catabolic genes in muscle wasting. We conclude with reflections on the directions that might pave the way for new therapeutic approaches to treat CC.
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16
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Sun X, Song X, Guo P, Zhang D, Zuo S, Leng K, Liu Y, Zhang H. Improvement of the bladder perfusion curative effect through tight junction protein degradation induced by magnetic temperature-sensitive hydrogels. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:958072. [PMID: 35992356 PMCID: PMC9386042 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.958072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative intravesical instillation of chemotherapy is a routine procedure for non-muscular invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, traditional bladder perfusion methods have insufficient exposure time, resulting in unsatisfactory therapeutic effects. In the present study, a chitosan (CS)-based in situ forming depot (ISFD) delivery system, including Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-MNP), CS, and β-glycerophosphate (GP) as main components, was synthesized. Pirarubicin (THP), as a chemotherapeutic drug, was loaded into the new system. Results showed that our carrier system (Fe3O4-THP-CS/GP) was converted into gel and attached to the bladder wall, possessing loose network structures with magnetic targeting and sustained release properties. Moreover, its retention time in bladder was more than 72 h accompanied by a suitable expansion rate and good degradation characteristics. The antitumor activities of Fe3O4-THP-CS/GP were more effective both in vitro and in vivo than the free THP solution. In the study of its mechanism, results showed that Fe3O4-THP-CS/GP suppressed the expression of occludin (OCLN) and affected tight junctions (TJ) between urothelial cells to promote THP absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Sun
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinhong Song
- Department of Logistics Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shishuai Zuo
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Kang Leng
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- *Correspondence: Haiyang Zhang,
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17
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Wong CJK, Tai YK, Yap JLY, Fong CHH, Loo LSW, Kukumberg M, Fröhlich J, Zhang S, Li JZ, Wang JW, Rufaihah AJ, Franco-Obregón A. Brief exposure to directionally-specific pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulates extracellular vesicle release and is antagonized by streptomycin: A potential regenerative medicine and food industry paradigm. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121658. [PMID: 35841726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulsing electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been shown to promote in vitro and in vivo myogeneses via mitohormetic survival adaptations of which secretome activation is a key component. A single 10-min exposure of donor myoblast cultures to 1.5 mT amplitude PEMFs produced a conditioned media (pCM) capable of enhancing the myogenesis of recipient cultures to a similar degree as direct magnetic exposure. Downwardly-directed magnetic fields produced greater secretome responses than upwardly-directed fields in adherent and fluid-suspended myoblasts. The suspension paradigm allowed for the rapid concentrating of secreted factors, particularly of extracellular vesicles. The brief conditioning of basal media from magnetically-stimulated myoblasts was capable of conferring myoblast survival to a greater degree than basal media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (5%). Downward-directed magnetic fields, applied directly to cells or in the form of pCM, upregulated the protein expression of TRPC channels, markers for cell cycle progression and myogenesis. Direct magnetic exposure produced mild oxidative stress, whereas pCM provision did not, providing a survival advantage on recipient cells. Streptomycin, a TRP channel antagonist, precluded the production of a myogenic pCM. We present a methodology employing a brief and non-invasive PEMF-exposure paradigm to effectively stimulate secretome production and release for commercial or clinical exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Jun Kit Wong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore; Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Yee Kit Tai
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore; Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Jasmine Lye Yee Yap
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore; Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Charlene Hui Hua Fong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore; Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Larry Sai Weng Loo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, The Nanos, #06-01, 31 Biopolis Way, 138669, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Marek Kukumberg
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Jürg Fröhlich
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore; Fields at Work GmbH, Zurich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Sitong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Ze Li
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117593, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Abdul Jalil Rufaihah
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore; School of Applied Sciences, Temasek Polytechnic, 529757, Singapore
| | - Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore; Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117593, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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18
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Hegde M, Daimary UD, Girisa S, Kumar A, Kunnumakkara AB. Tumor cell anabolism and host tissue catabolism-energetic inefficiency during cancer cachexia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:713-733. [PMID: 35521962 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221087962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia (CC) is a pathological condition characterized by sarcopenia, adipose tissue depletion, and progressive weight loss. CC is driven by multiple factors such as anorexia, excessive catabolism, elevated energy expenditure by growing tumor mass, and inflammatory mediators released by cancer cells and surrounding tissues. In addition, endocrine system, systemic metabolism, and central nervous system (CNS) perturbations in combination with cachexia mediators elicit exponential elevation in catabolism and reduced anabolism in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and cardiac muscle. At the molecular level, mechanisms of CC include inflammation, reduced protein synthesis, and lipogenesis, elevated proteolysis and lipolysis along with aggravated toxicity and complications of chemotherapy. Furthermore, CC is remarkably associated with intolerance to anti-neoplastic therapy, poor prognosis, and increased mortality with no established standard therapy. In this context, we discuss the spatio-temporal changes occurring in the various stages of CC and highlight the imbalance of host metabolism. We provide how multiple factors such as proteasomal pathways, inflammatory mediators, lipid and protein catabolism, glucocorticoids, and in-depth mechanisms of interplay between inflammatory molecules and CNS can trigger and amplify the cachectic processes. Finally, we highlight current diagnostic approaches and promising therapeutic interventions for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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19
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Xu PC, You M, Yu SY, Luan Y, Eldani M, Caffrey TC, Grandgenett PM, O'Connell KA, Shukla SK, Kattamuri C, Hollingsworth MA, Singh PK, Thompson TB, Chung S, Kim SY. Visceral adipose tissue remodeling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cachexia: the role of activin A signaling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1659. [PMID: 35102236 PMCID: PMC8803848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients display distinct phenotypes of cachexia development, with either adipose tissue loss preceding skeletal muscle wasting or loss of only adipose tissue. Activin A levels were measured in serum and analyzed in tumor specimens of both a cohort of Stage IV PDAC patients and the genetically engineered KPC mouse model. Our data revealed that serum activin A levels were significantly elevated in Stage IV PDAC patients in comparison to age-matched non-cancer patients. Little is known about the role of activin A in adipose tissue wasting in the setting of PDAC cancer cachexia. We established a correlation between elevated activin A and remodeling of visceral adipose tissue. Atrophy and fibrosis of visceral adipose tissue was examined in omental adipose tissue of Stage IV PDAC patients and gonadal adipose tissue of an orthotopic mouse model of PDAC. Remarkably, white visceral adipose tissue from both PDAC patients and mice exhibited decreased adipocyte diameter and increased fibrotic deposition. Strikingly, expression of thermogenic marker UCP1 in visceral adipose tissues of PDAC patients and mice remained unchanged. Thus, we propose that activin A signaling could be relevant to the acceleration of visceral adipose tissue wasting in PDAC-associated cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline C Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985860 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mikyoung You
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 211 Chenoweth Laboratory, 100 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003-9282, USA
| | - Seok-Yeong Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985860 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yi Luan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985860 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Maya Eldani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985860 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Thomas C Caffrey
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Paul M Grandgenett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kelly A O'Connell
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surendra K Shukla
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Chandramohan Kattamuri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 68198, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 68198, USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 211 Chenoweth Laboratory, 100 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003-9282, USA.
| | - So-Youn Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985860 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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20
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Chi MY, Zhang H, Wang YX, Sun XP, Yang QJ, Guo C. Silibinin Alleviates Muscle Atrophy Caused by Oxidative Stress Induced by Cisplatin through ERK/FoxO and JNK/FoxO Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5694223. [PMID: 35096269 PMCID: PMC8794676 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5694223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP), a widely used chemotherapeutic drug in cancer treatment, causes oxidative stress, resulting in cancer cachexia and skeletal muscle atrophy. This study investigated the effects and activity of silibinin (SLI) in reducing DDP-induced oxidative stress and skeletal muscle atrophy in vivo and in vitro. SLI alleviated weight loss, food intake, muscle wasting, adipose tissue depletion, and organ weight reduction induced by DDP and improved the reduction of grip force caused by DDP. SLI can attenuated the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the decrease in Nrf2 expression, the decrease in the fiber cross-sectional area, and changes in fiber type induced by DDP. SLI regulated the ERK/FoxO and JNK/FoxO pathways by downregulating the abnormal increase in ROS and Nrf2 expression in DDP-treated skeletal muscle and C2C12 myotube cells. Further, SLI inhibited the upregulation of MAFbx and Mstn, the downregulation of MyHC and MyoG, the increase in protein degradation, and the decrease of protein synthesis. The protective effects of SLI were reversed by cotreatment with JNK agonists and ERK inhibitors. These results suggest that SLI can reduce DDP-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by reducing oxidative stress and regulating ERK/FoxO and JNK/FoxO pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-yi Chi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ya-xian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xi-peng Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Quan-jun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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21
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The Atrophic Effect of 1,25(OH) 2 Vitamin D 3 (Calcitriol) on C2C12 Myotubes Depends on Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121980. [PMID: 34943083 PMCID: PMC8750283 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional mitochondrial metabolism has been linked to skeletal muscle loss in several physio-pathological states. Although it has been reported that vitamin D (VD) supports cellular redox homeostasis by maintaining normal mitochondrial functions, and VD deficiency often occurs in conditions associated with skeletal muscle loss, the efficacy of VD supplementation to overcome muscle wasting is debated. Investigations on the direct effects of VD metabolites on skeletal muscle using C2C12 myotubes have revealed an unexpected pro-atrophic activity of calcitriol (1,25VD), while its upstream metabolites cholecalciferol (VD3) and calcidiol (25VD) have anti-atrophic effects. Here, we investigated if the atrophic effects of 1,25VD on myotubes depend on its activity on mitochondrial metabolism. The impact of 1,25VD and its upstream metabolites VD3 and 25VD on mitochondria dynamics and the activity of C2C12 myotubes was evaluated by measuring mitochondrial content, architecture, metabolism, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We found that 1,25VD induces atrophy through protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated ROS production, mainly of extramitochondrial origin. Consistent with this, cotreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), but not with the mitochondria-specific antioxidant mitoTEMPO, was sufficient to blunt the atrophic activity of 1,25VD. In contrast, VD3 and 25VD have antioxidant properties, suggesting that the efficacy of VD supplementation might result from the balance between atrophic pro-oxidant (1,25VD) and protective antioxidant (VD3 and 25VD) metabolites.
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22
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Halle JL, Counts-Franch BR, Prince RM, Carson JA. The Effect of Mechanical Stretch on Myotube Growth Suppression by Colon-26 Tumor-Derived Factors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:690452. [PMID: 34395422 PMCID: PMC8363303 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.690452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models and in vitro experiments have provided valuable insight into the regulation of cancer-induced muscle wasting. Colon-26 (C26) tumor cells induce cachexia in mice, and conditioned media (CM) from these cells promotes myotube atrophy and catabolic signaling. While mechanical stimuli can prevent some effects of tumor-derived factors on myotubes, the impact of mechanical signaling on tumor-derived factor regulation of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression is not well understood. Therefore, we examined the effects of stretch-induced mechanical signaling on C2C12 myotube growth and MyHC expression after C26 CM exposure. C26 CM was administered to myotubes on day 5 of differentiation for 48 h. During the last 4 or 24 h of C26 CM exposure, 5% static uniaxial stretch was administered. C26 CM suppressed myotube growth and MyHC protein and mRNA expression. Stretch for 24 h increased myotube size and prevented the C26 CM suppression of MyHC-Fast protein expression. Stretch did not change suppressed MyHC mRNA expression. Stretch for 24 h reduced Atrogin-1/MAFbx, MuRF-1, and LC3B II/I ratio and increased integrin β1D protein expression and the myogenin-to-MyoD protein ratio. Stretch in the last 4 h of CM increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation but did not alter the CM induction of STAT3 or p38 phosphorylation. These results provide evidence that in myotubes pre-incubated with CM, the induction of mechanical signaling can still provide a growth stimulus and preserve MyHC-Fast protein expression independent of changes in mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James A. Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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23
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Cheung WW, Zheng R, Hao S, Wang Z, Gonzalez A, Zhou P, Hoffman HM, Mak RH. The role of IL-1 in adipose browning and muscle wasting in CKD-associated cachexia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15141. [PMID: 34302016 PMCID: PMC8302616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β trigger inflammatory cascades which may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated cachexia. CKD was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy in mice. We studied energy homeostasis in Il1β-/-/CKD, Il6-/-/CKD and Tnfα-/-/CKD mice and compared with wild type (WT)/CKD controls. Parameters of cachexia phenotype were completely normalized in Il1β-/-/CKD mice but were only partially rescued in Il6-/-/CKD and Tnfα-/-/CKD mice. We tested the effects of anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, on CKD-associated cachexia. WT/CKD mice were treated with anakinra (2.5 mg/kg/day, IP) or saline for 6 weeks and compared with WT/Sham controls. Anakinra normalized food intake and weight gain, fat and lean mass content, metabolic rate and muscle function, and also attenuated molecular perturbations of energy homeostasis in adipose tissue and muscle in WT/CKD mice. Anakinra decreased serum and muscle expression of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in WT/CKD mice. Anakinra attenuated browning of white adipose tissue in WT/CKD mice. Moreover, anakinra normalized gastrocnemius weight and fiber size as well as attenuated muscle fat infiltration in WT/CKD mice. This was accompanied by correcting the increased muscle wasting signaling pathways while promoting the decreased myogenesis process in gastrocnemius of WT/CKD mice. We performed qPCR analysis for the top 20 differentially expressed muscle genes previously identified via RNAseq analysis in WT/CKD mice versus controls. Importantly, 17 differentially expressed muscle genes were attenuated in anakinra treated WT/CKD mice. In conclusion, IL-1 receptor antagonism may represent a novel targeted treatment for adipose tissue browning and muscle wasting in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai W Cheung
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0831, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0831, USA
| | - Ronghao Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Hao
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alex Gonzalez
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0831, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0831, USA
| | - Ping Zhou
- Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, and Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Robert H Mak
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0831, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0831, USA.
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24
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Cole CL, Bachman JF, Ye J, Murphy J, Gerber SA, Beck CA, Boyce BF, Muthukrishnan G, Chakkalakal JV, Schwarz EM, Linehan D. Increased myocellular lipid and IGFBP-3 expression in a pre-clinical model of pancreatic cancer-related skeletal muscle wasting. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:731-745. [PMID: 33960737 PMCID: PMC8200439 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting (SMW) in cancer patients is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, treatment intolerance and discontinuation, and poor quality of life. This is particularly true for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as over 85% experience SMW, which is responsible for ~30% of patient deaths. While the established paradigm to explain SMW posits that muscle catabolism from systemic inflammation and nutritional deficiencies, the cause of death, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible remain to be elucidated. To address this, we investigated the relationship between tumour burden and survival in the KCKO murine PDAC model. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice 6-8 weeks of age underwent orthotopic injection with KCKO-luc tumour cells. Solid tumour was verified on Day 5, post-tumour inoculation. In vivo, longitudinal lean mass and tumour burden were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and IVIS imaging, respectively, and total body weight was assessed, weekly. Animals were sacrificed at a designated end point of 'failure to thrive'. After sacrifice, lower limb hind muscles were harvested for histology and RNA extraction. RESULTS We found a strong correlation between primary tumour size and survival (r2 = 0.83, P < 0.0001). A significant decrease in lower limb lean mass was first detected at Day 38 post-implantation vs. no tumour controls (NTCs) (P < 0.0001). SMW was confirmed by histology, which demonstrated a 38%, 32.7%, and 39.9% decrease in fibre size of extensor digitorum longus, soleus, and tibialis anterior muscles, respectively, in PDAC mice vs. NTC (P < 0.002). Histology also revealed a 67.6% increase in haematopoietic cells within the muscle of PDAC mice when compared with NTC. Bulk RNAseq on muscles from PDAC mice vs. NTC revealed significant increases in c/ebpβ/Δ, il-1, il-6, and tnf gene expression. Pathway analyses to identify potential upstream factors revealed increased adipogenic gene expression, including a four-fold increase in igfbp-3. Histomorphometry of Oil Red-O staining for fat content in tibialis anterior muscles demonstrated a 95.5% increase in positively stained fibres from PDAC mice vs. NTC. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings support a novel model of PDAC-associated SMW and mortality in which systemic inflammation leads to inflammatory cell infiltration into skeletal muscle with up-regulated myocellular lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin L. Cole
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Center for Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Division of Supportive Care in CancerUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - John F. Bachman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Pharmacology & PhysiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Joseph Murphy
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Christopher A. Beck
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Center for Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational BiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Brendan F. Boyce
- Center for Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Center for Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Joe V. Chakkalakal
- Center for Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Pharmacology & PhysiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Edward M. Schwarz
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Center for Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - David Linehan
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
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25
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Yu S. Preclinical Investigation of Alpinetin in the Treatment of Cancer-Induced Cachexia via Activating PPARγ. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:687491. [PMID: 34093209 PMCID: PMC8176100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.687491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing loss of skeletal muscle is a central event of cancer cachexia, and its consequences include adverse effects on patient’s quality of life and survival. Alpinetin (Alp), a natural plant-derived flavonoid obtained from Alpinia katsumadai Hayata, has been reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of Alp in the prevention of cancer cachexia. We found that Alp (25–100 μM) dose-dependently attenuated Lewis lung carcinoma–conditioned medium-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy and reduced expression of the E3 ligases Atrogin-1 and MuRF1. Moreover, Alp administration markedly improved vital features of cancer cachexia in vivo with visible reduction of the loss of tumor-free body weight and wasting of multiple tissues, including skeletal muscle, epididymal fat, and decreased expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in cachectic muscle. Alp suppressed the elevated spleen weight and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Further, Alp treatment remained protective against cancer cachexia in the advanced stage of tumor growth. Molecular docking results suggested that Alp was docked into the active site of PPARγ with the docking score of –7.6 kcal/mol, forming a hydrogen bond interaction with PPARγ protein amino acid residue HIS449 with a bond length of 3.3 Å. Mechanism analysis revealed that Alp activated PPARγ, resulting in the downregulated phosphorylation of NF-κB and STAT3 in vitro and in vivo. PPARγ inhibition induced by GW9662 notably attenuated the improvement of Alp on the above cachexia phenomenon, indicating that PPARγ activation mediated the therapeutic effect of Alp. These findings suggested that Alp might be a potential therapeutic candidate against cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yichen Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiying Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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26
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A transition to degeneration triggered by oxidative stress in degenerative disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:736-746. [PMID: 33159186 PMCID: PMC7914161 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the activities of many signaling pathways are dysregulated during the progression of neurodegenerative and muscle degeneration disorders, the precise sequence of cellular events leading to degeneration has not been fully elucidated. Two kinases of particular interest, the growth-promoting Tor kinase and the energy sensor AMPK, appear to show reciprocal changes in activity during degeneration, with increased Tor activity and decreased AMPK activity reported. These changes in activity have been predicted to cause degeneration by attenuating autophagy, leading to the accumulation of unfolded protein aggregates and dysfunctional mitochondria, the consequent increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ultimately oxidative damage. Here we propose that this increased ROS production not only causes oxidative damage but also ultimately induces an oxidative stress response that reactivates the redox-sensitive AMPK and activates the redox-sensitive stress kinase JNK. Activation of these kinases reactivates autophagy. Because at this late stage, cells have become filled with dysfunctional mitochondria and protein aggregates, which are autophagy targets, this autophagy reactivation induces degeneration. The mechanism proposed here emphasizes that the process of degeneration is dynamic, that dysregulated signaling pathways change over time and can transition from deleterious to beneficial and vice versa as degeneration progresses.
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27
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Kasprzak A. The Role of Tumor Microenvironment Cells in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Cachexia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041565. [PMID: 33557173 PMCID: PMC7913937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial syndrome in patients with advanced cancer characterized by weight loss via skeletal-muscle and adipose-tissue atrophy, catabolic activity, and systemic inflammation. CC is correlated with functional impairment, reduced therapeutic responsiveness, and poor prognosis, and is a major cause of death in cancer patients. In colorectal cancer (CRC), cachexia affects around 50–61% of patients, but remains overlooked, understudied, and uncured. The mechanisms driving CC are not fully understood but are related, at least in part, to the local and systemic immune response to the tumor. Accumulating evidence demonstrates a significant role of tumor microenvironment (TME) cells (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils, and fibroblasts) in both cancer progression and tumor-induced cachexia, through the production of multiple procachectic factors. The most important role in CRC-associated cachexia is played by pro-inflammatory cytokines, including the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), originally known as cachectin, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and certain chemokines (e.g., IL-8). Heterogeneous CRC cells themselves also produce numerous cytokines (including chemokines), as well as novel factors called “cachexokines”. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress and fibrosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of TME cellular components in CRC-associated cachexia, as well as discusses the potential role of selected mediators secreted by colorectal cancer cells in cooperation with tumor-associated immune and non-immune cells of tumor microenvironment in inducing or potentiating cancer cachexia. This knowledge serves to aid the understanding of the mechanisms of this process, as well as prevent its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki Street 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
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28
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Gorza L, Sorge M, Seclì L, Brancaccio M. Master Regulators of Muscle Atrophy: Role of Costamere Components. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010061. [PMID: 33401549 PMCID: PMC7823551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and force characterizes muscle atrophy in several different conditions, which share the expression of atrogenes and the activation of their transcriptional regulators. However, attempts to antagonize muscle atrophy development in different experimental contexts by targeting contributors to the atrogene pathway showed partial effects in most cases. Other master regulators might independently contribute to muscle atrophy, as suggested by our recent evidence about the co-requirement of the muscle-specific chaperone protein melusin to inhibit unloading muscle atrophy development. Furthermore, melusin and other muscle mass regulators, such as nNOS, belong to costameres, the macromolecular complexes that connect sarcolemma to myofibrils and to the extracellular matrix, in correspondence with specific sarcomeric sites. Costameres sense a mechanical load and transduce it both as lateral force and biochemical signals. Recent evidence further broadens this classic view, by revealing the crucial participation of costameres in a sarcolemmal “signaling hub” integrating mechanical and humoral stimuli, where mechanical signals are coupled with insulin and/or insulin-like growth factor stimulation to regulate muscle mass. Therefore, this review aims to enucleate available evidence concerning the early involvement of costamere components and additional putative master regulators in the development of major types of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Seclì
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
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29
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Zhu WQ, Ming PP, Zhang SM, Qiu J. Role of MAPK/JNK signaling pathway on the regulation of biological behaviors of MC3T3‑E1 osteoblasts under titanium ion exposure. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4792-4800. [PMID: 33173964 PMCID: PMC7646925 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a complex environment that is constantly undergoing remodeling. This provides a favorable electrolytic aqueous condition, which causes the corrosion of titanium implants and the release of titanium (Ti) ions. The accumulation of Ti ions in the peri-implant tissues may affect the osteogenesis process. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the possible effects of Ti ions on osteoblast physiology and its underlying mechanism, specifically the MAPK/JNK signaling pathway. In the present study, MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were cultured the medium containing 10 ppm Ti ions. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to analyze cell morphology and adhesion. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression of proteins associated with osteogenesis such as Runx2 and Osterix. Nuclear translocation of JNK, a key factor of the MAPK signaling pathway, was visualized and analyzed using immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that 10 ppm Ti ions exerted negative effects on the biological behaviors of MC3T3-E1 cells, which exhibited reduced adhesion, ALP activity and osteogenic differentiation. It was also found that 10 ppm Ti ions activated the MAPK/JNK signaling pathway by promoting the nuclear translocation of JNK via phosphorylation. In addition, the inhibitory effects of 10 ppm Ti ions on MC3T3-E1 cells was found to be reversed by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. In conclusion, the preset study suggests that the MAPK/JNK signaling pathway serves a key role in the molecular mechanism underlying the changes in osteoblast behavior following Ti ion exposure. These findings may serve as a valuable reference point for the further in-depth exploration of peri-implant bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Zhu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Pan-Pan Ming
- Department of Stomatology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Song-Mei Zhang
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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