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Catalano R, Altieri B, Angelousi A, Arosio M, Bravi F, Canu L, Croci GA, Detomas M, Esposito E, Ferrante E, Ferrero S, Fuss CT, Kaltsas G, Kimpel O, Landwehr LS, Luconi M, Morelli V, Nesi G, Nozza E, Sbiera S, Serban AL, Ronchi CL, Mantovani G, Peverelli E. High Filamin a Expression in Adrenocortical Carcinomas Is Associated with a Favourable Tumour Behaviour: A European Multicentric Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16573. [PMID: 38068896 PMCID: PMC10706064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) promotes cell growth by overactivating the IGF system in an autocrine loop in adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs). The cytoskeleton protein filamin A (FLNA) acts as a repressor of IGF2 mitogenic signalling in ACC cells. The aims of this study were to test FLNA expression by immunohistochemistry in 119 ACCs and 26 adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs) and to evaluate its relationship with clinicopathological features and outcome in ACCs. We found that 71.4% of ACCs did not express FLNA, whereas FLNA absence was a rare event in ACAs (15.4%, p < 0.001 vs. ACCs). In addition, the expression of FLNA was associated with a less aggressive tumour behaviour in ACCs. Indeed, the subgroup of ACCs with high FLNA showed a lower ENSAT stage, Weiss score, and S-GRAS score compared to ACCs with low FLNA expression (p < 0.05). Moreover, patients with high FLNA had a longer overall survival than those with low FLNA (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our data suggest that FLNA may represent a "protective" factor in ACCs, and the integration of FLNA immunohistochemical expression in ACC tissues along with other clinical and molecular markers could be helpful to improve diagnostic accuracy and prognosis prediction in ACCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Catalano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (M.A.); (F.B.); (E.E.); (E.N.)
| | - Barbara Altieri
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (B.A.); (M.D.); (C.T.F.); (O.K.); (L.-S.L.)
| | - Anna Angelousi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (G.K.)
- 51st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maura Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (M.A.); (F.B.); (E.E.); (E.N.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.F.); (V.M.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Francesca Bravi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (M.A.); (F.B.); (E.E.); (E.N.)
| | - Letizia Canu
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (M.L.); (G.N.)
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgio A. Croci
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy (S.F.)
| | - Mario Detomas
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (B.A.); (M.D.); (C.T.F.); (O.K.); (L.-S.L.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (M.A.); (F.B.); (E.E.); (E.N.)
- Ph.D. Program in Experimental Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Ferrante
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.F.); (V.M.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Stefano Ferrero
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy (S.F.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmina T. Fuss
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (B.A.); (M.D.); (C.T.F.); (O.K.); (L.-S.L.)
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (G.K.)
- 51st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Otilia Kimpel
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (B.A.); (M.D.); (C.T.F.); (O.K.); (L.-S.L.)
| | - Laura-Sophie Landwehr
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (B.A.); (M.D.); (C.T.F.); (O.K.); (L.-S.L.)
| | - Michaela Luconi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (M.L.); (G.N.)
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Morelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.F.); (V.M.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Gabriella Nesi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (M.L.); (G.N.)
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Emma Nozza
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (M.A.); (F.B.); (E.E.); (E.N.)
- Ph.D. Program in Experimental Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silviu Sbiera
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (B.A.); (M.D.); (C.T.F.); (O.K.); (L.-S.L.)
| | - Andreea L. Serban
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.F.); (V.M.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Cristina L. Ronchi
- Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (M.A.); (F.B.); (E.E.); (E.N.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.F.); (V.M.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Erika Peverelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (M.A.); (F.B.); (E.E.); (E.N.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.F.); (V.M.); (A.L.S.)
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del Valle I, Young MD, Kildisiute G, Ogunbiyi OK, Buonocore F, Simcock IC, Khabirova E, Crespo B, Moreno N, Brooks T, Niola P, Swarbrick K, Suntharalingham JP, McGlacken-Byrne SM, Arthurs OJ, Behjati S, Achermann JC. An integrated single-cell analysis of human adrenal cortex development. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168177. [PMID: 37440461 PMCID: PMC10443814 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The adrenal glands synthesize and release essential steroid hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone, but many aspects of human adrenal gland development are not well understood. Here, we combined single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, IHC, and micro-focus computed tomography to investigate key aspects of adrenal development in the first 20 weeks of gestation. We demonstrate rapid adrenal growth and vascularization, with more cell division in the outer definitive zone (DZ). Steroidogenic pathways favored androgen synthesis in the central fetal zone, but DZ capacity to synthesize cortisol and aldosterone developed with time. Core transcriptional regulators were identified, with localized expression of HOPX (also known as Hop homeobox/homeobox-only protein) in the DZ. Potential ligand-receptor interactions between mesenchyme and adrenal cortex were seen (e.g., RSPO3/LGR4). Growth-promoting imprinted genes were enriched in the developing cortex (e.g., IGF2, PEG3). These findings reveal aspects of human adrenal development and have clinical implications for understanding primary adrenal insufficiency and related postnatal adrenal disorders, such as adrenal tumor development, steroid disorders, and neonatal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio del Valle
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D. Young
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Gerda Kildisiute
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Olumide K. Ogunbiyi
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian C. Simcock
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleonora Khabirova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Berta Crespo
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadjeda Moreno
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Brooks
- UCL Genomics, Zayed Centre for Research, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Niola
- UCL Genomics, Zayed Centre for Research, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Swarbrick
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenifer P. Suntharalingham
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sinead M. McGlacken-Byrne
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J. Arthurs
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
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Treppiedi D, Catalano R, Mangili F, Mantovani G, Peverelli E. Role of filamin A in the pathogenesis of neuroendocrine tumors and adrenal cancer. ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 2:R143-R152. [PMID: 37435454 PMCID: PMC10259351 DOI: 10.1530/eo-22-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell cytoskeleton proteins are involved in tumor pathogenesis, progression and pharmacological resistance. Filamin A (FLNA) is a large actin-binding protein with both structural and scaffold functions implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including migration, cell adhesion, differentiation, proliferation and transcription. The role of FLNA in cancers has been studied in multiple types of tumors. FLNA plays a dual role in tumors, depending on its subcellular localization, post-translational modification (as phosphorylation at Ser2125) and interaction with binding partners. This review summarizes the experimental evidence showing the critical involvement of FLNA in the complex biology of endocrine tumors. Particularly, the role of FLNA in regulating expression and signaling of the main pharmacological targets in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors and adrenocortical carcinomas, with implications on responsiveness to currently used drugs in the treatment of these tumors, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Treppiedi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Catalano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Mangili
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Peverelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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4
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Yan X, Guo ZX, Yu DH, Chen C, Liu XP, Yang ZW, Liu TZ, Li S. Identification and Validation of a Novel Prognosis Prediction Model in Adrenocortical Carcinoma by Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis, Statistics, and Machine Learning. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671359. [PMID: 34164395 PMCID: PMC8215582 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis. Thus, we aimed to establish a potential gene model for prognosis prediction of patients with ACC. First, weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) was constructed to screen two key modules (blue: P = 5e-05, R^2 = 0.65; red: P = 4e-06, R^2 = -0.71). Second, 93 survival-associated genes were identified. Third, 11 potential prognosis models were constructed, and two models were further selected. Survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), Cox regression analysis, and calibrate curve were performed to identify the best model with great prognostic value. Model 2 was further identified as the best model [training set: P < 0.0001; the area under curve (AUC) value was higher than in any other models showed]. We further explored the prognostic values of genes in the best model by analyzing their mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) and found that MKI67 altered the most (12%). CNVs of the 14 genes could significantly affect the relative mRNA expression levels and were associated with survival of ACC patients. Three independent analyses indicated that all the 14 genes were significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with ACC. Six hub genes were further analyzed by constructing a PPI network and validated by AUC and concordance index (C-index) calculation. In summary, we constructed and validated a prognostic multi-gene model and found six prognostic biomarkers, which may be useful for predicting the prognosis of ACC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Xin Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong-Hu Yu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong-Zu Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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Mizdrak M, Tičinović Kurir T, Božić J. The Role of Biomarkers in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Review of Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2021; 9:174. [PMID: 33578890 PMCID: PMC7916711 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy arising from the adrenal cortex often with unexpected biological behavior. It can occur at any age, with two peaks of incidence: in the first and between fifth and seventh decades of life. Although ACC are mostly hormonally active, precursors and metabolites, rather than end products of steroidogenesis are produced by dedifferentiated and immature malignant cells. Distinguishing the etiology of adrenal mass, between benign adenomas, which are quite frequent in general population, and malignant carcinomas with dismal prognosis is often unfeasible. Even after pathohistological analysis, diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinomas is not always straightforward and represents a great challenge for experienced and multidisciplinary expert teams. No single imaging method, hormonal work-up or immunohistochemical labelling can definitively prove the diagnosis of ACC. Over several decades' great efforts have been made in finding novel reliable and available diagnostic and prognostic factors including steroid metabolome profiling or target gene identification. Despite these achievements, the 5-year mortality rate still accounts for approximately 75% to 90%, ACC is frequently diagnosed in advanced stages and therapeutic options are unfortunately limited. Therefore, imperative is to identify new biological markers that can predict patient prognosis and provide new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Mizdrak
- Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Tina Tičinović Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Joško Božić
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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